Comfort zone: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Psychological state}} |
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{{about|the psychological meaning|other uses| |
{{about|the psychological meaning|other uses|Comfort zone (disambiguation)}} |
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The '''comfort zone''' is a state within which a person feels at ease, familiar, in control, and experiences low [[anxiety]]. A person in this state uses a limited set of behaviors to deliver a steady level of performance, usually without a sense of [[risk]].<ref>[[Alasdair A. K. White]] "From Comfort Zone to Performance Management" [http://www.whiteandmaclean.eu/from-comfort-zone-to-performance-management/]</ref> |
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[[File:Comfort_zone.jpg|thumb|A Venn diagram of Comfort zone outside of which the optimal performance zone is present. Danger zone is marked in red.]] |
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<span lang="hy" dir="ltr">A</span> '''comfort zone''' is a familiar [[mental state|psychological state]] where people are at ease and (perceive they are) in [[Control (psychology)|control]] of their environment, experiencing low levels of [[anxiety]] and [[stress (psychological)|stress]]. |
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Judith Bardwick defines the term as "a behavioral state where a person operates in an anxiety-neutral position."<ref name="Bardwick1995">{{cite book|first=Judith M. |last=Bardwick|title=Danger in the Comfort Zone: From Boardroom to Mailroom--how to Break the Entitlement Habit That's Killing American Business|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=rrJ_Ohzzm7oC}}|year=1995|publisher=AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn|isbn=978-0-8144-7886-8}}</ref> [[Brené Brown]] describes it as "Where our uncertainty, scarcity and vulnerability are minimized—where we believe we'll have access to enough love, food, talent, time, admiration. Where we feel we have some control."<ref name="NYT 2011">{{cite news|last1=Tugend|first1=Alina| title=Tiptoeing Out of One's Comfort Zone (and of Course, Back In)|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/12/your-money/12shortcuts.html|accessdate=11 December 2014|date=11 February 2011}}</ref> |
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==Performance management== |
==Performance management== |
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To step out of the comfort zone raises the anxiety level engendering a stress response, the result of which,if well managed, is an enhanced level of concentration and focus. White (2009) refers to this as the "optimal performance zone" - a zone in which the performance of a person can be enhanced and in which their skills can be optimized. However, White (2009) also observes that if the work of [[Robert Yerkes]] (1907) is considered in which he reported," Anxiety improves performance until a certain optimum level of arousal has been reached. Beyond that point, performance deteriorates as higher levels of anxiety are attained," if a person steps beyond the optimum performance zone they enter a "danger zone" in which performance tends to decline rapidly as higher levels of anxiety or discomfort occur; but we should note that it is not that frequent to enter in the "danger zone" and the fear of entering into the "danger zone" should not be a reason for young people to fail in trying their very best in achieving their goals. |
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Alasdair White refers to the "optimal performance zone", in which performance can be enhanced by some amount of stress.<ref name="White2009">{{cite book|first=Alasdair |last=White|title=From Comfort Zone to Performance Management: Understanding Development and Performance|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=H4R3MAEACAAJ}}|date=1 December 2009|publisher=White & MacLean Publishing|isbn=978-2-930583-01-3}}</ref> Beyond the optimum performance zone, lies the "danger zone" in which performance declines rapidly under the influence of greater anxiety. |
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In terms of performance management or development, the objective of the trainer or manager is to cause the person to enter the optimum performance zone for a sufficient period of time so that new skills and performance can be achieved and become embedded.And it is very necessary and useful for the learner also to try his or her best to move into the "optimum performance zone". The same reasoning is used with goal setting: change the anxiety level and the performance will change(more reasonable anxiety will give more results and achevements). (However, in performance terms, the term "incentive" is used to describe the process of changing the anxiety level - an incentive being anything that causes a change in behavior.) |
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However, stress in general can have an adverse effect on decision making: fewer alternatives are tried out<ref name=":0">Staal, Mark A. [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060017835 "Stress, cognition, and human performance: A literature review and conceptual framework."] (2004), NASA/TM-2004-212824, IH-054</ref> and more familiar strategies are used, even if they are not helpful anymore.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Other implications== |
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{{copy edit|section|date=December 2014}} |
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{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2014}} |
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An example of stepping out of one's comfort zone would be leaving an old job for a new one. The comfort and security of the old job provided the comfort zone, but the decision to leave and start anew elsewhere indicates leaving the comfort zone. |
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Optimal [[performance management]] requires maximizing time in the optimal performance zone. The main target should be expanding the comfort zone and optimal performance zone. |
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A comfort zone may result when someone is content with operating within a certain behavior zone, for example, [[self-image]]. Self-image provides a behavioral comfort zone by developing a series of guidelines by which the person will act due to their self image. |
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Forms of self-image include : |
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# self-image resulting from how the individual sees himself or herself, |
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# self-image resulting from how others see the individual; this self-image should not be critical to the individual more than the first. |
