Al-Hussein Mosque: Difference between revisions

Al-Hussein Mosque
Al-Hussein Mosque
مسجد الإمام ٱلحُسين
Religion
Affiliation	Sunni Islam
Year consecrated	Original: 1154 Reconstructed: 1874
Location
Location	Cairo, Egypt
	Shown within Egypt
Geographic coordinates	30°2′52″N 31°15′47″E / 30.04778°N 31.26306°E
Architecture
Type	mosque
Style	Gothic Revival; Ottoman; Islamic eclecticism;
Founder	Isma'il Pasha

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The al-Hussein Mosque^[1]^[2] or al-Husayn Mosque,^[3]^[4] also known as the Mosque of al-Imam al-Husayn^[4] (Arabic: مسجد الإمام ٱلحُسين) and the Mosque of Sayyidna al-Husayn,^[5]^[6] is a mosque and mausoleum of Husayn ibn Ali, originally built in 1154, and then later reconstructed in 1874.^[7] The mosque is located in Cairo, Egypt, near the Khan El-Khalili bazaar, near-by the famous Al Azhar Mosque, in an area known as Al-Hussain.^[7] It is considered to be one of the holiest Islamic sites in Egypt.^[4] Some Shias believe that Husayn's head (ra's mubarak) is buried on the grounds of the mosque where a mausoleum is located today and considered to be what is left of the Fatimid architecture in the building, while some Ismaili sect of Shiites disagree with this.^[4]^{[clarification needed]}

History

Fatimid period

According to Fatimid tradition, in the year 985, the fifth Fatimid caliph, al-Aziz Billah, traced the site of his great-grandfather's head through the office of a contemporary in Baghdad. It remained buried in the Shrine of Husayn's Head in Palestine, for about 250 years, until 1153.^[8]^{: 184–186} It was "rediscovered" in 1091 at a time when Badr al-Jamali, the vizier and de facto regent under Caliph al-Mustansir, had just reconquered the region for the Fatimid Caliphate. Upon discovery, he ordered the construction of a new Friday mosque and mashhad (memorial shrine) on the site.^[9]

Due to the advance of the Crusaders, Caliph al-Zafir ordered the transfer of the head to Cairo. Husayn's casket was unearthed and moved from Ashkelon to Cairo on Sunday 8 Jumada al-Thani, 548 (31 August 1153).^[8]^{: 192–193}

Hadith inscribed at Al-Hussein Mosque.

Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim
Blessings of God and peace be on our Master Muhammad and his kin.
The messenger of God, peace be upon him, said:
Husayn is of me, and I'm from him.
He who loves Husayn shall be loved by God.
Husayn is one of my branches.
"The messenger of God surely spoke the truth"
This Hadith is hasan sahīh.
Related by Imam Bukhari in his work Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, Imam Tirmidhi in his Sunan and Imam Ahmad in his Musnad. From the Hadith of Ya'lā bin Murra (may God be pleased with him).

According to historians al-Maqrizi,^{[citation needed]} Ahmad al-Qalqashandi,^{[citation needed]} and Ibn Muyassar,^{[citation needed]} the casket reached Cairo on Tuesday 10 Jumada al-Thani (2 September 1153). Taken by boat to the Kafuri (Garden), the casket was buried there in a place called Qubbat al-Daylam or Turbat al Zafr'an (currently known as al-Mashhad al-Hussaini or B'ab Mukhallaf'at al-Rasul).^{[citation needed]} All Fatimid Imam-Caliphs, from Abdullah Al Mahdi to Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah, were buried at Turbah al-Zafaran,^[10] in the vicinity of the mosque and of the main Fatimid Palaces.^[11]

The vizier Tala'i ibn Ruzzik subsequently intended for the head to be moved to a new mosque and shrine he purposely built in 1160 (the Mosque of al-Salih Tala'i, south of Bab Zuwayla), but this transfer never occurred.^[12]^: 124^[13]

Ayyubid period

The building was reconstructed under the Ayyubids in 1237 and was burned down 11 years later. The Ayyubid minaret above the Bal al-Akhdar gate is the only part of the Ayyubid mosque that survives today.^[14]

Regarding one of the "custodians" who brought Husayn's casket to Cairo, the famous Mamluk historian of Egypt, Mohiyuddin Abd al-Zahir, wrote:^[15]^[16]

"When Salahuddin came to power he seized all the Palaces of the Aimmat Fatemiyeen and looted their properties and treasures. He destroyed the valuable and rare collection of hundreds of thousands of books available in libraries, along the river Nile. When he learned through his intelligence agents that one of the custodians of Raas al Imam al Husain was highly respected by the people of the city of Qahera, he surmised that perhaps he would be aware of the treasures of the Aimmat Fatemiyeen. Salahuddin issued orders to present him in his court. He inquired of him the whereabouts of the Fatemi treasures. The nobleman flatly denied any knowledge of the treasures. Salahuddin was angered, and ordered his intelligence agents to ask him through 'third-degree-torture', but the nobleman bore the torture and repeated his previous statement that he knew nothing of any treasures. Salahuddin ordered his soldiers to put a cap containing centipedes on the head of the nobleman, such a type of punishment was so severe and unbearable that none could survive even for a few minutes.

"Prior to putting the Cap of Centipedes on the head, his hair was shaved, to make it easy for the centipedes to suck blood, which in turn made holes in [his] skull. In spite of that punishment the noble custodian of Husain's Head felt no pain at all. Salahuddin ordered more centipedes to be put on the nobleman's head, but it could not kill or pain him. Finally, Salahuddin Ayyubi ordered for a tight cap full of centipedes to accomplish the result. Even this method could not torture or kill him. The Ayyubid brutes were greatly astounded further when they saw, on removing the cap, the centipedes were dead. Salahuddin asked the nobleman to reveal the secret of this miracle. The nobleman revealed as follow[s]: When Raas al Imam al Husain was brought to Qasar, Al Moizziyat al Qahera, he had carried the casket on his head. 'O Salahuddin! This is the secret of my safety.'"^{[excessive quote]}

Recent history

To mark the site of burial, known as Ra's al-Husayn (Arabic: رَأس ٱلحُسَين) or Mashhad Ra's al-Husayn, Taher Saifuddin had a zarih built in Mumbai,^[17]^[18] which was later installed at the mosque in 1965 just before his death. It was subsequently inaugurated by his son, Mohammed Burhanuddin.^{[citation needed]}

