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{{Short description|Type of sweet biscuit popular in Australia and New Zealand}}
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{{Infobox prepared food
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
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| name = Anzac biscuit
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{{Infobox food
| image = [[Image:ANZAC biscuits.JPG|300px]]
| imagesize =
| name = ANZAC biscuit
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| image = ANZAC biscuits.JPG
| caption =
| caption =
| alternate_name =
| alternate_name = ANZAC bikkies, Anzac slice<ref name="anzacbiscuitrecipe-dva" />
| country = [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]]
| associated_cuisine = [[Australian cuisine|Australia]], [[New Zealand cuisine|New Zealand]]
| region =
| creator =
| creator =
| type = [[Biscuit]]
| type = [[Biscuit]]
| served =
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[Rolled oats]], [[flour]], [[desiccation|desiccated]] coconut, [[sugar]], [[butter]], [[golden syrup]]
| main_ingredient = [[Rolled oats]], [[flour]], [[desiccation|desiccated]] [[coconut]], [[sugar]], [[butter]], [[golden syrup]]
| variations =
| variations =
| calories =
| calories =
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}}
}}


An '''Anzac biscuit''' is a sweet [[biscuit]] popular in Australia and New Zealand made using [[rolled oats]], flour, [[desiccation|desiccated]] coconut, sugar, butter, [[golden syrup]], [[Sodium bicarbonate|baking soda]] and boiling water. Anzac biscuits have long been associated with the [[Australian and New Zealand Army Corps]] (ANZAC) established in [[World War I]].
The '''Anzac biscuit''' is a sweet [[biscuit]], popular in Australia and New Zealand, made using [[rolled oats]], flour, sugar, butter (or margarine), [[golden syrup]], [[Sodium bicarbonate|baking soda]], boiling water and optionally [[desiccation|desiccated]] coconut.<ref>{{cite web | title = ANZAC biscuit recipes | work = Australian War Memorial website | url = https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/anzac/biscuit/recipe | access-date = 24 April 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=nicola |date=2011-04-12 |title=Origins Of The ANZAC Biscuit |url=https://www.armymuseum.co.nz/the-anzac-biscuit/ |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=National Army Museum |language=en-NZ}}</ref> Anzac biscuits have long been associated with the [[Australian and New Zealand Army Corps]] (ANZAC) established in [[World War I]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blundells Bikkies |url=https://www.nca.gov.au/education/learning-resources/blundells-bikkies |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=National Capital Authority |publisher=[[Australian Government]]}}</ref>


It has been claimed the biscuits were sent by wives to soldiers abroad because the ingredients do not spoil easily and the biscuits kept well during naval transportation.<ref>{{cite web | title = ANZAC Biscuits | work = anzacday.org.au website | url = http://www.anzacday.org.au/miscellaneous/bikkies.html | accessdate = 17 August 2011 }}</ref> Today, Anzac biscuits are manufactured commercially for retail sale.
It is thought that these biscuits were sent by wives and women's groups to soldiers abroad because the ingredients do not spoil easily and the biscuits kept well during naval transportation.<ref name=":1">{{citation |url=http://www.anzacday.org.au/miscellaneous/bikkies.html |title=ANZAC Biscuits |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050206001545/http://www.anzacday.org.au/miscellaneous/bikkies.html |archive-date=2005-02-06 |access-date=2017-07-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = ANZAC Biscuits The history & recipe | work = Digger History website | url = http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-food/anzac-biscuits.htm | access-date = 4 October 2019}}</ref>


Biscuits issued to soldiers by the Army, referred to as "Anzac tiles" or "Anzac wafers", differ from the popular Anzac biscuit. Anzac tiles and wafers were [[hard tack]], a bread substitute, which had a long shelf life and was very hard.<ref>{{cite web | title = ANZAC biscuit recipes | work = Australian War Memorial website | url = http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/anzac/biscuit/recipe.htm | accessdate = 17 August 2011 }}</ref>
Anzac biscuits should not be confused with [[hardtack]], which was nicknamed "[[ANZAC wafer]]s" in Australia and New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web | title = ANZAC biscuit recipes | work = Australian War Memorial website | url = http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/anzac/biscuit/recipe.htm | access-date = 17 August 2011 | archive-date = 28 April 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120428034516/http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/anzac/biscuit/recipe.asp | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Anzac biscuits are an explicit exemption to an Australian ban on commercial goods that use the term "Anzac", so long as they are sold as "biscuits" and not "cookies".


