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{{Short description|Battle involving colonists and indigenous peoples fought near Richmond, Virginia}}
{{For|the 1763 Battle of Bloody Run in Michigan|Battle of Bloody Run}}
{{For|the 1763 Battle of Bloody Run in Michigan|Battle of Bloody Run}}


{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
|image=Battle of Bloody Run - Marker, Chimborazo Park, Richmond.jpg
|image=
|caption= a marker erected concerning the battle
|caption=
|conflict=Battle of Bloody Run
|conflict=Battle of Bloody Run
|date=1656
|date=1656
|place= Bloody Run Creek, currently paved over, previously near 32nd Street, Richmond, Virginia
|place= Bloody Run Creek, currently paved over, previously near 32nd Street, Richmond, Virginia
|result= "Richahecrian" victory
|result= defeat of English and allied [[Pamunkey]] tribe
|combatant1=Shackoconian/Rickohockan tribe <br/> Manahoac confederacy
|combatant1="Richahecrian" tribe
|combatant2=[[Great Britain]] <br/> [[Virginia Colony]] <br/> Pamunkey tribe
|combatant2= [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia Colony]] <br/> Pamunkey tribe
|commander1=unknown
|commander1=unknown
|commander2=Colonel Edward Hill <br/> [[Totopotomoi|Chief Totopotomoi]] [[Killed in Action|†]]
|commander2=Colonel Edward Hill <br/> [[Totopotomoi|Chief Totopotomoi]] [[Killed in Action|†]]
|strength1=500 - 600
|strength1=500–600
|strength2=~200 (100 Colonial Rangers and 100 Pamunkey warriors)
|strength2=~200 (100 Colonial Rangers and 100 Pamunkey warriors)
{{coord|37.527543|-77.412425|type:landmark_region:US-VA|format=dms}}

}}
}}
The '''Battle of Bloody Run''' was fought in 1656 near [[Richmond, Virginia]]. The English colonists of the area were concerned because of the sudden southward migration of a tribe of the [[Manahoac]] confederacy. The Manahoac were enemies of both the [[Iroquois]] and the [[Powhatan]], who were allied with the English. In an attempt to remove the threat, the colonists, together with their Native American allies, attacked the newcome tribe.
The '''Battle of Bloody Run''' was fought in March or April 1656<ref>The General Assembly of Virginia addressed the problem of 500 or so 'new Indians' along the James River and ordered messages be sent to Totopotomoi requesting his assistance in their 10 March 1656 session</ref> near [[Richmond, Virginia]].


In 1654, the expansion of the Iroquois Nation displaced several tribes from their homelands around [[Lake Erie]]. One tribe moved south into Virginia, settling temporarily around the [[James River]]. The exact identity of the tribe is in question, as some sources name them the Shackoconians, and some the Rickohockans.<ref>Montague, Ludwell Lee. “Richard Lee, the Emigrant 1613(?) - 1664.” ''The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography.'' 62.1 (1954): 38. JSTOR. Web. Retrieved 2015-03-23.</ref> The colonists in nearby Richmond were uneasy with the proximity of a potentially hostile force. Within two years, the [[Virginia General Assembly]] had given permission to Colonel Edward Hill to remove the Indian presence. His orders specifically stated<ref>Noel, Tricia. ''The Battle of Bloody Run''. Church Hill People’s News. 2014-12-02. Web. Retrieved 2015-03-23. [http://chpn.net/news/2014/12/02/the-battle-of-bloody-run_38689/ The Battle of Bloody Run]</ref> that war should only be a last resort.
In 1654, the expansion of the Iroquois Nation (during the [[Beaver Wars]]) displaced several tribes from their homelands around [[Lake Erie]]. One tribe moved south into Virginia, settling temporarily around the [[James River]]. Records of the time refer to these people as the "Richahecrians", while James Lederer said they were "[[Manahoac|Mahocks]] and [[Tutelo|Nahyssan]]s". The colonists in nearby Richmond were uneasy with the proximity of a potentially hostile force. Within two years, the [[Virginia General Assembly]] had given permission to Colonel Edward Hill to remove the Indian presence. His orders specifically stated that he was not to use force unless necessary.<ref>Noel, Tricia. ''The Battle of Bloody Run''. Church Hill People’s News. 2014-12-02. Web. Retrieved 2015-03-23. [http://chpn.net/news/2014/12/02/the-battle-of-bloody-run_38689/ The Battle of Bloody Run] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216195644/http://chpn.net/news/2014/12/02/the-battle-of-bloody-run_38689/ |date=2014-12-16 }}</ref> The General Assembly also specifically sent messages to Chief [[Totopotomoi]] and the Chichahominy Indians, requesting their assistance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vagenweb.org/hening/vol01-16.htm|title = Hening's Statutes at Large}}</ref>


Colonel Hill led the Colonial Rangers, reinforced by 100 Pamunkey warriors under Chief Totopotomoi. During the battle, Hill and his men retreated, resulting in the slaughter of their Indian allies, including Totopotomoi himself. The large number of casualties—nearly all of the Pamunkey warriors, and a good part of the Colonial Rangers—earned the site its name of Bloody Run, as the creek was said to have run red with blood. Afterward, Hill was disgraced because of his defeat, censured by the Virginia Assembly, and stripped of his rank.
Colonel Hill led the Colonial Rangers, reinforced by 100 Pamunkey warriors under Chief [[Totopotomoi]]. During the battle, Hill and his men retreated, resulting in the slaughter of their Indian allies, including Totopotomoi himself. The large number of casualties—nearly all of the Pamunkey warriors, and a good part of the Colonial Rangers—earned the site its name of Bloody Run, as the creek was said to have run red with blood. Afterward, Hill was disgraced because of his defeat, censured by the Virginia Assembly, and stripped of his rank.


