Antigenes (general): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Ancient Macedonian general}} |
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'''Antigenes''' (in {{lang-el|Aντιγένης}}; died 316 BC) was a general of [[Alexander the Great]], who also served under [[Philip II of Macedon]], and lost an eye at the siege of [[Perinthus]] (340 BC). After the death of Alexander (323 BC) he obtained the [[satrap]]y of [[Elam|Susiana]]. He was one of the commanders of the [[Argyraspides]] and espoused with his troops the side of [[Eumenes]]. On the defeat of the latter in 316 BC, Antigenes fell into the hands of his enemy [[Antigonus I Monophthalmus|Antigonus]], and was burnt alive by him:{{r|plut1_70_plut2_13_phot_92_diod_18.62_19.12_44}} |
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{{Infobox military person |
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:"Now that Antigonus had unexpectedly mastered Eumenes and all the army that had been opposing him, he seized Antigenes, the commander of the Silver Shields, put him into a pit, and burned him alive." Diodorus Siculus, XIX-44 |
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|commands = [[Argyraspides]] |
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'''Antigenes''' ({{langx|grc|Ἀντιγένης}}; died 316 BC) served as an officer under [[Philip II of Macedon]] and continued his service, rising to the rank of general, under [[Alexander the Great]]. He was a commander of the [[Argyraspides]], or Silver Shields.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Heckel |first=Waldemar |title=Alexander's Marshals: A Study of the Makedonian Aristocracy and the Politics of Military Leadership |publisher=Routledge |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-38921-7 |location=Oxon |language=en}}</ref> |
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Antigenes had uncertain origins, but he is said to have been born sometime in 380, possibly in [[Pella]] or Pallene.<ref name=":0" /> He was noted for his bravery in battle, but according to an account by [[Plutarch]], he was a slave to pleasure and vice.<ref name=":0" /> In 331, he came second in a contest of bravery and was promoted as a [[chiliarch]] of the Silver Shields and in command of 1,000 [[hypaspists]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roisman |first=Joseph |title=Alexander's Veterans and the Early Wars of the Successors |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-292-74288-8 |location=Austin |pages=181 |language=en}}</ref> |
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Antigenes was shot in the face during a battle and lost an eye. He is said to have fought on, with the arrow still lodged in his face, until the battle was won.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Holt |first=Frank L. |title=The Treasures of Alexander the Great: How One Man's Wealth Shaped the World |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-995097-3 |location=New York, NY |pages=126 |language=en}}</ref> Plutarch provides several unflattering accounts, including claims that Antigenes fraudulently requested sick leave during Alexander’s campaign in order to return to his wife Telesippa, and subsequently attempted to defraud Alexander during the payment of veteran soldiers' debts at [[Susa]].<ref name=":0" /> Antigenes used the testimony of a false witness to put himself on the debtors' list, and was relieved of his command after the fraud was discovered; Alexander pardoned him to prevent him from killing himself.<ref name=":1" /> |
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After the death of Alexander in 323 he obtained the [[satrap]]y of [[Elam|Susiana]], taking over from the temporary rule of [[Peucestas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tarn |first=W. W. |title=Alexander the Great: Volume 2, Sources and Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-521-22585-X |location=London |pages=311 |language=en}}</ref> He was one of the commanders of the Argyraspides and, with his troops, took the side of [[Eumenes]]. On the defeat of Eumenes in 316, Antigenes fell into the hands of his enemy [[Antigonus I Monophthalmus]], who had him [[Death by burning|burnt alive]] in a pit. Antigenes was executed in this particularly cruel manner because of his Silver Shields' exceptional performance against Antigonus' infantry during the [[Second War of the Diadochi]].{{r|plut1_70_plut2_13_phot_92_diod_18.62_19.12_44}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist|refs= |
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<ref name=plut1_70_plut2_13_phot_92_diod_18.62_19.12_44> [[Plutarch]], ''[[Parallel Lives]]'', "Alexander", [ |
<ref name=plut1_70_plut2_13_phot_92_diod_18.62_19.12_44> [[Plutarch]], ''[[Parallel Lives]]'', "Alexander", [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plut.+Caes.+70.1 70], "Eumenes", [http://www.attalus.org/old/eumenes.html#13 13]; [[Photius I of Constantinople|Photius]], ''Bibliotheca'', [http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/photius_03bibliotheca.htm cod. 92]; [[Diodorus Siculus]], ''Bibliotheca'', xviii. 62, xix. 12, 44 </ref> |
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{{SmithDGRBM|title = Antigenes(1)}} |
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{{Alexander's Generals}} |
{{Alexander's Generals}} |
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{{Hellenistic satraps}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Ancient Macedonian general |
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[[Category:Generals of Philip II of Macedon]] |
[[Category:Generals of Philip II of Macedon]] |
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[[Category:4th-century BC Macedonians]] |
[[Category:4th-century BC Macedonians]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:One-eyed people]] |
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[[Category:Greek people with disabilities]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:41, 29 October 2024
Antigenes | |
|---|---|
| Allegiance | Macedonia |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Argyraspides |
Antigenes (Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγένης; died 316 BC) served as an officer under Philip II of Macedon and continued his service, rising to the rank of general, under Alexander the Great. He was a commander of the Argyraspides, or Silver Shields.[1]
Antigenes had uncertain origins, but he is said to have been born sometime in 380, possibly in Pella or Pallene.[1] He was noted for his bravery in battle, but according to an account by Plutarch, he was a slave to pleasure and vice.[1] In 331, he came second in a contest of bravery and was promoted as a chiliarch of the Silver Shields and in command of 1,000 hypaspists.[2]
Antigenes was shot in the face during a battle and lost an eye. He is said to have fought on, with the arrow still lodged in his face, until the battle was won.[3] Plutarch provides several unflattering accounts, including claims that Antigenes fraudulently requested sick leave during Alexander’s campaign in order to return to his wife Telesippa, and subsequently attempted to defraud Alexander during the payment of veteran soldiers' debts at Susa.[1] Antigenes used the testimony of a false witness to put himself on the debtors' list, and was relieved of his command after the fraud was discovered; Alexander pardoned him to prevent him from killing himself.[3]
After the death of Alexander in 323 he obtained the satrapy of Susiana, taking over from the temporary rule of Peucestas.[4] He was one of the commanders of the Argyraspides and, with his troops, took the side of Eumenes. On the defeat of Eumenes in 316, Antigenes fell into the hands of his enemy Antigonus I Monophthalmus, who had him burnt alive in a pit. Antigenes was executed in this particularly cruel manner because of his Silver Shields' exceptional performance against Antigonus' infantry during the Second War of the Diadochi.[5]
References
[edit]- Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Antigenes (1)", Boston, (1867)
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d Heckel, Waldemar (2016). Alexander's Marshals: A Study of the Makedonian Aristocracy and the Politics of Military Leadership. Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-38921-7.
- ^ Roisman, Joseph (2012). Alexander's Veterans and the Early Wars of the Successors. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-292-74288-8.
- ^ a b Holt, Frank L. (2016). The Treasures of Alexander the Great: How One Man's Wealth Shaped the World. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-19-995097-3.
- ^ Tarn, W. W. (2003). Alexander the Great: Volume 2, Sources and Studies. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 311. ISBN 0-521-22585-X.
- ^ Plutarch, Parallel Lives, "Alexander", 70, "Eumenes", 13; Photius, Bibliotheca, cod. 92; Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca, xviii. 62, xix. 12, 44
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Antigenes(1)". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
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