==Origins==
==Origins==


The origin of Anzac biscuits is contested between Australia and New Zealand. The first known recipe for the biscuit significantly predates the formation of the ANZAC Corps,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fuss |first=Eloise |date=2018-04-23 |title=Who made the first Anzac biscuit? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-24/who-made-the-first-anzac-biscuit/9687810 |access-date=2023-04-21 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref> and many early recipes differ from the modern version.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Huckstep |first=Anthony |date=2020-04-21 |title=Historic biscuits: 'Where the pavlova divides us, the Anzac unites us' |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/apr/22/historic-biscuits-where-the-pavlova-divides-us-the-anzac-unites-us |access-date=2023-04-21 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> For example, historical recipes have variously included nontraditional ingredients such as eggs, fruit, and jam.<ref name="anzacbiscuitrecipe-dva">{{cite web |title=Anzac biscuits to make for Anzac Day or a commemorative event |url=https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/commemoration/event-planning/anzac-biscuits |access-date=9 July 2022 |publisher=Australian Government, Department of Veterans' Affairs}}</ref>
In a speech to the East Otago Federation of Women’s Institutes, Professor [[Helen Leach]], of the [[Archaeology]] Department of the [[University of Otago]] in New Zealand, stated that the first published use of the name Anzac in a recipe was in an advertisement in the 7th edition of ''St Andrew's Cookery Book'' (Dunedin, 1915). This was a cake, not a biscuit, and there were no mixing instructions. A recipe for "Anzac Biscuits" appeared in the ''War Chest Cookery Book'' (Sydney, 1917) but was for a different biscuit altogether. The same publication included a prototype of today's Anzac biscuit, called Rolled Oats Biscuits. The combination of the name Anzac and the recipe now associated with it first appeared in the 9th edition of ''St Andrew's Cookery Book'' (Dunedin, 1921) under the name "Anzac Crispies". Subsequent editions renamed this "Anzac Biscuits" and Australian cookery books followed suit. Professor Leach also said that further research might reveal earlier references to the name and recipe in Australia or New Zealand.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060612232250/http://ecook.co.nz/index.php/ps_pagename/featurearticles/pi_articleid/57 Allyson Gofton,"The Anzac Biscuit Myth"], [archived version of defunct page] Retrieved 15 February 2015</ref>


The earliest known recipe combining the words 'Anzac' and 'biscuit' is a recipe from 1916 for "ANZAC GINGER BISCUITS" which was published on 4 June 1916 in the [[Perth]] edition of ''[[The Sunday Times (Western Australia)|The Sunday Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sunday Times, Perth, Western Australia, June 4, 1916 |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/58013699 |newspaper=Sunday Times |date=4 June 1916 |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ANZAC Biscuits but not as you know them… {{!}} Australian War Memorial |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/blog/anzac-biscuits-not-you-know-them |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=www.awm.gov.au}}</ref> However, this recipe contains no mention of oats, which are present in modern Anzac biscuits. The first recipe for "Anzac Biscuits" appears in an Australian publication, the ''War Chest Cookery Book'' (Sydney, 1917), but this recipe was also for a different biscuit.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fuss |first1=Eloise |title=First printed recipe for Anzac biscuits very different to modern recipe |url=https://thenewdaily.com.au/life/eat-drink/2018/04/24/first-anzac-biscuit-recipe/ |website=The New Daily |access-date=26 November 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|last1=Reynolds|first1=Allison|title=The real origins of the Anzac biscuit revealed|url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/delicious-sa/the-real-origins-of-the-anzac-biscuit-revealed/news-story/7ab7ff63b5399ea16059bb0a072c8ffc|access-date=26 November 2019|website=The Advertiser}}</ref> The same publication also included the first two recipes for biscuits resembling modern Anzac biscuits, under the names of "Rolled Oats Biscuits" and just "Biscuits".<ref name=":0" /> The first recorded instance of the combination of the name "Anzac biscuit" and the recipe now associated with it was found in [[Adelaide]] dating to "either late 1919 or early 1920".<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fuss |first1=Eloise |title=Anzac Day 2018: Who made the first Anzac biscuit? |newspaper=ABC News |date=23 April 2018 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-24/who-made-the-first-anzac-biscuit/9687810 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=26 November 2019}}</ref> Another early recipe for the Anzac biscuit dates back to 1921, published in an Australian newspaper called ''[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]]''.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Australia strikes a blow in the battle for the Anzac Biscuit|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/australia-strikes-a-blow-in-the-battle-for-the-anzac-biscuit-20140130-31oy8.html|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=30 January 2014 |access-date=4 October 2019}}</ref> These early recipes did not contain desiccated coconut, which is present in many modern Anzac biscuits.<ref name="auto" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=ANZAC Biscuits |url=https://www.weber.com/AU/en/recipes/desserts/anzac-biscuits/weber-204256.html |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=www.weber.com |language=en}}</ref> The first recipe for an Anzac biscuit containing desiccated coconut is recorded to be from the city of Adelaide in 1924.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anzac Day 2018: Who made the first Anzac biscuit?|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-24/who-made-the-first-anzac-biscuit/9687810|newspaper=ABC News|date=23 April 2018 |access-date=4 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fuss |first1=Eloise |title=Who made the first Anzac biscuit? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2014/04/24/3991366.htm |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=26 November 2019}}</ref>
Rather than being sent to the front lines for the soldiers to eat as some people think, ANZAC biscuits were commonly eaten at galas, fetes and other public events such as parades, where they were sold to raise money to support the war effort. At the time they were often called "soldier's biscuits", and the fundraising that was organised by the Patriotic Funds accumulated 6.5 million pounds for the to support New Zealand troops in the war.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Real ANZAC Biscuit Story|url=http://www.armymuseum.co.nz/kiwis-at-war/did-you-know/the-anzac-biscuit/|website=NZ Army Museum|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref>