According to tradition: The zarih was originally meant for Al Abbas Mosque, in Karbala, Iraq but could not be installed there: The location and the zarih had previously been measured precisely, but it simply didn't fit. Taher Saifuddin, the maker of the zarih, received divine guidance by way of intuition that out of loyalty, Al-Abbas ibn Ali—who was martyred along with his step brother, Husayn, at the Battle of Karbala—could not allow Ra's al-Husayn be without a zarih. As a consequence, Al-Abbas' zarih was flown to Cairo and installed at Ra's al-Husayn at the Al-Hussein mosque, instead.^[19]

The Mosque was severely damaged by water and was restored by the Supreme Council of Antiquities in 1996. Major restoration was done to the tomb chamber, during which a replacement dome made of steel was placed over it.^[14]

There were further extensive renovations done in March 2022 which included a new shrine. The mosque was then inaugurated by President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi and 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq of Dawoodi Bohras, Mufaddal Saifuddin in April 2022.^[20]

Architecture

Left: One of three canopy umbrellas placed in the courtyard of the mosque. Right: Gothic-style windows and Ottoman minaret.

The building of the mausoleum was completed in 1154.^[4] Of this original Fatimid architectural structure, only the lower part of the south side gate called Bab Al-Akhdar remains original in the mosque today.^[7] A couple years later, a minaret was added to the original Fatimid gateway by the Ayyubids in 1237.^[7] The minaret has panel carvings of overlapping lines that create patterns called arabesque popular in Islamic Architecture.^[7] The different minarets among this mosque play a role in portraying the various powers that ruled Cairo and the way they laminated their power through architecture.^[21] Finally in 1874, Isma'il Pasha (Khedive Isma'il) reconstructed Al-Hussein mosque inspired by the Gothic Revival Architecture.^[22] Wanting to modernize Cairo, Isma'il Pasha created a mosque with Italian Gothic style and Ottoman style minarets.^[7] This mixture of various architectural styles famous in Islamic architecture during the khedival time period is called Islamic eclecticism.^[7]

Today, the latest addition to Al-Hussein Mosque are three large canopy umbrellas.^[23] It was added to protect those praying outdoors from the sun during the summer days and from the rain during the winter.^[23] They are mechanically operated and follow the designs of those at many Saudi Arabian mosques made from steel and teflon.^[23] Many people still come to this mosque to pray and visit the mausoleum on a normal basis.^[7] Although non-Muslims are not allowed into the building, the structure is still viewed from the outside by tourists.^[7]

Bab al-Mukhallafat al-Nabawiyya al-Sharifa

Next to Ras al-Husayn is a crypt, housing artifacts believed to belong to Muhammad.^[24]^[25] A door laden with silver and gold was built by Mohammed Burhanuddin II and installed at the site in 1986.^[26]^: 134

The room was added to the mosque in 1893. The room contains a piece of cloth believed to be part of a linen cloak once worn by the prophet, a lantern with four strands of the prophet's hair inside it, kohl made of copper also belonging to the prophet, staff of the prophet with which he entered Mecca as a conquest and a sword that was sent to him by one of his companions. Furthermore, it includes a copy of the Quran written by Ali ibn Abi Talib written in Kufic script, containing 501 pages and written on deer skin.^[27]^[28]

References

^ Beattie, Andrew (2005). Cairo: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-19-517892-0.
^ The Rough Guide to Cairo & the Pyramids. Penguin. 2011. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-4053-8637-1.
^ Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2019). Islamic Art: Past, Present, Future. Yale University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-300-24347-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Masjid al-Husayn". Archnet. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
^ Netton, Ian Richard (2006). A Popular Dictionary of Islam. Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-135-79773-7.
^ Williams, Caroline (2018). Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide (7th ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. pp. 256–258.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Williams, Caroline (2004). Islamic Monuments in Cairo : The Practical Guide. American University in Cairo Press – via ProQuest Ebook Central.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b Talmon-Heller, Daniella; Kedar, Benjamin; Reiter, Yitzhak (Jan 2016). "Vicissitudes of a Holy Place: Construction, Destruction and Commemoration of Mashhad Ḥusayn in Ascalon" (PDF). Der Islam. 93. doi:10.1515/islam-2016-0008. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020.
^ Brett, Michael (2017). The Fatimid Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9781474421522.
^ Idris Imad al-Din ibn al-Hasan al-Quraishi (1970) [1488]. Uyun al-akhbar wa-funun al-athar fi faḍail al-Aimmah al-aṭhar. Silsilat al-turāth al-Fāṭimī. Vol. 6. Translated by Mustafa Ghalib. Dar al-Andalus. p. 738. LCCN n85038131 – via books.google.com.
^ Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2018). "The Fatimid Dream of a New Capital: Dynastic Patronage and Its Imprint on the Architectural Setting". In Melikian-Chirvani, Assadullah Souren (ed.). The World of the Fatimids. Toronto; Munich: Aga Khan Museum; The Institute of Ismaili Studies; Hirmer. pp. 44–67.
^ Williams, Caroline (2018). Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide (7th ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
^ Raymond, André (1993). Le Caire. Fayard. ISBN 2213029830.
^ ^a ^b Warner, Nicholas (2005). The monuments of historic Cairo : a map and descriptive catalogue. The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 977-424-841-4. OCLC 929659618.
^ al Muqrezi, Taqiuddin. Al Khitat wal Aas'ar (in Arabic).
^ Saifuddin, Taher. Aghar al Majalis (in Arabic). Surat: Aljamea tus Saifiyah. p. 260.
^ Address by Syedna at Raudat Tahera Inauguration (Speech). Inauguration Speech. Raudat Tahera, Mumbai. 15 Apr 1975. Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020 – via thedawoodibohras.com. The zareehs adorning the mausolea of Hazrat Ali and Imam Husain exquisite pieces of art—were designed and wrought here.
^ "51st Da'i al-Mutlaq". thedawoodibohras.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 1 Jun 2020. Amongst the many buildings and edifices he built are Ghurratul Masajid (Saifee Masjid) in Mumbai, the Rubaat in Makkah Mukarramah, the sepulchre of Ali bin Abi TalibAS and those of Imam HusainAS and Raasul HusainAS, the mausoleum of Sydena Qutbuddin Al-ShaheedRA and that of Syedi Fakhruddin Al-ShaheedQS in Ahmedabad and Taherabad respectively.
^ Borhany, Abbas. "Brief History of Transfer of the Sacred Head of Hussain ibn Ali, From Damascus to Ashkelon to Qahera". Scribd.
^ "صور تكشف افتتاح السيسي لمسجد الحسين في مصر". سكاي نيوز عربية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2022-04-28.
^ Behrens-Abouseif, Doris; Warner, Nicholas; O'Kane, Bernard (2010). The Minarets of Cairo : Islamic Architecture from the Arab Conquest to the End of the Ottoman Empire.
^ Rabbat, Nasser (2008). "Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 61 – via JSTOR.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Al-Husayn Mosque Canopies | Presentation panel with structural details of umbrellas". Archnet. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
^ "Raas Al-Hussein (P) Mosque in Cairo". en.shafaqna.com. Shafaqna. 18 September 2018. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020.
^ Dawwah, Hani (3 Jan 2015). "بالصور في حضرة الإمام الحسين الحجرة النبوية آثار وأنوار" [Pictures in the presence of Imam Hussein The Prophet's Room, monuments and lights]. masrawy.com (in Arabic).
^ Abdulhussein, Mustafa (1 Feb 2001). Al-Dai Al-Fatimi Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin: An Illustrated Biography. Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah Trust. ISBN 978-0953625604 – via books.google.com.
^ "President Sisi, Sultan of Indian Bohra community inaugurate El-Hussein Mosque after renovation - Society - Egypt". Ahram Online. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
^ عفيفي, نرمين (2022-04-27). "الرئيس السيسي يتفقد مقتنيات مسجد الحسين: "عندكم خير كتير" (صور)". الوطن (in Arabic). Retrieved 2022-04-28.

