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{{Short description|Prussian-Lithuanian teacher, poet, humanist, philosopher and writer}}
{{Expand German|topic=bio|Vydūnas|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{infobox person
⚫
[[File:Vydūnas 1930.jpg|thumb|Vydūnas in 1930]]
|name=Vilius Storostas-Vydūnas
⚫
[[Image:Vydunas - 200 litai.jpg|thumb|Vydunas as featured on 200 [[Lithuanian litas|litas]] banknote (1997 release)]]
|birth_name=Wilhelm Storost
|image=Vydūnas 1930.jpg
|caption=Vydūnas in 1930
|birth_date={{Birth date|1868|03|22|df=y}}
|birth_place= Jonaten, [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
|death_date={{Death date and age|1953|02|20|1868|03|22|df=y}}
|death_place=[[Detmold]], [[West Germany]]
|resting_place=[[Bitėnai]] (reburied 1991)<ref name=purvi2>{{cite encyclopedia |first1=Martynas |last1=Purvinas |title=Vydūnas, Bitėnų kapinės ir Lietuva 1991-aisiais metais |url=http://www.voruta.lt/martynas-purvinas-vydunas-bitenu-kapines-ir-lietuva-1991-aisiais-metais/ |date=24 October 2016 |website=Voruta | language=lt |access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref>


|spouse=Klara Füllhase
'''Wilhelm Storost''', artistic name '''Vilius Storostas-Vydūnas''' (22 March 1868 – 20 February 1953), mostly known as '''Vydūnas''', was a [[Prussian-Lithuanian]]<ref>"Lietuvininkas Vydūnas" {{cite web |url=http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=23 |title=Vydūnas – Mažosios Lietuvos istorikas |year=1993 |author=Dr. Algirdas Matulevičius |accessdate=15 October 2007|language=lt}}</ref> teacher, poet, humanist, philosopher and Lithuanian<ref name=Bagonavicius>{{cite book |last= |first= |editor=Jūrate Baranova et al. |title=Lithuanian philosophy: persons and ideas Lithuanian philosophical studies, ii
⚫
}}
|origyear=2001|url= http://www.crvp.org/book/Series04/IVA-17/contents.htm| accessdate= 7 September 2007 |series=Cultural heritage and contemporary change series iva, Eastern and Central Europe, volume 17
⚫
[[Image:Wilhelm_Storost_(Vilius_Storostas-Vydūnas)_on_200_LTL_banknote.png|thumb|Vydunas as featured on 200 [[Lithuanian litas|litas]] banknote (1997 release)]]
|publisher= Council for Research in Values and philosophy|location= Washington, D.C.|isbn=1-56518-137-9 |chapter=Chapter VII Vydunas: the essential features of his philosophy by Vaclovas Bagdonavičius |chapterurl=http://www.crvp.org/book/Series04/IVA-17/chapter_vii.htm |year= 2000 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Welters | first = Linda | authorlink = | author2 = | title = Folk Dress in Europe and Anatolia: Beliefs About Protection and Fertility | publisher = Berg Publishers | year = 1999 | location = | quote = Lithuanian philosopher Vydunas|url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 1-85973-287-9| page = 214 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | first=Daiva | last=Prof. Kšanienė | author2= | title=Vydūnas | date= 9 October 2003 | publisher= | url =http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=158 | journal =Voruta | pages = | accessdate = 16 October 2007 | language = Lithuanian }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A conversation with Tomas Venclova|journal=Lituanus|year=1979|first=Kazys|last=Bradūnas|authorlink=Kazys Bradūnas|author2=|volume=25|issue=3|pages=|id= |url=http://www.lituanus.org/1979/79_3_05.htm|accessdate=16 October 2007 }}</ref>
⚫
[[Image:Vydūnas plays a harp.jpeg|thumb|Vydūnas playing harp at home]]
⚫
writer and philosopher, a leader of the Prussian Lithuanian national movement in [[Lithuania Minor]], and one of leaders of the [[theosophy|theosophical movement]] in [[East Prussia]].
[[Image:Vydūnas delivers a speech.jpeg|thumb|Vydūnas holding a funeral speech in 1931]]