In New Zealand, a 1919 recipe for Anzac Crispies in the eighth edition of the St Andrew's Cookery Book had similar ingredients to modern Anzac biscuits.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/9668401/Battle-of-the-Anzac-biscuit |title= Battle of the Anzac biscuit |access-date= 16 March 2020|author= Jenny Tabakoff|year= 2014|work= stuff}}</ref>


==Current popularity==
==Current popularity==
Today, Anzac biscuits are manufactured commercially for retail sale. Because of their military connection with the ANZACs and [[ANZAC Day]], these biscuits are often used as a fundraising item for the [[Royal New Zealand Returned Services' Association]] (RSA) and the [[Returned and Services League of Australia]] (RSL). A British (though still Australian-produced) version of the Anzac biscuit, supporting the [[Royal British Legion]], is available in several major supermarket chains in the UK.<ref>{{cite web | title = Anzac Tea Dance to raise funds for The Royal British Legion | date = 27 January 2009 | work = British Legion website | url = http://www.britishlegion.org.uk/about-us/media-centre/news/fundraising/anzac-tea-dance-to-raise-funds-for-the-royal-british-legion | accessdate = 17 August 2011| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110725044226/http://www.britishlegion.org.uk/about-us/media-centre/news/fundraising/anzac-tea-dance-to-raise-funds-for-the-royal-british-legion| archivedate= 25 July 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
Today, Anzac biscuits are manufactured commercially for retail sale. Because of their historical military connection with the ANZACs and [[Anzac Day]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-25 |title=Find out about Anzac Day – and how to make Anzac biscuits |url=https://metro.co.uk/2022/04/25/what-is-anzac-day-and-how-to-make-traditional-anzac-biscuits-16528024/ |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=Metro |language=en}}</ref> these biscuits are still used as a fundraising item for the [[Royal New Zealand Returned Services' Association]] (RSA) and the [[Returned and Services League of Australia]] (RSL).{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Special collectors old-style biscuit tins with World War military artwork are usually produced in the lead up to Anzac Day and sold in supermarkets, in addition to the standard plastic packets available all year.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} The official RSL biscuit is produced by ''Unibic'' under licence.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

A British (though still Australian-produced) version of the Anzac biscuit, supporting the [[Royal British Legion]], is available in several major supermarket chains in the UK.<ref>{{cite web | title = Anzac Tea Dance to raise funds for The Royal British Legion | date = 27 January 2009 | work = British Legion website | url = http://www.britishlegion.org.uk/about-us/media-centre/news/fundraising/anzac-tea-dance-to-raise-funds-for-the-royal-british-legion | access-date = 17 August 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110725044226/http://www.britishlegion.org.uk/about-us/media-centre/news/fundraising/anzac-tea-dance-to-raise-funds-for-the-royal-british-legion | archive-date = 25 July 2011 | url-status = dead}}</ref>