[1] Beattie, Andrew (2005). Cairo: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-19-517892-0.

[2] The Rough Guide to Cairo & the Pyramids. Penguin. 2011. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-4053-8637-1.

[3] Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2019). Islamic Art: Past, Present, Future. Yale University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-300-24347-5.

[:1-4] "Masjid al-Husayn". Archnet. Retrieved 2019-12-08.

[5] Netton, Ian Richard (2006). A Popular Dictionary of Islam. Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-135-79773-7.

[:032-6] Williams, Caroline (2018). Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide (7th ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. pp. 256–258.

[:0-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Williams, Caroline (2004). Islamic Monuments in Cairo : The Practical Guide. American University in Cairo Press – via ProQuest Ebook Central.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[thesis-8] Talmon-Heller, Daniella; Kedar, Benjamin; Reiter, Yitzhak (Jan 2016). "Vicissitudes of a Holy Place: Construction, Destruction and Commemoration of Mashhad Ḥusayn in Ascalon" (PDF). Der Islam. 93. doi:10.1515/islam-2016-0008. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020.

[:223-9] Brett, Michael (2017). The Fatimid Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9781474421522.

[10] Idris Imad al-Din ibn al-Hasan al-Quraishi (1970) [1488]. Uyun al-akhbar wa-funun al-athar fi faḍail al-Aimmah al-aṭhar. Silsilat al-turāth al-Fāṭimī. Vol. 6. Translated by Mustafa Ghalib. Dar al-Andalus. p. 738. LCCN n85038131 – via books.google.com.

[:4-11] Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2018). "The Fatimid Dream of a New Capital: Dynastic Patronage and Its Imprint on the Architectural Setting". In Melikian-Chirvani, Assadullah Souren (ed.). The World of the Fatimids. Toronto; Munich: Aga Khan Museum; The Institute of Ismaili Studies; Hirmer. pp. 44–67.

[:03-12] Williams, Caroline (2018). Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide (7th ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.

[13] Raymond, André (1993). Le Caire. Fayard. ISBN 2213029830.

[Warner_2005-14] Warner, Nicholas (2005). The monuments of historic Cairo : a map and descriptive catalogue. The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 977-424-841-4. OCLC 929659618.

[jam-15] Muqrezi, Taqiuddin. Al Khitat wal Aas'ar (in Arabic).

[sts2-16] Saifuddin, Taher. Aghar al Majalis (in Arabic). Surat: Aljamea tus Saifiyah. p. 260.

[smb-17] Address by Syedna at Raudat Tahera Inauguration (Speech). Inauguration Speech. Raudat Tahera, Mumbai. 15 Apr 1975. Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020 – via thedawoodibohras.com. The zareehs adorning the mausolea of Hazrat Ali and Imam Husain exquisite pieces of art—were designed and wrought here.

[sts-18] "51st Da'i al-Mutlaq". thedawoodibohras.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 1 Jun 2020. Amongst the many buildings and edifices he built are Ghurratul Masajid (Saifee Masjid) in Mumbai, the Rubaat in Makkah Mukarramah, the sepulchre of Ali bin Abi TalibAS and those of Imam HusainAS and Raasul HusainAS, the mausoleum of Sydena Qutbuddin Al-ShaheedRA and that of Syedi Fakhruddin Al-ShaheedQS in Ahmedabad and Taherabad respectively.

[hx-19] Borhany, Abbas. "Brief History of Transfer of the Sacred Head of Hussain ibn Ali, From Damascus to Ashkelon to Qahera". Scribd.

[20] "صور تكشف افتتاح السيسي لمسجد الحسين في مصر". سكاي نيوز عربية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2022-04-28.

[21] Behrens-Abouseif, Doris; Warner, Nicholas; O'Kane, Bernard (2010). The Minarets of Cairo : Islamic Architecture from the Arab Conquest to the End of the Ottoman Empire.

[22] Rabbat, Nasser (2008). "Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 61 – via JSTOR.

[:2-23] "Al-Husayn Mosque Canopies | Presentation panel with structural details of umbrellas". Archnet. Retrieved 2019-12-09.

[24] "Raas Al-Hussein (P) Mosque in Cairo". en.shafaqna.com. Shafaqna. 18 September 2018. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020.

[25] Dawwah, Hani (3 Jan 2015). "بالصور في حضرة الإمام الحسين الحجرة النبوية آثار وأنوار" [Pictures in the presence of Imam Hussein The Prophet's Room, monuments and lights]. masrawy.com (in Arabic).

[mohdbio-26] Abdulhussein, Mustafa (1 Feb 2001). Al-Dai Al-Fatimi Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin: An Illustrated Biography. Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah Trust. ISBN 978-0953625604 – via books.google.com.

[27] "President Sisi, Sultan of Indian Bohra community inaugurate El-Hussein Mosque after renovation - Society - Egypt". Ahram Online. Retrieved 2022-04-28.