'''Wilhelm Storost''', artistic name '''Vilius Storostas-Vydūnas''' (22 March 1868 – 20 February 1953), mostly known as '''Vydūnas''', was a [[Prussian-Lithuanian]]<ref>"Lietuvininkas Vydūnas" {{cite web |url=http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=23 |title=Vydūnas – Mažosios Lietuvos istorikas |year=1993 |author=Dr. Algirdas Matulevičius |access-date=15 October 2007 |language=lt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710182730/http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=23 |archive-date=10 July 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> teacher, poet, humanist, philosopher and Lithuanian<ref name=Bagonavicius>{{cite book|editor=Jūrate Baranova|title=Lithuanian philosophy: persons and ideas Lithuanian philosophical studies, ii|orig-year=2001|url=http://www.crvp.org/book/Series04/IVA-17/contents.htm|access-date=7 September 2007|series=Cultural heritage and contemporary change series iva, Eastern and Central Europe, volume 17|publisher=Council for Research in Values and philosophy|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=1-56518-137-9|chapter=Chapter VII Vydunas: the essential features of his philosophy by Vaclovas Bagdonavičius|chapter-url=http://www.crvp.org/book/Series04/IVA-17/chapter_vii.htm|year=2000|display-editors=etal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011758/http://www.crvp.org/book/Series04/IVA-17/contents.htm|archive-date=28 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Welters | first = Linda | title = Folk Dress in Europe and Anatolia: Beliefs About Protection and Fertility | publisher = Berg Publishers | year = 1999 | quote = Lithuanian philosopher Vydunas| isbn = 1-85973-287-9| page = 214 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | first=Daiva | last=Prof. Kšanienė | title=Vydūnas | date=9 October 2003 | url=http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=158 | journal=Voruta | access-date=16 October 2007 | language=lt | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707190625/http://www.mazoji-lietuva.lt/article.php?article=158 | archive-date=7 July 2007 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A conversation with Tomas Venclova|journal=Lituanus|year=1979|first=Kazys|last=Bradūnas|author-link=Kazys Bradūnas|volume=25|issue=3|url=http://www.lituanus.org/1979/79_3_05.htm|access-date=16 October 2007 }}</ref>
⚫
The Storost family was for centuries living in [[East-Prussia]] and Wilhelm was born in the [[East-Prussia]]n village [[Šilutė District Municipality|Jonaten]] ({{lang-lt|Jonaičiai}}), near [[Šilutė|Heydekrug]], in the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]. '''Wilhelm Storost''' was the name on his German passport, while '''Vilimas''' or '''Vilius Storostas'''<!--Storostas su s jis pats vadinosi kaip nustatyta --> was the literature Lithuanian form used by himself, his family, and other Lithuanians. "Vydūnas" was added to his surname as a pseudonym when he was about 40 years old. Storost was married to Klara Füllhase.
⚫
writer, a leader of the Prussian Lithuanian national movement in [[Lithuania Minor]], and one of leaders of the [[Theosophy (Blavatskian)|theosophical movement]] in [[East Prussia]].


==Biography==
⚫
Storost was educated as teacher at the Präparandenanstalt in [[Pillkallen]] (1883–85) and at teacher seminar in [[Ragnit]] (1885–88). From 1888 to 1892 he was a teacher in Kinten (lit. Kintai), when he went to teach at a boys school in [[Tilsit]] until 1912 and taught German, French, English, Lithuanian and sports. In 1912 he left his teaching position in order to take up philosophical studies, which he took at the universities of [[University of Greifswald|Greifswald]], [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|Halle]], [[University of Leipzig|Leipzig]] and [[Humboldt University of Berlin|Berlin]]. 1918/19 he taught Lithuanian at the Seminar for Oriental Languages in Berlin under the director [[Eduard Sachau]]. Back in Tilsit he dedicated himself to reestablishment of Lithuanian Culture, especially folks songs and rural traditions. He directed a choir and wrote songs as well as theater plays. From 1933 on he worked in Memel at the music school.
⚫
The Storost family was a long-established family in [[East Prussia]] and Wilhelm was born in the village of [[Šilutė District Municipality|Jonaten]] ({{langx|lt|Jonaičiai}}), near [[Šilutė|Heydekrug]], in the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]. '''Wilhelm Storost''' was the name on his German passport, while '''Vilimas''' or '''Vilius Storostas'''<!--Storostas su s jis pats vadinosi kaip nustatyta --> was the literature Lithuanian form used by himself, his family, and other Lithuanians. "Vydūnas" was added to his surname as a pseudonym when he was about 40 years old. Storost was married to Klara Füllhase.


