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Coordinates: 45°34′N 25°20′E / 45.567°N 25.333°E / 45.567; 25.333
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{{Other uses}}
{{for|other uses|Zărnești (disambiguation)}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
| official_name = Zărnești
|type = town
| pushpin_map = Romania
|county = Brașov
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|image_flag =
| image_shield =Stema Zarnesti.png |
|image_shield = ROU BV Zarnesti CoA.jpg
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Zărnești
|image_skyline = Town square, Zărnești, 2017.jpg
| latd = 45 | latm = 34 | lats = | latNS = N
|image_caption = Town square, Zărnești
| longd = 25 | longm = 20 | longs = | longEW = E
|image_location =
| pushpin_map 1 = Romania Brasov
|image_map = Zarnesti jud Brasov.jpg
| coordinates_display = inline,title
|map_caption = Location in Brașov County
| coordinates_region = RO
|leader_name = Alexandru-Lucian Igrișan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=9 June 2021 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|leader_party = PSD
| subdivision_name = {{ROU}}
|term = 2020&ndash;2024
| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
|coordinates = {{coord|45|34|N|25|20|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
| utc_offset = +2
|elevation = 692
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
|elevation_min =
| utc_offset_DST = +3
|elevation_max =
|image_map=Zarnesti jud Brasov.jpg
|area_total = 204.75
| settlement_type = Town
|area_footnotes =
| subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Romania|County]]|
|population_as_of =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Braşov County]]
|population_total = auto
| subdivision_type2 = [[Subdivisions of Romania|Status]]
|population_footnotes =
| subdivision_name2 = {{Autolink|Town}}
|postal_code = 505800
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|area_code = (+40) 02 68
| leader_name = Dorel Valeriu Bârladeanu
|website = {{URL|http://www.primaria-zarnesti.ro/}}
| leader_party = [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|SDP]]
| area_total_km2 = 204.75
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 21,681
| website = [http://www.zarnesti.net/ Website]
}}
}}


'''Zărnești''' ({{IPA-ro|zərˈneʃtʲ}}; {{lang-de|Molkendorf, Zernescht}}; {{lang-hu|Zernest}}) is a town in [[Braşov County]], [[Transylvania]], [[Romania]], with a population of 21,681. It administers one village, Tohanu Nou (''Újtohán'').
'''Zărnești''' ({{IPA|ro|zərˈneʃtʲ}}; {{langx|de|link=no|Molkendorf, Zernescht}}; {{langx|hu|Zernest}}) is a town in [[Brașov County]], [[Transylvania]], [[Romania]], with a population of 21,624 as of 2021. It administers one village, Tohanu Nou (''Neu-Tohan''; ''Újtohán'').


It is located near the [[Piatra Craiului Mountains]], which are part of the [[Southern Carpathians]] mountains range. Its close proximity to the Piatra Craiului make it a common start point for tourists and hikers wishing to explore "The Piatra Craiului National Park".
The town is located near the [[Piatra Craiului Mountains]], which are part of the [[Southern Carpathians]] mountain range. Its close proximity to these mountains make it a common start point for tourists and hikers wishing to explore the [[Piatra Craiului National Park]].


==History==
==History==
Line 46: Line 42:
|2002 |26520
|2002 |26520
|2011 |21681
|2011 |21681
|2021 |21624
}}
}}


Line 52: Line 49:
Modern day Zărnești developed in the same location as the historic one. The commune of Tohan, which is now part of the town, was first mentioned in the year 1294, and remains among the oldest settlements in Romanian which have kept their name and location unchanged.
Modern day Zărnești developed in the same location as the historic one. The commune of Tohan, which is now part of the town, was first mentioned in the year 1294, and remains among the oldest settlements in Romanian which have kept their name and location unchanged.


In 1690 [[Battle of Zernest]] Ottoman ally [[Imre Thököly]] defeated Habsburg forces, which enabled him to become Prince of [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Transylvania]] for a short time.
In the 1690 [[Battle of Zernest]], Ottoman ally [[Imre Thököly]] (in cooperation with [[Wallachia]]n [[Voivode]] [[Constantin Brâncoveanu]]) defeated Habsburg forces, which enabled him to become [[Prince of Transylvania|Prince]] of [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Transylvania]] for a short time.