[28] عفيفي, نرمين (2022-04-27). "الرئيس السيسي يتفقد مقتنيات مسجد الحسين: "عندكم خير كتير" (صور)". الوطن (in Arabic). Retrieved 2022-04-28.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Mosque in Cairo, Egypt}}
-{{copy edit|date=October 2014}}
+{{distinguish|text=[[Al Husayn Mosque]] of Karbala}}
+{{Cleanup|date=January 2023|reason=grammar and more encyclopedic tone}}{{Infobox religious building
+|building_name         = Al-Hussein Mosque
+| native_name          = مسجد الإمام ٱلحُسين
+|religious_affiliation = [[Sunni Islam]]
+|image                 = ساحة ومسجد الحسين بالقاهرة.jpg
+|caption               =
+|map_type              = Egypt
+|location              = [[Cairo, Egypt]]
+|coordinates           = {{coord|30|2|52|N|31|15|47|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
+|rite                  =
+|consecration_year     = Original: 1154
+Reconstructed: 1874
+|website               =
+|architect             =
+|architecture_type     = mosque
+|architecture_style    = {{hlist|[[Gothic Revival]] | [[Ottoman architecture|Ottoman]] | Islamic eclecticism}}
+|founded_by            = [[Isma'il Pasha]]
+|construction_cost     =
+|facade_direction      =
+|capacity              =
+|length                =
+|width                 =
+|height_max            =
+|dome_quantity         =
+|dome_dia_outer        =
+|dome_dia_inner        =
+|minaret_height        =
+}}
+The '''al-Hussein Mosque'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beattie |first=Andrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A-qtJj-A6CwC&dq=%22al-hussein+mosque%22+cairo&pg=PA93 |title=Cairo: A Cultural History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-19-517892-0 |pages=93 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=24XaOEuqGYEC&dq=%22al-hussein+mosque%22+cairo&pg=PA74 |title=The Rough Guide to Cairo & the Pyramids |publisher=Penguin |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4053-8637-1 |pages=78 |language=en}}</ref> or '''al-Husayn Mosque''',<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bloom |first1=Jonathan M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WaPQDwAAQBAJ&dq=husayn+mosque+cairo&pg=PA338 |title=Islamic Art: Past, Present, Future |last2=Blair |first2=Sheila S. |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-300-24347-5 |pages=218 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> also known as the '''Mosque of al-Imam al-Husayn'''<ref name=":1" /> ({{langx|ar|مسجد الإمام ٱلحُسين}}) and the '''Mosque of Sayyidna al-Husayn''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Netton |first=Ian Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_--lK2ZGp8gC&dq=husayn+mosque+cairo&pg=PA108 |title=A Popular Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-135-79773-7 |pages=108 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":032">{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Caroline |title=Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide |publisher=The American University in Cairo Press |year=2018 |isbn= |edition=7th |location=Cairo |pages=256–258}}</ref> is a [[mosque]] and [[mausoleum]] of [[Husayn ibn Ali]], originally built in 1154, and then later reconstructed in 1874.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Caroline|date=2004|title=Islamic Monuments in Cairo : The Practical Guide|url=https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3114712&ppg=229|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|via=ProQuest Ebook Central}}{{Dead link|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The mosque is located in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]], near the [[Khan El-Khalili]] bazaar, near-by the famous [[Al Azhar Mosque]], in an area known as Al-Hussain.<ref name=":0" /> It is considered to be one of the holiest Islamic sites in Egypt.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://archnet.org/sites/1543|title=Masjid al-Husayn|website=Archnet|access-date=2019-12-08}}</ref> Some [[Shiaism|Shias]] believe that Husayn's head (''ra's mubarak'') is buried on the grounds of the mosque where a mausoleum is located today and considered to be what is left of the [[Fatimid architecture]] in the building, while some Ismaili sect of Shiites disagree with this.<ref name=":1" />{{clarification needed|date=November 2024|reason=The intended meaning of the last clause is unclear}}
+==History==
-Frosty can you tell me how to message people I cant figure it out?
-[[File:Kairo Al Hussein Mosque BW 1.jpg|270px|imam hussain mosque|right]]
+=== Fatimid period ===
-The '''Al-Hussein Mosque''' ({{lang-ar|'''مسجد الإمام الحسين'''}}; [[Egyptian Arabic]]: {{lang|arz| جامع سيدنا الحسين}}; alternative [[Romanization of Arabic|transliterations]]: '''Husayn''', '''Hussain''', '''Husayn''',  '''Hussayn'''; also [[prefix]]ed by the [[honorific]] title '''[[Sayyid]]na''') is a [[mosque]] built in 1154 and located in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]], near the [[Khan El-Khalili]] bazaar. It is named for the grandson of [[Muhammad]], [[Husayn ibn Ali]], whose head is believed by [[Dawoodi Bohra]] and other [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]] to be buried on the grounds of the mosque. The mosque, considered to be one of the holiest [[Islamic]] sites in Egypt,<ref>[http://www.fodors.com/world/Africa-and-middle-east/Egypt/Cairo/review-470735.html Review of Mosque]</ref> was built on the cemetery of the [[Fatimid]] caliphs, a fact that was later discovered during the excavation. The [[mausoleum]] (dating back to 1154) is the oldest part of the complex.<ref>Williams, Caroline. 2002. Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 193-194.</ref> The currently standing building was built in the 19th century, and was influenced by [[Gothic Revival architecture]].<ref>[http://www.fodors.com/world/Africa-and-middle-east/Egypt/Cairo/review-470735.html Review of the Mosque]</ref>
+According to [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] tradition, in the year 985, the fifth Fatimid caliph, [[al-Aziz Billah]], traced the site of his great-grandfather's head through the office of a contemporary in [[Baghdad]]. It remained buried in the [[Shrine of Husayn's Head]] in Palestine, for about 250 years, until 1153.<ref name=thesis>{{Cite journal|first1=Daniella|last1=Talmon-Heller|first2=Benjamin|last2=Kedar|first3=Yitzhak|last3=Reiter|date=Jan 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512010853/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniella_Talmon-Heller/publication/301537484_Vicissitudes_of_a_Holy_Place_Construction_Destruction_and_Commemoration_of_Mashhad_Husayn_in_Ascalon/links/5cddc4d492851c4eaba685d8/Vicissitudes-of-a-Holy-Place-Construction-Destruction-and-Commemoration-of-Mashhad-Husayn-in-Ascalon.pdf|archive-date=12 May 2020|title=Vicissitudes of a Holy Place: Construction, Destruction and Commemoration of Mashhad Ḥusayn in Ascalon|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301537484|journal=Der Islam|volume=93|doi=10.1515/islam-2016-0008}}</ref>{{rp|184–186}} It was "rediscovered" in 1091 at a time when [[Badr al-Jamali]], the [[vizier (Fatimid Caliphate)|vizier]] and ''de facto'' regent under Caliph [[Al-Mustansir Billah|al-Mustansir]], had just reconquered the region for the Fatimid Caliphate. Upon discovery, he ordered the construction of a new [[Jama masjid|Friday mosque]] and ''[[Mashhad (architecture)|mashhad]]'' (memorial shrine) on the site.<ref name=":223">{{Cite book|last=Brett|first=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDZYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=The Fatimid Empire|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2017|isbn=9781474421522|location=Edinburgh}}</ref>