==Legal issues==
==Legal issues==
Similarly to the use of the term Anzac, the Anzac biscuit is protected by regulations that restrict commercial production of the product.<ref name="anzacbiscuitrecipe-dva" /> Primarily, such regulations pertain to the name and recipe.<ref name="dva-guidelines-anzac" /> They must be referred to and sold as Anzac biscuits and never as [[cookies]].<ref name="dva">{{cite web |title=Protecting the word Anzac |url=http://www.dva.gov.au/commemorations-memorials-and-war-graves/protecting-word-anzac |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315052034/http://www.dva.gov.au/commemorations-memorials-and-war-graves/protecting-word-anzac |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=24 March 2015 |work=Australian Government &ndash; Department of Veteran Affairs}}</ref> While it is legally acceptable to substitute ingredients in a recipe to cater to dietary requirements, there is a commercial disallowance for any substantial modification of the recipe such that they deviate too far from traditional Anzac biscuit recipes.<ref name="dva-guidelines-anzac">{{cite web |date=October 2020 |title=Use of the word 'Anzac' Guidelines |url=https://www.dva.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/about%20dva/recognition/guidelines-use-of-the-word-anzac.pdf |publisher=[[Australian Government]]: Department of Veterans' Affairs}}</ref> Variations of recipes posted on social media or written in cookbooks that merely include Anzac biscuits are excluded from regulations.<ref name="dva-guidelines-anzac" />
The term Anzac is protected under Australian law and cannot be used in Australia without permission from the [[Minister for Veterans' Affairs (Australia)|Minister for Veterans' Affairs]];<ref>{{cite web | title = Protecting the word Anzac | work = Australian Government &ndash; Department of Veteran Affairs | url = http://www.dva.gov.au/commems_oawg/commemorations/protection_of_Anzac/Pages/index.aspx | accessdate = 18 May 2014 | archiveurl= | archivedate= | deadurl= }}</ref> misuse can be legally enforced particularly for commercial purposes. Likewise similar restrictions on naming<ref>{{cite web | title = Anzac Traditions and Rituals | work = New Zealand Government: Ministry for Culture and Heritage mini-site | url = http://www.anzac.govt.nz/significance/traditions.html | accessdate = 17 August 2011 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110724195355/http://www.anzac.govt.nz/significance/traditions.html| archivedate= 24 July 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> are enshrined in [[New Zealand law]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Flags, Emblems, and Names Protection Act 1981 No 47, section 17 | work = New Zealand Government: Parliamentary Council Office Legislation website | url = http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1981/0047/latest/DLM52224.html | accessdate = 17 August 2011 }}</ref> where the [[Governor General]] can elect to enforce naming legislation. There is a general exemption granted for Anzac biscuits, as long as these biscuits remain basically true to the original recipe and are both referred to and sold as Anzac biscuits and never as [[cookies]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Uses Allowed under the Regulations | work = [[Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs]] | url = http://www.dva.gov.au/commems_oawg/commemorations/protectinganzac/Pages/index.aspx | accessdate = 3 December 2014 }}</ref>


This restriction resulted in the [[Subway (restaurant)|Subway]] chain of restaurants dropping the biscuit from their menu in September 2008. After being ordered by the [[Department of Veterans' Affairs (Australia)|Department of Veterans' Affairs]] to bake the biscuits according to the original recipe, Subway decided not to continue to offer the biscuit, as they found that their supplier was unable to develop a cost-effective means of duplicating the recipe.<ref name="Fewster2008">{{cite news | last = Fewster | first = Sean | date = 22 September 2008 | title = Subway dumps Anzac biscuit from the menu | work = [[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] | url = http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/fast-food-giant-cuts-anzac-biscuit/story-e6frea83-1111117545075 | accessdate = 17 October 2013 }}</ref>
As a result of the restrictions on the recipe, the [[Subway (restaurant)|Subway]] chain of restaurants dropped the biscuit from their menu in September 2008. After being ordered by the [[Department of Veterans' Affairs (Australia)|Department of Veterans' Affairs]] to bake the biscuits according to the original recipe, Subway decided not to continue to offer the biscuit, as they found that their supplier was unable to develop a cost-effective means of duplicating the recipe.<ref name="Fewster2008">{{cite news | last = Fewster | first = Sean | date = 22 September 2008 | title = Subway dumps Anzac biscuit from the menu | work = [[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] | url = http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/fast-food-giant-cuts-anzac-biscuit/story-e6frea83-1111117545075 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121034400/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/fast-food-giant-cuts-anzac-biscuit/story-e6frea83-1111117545075 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |access-date= 25 April 2020}}</ref>