Due to the topographical diversity of Zărnești and surrounding area, agriculture became the primary occupation for its residents until not too long ago. Industrialization began sometime in the 1800s, with the construction of the paper manufacturing plant in 1852, then called Celuloza, now called Celohart – EcoPaper"<ref name="fabricadehartie">{{Cite web
In 1951, Zărnești was declared a town, of which Tohanul Vechi (Old Tohan) became a part of. In 1968, the commune of Tohanul Nou (New Tohan) was included in Zărnești proper.
|url = http://www.ecopaper.ro/main_ro.htm
|title = Celohart Zarnesti
|publisher = Celohart Zărnești
|access-date = 24 August 2008
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070521174106/http://www.ecopaper.ro/main_ro.htm
|archive-date = 21 May 2007
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>), and the weapons plant "6 Martie" in 1936. These projects turned Zărnești from a predominantly rural to an [[urban town]].


In December 1939, disaster hit the town as 24 tons of [[chlorine]] gas were spilled, killing 60 people, even at considerable distance from the plant where a storage vessel failed.<ref name="Integrated Regional Risk Assessment, Vol. II">{{Cite book
Due to the topographical diversity of Zărneşti and surrounding area, agriculture became the primary occupation for its residents until not too long ago. Industrialization began sometime in the 1800s, with the construction of the paper [[Factory|manufacturing plant]] in 1852, then called Celuloza, now called Celohart - EcoPaper”<ref name="fabricadehartie">{{Cite web
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NcWfBwAAQBAJ&q=chlorine+zarnesti++accident%29&pg=PT113
| url = http://www.ecopaper.ro/main_ro.htm
| title = Celohart Zarnesti
| title = Integrated Regional Risk Assessment, Vol. II
| isbn = 9789401704816
| publisher = Celohart Zărneşti
| access-date = 27 September 2015| last1 = Gheorghe
| accessdate = 24 August 2008}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>), and the weapons plant "6 Martie" in 1936. These projects turned Zărneşti from a predominantly rural to an [[urban town]].
| first1 = A. V.
| last2 = Nicolet-Monnier
| first2 = M.
| date = 29 June 2013
}}</ref>


The town of Zărneşti developed largely in the communist era, bringing its population to 25,000 people, which contributed to the addition of a few neighborhoods of communist era blocs. After the [Romanian Revolution] of 1989, the plants closed, only to be sold piece by piece to private buyers.
The town of Zărnești developed largely in the [[Socialist Republic of Romania|communist era]], bringing its population to 25,000 people, which contributed to the addition of a few neighborhoods of communist era blocs. In 1951, Zărnești was declared a town, of which Tohanul Vechi (Old Tohan) became a part of. In 1968, the commune of Tohanul Nou (New Tohan) was included in Zărnești proper. After the [[Romanian Revolution]] of 1989, the industrial plants closed, only to be sold piece by piece to private buyers.


Currently, Zărneşti has enjoyed a spike in tourism, relieving some of the pressure of unemployment which followed the revolution.
Currently, Zărnești enjoys a spike in tourism, relieving some of the pressure of unemployment which followed the revolution.


==Name==
==Name==
The [[Romanian language|Romanian name]] "Zărnești" is a derivation from ''[[wiktionary:zârnă|zârnă]]'' ([[Solanum nigrum|Black Nightshade]]<ref>{{DEX|zârnă}}</ref>), a word of substrate (Dacian) origin .
The [[Romanian language|Romanian name]] "Zărnești" is a derivation from ''[[wiktionary:zârnă|zârnă]]'' ([[Solanum nigrum|Black Nightshade]]<ref>{{DEX|zârnă}}</ref>), a word of Slavic origin (from [[Old Church Slavonic]] ''[[wiktionary:зрьно|зрьно]]'', grain) and suffix [[-ești]].


==Notable people==
==Climate==
Zărnești has a warm-summer [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfb'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]).
* [[Rareş Manea]], [[Dimitru Frâncu]] and [[Ionuţ Găliţeanu]], ski mountaineers, born in Zărneşti
* [[Traian Moşoiu]], Romanian World War I-general, born in Tohanul Nou
* [[Ion Monea]], Romanian boxing champion, born in Tohanul Vechi