+Due to the advance of the [[Crusaders]], Caliph [[al-Zafir]] ordered the transfer of the head to Cairo. Husayn's casket was unearthed and moved from Ashkelon to Cairo on Sunday 8 [[Jumada al-Thani]], 548 (31 August 1153).<ref name=thesis/>{{rp|192–193}}
-The Mosque houses some items considered sacred by Muslims, such as the oldest, complete manuscript of the [[Quran]].<ref>[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/Mss/hussein.html Restoration of the First Quran]</ref> as believed by most.
+{{multiple image
-==History of transfer of the head of Husayn to Cairo  in Fatimid belief<ref>Brief History of Transfer of the Sacred Head of Hussain ibn Ali, From Damascus to Ashkelon to Qahera By:
+| header=[[Hadith]] inscribed at Al-Hussein Mosque.
-Qazi Dr. Shaikh Abbas Borhany PhD (USA), NDI, Shahadat al A’alamiyyah (Najaf, Iraq), M.A., LLM (Shariah) Member, Ulama Council of Pakistan , Published in Daily News, Karachi, Pakistan on 3 January 2009.</ref>==
+| total_width=240px
+| image1=Imam Hussein Hadith inscription 00 (4 B).jpg
+| caption1={{plainlist|
+* {{small|''[[Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim]]''}}
+* <hr/>
+* {{small|Blessings of God and peace be on our Master Muhammad and his kin.}}
+* {{small|The messenger of God, peace be upon him, said:}}
+* <hr/>
+* {{small|Husayn is of me, and I'm from him.}}
+* {{small|He who loves Husayn shall be loved by God.}}
+* {{small|Husayn is one of my branches.}}
+* {{small|"The messenger of God surely spoke the truth"}}
+* <hr/>
+* {{small|This Hadith is ''hasan'' ''sahīh''.}}
+* {{small|Related by Imam Bukhari in his work ''Al-Adab  Al-Mufrad'', Imam Tirmidhi in his Sunan and Imam Ahmad in his Musnad. From the Hadith of Ya'lā bin Murra (may God be pleased with him).}}}}
+}}
+According to historians [[al-Maqrizi]],{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} [[Ahmad al-Qalqashandi]],{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} and Ibn Muyassar,{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} the casket reached Cairo on Tuesday 10 Jumada al-Thani (2 September 1153). Taken by boat to the ''Kafuri'' (Garden), the casket was buried there in a place called ''Qubbat al-Daylam'' or ''[[Khan el-Khalili|Turbat al Zafr'an]]'' (currently known as ''al-Mashhad al-Hussaini'' or ''B'ab Mukhallaf'at al-Rasul'').{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} All Fatimid Imam-Caliphs, from [[Abdullah Al Mahdi]] to [[Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah]], were buried at ''Turbah al-Zafaran'',<ref>{{Cite book |lccn=n85038131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=euafSwAACAAJ |title=Uyun al-akhbar wa-funun al-athar fi faḍail al-Aimmah al-aṭhar |author=Idris Imad al-Din ibn al-Hasan al-Quraishi|translator=Mustafa Ghalib |author-link1=Idris Imad al-Din |series=Silsilat al-turāth al-Fāṭimī |year=1970 |orig-date=1488 |volume=6 |page=738 |publisher=Dar al-Andalus |via=books.google.com}}</ref> in the vicinity of the mosque and of the main [[Fatimid Great Palaces|Fatimid Palaces]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Behrens-Abouseif|first=Doris|title=The World of the Fatimids|publisher=Aga Khan Museum; The Institute of Ismaili Studies; Hirmer|year=2018|editor-last=Melikian-Chirvani|editor-first=Assadullah Souren|location=Toronto; Munich|pages=44–67|chapter=The Fatimid Dream of a New Capital: Dynastic Patronage and Its Imprint on the Architectural Setting}}</ref>
-[[File:Raous-us-Husain,Cairo.jpg|The Zarih of Husayn's head, Al Hussein Mosque, Cairo|thumb]]
+The vizier [[Tala'i ibn Ruzzik]] subsequently intended for the head to be moved to a new mosque and shrine he purposely built in 1160 (the [[Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque|Mosque of al-Salih Tala'i]], south of Bab Zuwayla), but this transfer never occurred.<ref name=":03">{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Caroline|title=Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2018|edition=7th|location=Cairo}}</ref>{{Rp|124}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Raymond|first=André|title=Le Caire|publisher=Fayard|year=1993|isbn=2213029830}}</ref>
-It was the 15th Fatimid/[[Ismailism|Ismaili]]/Dawoodi Bohra Imam, [[Abu Mansoor Nizar al-Aziz Billah]] (d.386 AH/996), who traced the site of the head of his great-grandfather through the office of his contemporary in [[Baghdad]], in 985. In the town of Ashkelon it remained buried at "Baab al Faradis", for a long time (about 250 years up to 1153).
+=== Ayyubid period ===
-After the 21st Fatimid Imam [[At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim]], went into seclusion and his uncle, Abd al Majid occupied the throne of the Fatimid Empire. Fearing disrespect and the atrocities of the traitors and enemies, the Majidi-monarch, [[Al-Zafir]], ordered the transfer of the head to Cairo. The W’ali of the city of Ashkelon, Al Amir Sayf al Mamlaka Tamim, along with the custodian of the Mashhad, Qazi Mohammad bin Miskin, took out the buried casket of Raas al Imam al Husayn from the Mashhad, and with due respect and great reverence, on Sunday 8 [[Jumada al-Thani]], 548 (31 August 1153) carried the head from the city of Ashkelon to Cairo, Egypt. Syedi Hasan bin Asad (Hir’az, Yemen) discussed this event in his ''Risalah'' manuscript as follows: "When the Raas (head) al Imam al Husain was taken out of the casket, in Ashkelon, drops of the fresh blood were visible on the Raas al Imam al Husain and the fragrance of Musk spread all over."
+The building was reconstructed under the Ayyubids in 1237 and was burned down 11 years later. The Ayyubid minaret above the Bal al-Akhdar gate is the only part of the Ayyubid mosque that survives today.<ref name="Warner 2005">{{Cite book |last=Warner |first=Nicholas |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/929659618 |title=The monuments of historic Cairo : a map and descriptive catalogue |date=2005 |publisher=The American University in Cairo Press |isbn=977-424-841-4 |oclc=929659618}}</ref>
-Historians [[Al-Maqrizi]], [[Ahmad al-Qalqashandi]], and Ibn Muyassar (d.1278) have mentioned that the casket reached Cairo on Tuesday 10 Jumada al-Thani (2 September 1153). Ust’ad Maknun accompanied it in one of the service boats which landed at the Kafuri (Garden). Buried there in the place known "Qubbat al Daylam" or "Turbat al Zafr’an" (currently known as "Al Mashhad al Husain", wherein lie buried underground thirteen Fatimid Imams from 9th [[Muhammad at-Taqi (Ahmed ibn Abadullah)|Muhammad at-Taqi]] to 20th [[Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah]]). This place is also known as "B’ab Makhallif’at al Rasul".
+Regarding one of the "custodians" who brought Husayn's casket to Cairo, the famous [[Mamluk]] historian of Egypt, Mohiyuddin Abd al-Zahir, wrote:<ref name="jam">{{Cite book|first1=Taqiuddin |last1=al Muqrezi |title=Al Khitat wal Aas'ar|language=ar}}</ref><ref name="sts2">{{Cite book |author1-link=Taher Saifuddin |first1=Taher |last1=Saifuddin |title=Aghar al Majalis |page=260 |institution=[[Aljamea tus Saifiyah]] |location=Surat|language=ar}}</ref>
-The famous [[Mamluk]] historian of Egypt, Mohiyuddin Abd al Zahir (d. 1292) wrote: <blockquote>When Salahuddin came to power he seized all the Palaces of the Aimmat Fatemiyeen and looted their properties and treasures. He destroyed the valuable and rare collection of the hundred thousands books, available in libraries, in the river [[Nile]]. When he learnt through his intelligence.. that one of the.. custodians of Raas al Imam al Husain.. was highly respected by the people of ..Qahera, he surmised that perhaps he .. be aware of ..treasures of the Aimmat Fatemiyeen. Salahuddin issued orders to present him in his court. He inquired of him ..of the Fatemi..treasures. The nobleman flatly denied ..about the treasures. Salahuddin was angered, and ordered his intelligence .. to ask him through 'third-degree-torture', but the nobleman bore ..torture and repeated ..statement. .. Salahuddin ordered his soldiers to put a cap containing Centipedes on the head of the nobleman. ..such type of punishment was so severe and unbearable..none could survive even for a few minutes.