==Recipe==
{{Cookbook|ANZAC Biscuits}}
Notably, Anzac biscuit recipes omit [[egg (food)|eggs]] because of the scarcity of eggs during the war (after most [[poultry]] farmers joining the war effort) and so that the biscuits would not spoil when shipped long distances.<ref>{{cite web | title = ANZAC Biscuits The history & recipe | work = Digger History website | url = http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-food/anzac-biscuits.htm | accessdate = 23 July 2008 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080719161913/http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-food/anzac-biscuits.htm| archivedate= 19 July 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}
{{Oats}}
{{Portal bar|Australia|Food}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Anzac biscuit}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anzac biscuit}}
[[Category:Biscuits (British style)]]
[[Category:Biscuits]]
[[Category:Australian cuisine]]
[[Category:Australian desserts]]
[[Category:Australian snack foods]]
[[Category:Australian snack foods]]
[[Category:New Zealand cuisine]]
[[Category:New Zealand cuisine]]
[[Category:Australian desserts]]
[[Category:New Zealand desserts]]
[[Category:New Zealand snack foods]]
[[Category:ANZAC]]
[[Category:ANZAC]]
[[Category:Coconut desserts]]
[[Category:Oat-based dishes]]
[[Category:Military food]]

Latest revision as of 21:53, 29 July 2024

ANZAC biscuit
Alternative namesANZAC bikkies, Anzac slice[1]
TypeBiscuit
Associated cuisineAustralia, New Zealand
Main ingredientsRolled oats, flour, desiccated coconut, sugar, butter, golden syrup

The Anzac biscuit is a sweet biscuit, popular in Australia and New Zealand, made using rolled oats, flour, sugar, butter (or margarine), golden syrup, baking soda, boiling water and optionally desiccated coconut.[2][3] Anzac biscuits have long been associated with the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) established in World War I.[4]

It is thought that these biscuits were sent by wives and women's groups to soldiers abroad because the ingredients do not spoil easily and the biscuits kept well during naval transportation.[5][6]

Anzac biscuits should not be confused with hardtack, which was nicknamed "ANZAC wafers" in Australia and New Zealand.[7]

Anzac biscuits are an explicit exemption to an Australian ban on commercial goods that use the term "Anzac", so long as they are sold as "biscuits" and not "cookies".

Origins

[edit]

The origin of Anzac biscuits is contested between Australia and New Zealand. The first known recipe for the biscuit significantly predates the formation of the ANZAC Corps,[8] and many early recipes differ from the modern version.[9] For example, historical recipes have variously included nontraditional ingredients such as eggs, fruit, and jam.[1]

The earliest known recipe combining the words 'Anzac' and 'biscuit' is a recipe from 1916 for "ANZAC GINGER BISCUITS" which was published on 4 June 1916 in the Perth edition of The Sunday Times.[10][11] However, this recipe contains no mention of oats, which are present in modern Anzac biscuits. The first recipe for "Anzac Biscuits" appears in an Australian publication, the War Chest Cookery Book (Sydney, 1917), but this recipe was also for a different biscuit.[12][13] The same publication also included the first two recipes for biscuits resembling modern Anzac biscuits, under the names of "Rolled Oats Biscuits" and just "Biscuits".[13] The first recorded instance of the combination of the name "Anzac biscuit" and the recipe now associated with it was found in Adelaide dating to "either late 1919 or early 1920".[5][14] Another early recipe for the Anzac biscuit dates back to 1921, published in an Australian newspaper called The Argus.[15] These early recipes did not contain desiccated coconut, which is present in many modern Anzac biscuits.[15][13][16] The first recipe for an Anzac biscuit containing desiccated coconut is recorded to be from the city of Adelaide in 1924.[17][18]