⚫
Storost was educated as teacher at the Präparandenanstalt in [[Dobrovolsk|Pillkallen]] (lit. Pilkalnis) (1883–85) and at teacher seminar in [[Ragnit]] (lit. Ragainė) (1885–88). From 1888 to 1892 he was a teacher in Kinten (lit. [[Kintai]]), when he went to teach at a boys school in [[Tilsit]] (lit. Tilžė) until 1912 and taught German, French, English, Lithuanian and sports. In 1912 he left his teaching position in order to take up philosophical studies, which he took at the universities of [[University of Greifswald|Greifswald]], [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|Halle]], [[University of Leipzig|Leipzig]] and [[Humboldt University of Berlin|Berlin]]. 1918/19 he taught Lithuanian at the Seminar for Oriental Languages in Berlin under the director [[Eduard Sachau]]. Back in Tilsit he dedicated himself to reestablishment of Lithuanian Culture, especially folks songs and rural traditions. He directed a choir and wrote songs as well as theater plays. From 1933 on he worked in [[Klaipėda|Memel]] at the music school.
⚫
1932 he wrote a book ''Sieben Hundert Jahren Deutsch-Litauischer Beziehung'' (Seven Hundred Years German Lithuanian relations). His idea of understanding between folks groups did not please the Nazis and in 1933 the book was outlawed. 1938 he was shortly incarcerated, but because of protests released after two months.


⚫
1932 he published the book ''Sieben Hundert Jahren Deutsch-Litauischer Beziehung'' (Seven Hundred Years of German-Lithuanian relations) focusing on German trade, military and religious [[Prussian Crusade|colonization and genocide]] of [[Old Prussians]]. The book did not please the [[Nazis]] and in 1933 was outlawed. 1938 he was shortly incarcerated, but because of protests released after two months.
Together with nearly all of the people of East Prussia he was expelled during Communist take-over and lived in a refugee camp for some time. He died in [[Detmold]], [[West Germany]]. One of his nephews, Juergen Storost, recently explained, that Wilhelm Storost's choice of the pen name Vydunas was, because "he wished everyone everything good".


Together with nearly all of the people of East Prussia he was [[Flight and expulsion of Germans|expelled]] during the Soviet take-over and lived in a refugee camp for some time. He died in [[Detmold]], [[West Germany]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.detmold.de/startseite/news/news-single-view/?tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=693&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail |title=Auf den Spuren von Vydunas| publisher=detmold.de| date=4 April 2018 |language=de}}
⚫
Vydūnas was active in the old Lithuanian pagan religion (see [[Romuva (religion)|Romuva]]). However, he never declared the revival of the pagan religion as either his personal goal or a goal of Lithuanians, remaining a national leader but not a religious one. His moral influence transcended the confines of being a typical political leader or a writer at his time. He was compared by later biographers with national leaders in [[India]] of his time, such as [[Rabindranath Tagore]] or [[Mohandas Gandhi]]. [[Pantheism|Pantheistic]] [[universalism]], not predefined with participating in any obligatory religious practice, was one of the leading ideas of his philosophy, and gained him later fame as a pioneer of both pagan revival and theosophy in [[Lithuania]].
</ref> His grand nephew Jürgen Storost recently explained that Wilhelm Storost's answered his friend [[Viktor Falkenhahn]], that "his use of the pen name Vydūnas was his chosen [[anthroposophic]] mission; that he did not want to be a "pavydūnas", but a "vydūnas" (one who wishes everyone everything good).
⚫
Vydūnas was active in the old Lithuanian religion (see [[Romuva (religion)|Romuva]]). However, he did not declare the revival of the pagan religion as either his personal goal or a goal of Lithuanians, remaining a national leader but not a religious one. His moral influence transcended the confines of being a typical political leader or a writer at his time. He was compared by later biographers with national leaders in [[India]] of his time, such as [[Rabindranath Tagore]] or [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. [[Pantheism|Pantheistic]] [[universalism]], not predefined with participating in any obligatory religious practice, was one of the leading ideas of his philosophy, and gained him later fame as a pioneer of both pagan revival and theosophy in [[Lithuania]].