+<blockquote><p>"When Salahuddin came to power he seized all the Palaces of the Aimmat Fatemiyeen and looted their properties and treasures. He destroyed the valuable and rare collection of hundreds of thousands of books available in libraries, along the river [[Nile]]. When he learned through his intelligence agents that one of the custodians of Raas al Imam al Husain was highly respected by the people of the city of Qahera, he surmised that perhaps he would be aware of the treasures of the Aimmat Fatemiyeen. Salahuddin issued orders to present him in his court. He inquired of him the whereabouts of the Fatemi treasures. The nobleman flatly denied any knowledge of the treasures. Salahuddin was angered, and ordered his intelligence agents to ask him through 'third-degree-torture', but the nobleman bore the torture and repeated his previous statement that he knew nothing of any treasures. Salahuddin ordered his soldiers to put a cap containing centipedes on the head of the nobleman, such a type of punishment was so severe and unbearable that none could survive even for a few minutes.</p>
-Prior to putting the Cap of Centipedes on the head, his hair was shaved, to make it easy for the Centipedes to suck blood, which in turn made holes in skull. But! In spite of that punishment the noble custodian of Husain's Head..felt no pain at all. Salahuddin ordered for more Centipedes to be put on .. but it could not kill or pain him. Finally Salahuddin Ayyubi ordered for a tight cap full of Centipedes .. to accomplish the result. Even this method could not torture or kill him. The Ayyubid brutes were greatly astounded further when they saw, on removing the cap, the Centipedes were dead. Salahuddin asked the nobleman to reveal the secret of this miracle. The nobleman revealed as follow: "When Raas al Imam al Husain was brought to Qasar, Al Moizziyat al Qahera, he had carried the casket on his head. 'O Salahuddin! This is the secret of my safety.</blockquote>
+<p>"Prior to putting the Cap of Centipedes on the head, his hair was shaved, to make it easy for the centipedes to suck blood, which in turn made holes in [his] skull. In spite of that punishment the noble custodian of Husain's Head felt no pain at all. Salahuddin ordered more centipedes to be put on the nobleman's head, but it could not kill or pain him. Finally, Salahuddin Ayyubi ordered for a tight cap full of centipedes to accomplish the result. Even this method could not torture or kill him. The Ayyubid brutes were greatly astounded further when they saw, on removing the cap, the centipedes were dead. Salahuddin asked the nobleman to reveal the secret of this miracle. The nobleman revealed as follow[s]: When Raas al Imam al Husain was brought to Qasar, Al Moizziyat al Qahera, he had carried the casket on his head. 'O Salahuddin! This is the secret of my safety.'"{{Long quote|date=January 2023}}</p></blockquote>
-The burial place is now also known as Raous (head)-us-Husain, A silver ''Zarih'' (''[[Maqsurah]]'') is made on the place by Dawoodi Bohra Dai, and the place is visited regularly by all Shia. The presentation of the Maqsurah is also unique in the history of loyalty and faithfulness. The Maqsurah of Raas al Imam al Husain was originally constructed for the [[Al Abbas Mosque]] at Karbala, Iraq. When this Maqsurah reached the mosque of Al-Abbas ibn Ali it would not fit on the place. The size of the Maqsurah and the site of the fitting place differed at the time of fitting, although every technical aspects and measurements of the site were taken into account very precisely. The engineers were astonished at what had happened, although every minute detail was handled very professionally. The loyalty of Al-Abbas ibn Ali was also witnessed on that day too, as it had been witnessed on the day of Aashurah. There a divine guidance came to the effect by way of intuition that a sincere, faithful, loyal and devoted brother could not tolerate, that the head of Muhammad's grandson, Husayn, buried in Cairo, Egypt, should be without a Maqsurah, thus how could he accept this gift for himself. Hence even after Shahadat, Al-Abbas ibn Ali paid his tribute to Husayn and presented his own Maqsurah for Raas (head) al Imam al Husain. When this above-mentioned Maqsurah was brought from Karbala, Iraq to Al Moizziyat Cairo, Egypt, it fitted upon the original position of the grave known as Mashhad of Raas al Imam al Husain in such a manner, as if it had been fabricated for Raas al Imam al Husain itself.
+=== Recent history ===
-Famous Arab traveler Ibne Batuta also wrote in his safarname (rihla) that, after the tragic incident of Karbala, the sacred head of Imam Husain (A) was in the Umayyad mosque of Damascus. From there it was taken by the general Muslim people and was buried in Asqalan- a city in Filistine.During the crusade to protect from the infidel the Fatimid ruler of Egypt exhumed the sacred head and brought it to Egypt. Thereafter the sacred head of Imam Husain (A)was buried again in the al Qarrafa graveyard in Cairo.The site of the graveyard became the greatest sacred mausoleum of Egypt called Raasul Husain.<ref>Safarname Ibne Batuta</ref>
+[[File:مقام الامام الحسين رضي الله عنه.jpg|Ras al-Husayn ''zarih'' inside the mosque.|thumb|alt=|right]]
+To mark the site of burial, known as ''Ra's al-Husayn'' ({{langx|ar|رَأس ٱلحُسَين}}) or ''Mashhad Ra's al-Husayn'', [[Taher Saifuddin]] had a ''[[zarih]]'' built in [[Mumbai]],<ref name=smb>{{Cite speech| title=Address by Syedna at Raudat Tahera Inauguration |url=https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/2018/02/02/address-by-syedna-at-raudat-tahera-inauguration/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601105611/https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/2018/02/02/address-by-syedna-at-raudat-tahera-inauguration/ |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=1 June 2020 |date=15 Apr 1975 |quote=The zareehs adorning the mausolea of Hazrat Ali and Imam Husain exquisite pieces of art—were designed and wrought here. |via=thedawoodibohras.com |location=[[Raudat Tahera]], Mumbai |event=Inauguration Speech}}</ref><ref name=sts>{{Cite web|title=51st Da'i al-Mutlaq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601110405/https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/about-the-bohras/the-dai-al-mutlaq/51st-dai-al-mutlaq/ |url=https://www.thedawoodibohras.com/about-the-bohras/the-dai-al-mutlaq/51st-dai-al-mutlaq/ |access-date=1 Jun 2020 |archive-date=1 June 2020 |website=thedawoodibohras.com |quote=Amongst the many buildings and edifices he built are Ghurratul Masajid (Saifee Masjid) in Mumbai, the Rubaat in Makkah Mukarramah, the sepulchre of Ali bin Abi TalibAS and those of Imam HusainAS and Raasul HusainAS, the mausoleum of Sydena Qutbuddin Al-ShaheedRA and that of Syedi Fakhruddin Al-ShaheedQS in Ahmedabad and Taherabad respectively.}}</ref> which was later installed at the mosque in 1965 just before his death. It was subsequently inaugurated by his son, [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]].{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}