In New Zealand, a 1919 recipe for Anzac Crispies in the eighth edition of the St Andrew's Cookery Book had similar ingredients to modern Anzac biscuits.[19]

Current popularity

[edit]

Today, Anzac biscuits are manufactured commercially for retail sale. Because of their historical military connection with the ANZACs and Anzac Day,[20] these biscuits are still used as a fundraising item for the Royal New Zealand Returned Services' Association (RSA) and the Returned and Services League of Australia (RSL).[citation needed] Special collectors old-style biscuit tins with World War military artwork are usually produced in the lead up to Anzac Day and sold in supermarkets, in addition to the standard plastic packets available all year.[citation needed] The official RSL biscuit is produced by Unibic under licence.[citation needed]

A British (though still Australian-produced) version of the Anzac biscuit, supporting the Royal British Legion, is available in several major supermarket chains in the UK.[21]

[edit]

Similarly to the use of the term Anzac, the Anzac biscuit is protected by regulations that restrict commercial production of the product.[1] Primarily, such regulations pertain to the name and recipe.[22] They must be referred to and sold as Anzac biscuits and never as cookies.[23] While it is legally acceptable to substitute ingredients in a recipe to cater to dietary requirements, there is a commercial disallowance for any substantial modification of the recipe such that they deviate too far from traditional Anzac biscuit recipes.[22] Variations of recipes posted on social media or written in cookbooks that merely include Anzac biscuits are excluded from regulations.[22]

As a result of the restrictions on the recipe, the Subway chain of restaurants dropped the biscuit from their menu in September 2008. After being ordered by the Department of Veterans' Affairs to bake the biscuits according to the original recipe, Subway decided not to continue to offer the biscuit, as they found that their supplier was unable to develop a cost-effective means of duplicating the recipe.[24]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Anzac biscuits to make for Anzac Day or a commemorative event". Australian Government, Department of Veterans' Affairs. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  2. ^ "ANZAC biscuit recipes". Australian War Memorial website. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  3. ^ nicola (12 April 2011). "Origins Of The ANZAC Biscuit". National Army Museum. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Blundells Bikkies". National Capital Authority. Australian Government. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  5. ^ a b ANZAC Biscuits, archived from the original on 6 February 2005, retrieved 26 July 2017
  6. ^ "ANZAC Biscuits The history & recipe". Digger History website. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  7. ^ "ANZAC biscuit recipes". Australian War Memorial website. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  8. ^ Fuss, Eloise (23 April 2018). "Who made the first Anzac biscuit?". ABC News. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  9. ^ Huckstep, Anthony (21 April 2020). "Historic biscuits: 'Where the pavlova divides us, the Anzac unites us'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  10. ^ "The Sunday Times, Perth, Western Australia, June 4, 1916". Sunday Times. 4 June 1916. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  11. ^ "ANZAC Biscuits but not as you know them… | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  12. ^ Fuss, Eloise. "First printed recipe for Anzac biscuits very different to modern recipe". The New Daily. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  13. ^ a b c Reynolds, Allison. "The real origins of the Anzac biscuit revealed". The Advertiser. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  14. ^ Fuss, Eloise (23 April 2018). "Anzac Day 2018: Who made the first Anzac biscuit?". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  15. ^ a b "Australia strikes a blow in the battle for the Anzac Biscuit". The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  16. ^ "ANZAC Biscuits". www.weber.com. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  17. ^ "Anzac Day 2018: Who made the first Anzac biscuit?". ABC News. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  18. ^ Fuss, Eloise. "Who made the first Anzac biscuit?". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  19. ^ Jenny Tabakoff (2014). "Battle of the Anzac biscuit". stuff. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  20. ^ "Find out about Anzac Day – and how to make Anzac biscuits". Metro. 25 April 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  21. ^ "Anzac Tea Dance to raise funds for The Royal British Legion". British Legion website. 27 January 2009. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  22. ^ a b c "Use of the word 'Anzac' Guidelines" (PDF). Australian Government: Department of Veterans' Affairs. October 2020.
  23. ^ "Protecting the word Anzac". Australian Government – Department of Veteran Affairs. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  24. ^ Fewster, Sean (22 September 2008). "Subway dumps Anzac biscuit from the menu". The Advertiser. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
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