Vydūnas was an ethical vegetarian, and wrote several essays about his ethical choices.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://animalrights.lt/pasisakymai-vydunas | title = Žymių žmonių pasisakymai apie gyvūnų išnaudojimą | publisher= Animal Rights Lithuania | accessdate=7 December 2008}} ''(in Lithuanian)''</ref>
Vydūnas was an [[ethics of eating meat|ethical vegetarian]] and wrote several essays about his ethical choices.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://animalrights.lt/pasisakymai-vydunas | title = Žymių žmonių pasisakymai apie gyvūnų išnaudojimą | publisher = Animal Rights Lithuania | access-date = 7 December 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090312043159/http://www.animalrights.lt/pasisakymai-vydunas | archive-date = 12 March 2009 | url-status = dead }} ''(in Lithuanian)''</ref>


Vydūnas was considered a candidate for the Nobel Prize by Lithuanian writers association.<ref name=Bagonavicius/><ref>{{cite journal|title=Laisvės ir literatūros hipostazės|journal=Mokslo Lietuva|year=2000 |first=Arvydas|last=Genys|author2=|volume=|issue=4|url=http://ic.lms.lt/ml/206/laisves.htm|accessdate=7 September 2007 }}</ref>
Vydūnas was nominated for the Nobel Prize by the Lithuanian Writers Association.<ref name=Bagonavicius/><ref>{{cite journal|title=Laisvės ir literatūros hipostazės|journal=Mokslo Lietuva|year=2000|first=Arvydas|last=Genys|issue=4|url=http://ic.lms.lt/ml/206/laisves.htm|access-date=7 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225452/http://ic.lms.lt/ml/206/laisves.htm|archive-date=27 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
<div class='references-small'>
::'''In-line:'''
::'''In-line:'''
{{reflist}}
<references/>
::'''General:'''
::'''General:'''
* Ernst Bahr, Kurt Forstreuter, ''Altpreussische Biographie''. Bd. 2.,Lfg. 6. (Steffeck – Vydunas), Elwert: Marburg 1956, p.&nbsp;764
* Ernst Bahr, Kurt Forstreuter, ''Altpreussische Biographie''. Bd. 2., Lfg. 6. (Steffeck – Vydunas), Elwert: Marburg 1956, p.&nbsp;764
* Vydûnas' Vater. ''Zu Herkunft und Elternhaus des bedeutenden preußisch-litauischen Schriftstellers Wilhelm Storost-Vydûnas'', Teil 1. In: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, Band 12, 39. Jahrgang, Heft 3, Verlag Degener: July–September 1991, pp. 385–392.
* Vydûnas' Vater. ''Zu Herkunft und Elternhaus des bedeutenden preußisch-litauischen Schriftstellers Wilhelm Storost-Vydûnas'', Teil 1. In: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, Band 12, 39. Jahrgang, Heft 3, Verlag Degener: July–September 1991, pp.&nbsp;385–392.
* Vydûnas' Vater. ''Zu Herkunft und Elternhaus des bedeutenden preußisch-litauischen Schriftstellers Wilhelm Storost-Vydûnas'', Teil 2. In: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, Band 12, 39. Jahrgang, Heft 4, Verlag Degener: October–December 1991, pp. 427–434. (Family origin of Storost-Vydunas)
* Vydûnas' Vater. ''Zu Herkunft und Elternhaus des bedeutenden preußisch-litauischen Schriftstellers Wilhelm Storost-Vydûnas'', Teil 2. In: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, Band 12, 39. Jahrgang, Heft 4, Verlag Degener: October–December 1991, pp.&nbsp;427–434. (Family origin of Storost-Vydunas)
* J.Storost:''Vydunas in seinen letzten Lebensjahren'', Ostdeutsche Familienkunde – Zeitschrift für Familiengeschichtsforschung, Band XIII – 41. Jg., Verlag Degener 1993, pp.&nbsp;161–169, 193–196. (letters & documents)
* J.Storost:''Vydunas in seinen letzten Lebensjahren'', Ostdeutsche Familienkunde – Zeitschrift für Familiengeschichtsforschung, Band XIII – 41. Jg., Verlag Degener 1993, pp.&nbsp;161–169, 193–196. (letters & documents)
</div>