<div style="width:70%;">
==Photo gallery==
{{Weather box
<gallery>
|location = Zărnești
File:ZarnestiValley.jpg|View of valley of Zărneşti
|metric first = yes
File:Zarnesti.JPG|View of the Piatra Craiului mountains from Zărneşti
|single line = yes
</gallery>
|Jan high C = -0.2
|Feb high C = 1.7
|Mar high C = 6.1
|Apr high C = 12.2
|May high C = 17
|Jun high C = 20.2
|Jul high C = 22.1
|Aug high C = 22.4
|Sep high C = 17.5
|Oct high C = 12.4
|Nov high C = 7.3
|Dec high C = 1.4
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -4.2
|Feb mean C = -2.6
|Mar mean C = 1.6
|Apr mean C = 7.4
|May mean C = 12.6
|Jun mean C = 16.2
|Jul mean C = 18
|Aug mean C = 18
|Sep mean C = 13.2
|Oct mean C = 7.9
|Nov mean C = 3.2
|Dec mean C = -2.3
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -8
|Feb low C = -6.7
|Mar low C = -2.9
|Apr low C = 2.3
|May low C = 7.6
|Jun low C = 11.6
|Jul low C = 13.4
|Aug low C = 13.5
|Sep low C = 9.1
|Oct low C = 3.9
|Nov low C = -0.2
|Dec low C = -5.7
|year low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 45
|Feb precipitation mm = 45
|Mar precipitation mm = 62
|Apr precipitation mm = 94
|May precipitation mm = 135
|Jun precipitation mm = 139
|Jul precipitation mm = 137
|Aug precipitation mm = 118
|Sep precipitation mm = 78
|Oct precipitation mm = 60
|Nov precipitation mm = 53
|Dec precipitation mm = 52
|year precipitation =
|date=May 2021|source=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/romania/brasov/zarnesti-15498/}}
</div>

==Notable people==
* [[Ioan Bran de Lemény]], lawyer, revolutionary, and Transylvania's first Romanian civil servant
* [[Gheorghe Crăciun]], writer and translator
* [[Eduard-Michael Grosu]], professional racing cyclist, born in Zărnești
* [[Alexandru Ilie]], professional footballer
* [[Ioan Mețianu]], cleric of the Romanian Orthodox Church
* [[Traian Moșoiu]], World War I general, born in Tohanul Nou
* [[Ion Monea]], boxing champion, born in Tohanul Vechi


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Photo gallery==
{{Gallery
|File:Prăpăstiile_Zărneștiului.jpg|The cliffs of Zărnești
|File:ZarnestiValley.jpg|The valley of Zărnești
|File:Zarnesti.JPG|View of the [[Piatra Craiului Mountains]] from Zărnești
|File:Zărneşti,_Romania,_May_1994._CFR_Sulzer_no._60_0329-9_with_CFR_double_deck_coaches..jpg|Zărnești railway station
|File:Zarnesti_st_nicholas_church.jpg|Saint Nicholas Church
}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Zărnești}}
{{Commons category|Zărnești}}
* [http://www.zarnesti.info/ Official site]
* [http://www.visitzarnesti.ro/ Official site]
* [http://www.zarnesti.net/en/ English site]
* [http://www.visitzarnesti.ro/en/ English site]


{{Braşov County}}
{{Braşov County}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Zarnesti}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zarnesti}}
[[Category:Zărnești| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Brașov County]]
[[Category:Populated places in Brașov County]]
[[Category:Localities in Transylvania]]
[[Category:Towns in Romania]]
[[Category:Towns in Romania]]
[[Category:Burzenland]]

Latest revision as of 23:17, 23 October 2024

For other uses, see Zărnești (disambiguation).

Zărnești
Town
Town square, Zărnești
Town square, Zărnești
Coat of arms of Zărnești
Coat of arms
Location in Brașov County
Location in Brașov County
Zărnești is located in Romania
Zărnești
Zărnești
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 45°34′N 25°20′E / 45.567°N 25.333°E / 45.567; 25.333
CountryRomania
CountyBrașov
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2024) Alexandru-Lucian Igrișan[1] (PSD)
Area
204.75 km2 (79.05 sq mi)
Elevation
692 m (2,270 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-01)[2]
21,624
 • Density110/km2 (270/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code
505800
Area code(+40) 02 68
Vehicle reg.BV
Websitewww.primaria-zarnesti.ro

Zărnești (Romanian pronunciation: [zərˈneʃtʲ]; German: Molkendorf, Zernescht; Hungarian: Zernest) is a town in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 21,624 as of 2021. It administers one village, Tohanu Nou (Neu-Tohan; Újtohán).