+According to tradition: The ''zarih'' was originally meant for [[Al Abbas Mosque]], in [[Karbala]], Iraq but could not be installed there: The location and the ''zarih'' had previously been measured precisely, but it simply didn't fit. Taher Saifuddin, the maker of the ''zarih'', received divine guidance by way of intuition that out of loyalty, [[Al-Abbas ibn Ali]]—who was martyred along with his step brother, Husayn, at the [[Battle of Karbala]]—could not allow ''Ra's al-Husayn'' be without a ''zarih''. As a consequence, Al-Abbas' ''zarih'' was flown to Cairo and installed at ''Ra's al-Husayn'' at the Al-Hussein mosque, instead.<ref name=hx>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/342277120/Journey-of-Imam-Husian-s-Head-From-Syria-to-Egypt |url-access=limited |title=Brief History of Transfer of the Sacred Head of Hussain ibn Ali, From Damascus to Ashkelon to Qahera |first1=Abbas |last1=Borhany |website=Scribd}}</ref>
+The Mosque was severely damaged by water and was restored by the [[Supreme Council of Antiquities]] in 1996. Major restoration was done to the tomb chamber, during which a replacement dome made of steel was placed over it.<ref name="Warner 2005" />
+There were further extensive renovations done in March 2022 which included a new shrine. The mosque was then inaugurated by President [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi|Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi]] and 53rd [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] of [[Dawoodi Bohra]]s, [[Mufaddal Saifuddin]] in April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=صور تكشف افتتاح السيسي لمسجد الحسين في مصر |url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/varieties/1517927-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=سكاي نيوز عربية |language=ar}}</ref>
+== Architecture==
+{{multiple image
+| align=right
+| total_width=240px
+| image1=Al-Hussain_Mosque,_Old_Cairo_al-Qāhirah,_CG,_EGY_(47122190874).jpg
+| image2=Al-Hussain_Mosque,_Old_Cairo_al-Qāhirah,_CG,_EGY_(47122189764).jpg
+| footer=Left: One of three canopy umbrellas placed in the courtyard of the mosque. Right: Gothic-style windows and Ottoman minaret.
+}}
+The building of the mausoleum was completed in 1154.<ref name=":1" /> Of this original Fatimid architectural structure, only the lower part of the south side gate called Bab Al-Akhdar remains original in the mosque today.<ref name=":0" /> A couple years later, a minaret was added to the original Fatimid gateway by the Ayyubids in 1237.<ref name=":0" /> The minaret has panel carvings of overlapping lines that create patterns called [[arabesque]] popular in [[Islamic architecture|Islamic Architecture]].<ref name=":0" /> The different minarets among this mosque play a role in portraying the various powers that ruled Cairo and the way they laminated their power through architecture.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Minarets of Cairo : Islamic Architecture from the Arab Conquest to the End of the Ottoman Empire |author=Behrens-Abouseif, Doris |author2=Warner, Nicholas |author3=O'Kane, Bernard |year=2010}}</ref>  Finally in 1874, [[Isma'il Pasha]] (Khedive Isma'il) reconstructed Al-Hussein mosque inspired by the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival Architecture]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rabbat|first=Nasser|date=2008|title=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians|journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians|volume=61|via=JSTOR}}</ref> Wanting to modernize Cairo, Isma'il Pasha created a mosque with Italian Gothic style and Ottoman style minarets.<ref name=":0" /> This mixture of various architectural styles famous in Islamic architecture during the khedival time period is called Islamic [[Eclecticism in architecture|eclecticism]].<ref name=":0" />
+Today, the latest addition to Al-Hussein Mosque are three large canopy umbrellas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://archnet.org/sites/5155/media_contents/48408|title=Al-Husayn Mosque Canopies {{!}} Presentation panel with structural details of umbrellas|website=Archnet|access-date=2019-12-09}}</ref> It was added to protect those praying outdoors from the sun during the summer days and from the rain during the winter.<ref name=":2" /> They are mechanically operated and follow the designs of those at many Saudi Arabian mosques made from steel and teflon.<ref name=":2" /> Many people still come to this mosque to pray and visit the mausoleum on a normal basis.<ref name=":0" /> Although non-Muslims are not allowed into the building, the structure is still viewed from the outside by tourists.<ref name=":0" />
+== Bab al-Mukhallafat al-Nabawiyya al-Sharifa ==
+[[File:Mukalafat-al-Rasool_.jpg |thumb|right | The ''Bab al-Mukhallafat al-Nabawiyya'' at the Hussein Mosque]]
+Next to ''Ras al-Husayn'' is a crypt, housing artifacts believed to belong to [[Muhammad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raas Al-Hussein (P) Mosque in Cairo |publisher=[[Shafaqna]] |url=https://en.shafaqna.com/71098/photos-raas-al-hussein-p-mosque-in-cairo/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200619122753/https://en.shafaqna.com/71098/photos-raas-al-hussein-p-mosque-in-cairo/ |archive-date=19 June 2020 |website=en.shafaqna.com |date=18 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.masrawy.com/islameyat/sera-hayat_elrasoul/details/2015/1/3/421728/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1 |title=بالصور في حضرة الإمام الحسين الحجرة النبوية آثار وأنوار |trans-title=Pictures in the presence of Imam Hussein The Prophet's Room, monuments and lights |last1=Dawwah |first1=Hani |date=3 Jan 2015 |website=masrawy.com |language=ar}}</ref> A door laden with silver and gold was built by [[Mohammed Burhanuddin|Mohammed Burhanuddin II]] and installed at the site in 1986.<ref name=mohdbio>{{cite book|title=Al-Dai Al-Fatimi Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin: An Illustrated Biography| isbn=978-0953625604 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uy8QAQAAIAAJ |first=Mustafa | last=Abdulhussein |publisher= Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah Trust|date= 1 Feb 2001 |via=books.google.com}}</ref>{{rp|134}}
+The room was added to the mosque in 1893. The room contains a piece of cloth believed to be part of a linen cloak once worn by the prophet, a lantern with four strands of the prophet's hair inside it, [[Kohl (cosmetics)|kohl]] made of copper also belonging to the prophet, [[Pilgrim's staff|staff]] of the prophet with which he entered Mecca as a conquest and a sword that was sent to him by one of his companions. Furthermore, it includes a copy of the Quran written by [[Ali|Ali ibn Abi Talib]] written in [[Kufic]] script, containing 501 pages and written on deer skin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Sisi, Sultan of Indian Bohra community inaugurate El-Hussein Mosque after renovation - Society - Egypt |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/2/465358/Egypt/Society/President-Sisi,-Sultan-of-Indian-Bohra-community-i.aspx |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=عفيفي |first=نرمين |date=2022-04-27 |title=الرئيس السيسي يتفقد مقتنيات مسجد الحسين: "عندكم خير كتير" (صور) |url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6062626 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=الوطن |language=ar}}</ref>
+== See also ==
+* [[Shrine of Husayn's Head]]
+* [[Qalawun complex]]
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}
+{{commons category|Al-Hussein Mosque}}
 {{Mosques in Egypt}}
+{{Mausoleums in Egypt}}
+{{Islamic Cairo}}
-{{coord|30|2|52|N|31|15|47|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
-{{commons category|Al Hussein Mosque }}
 [[Category:Mosques in Cairo|Hussein]]
-[[Category:Arabic architecture]]
 [[Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Egypt]]
+[[Category:12th-century establishments in the Fatimid Caliphate]]
+[[Category:Historical Monuments in Cairo]]
+[[Category:Burned buildings and structures in Egypt]]
+[[Category:Mausoleums in Cairo]]