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.lfcc.lt/kc/kine.htm Kintai Vydūnas Culture Centre]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050210235702/http://www.lfcc.lt/kc/kine.htm Kintai Vydūnas Culture Centre]
* [http://www.vydunieciai.lt/ The site of Vydūnas' society] (in [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426051413/http://www.vydunieciai.lt/ The site of Vydūnas' society] (in [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]])
* [http://www.ismintis.lt/ About Vydūnas (in Lithuanian)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051016041802/http://www.ismintis.lt/ About Vydūnas (in Lithuanian)]
* [http://www.cyberspace.org/~goertz/mlk2.html Last months 1944–1945 in Powarben, East Prussia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050310205255/http://www.cyberspace.org/~goertz/mlk2.html Last months 1944–1945 in Powarben, East Prussia]
* [http://users.foxvalley.net/~goertz/vydun.JPG Vydunas in 1918.]


{{Baltic neopaganism}}
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{{Authority control|VIAF=69057679}}

⚫
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Vydunas
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Lithuanian philosopher
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1868-03-22
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1953-02-20
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vydunas}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vydunas}}
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1868 births]]
Line 57: Line 63:
[[Category:People from Šilutė District Municipality]]
[[Category:People from Šilutė District Municipality]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Prussia]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Prussia]]
⚫
[[Category:Lithuanian philosophers]]
[[Category:Lithuania Minor]]
[[Category:Lithuania Minor]]
[[Category:Lithuanian Theosophists]]
[[Category:Theosophists]]
[[Category:German people of Lithuanian descent]]
[[Category:German people of Lithuanian descent]]
[[Category:20th-century philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century Lithuanian philosophers]]
[[Category:Moral philosophers]]
[[Category:Lithuanian modern pagans]]
⚫
[[Category:Modern pagan philosophers]]
[[Category:Modern pagan poets]]

Latest revision as of 15:24, 11 November 2024

Vilius Storostas-Vydūnas
Vydūnas in 1930
Born
Wilhelm Storost

(1868-03-22)22 March 1868
Jonaten, Kingdom of Prussia
Died20 February 1953(1953-02-20) (aged 84)
Detmold, West Germany
Resting placeBitėnai (reburied 1991)[1]
SpouseKlara Füllhase
Vydunas as featured on 200 litas banknote (1997 release)
Vydūnas playing harp at home
Vydūnas holding a funeral speech in 1931

Wilhelm Storost, artistic name Vilius Storostas-Vydūnas (22 March 1868 – 20 February 1953), mostly known as Vydūnas, was a Prussian-Lithuanian[2] teacher, poet, humanist, philosopher and Lithuanian[3][4][5][6] writer, a leader of the Prussian Lithuanian national movement in Lithuania Minor, and one of leaders of the theosophical movement in East Prussia.

Biography

[edit]

The Storost family was a long-established family in East Prussia and Wilhelm was born in the village of Jonaten (Lithuanian: Jonaičiai), near Heydekrug, in the Kingdom of Prussia. Wilhelm Storost was the name on his German passport, while Vilimas or Vilius Storostas was the literature Lithuanian form used by himself, his family, and other Lithuanians. "Vydūnas" was added to his surname as a pseudonym when he was about 40 years old. Storost was married to Klara Füllhase.

Storost was educated as teacher at the Präparandenanstalt in Pillkallen (lit. Pilkalnis) (1883–85) and at teacher seminar in Ragnit (lit. Ragainė) (1885–88). From 1888 to 1892 he was a teacher in Kinten (lit. Kintai), when he went to teach at a boys school in Tilsit (lit. Tilžė) until 1912 and taught German, French, English, Lithuanian and sports. In 1912 he left his teaching position in order to take up philosophical studies, which he took at the universities of Greifswald, Halle, Leipzig and Berlin. 1918/19 he taught Lithuanian at the Seminar for Oriental Languages in Berlin under the director Eduard Sachau. Back in Tilsit he dedicated himself to reestablishment of Lithuanian Culture, especially folks songs and rural traditions. He directed a choir and wrote songs as well as theater plays. From 1933 on he worked in Memel at the music school.

