Panacea: Difference between revisions

Panacea
Panacea
Goddess of universal remedy;
	Statue of Panacea in the Archaeological Museum of Dion.
Abode	Mount Olympus
Genealogy
Parents	Asclepius and Epione
Siblings	Aceso, Aegle, Aratus, Hygieia, Iaso, Machaon, Podalirius, Telesphoros

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In Greek mythology and religion, Panacea (Greek Πανάκεια, Panakeia), a goddess of universal remedy, was the daughter of Asclepius and Epione.

Mythology

Panacea and her four sisters each performed a facet of Apollo's art:^[1]

Panacea (the goddess of universal health)
Hygieia ("Hygiene", the goddess/personification of health, cleanliness, and sanitation)
Iaso (the goddess of recuperation from illness)
Aceso (the goddess of the healing process)
Aegle (the goddess of radiant good health)

Panacea also had four brothers:

Podaleirus, one of the two kings of Tricca, who was skilled in diagnostics
Machaon, the other king of Tricca, who was a master surgeon (these two took part in the Trojan War until Machaon was killed by Penthesilea, queen of the Amazons)
Telesphoros, who devoted his life to serving Asclepius
Aratus, Panacea's half-brother, a Greek hero and the patron/liberator of Sicyon

However, portrayals of the family were not always consistent; Panacea and her sisters each at times appear as Asclepius' wife instead.^[2]

Panacea may have been an independent goddess before being absorbed into the Asclepius myth.^[1]

Panacea traditionally had a poultice or potion with which she healed the sick.^{[citation needed]} This brought about the concept of the panacea in medicine, a substance with the alleged property of curing all diseases. The term "panacea" has also come into figurative use as meaning "something used to solve all problems".^[3]

The opening of the Hippocratic Oath mentions Panacea:^[4]

Ὄμνυμι Ἀπόλλωνα ἰητρὸν καὶ Ἀσκληπιὸν καὶ Ὑγείαν καὶ Πανάκειαν καὶ θεοὺς πάντας τε καὶ πάσας ἵστορας ποιεύμενος ἐπιτελέα ποιήσειν κατὰ δύναμιν καὶ κρίσιν ἐμὴν ὅρκον τόνδε καὶ ξυγγραφὴν τήνδε.

I swear, calling upon Apollo the physician and Asclepius, Hygeia and Panaceia and all the gods and goddesses as witnesses, that I will fulfill this oath and this contract according to my ability and judgment.

A river in Thrace/Moesia took its name from the goddess, and is still known in modern Bulgaria as the river Zlatna Panega ("Golden Panega", from Greek panakeia).

References

^ ^a ^b Emma J. Edelstein; Ludwig Edelstein (1998). Asclepius: Collection and Interpretation of the Testimonies. pp. 87–89. ISBN 0-8018-5769-4.
^ C. A. Meier (2009). Healing Dream and Ritual: Ancient Incubation and Modern Psychotherapy. Einsiedeln: Daimon Verlag. p. 34. ISBN 978-3-85630-727-1. [...] Asclepius can hardly be thought of without his feminine companions, his wife and daughters. There were Epione (the gentle one), Hygeia, Panacea, Iaso, and others, each of whom was at times wife and at other times daughter.
^ "panacea". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^ Hippocrates of Cos. The Oath. Loeb Classical Library. doi:10.4159/DLCL.hippocrates_cos-oath.1923.

External links

The dictionary definition of panacea at Wiktionary

[edelstein-1] Emma J. Edelstein; Ludwig Edelstein (1998). Asclepius: Collection and Interpretation of the Testimonies. pp. 87–89. ISBN 0-8018-5769-4.

[2] C. A. Meier (2009). Healing Dream and Ritual: Ancient Incubation and Modern Psychotherapy. Einsiedeln: Daimon Verlag. p. 34. ISBN 978-3-85630-727-1. [...] Asclepius can hardly be thought of without his feminine companions, his wife and daughters. There were Epione (the gentle one), Hygeia, Panacea, Iaso, and others, each of whom was at times wife and at other times daughter.