v t e Mosques in Egypt
Alexandria	Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Attarine
Cairo and Greater Cairo	Abu al-Dhahab Abu al-'Ila Al-Ashraf Al-Azhar Al-Burdayni Al-Fath Al-Hakim Al-Hussein Al-Mahmoudia Al-Nasir Muhammad Al-Nour Al-Rahman al-Rahim Al-Rifa'i Al-Salih Tala'i Al-Sayeda Nafeesah Al-Sayyidah Zainab al-Zahir Baybars Amir al-Maridani Amir al-Sayf Sarghatmish Amir Jamal al-Din al-Ustadar Amir Qijmas al-Ishaqi Amr ibn al-As Aqmar Aqsunqur Aslam al-Silahdar Demerdash Faraj ibn Barquq Gamal Abdel Nasser Ibn Tulun Islamic Cultural Center Jami al-Qarafa Juyushi Khanqah of Shaykhu Khayrbak Khushqadam el-Ahmadi Lulua Mahmud al-Kurdi Muhammad Ali Qalawun Qani-Bay Qanibay al-Muhammadi Qaytbay (Qal'at al-Kabsh) Rabaa al-Adawiya Sayeda Aisha Sinan Pasha Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar Sulayman Pasha Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay Sultan al-Ghuri Sultan al-Muayyad Sultan Barquq Sultan Barsbay Sultan Hasan Taghribirdi Ulmas al-Hajib
Elsewhere in Egypt	Al-Fattah al-Aleem Abu Haggag Ahmad al-Badawi El-Tabia Ibrahim El Desouki Sidi Arif
Category Islam in Egypt Mosques by country