1932 he published the book Sieben Hundert Jahren Deutsch-Litauischer Beziehung (Seven Hundred Years of German-Lithuanian relations) focusing on German trade, military and religious colonization and genocide of Old Prussians. The book did not please the Nazis and in 1933 was outlawed. 1938 he was shortly incarcerated, but because of protests released after two months.

Together with nearly all of the people of East Prussia he was expelled during the Soviet take-over and lived in a refugee camp for some time. He died in Detmold, West Germany.[7] His grand nephew Jürgen Storost recently explained that Wilhelm Storost's answered his friend Viktor Falkenhahn, that "his use of the pen name Vydūnas was his chosen anthroposophic mission; that he did not want to be a "pavydūnas", but a "vydūnas" (one who wishes everyone everything good).

Vydūnas was active in the old Lithuanian religion (see Romuva). However, he did not declare the revival of the pagan religion as either his personal goal or a goal of Lithuanians, remaining a national leader but not a religious one. His moral influence transcended the confines of being a typical political leader or a writer at his time. He was compared by later biographers with national leaders in India of his time, such as Rabindranath Tagore or Mahatma Gandhi. Pantheistic universalism, not predefined with participating in any obligatory religious practice, was one of the leading ideas of his philosophy, and gained him later fame as a pioneer of both pagan revival and theosophy in Lithuania.

Vydūnas was an ethical vegetarian and wrote several essays about his ethical choices.[8]

Vydūnas was nominated for the Nobel Prize by the Lithuanian Writers Association.[3][9]

References

[edit]
In-line:
  1. ^ Purvinas, Martynas (24 October 2016). Vydūnas, Bitėnų kapinės ir Lietuva 1991-aisiais metais (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 August 2019. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |website= ignored (help)
  2. ^ "Lietuvininkas Vydūnas" Dr. Algirdas Matulevičius (1993). "Vydūnas – Mažosios Lietuvos istorikas" (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 10 July 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  3. ^ a b Jūrate Baranova; et al., eds. (2000) [2001]. "Chapter VII Vydunas: the essential features of his philosophy by Vaclovas Bagdonavičius". Lithuanian philosophy: persons and ideas Lithuanian philosophical studies, ii. Cultural heritage and contemporary change series iva, Eastern and Central Europe, volume 17. Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and philosophy. ISBN 1-56518-137-9. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  4. ^ Welters, Linda (1999). Folk Dress in Europe and Anatolia: Beliefs About Protection and Fertility. Berg Publishers. p. 214. ISBN 1-85973-287-9. Lithuanian philosopher Vydunas
  5. ^ Prof. Kšanienė, Daiva (9 October 2003). "Vydūnas". Voruta (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 7 July 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  6. ^ Bradūnas, Kazys (1979). "A conversation with Tomas Venclova". Lituanus. 25 (3). Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  7. ^ "Auf den Spuren von Vydunas" (in German). detmold.de. 4 April 2018.
  8. ^ "Žymių žmonių pasisakymai apie gyvūnų išnaudojimą". Animal Rights Lithuania. Archived from the original on 12 March 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2008. (in Lithuanian)
  9. ^ Genys, Arvydas (2000). "Laisvės ir literatūros hipostazės". Mokslo Lietuva (4). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
General:
  • Ernst Bahr, Kurt Forstreuter, Altpreussische Biographie. Bd. 2., Lfg. 6. (Steffeck – Vydunas), Elwert: Marburg 1956, p. 764
  • Vydûnas' Vater. Zu Herkunft und Elternhaus des bedeutenden preußisch-litauischen Schriftstellers Wilhelm Storost-Vydûnas, Teil 1. In: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, Band 12, 39. Jahrgang, Heft 3, Verlag Degener: July–September 1991, pp. 385–392.
  • Vydûnas' Vater. Zu Herkunft und Elternhaus des bedeutenden preußisch-litauischen Schriftstellers Wilhelm Storost-Vydûnas, Teil 2. In: Ostdeutsche Familienkunde, Band 12, 39. Jahrgang, Heft 4, Verlag Degener: October–December 1991, pp. 427–434. (Family origin of Storost-Vydunas)
  • J.Storost:Vydunas in seinen letzten Lebensjahren, Ostdeutsche Familienkunde – Zeitschrift für Familiengeschichtsforschung, Band XIII – 41. Jg., Verlag Degener 1993, pp. 161–169, 193–196. (letters & documents)
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