[3] "panacea". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

[4] Hippocrates of Cos. The Oath. Loeb Classical Library. doi:10.4159/DLCL.hippocrates_cos-oath.1923.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{about|the Greek goddess}}{{Short description|Greek goddess of universal health}}
-:''For other uses, see [[Panacea (disambiguation)]].''
+{{Infobox deity
-{{Greek myth (other gods)}}
+| type             = Greek
+| name             = Panacea
+| image            = The children of Asklepios, Panakeia, 2nd c. AD, Archaeological Museum, Dion (7076604419) cropped detail.jpg
+| alt              =
+| caption          = Statue of Panacea in the [[Archaeological Museum of Dion]].
+| deity_of     = {{ubl||Goddess of universal remedy}}
+| abode            = [[Mount Olympus]]
+| symbol           =
+| consort          =
+| parents          = [[Asclepius]] and [[Epione]]
+| siblings         = [[Aceso]], [[Aegle (mythology)|Aegle]], [[Aratus (mythology)|Aratus]], [[Hygieia]], [[Iaso]], [[Machaon (physician)|Machaon]], [[Podalirius]], [[Telesphorus (mythology)|Telesphoros]]
+| children         =
+| mount            =
+| Roman_equivalent =
+}}
+In [[Greek mythology]] and [[Ancient Greek religion|religion]], '''Panacea''' (Greek ''Πανάκεια'', '''Panakeia'''), a [[goddess]] of universal remedy, was the daughter of [[Asclepius]] and [[Epione]].
-In [[Greek Mythology|Greek mythology]], '''Panaceia''', or ''Πανάκεια'' (Latin '''Panacea'''), was the goddess of healing. She was the daughter of Asclepius, god of healing and medicine, and the granddaughter of [[Apollo]], god of healing. She had three sisters, [[Iaso]], [[Aceso]], and [[Aglaea|Aglæa]]/Ægle (the goddess of splendor). Through her father she bore a daughter (and step-sister) named [[Hygeia]]. Together, Panacea, Iaso, and Hygeia helped the sick and diseased to health, as Panacea was the goddess of healing and cures (see etymology), Iaso was the goddess of recovery, and Hygeia was the goddess of welfare and prevention of disease.
+== Mythology ==
-Panacea had four brothers — [[Podilarius|Podaleirus]], one of the two kings of Tricca, who had a flair for diagnostics, and [[Machaon]], the other king of Tricca, who was a master surgeon (these two took part in the Trojan War until Machaon was killed by [[Penthesilea]], queen of the Amazons); [[Telesphoros]], who devoted his life to serving Asclepius; and [[Aratus]], her step-brother, who was a [[Greek heroes|Greek hero]] and the patron/liberator of [[Sicyon]].
+Panacea and her four sisters each performed a facet of [[Apollo]]'s art:<ref name="edelstein">{{Cite book |title= Asclepius: Collection and Interpretation of the Testimonies
+|url= https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0801857694 |isbn= 0-8018-5769-4 |pages= 87–89
+|author=Emma J. Edelstein |author2=Ludwig Edelstein |year = 1998}}</ref>
+* Panacea (the goddess of universal health)
-Panacea was said to have a [[poultice]] or [[potion]] with which she healed the sick. This brought about the concept of the [[Panacea_(medicine)|panacea]].
+* [[Hygieia]] ("Hygiene", the goddess/personification of health, cleanliness, and sanitation)
+* [[Iaso]] (the goddess of recuperation from illness)
+* [[Aceso]] (the goddess of the healing process)
+* [[Aegle (mythology)|Aegle]] (the goddess of radiant good health)
+Panacea also had four brothers:
-== Etymology ==
-*    ''Panacea'' is from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''Panakeia'', from ''panakés'', "all healing"; ''pas'' (neuter ''pan''), "all" (from [[Proto-Indo-European language|Indo-European]] ''*kua-nt-'', a zero-grade extension of ''*keu-'', "large space; vault; hole") + ''akos'', "cure" (perhaps from Indo-European ''*yék-'', "to heal").
+*[[Podalirius| Podaleirus]], one of the two kings of [[Tricca]], who was skilled in [[diagnostics]]
-*    [[Hygeia]] is from Greek ''hugeia'', "health", from Indo-European ''*su-gwiyes-ya'', "living in good condition"; ''*su-'', "well" + ''*gwei-'', "to live".