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# self-image resulting from how the individual perceives others see him or her. This self-image may be bad in sense that the individual's judgment on how people see him or her is most of the time not right nor true. |
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All these types of perception of self-image are not necessarily congruent with reality, nor are they the only ways self-image is created. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Flow (psychology)]] |
* [[Flow (psychology)]] |
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* [[Personal boundaries]] |
* [[Personal boundaries]] |
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* [[Yerkes–Dodson law]] |
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== |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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===Sources=== |
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* {{cite journal |url=https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/992/Brown%20...?sequence=1 |format=pdf |last=Brown |first=M. |year=2008 |title=Comfort zone: Model or metaphor? |journal=Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=3-12}} |
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== References == |
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* {{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nona-Kiknadze/publication/352065258_Comfort_zone_orientation_Individual_differences_in_the_motivation_to_move_beyond_one's_comfort_zone/links/60b80ca892851c209d5e4a7d/Comfort-zone-orientation-Individual-differences-in-the-motivation-to-move-beyond-ones-comfort-zone.pdf |format=pdf |author1=Kiknadze, N.C. |author2=Leary, M.R. |year=2021 |title=Comfort zone orientation: Individual differences in the motivation to move beyond one's comfort zone |journal=Personality and Individual Differences |volume=181 |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |doi=10.1016/j.paid.2021.111024}} |
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* Bardwick, Judith. Danger in the Comfort Zone: How to Break the Entitlement Habit that's Killing American Business. New York: American Management Association, 1995. ISBN 0-8144-7886-7. |
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* {{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mickey-Toftkjaer-Kongerslev/publication/330545816_Battles_of_the_Comfort_Zone_Modelling_Therapeutic_Strategy_Alliance_and_Epistemic_Trust-A_Qualitative_Study_of_Mentalization-Based_Therapy_for_Borderline_Personality_Disorder/links/5c477fed458515a4c739c148/Battles-of-the-Comfort-Zone-Modelling-Therapeutic-Strategy-Alliance-and-Epistemic-Trust-A-Qualitative-Study-of-Mentalization-Based-Therapy-for-Borderline-Personality-Disorder.pdf |format=pdf |author1=Folmo, E.J. |author2=Karterud, S.W. |author3=Kongerslev, M.T. |author4=Kvarstein, E.H. |author5=Stänicke, E. |year=2019 |title=Battles of the comfort zone: modelling therapeutic strategy, alliance, and epistemic trust—a qualitative study of mentalization-based therapy for borderline personality disorder |journal=Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=141-151}} |
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* White, Alasdair A. K. "From Comfort Zone to Performance Management" White & MacLean Publishing 2009. ISBN 978-2-930583-01-3. [http://www.whiteandmaclean.eu/from-comfort-zone-to-performance-management/] |
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* {{cite journal |url=https://ajba.um.edu.my/index.php/PEMIMPIN/article/download/20768/10600 |format=pdf |author1=Suppiah, H. |author2=Govind, S.K.P. |year=2018 |title=Transforming Leadership Performance-Breaking Comfort-Zone Barriers |journal=Educational Leader (PEMIMPIN PENDIDIKAN) |volume=6 |pages=64-89}} |
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* Yerkes, R & Dodson, J. - "The Dancing Mouse, A Study in Animal Behavior" 1907 "Journal of Comparative Neurology & Psychology", Number 18, pp 459–482 |
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[[Category:Personality]] |
[[Category:Personality]] |
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[[Category:Sociological theories]] |
[[Category:Sociological theories]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:30, 17 September 2024
A comfort zone is a familiar psychological state where people are at ease and (perceive they are) in control of their environment, experiencing low levels of anxiety and stress.
Judith Bardwick defines the term as "a behavioral state where a person operates in an anxiety-neutral position."[1] Brené Brown describes it as "Where our uncertainty, scarcity and vulnerability are minimized—where we believe we'll have access to enough love, food, talent, time, admiration. Where we feel we have some control."[2]
Performance management
[edit]Alasdair White refers to the "optimal performance zone", in which performance can be enhanced by some amount of stress.[3] Beyond the optimum performance zone, lies the "danger zone" in which performance declines rapidly under the influence of greater anxiety.
However, stress in general can have an adverse effect on decision making: fewer alternatives are tried out[4] and more familiar strategies are used, even if they are not helpful anymore.[4]
Optimal performance management requires maximizing time in the optimal performance zone. The main target should be expanding the comfort zone and optimal performance zone.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Bardwick, Judith M. (1995). Danger in the Comfort Zone: From Boardroom to Mailroom--how to Break the Entitlement Habit That's Killing American Business. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. ISBN 978-0-8144-7886-8.
- ^ Tugend, Alina (11 February 2011). "Tiptoeing Out of One's Comfort Zone (and of Course, Back In)". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ White, Alasdair (1 December 2009). From Comfort Zone to Performance Management: Understanding Development and Performance. White & MacLean Publishing. ISBN 978-2-930583-01-3.
- ^ a b Staal, Mark A. "Stress, cognition, and human performance: A literature review and conceptual framework." (2004), NASA/TM-2004-212824, IH-054
Sources
[edit]- Brown, M. (2008). "Comfort zone: Model or metaphor?" (pdf). Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education. 12 (1): 3–12.
- Kiknadze, N.C.; Leary, M.R. (2021). "Comfort zone orientation: Individual differences in the motivation to move beyond one's comfort zone" (pdf). Personality and Individual Differences. 181. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111024.
- Folmo, E.J.; Karterud, S.W.; Kongerslev, M.T.; Kvarstein, E.H.; Stänicke, E. (2019). "Battles of the comfort zone: modelling therapeutic strategy, alliance, and epistemic trust—a qualitative study of mentalization-based therapy for borderline personality disorder" (pdf). Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. 49 (3): 141–151.
- Suppiah, H.; Govind, S.K.P. (2018). "Transforming Leadership Performance-Breaking Comfort-Zone Barriers" (pdf). Educational Leader (PEMIMPIN PENDIDIKAN). 6: 64–89.