The town is located near the Piatra Craiului Mountains, which are part of the Southern Carpathians mountain range. Its close proximity to these mountains make it a common start point for tourists and hikers wishing to explore the Piatra Craiului National Park.

History

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1956 6,673—    
1966 17,628+164.2%
1977 23,288+32.1%
1992 26,319+13.0%
2002 26,520+0.8%
2011 21,681−18.2%
2021 21,624−0.3%
Source: Census data

During the Roman period, soldiers of the Legio XIII Gemina were buried in the territory that is modern day Zărnești. It is first mentioned in the year 1373 under the name Zârna and also referred to as "possessio regalis Zerne" in 1395. Other names that appeared after 1437 are Zerna, Villa Czerne, and Zernyest.

Modern day Zărnești developed in the same location as the historic one. The commune of Tohan, which is now part of the town, was first mentioned in the year 1294, and remains among the oldest settlements in Romanian which have kept their name and location unchanged.

In the 1690 Battle of Zernest, Ottoman ally Imre Thököly (in cooperation with Wallachian Voivode Constantin Brâncoveanu) defeated Habsburg forces, which enabled him to become Prince of Transylvania for a short time.

Due to the topographical diversity of Zărnești and surrounding area, agriculture became the primary occupation for its residents until not too long ago. Industrialization began sometime in the 1800s, with the construction of the paper manufacturing plant in 1852, then called Celuloza, now called Celohart – EcoPaper"[3]), and the weapons plant "6 Martie" in 1936. These projects turned Zărnești from a predominantly rural to an urban town.

In December 1939, disaster hit the town as 24 tons of chlorine gas were spilled, killing 60 people, even at considerable distance from the plant where a storage vessel failed.[4]

The town of Zărnești developed largely in the communist era, bringing its population to 25,000 people, which contributed to the addition of a few neighborhoods of communist era blocs. In 1951, Zărnești was declared a town, of which Tohanul Vechi (Old Tohan) became a part of. In 1968, the commune of Tohanul Nou (New Tohan) was included in Zărnești proper. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, the industrial plants closed, only to be sold piece by piece to private buyers.

Currently, Zărnești enjoys a spike in tourism, relieving some of the pressure of unemployment which followed the revolution.

Name

[edit]

The Romanian name "Zărnești" is a derivation from zârnă (Black Nightshade[5]), a word of Slavic origin (from Old Church Slavonic зрьно, grain) and suffix -ești.

Climate

[edit]

Zărnești has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

Climate data for Zărnești
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6) 		1.7
(35.1) 		6.1
(43.0) 		12.2
(54.0) 		17
(63) 		20.2
(68.4) 		22.1
(71.8) 		22.4
(72.3) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		7.3
(45.1) 		1.4
(34.5) 		11.7
(53.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		1.6
(34.9) 		7.4
(45.3) 		12.6
(54.7) 		16.2
(61.2) 		18
(64) 		18
(64) 		13.2
(55.8) 		7.9
(46.2) 		3.2
(37.8) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		7.4
(45.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8
(18) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		2.3
(36.1) 		7.6
(45.7) 		11.6
(52.9) 		13.4
(56.1) 		13.5
(56.3) 		9.1
(48.4) 		3.9
(39.0) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		3.2
(37.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 45
(1.8) 		45
(1.8) 		62
(2.4) 		94
(3.7) 		135
(5.3) 		139
(5.5) 		137
(5.4) 		118
(4.6) 		78
(3.1) 		60
(2.4) 		53
(2.1) 		52
(2.0) 		1,018
(40.1)
Source: https://en.climate-data.org/europe/romania/brasov/zarnesti-15498/

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  3. ^ "Celohart Zarnesti". Celohart Zărnești. Archived from the original on 21 May 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2008.
  4. ^ Gheorghe, A. V.; Nicolet-Monnier, M. (29 June 2013). Integrated Regional Risk Assessment, Vol. II. ISBN 9789401704816. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  5. ^ "zârnă". Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române (in Romanian). Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică "Iorgu Iordan", Editura Univers Enciclopedic. 1988.
[edit]
  • The cliffs of Zărnești
    The cliffs of Zărnești
  • The valley of Zărnești
    The valley of Zărnești
  • View of the Piatra Craiului Mountains from Zărnești
    View of the Piatra Craiului Mountains from Zărnești
  • Zărnești railway station
    Zărnești railway station
  • Saint Nicholas Church
    Saint Nicholas Church
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zărnești.
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