+* [[Machaon (mythology) |Machaon]], the other king of Tricca, who was a master [[surgeon]] (these two took part in the [[Trojan War]] until Machaon was killed by [[Penthesilea]], queen of the Amazons)
+* [[Telesphorus (mythology)| Telesphoros]], who devoted his life to serving [[Asclepius]]
+* [[Aratus (mythology)|Aratus]], Panacea's half-brother, a Greek [[hero]] and the patron/liberator of [[Sicyon]]
+However, portrayals of the family were not always consistent; Panacea and her sisters each at times appear as Asclepius' wife instead.<ref>{{Cite book |title= Healing Dream and Ritual: Ancient Incubation and Modern Psychotherapy | publisher = Daimon Verlag | location = Einsiedeln
-*    [[Iaso]] is from Greek ''iasthai'', "to cure; to heal".
+| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1700dNEm3-AC | isbn= 978-3-85630-727-1 | page = 34
+| author= C. A. Meier |year= 2009 | quote = [...] Asclepius can hardly be thought of without his feminine companions, his wife and daughters. There were Epione (the gentle one), Hygeia, Panacea, Iaso, and others, each of whom was at times wife and at other times daughter.}}</ref>
+Panacea may have been an independent goddess before being absorbed into the Asclepius myth.<ref name="edelstein"/>
-== Genealogy ==
-<center> '''[[Ophion]]''' + '''[[Chaos (mythology)|Chaos]]'''<center>
+Panacea traditionally had a [[poultice]] or [[potion]] with which she healed the sick.{{citation needed |date= November 2017}} This brought about the concept of the [[Panacea (medicine) |panacea in medicine]], a substance with the alleged property of curing all diseases. The term "panacea" has also come into figurative use as meaning "something used to solve all problems".<ref>{{Cite OED|panacea}}</ref>
-''(The primordeal serpent Ophion sets alight the edges of Chaos, out of which is born Eurynome)''
+The opening of the [[Hippocratic Oath]] mentions Panacea:<ref>{{cite book|title= The Oath
-<center> <span>| </span>
+|publisher= [[Loeb Classical Library]]|author= Hippocrates of Cos|url= https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hippocrates_cos-oath/1923/pb_LCL147.299.xml|doi=10.4159/DLCL.hippocrates_cos-oath.1923}}</ref>
+{{verse translation|lang=grc
+|Ὄμνυμι Ἀπόλλωνα ἰητρὸν καὶ Ἀσκληπιὸν καὶ Ὑγείαν καὶ Πανάκειαν καὶ θεοὺς πάντας τε καὶ πάσας ἵστορας ποιεύμενος ἐπιτελέα ποιήσειν κατὰ δύναμιν καὶ κρίσιν ἐμὴν ὅρκον τόνδε καὶ ξυγγραφὴν τήνδε.
+|I swear, calling upon Apollo the physician and Asclepius, Hygeia and Panaceia and all the gods and goddesses as witnesses, that I will fulfill this oath and this contract according to my ability and judgment.}}
+A river in [[Thrace]]/[[Moesia]] took its name from the goddess, and is still known in modern Bulgaria as the river [[Zlatna Panega (river)| Zlatna Panega]] ("Golden Panega", from Greek ''panakeia'').
-Ophion + '''[[Eurynome]]''' <center>
+== See also ==
-''(Ophion coils around Eurynome, the moon, and she flies away as a white bird, laying six silver eggs)''
+{{portal|Mythology|Ancient Greece}}
+* [[Apollo]]
-<center> <span>| </span>
+* [[Eileithyia]]
+* [[List of health deities]]
+==References==
-'''[[Gaia (mythology)|Gaea]]''' <center>
+{{reflist}}
+== External links ==
-''(Miraculously conceives a child without fertilization)''
+*{{Wiktionary-inline}}
+{{Greek religion}}
-<center> <span>| </span>
+{{Greek mythology (deities)}}
+{{Authority control}}
-'''[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]''' + Gaea
-<span>| </span>
-'''[[Cronus]]''' + '''[[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]'''
-<span>| </span>
-'''[[Zeus]]''' + [[Leto]]
-<span>| </span>
-'''[[Apollo]]''' + [[Coronis]], princess of [[Epidaurus|Epidavrus]] (or [[Arsinoe (mythology)|Arsinoe]], princess of [[Messenia]]) </span>
-<span>| </span>
-'''[[Asclepius]]''' + [[Epione]] (or [[Salus]])
-<span>| </span>
-'''Panacea'''
 [[Category:Greek goddesses]]
+[[Category:Health goddesses]]
+[[Category:Children of Asclepius]]
-[[bg:Панацея]]
-[[da:Panacea]]
-[[de:Panakeia]]
-[[el:Πανάκεια]]
-[[es:Panacea (mitología)]]
-[[fr:Panacée]]
-[[it:Panacea]]
-[[nl:Panacea]]
-[[uk:Панакея]]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
Other	IdRef