The creek was the site of another bloody battle 20 years later,<ref>Howe, Henry (1852). ''Historical Collections of Virginia''. Wm. R. Babcock. p. 334.</ref> during [[Bacon’s Rebellion]], in 1676. More Indian incursions led the Virginia colonists to authorize [[Nathaniel Bacon]] to march against the Indians. The battle of Bacon’s Quarter Branch<ref>Howison, Robert Reid (1846). ''A History of Virginia: From Its Discovery and Settlement by Europeans to the Present Time, Volume 1.'' Carey & Hart. p. 359-60.</ref> took place near Bloody Run, and the creek was once again christened with blood.
The creek was the site of another bloody battle 20 years later,<ref>Howe, Henry (1852). ''Historical Collections of Virginia''. Wm. R. Babcock. p. 334.</ref> during [[Bacon’s Rebellion]], in 1676. More Indian incursions led the Virginia colonists to authorize [[Nathaniel Bacon (colonist)|Nathaniel Bacon]] to march against the Indians. The battle of Bacon’s Quarter Branch<ref>Howison, Robert Reid (1846). ''A History of Virginia: From Its Discovery and Settlement by Europeans to the Present Time, Volume 1.'' Carey & Hart. p. 359-60.</ref> took place near [[Bloody Run (West Branch Fishing Creek tributary)|Bloody Run]], and the creek was once again christened with blood.


Today, the site of the battle had been paved over and the creek and spring have dried up. The only indication of the site is a state-erected marker commemorating the event.<ref>Noel, Tricia. ''The Battle of Bloody Run''. Church Hill People’s News. 2014-12-02. Web. Retrieved 2015-03-23. [http://chpn.net/news/2014/12/02/the-battle-of-bloody-run_38689/ The Battle of Bloody Run]</ref>
Today, the site of the battle had been paved over and the creek and spring have dried up. The only indication of the site is a state-erected marker commemorating the event in the northwest corner of [[Chimborazo Park]].<ref>Noel, Tricia. ''The Battle of Bloody Run''. Church Hill People’s News. 2014-12-02. Web. Retrieved 2015-03-23. [http://chpn.net/news/2014/12/02/the-battle-of-bloody-run_38689/ The Battle of Bloody Run] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216195644/http://chpn.net/news/2014/12/02/the-battle-of-bloody-run_38689/ |date=2014-12-16 }}</ref>


==External links==
==External links==
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:History of Richmond, Virginia]]
[[Category:Military history of Richmond, Virginia]]
[[Category:Battles involving Native Americans]]
[[Category:Colony of Virginia]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1656]]
[[Category:1650s in the Thirteen Colonies]]

Latest revision as of 04:02, 24 February 2024

For the 1763 Battle of Bloody Run in Michigan, see Battle of Bloody Run.
Battle of Bloody Run

a marker erected concerning the battle
Date1656
Location
Bloody Run Creek, currently paved over, previously near 32nd Street, Richmond, Virginia
Result "Richahecrian" victory
Belligerents
"Richahecrian" tribe Virginia Colony
Pamunkey tribe
Commanders and leaders
unknown Colonel Edward Hill
Chief Totopotomoi †
Strength
500–600

~200 (100 Colonial Rangers and 100 Pamunkey warriors)

37°31′39″N 77°24′45″W / 37.527543°N 77.412425°W / 37.527543; -77.412425

The Battle of Bloody Run was fought in March or April 1656[1] near Richmond, Virginia.

In 1654, the expansion of the Iroquois Nation (during the Beaver Wars) displaced several tribes from their homelands around Lake Erie. One tribe moved south into Virginia, settling temporarily around the James River. Records of the time refer to these people as the "Richahecrians", while James Lederer said they were "Mahocks and Nahyssans". The colonists in nearby Richmond were uneasy with the proximity of a potentially hostile force. Within two years, the Virginia General Assembly had given permission to Colonel Edward Hill to remove the Indian presence. His orders specifically stated that he was not to use force unless necessary.[2] The General Assembly also specifically sent messages to Chief Totopotomoi and the Chichahominy Indians, requesting their assistance.[3]

Colonel Hill led the Colonial Rangers, reinforced by 100 Pamunkey warriors under Chief Totopotomoi. During the battle, Hill and his men retreated, resulting in the slaughter of their Indian allies, including Totopotomoi himself. The large number of casualties—nearly all of the Pamunkey warriors, and a good part of the Colonial Rangers—earned the site its name of Bloody Run, as the creek was said to have run red with blood. Afterward, Hill was disgraced because of his defeat, censured by the Virginia Assembly, and stripped of his rank.

The creek was the site of another bloody battle 20 years later,[4] during Bacon’s Rebellion, in 1676. More Indian incursions led the Virginia colonists to authorize Nathaniel Bacon to march against the Indians. The battle of Bacon’s Quarter Branch[5] took place near Bloody Run, and the creek was once again christened with blood.

Today, the site of the battle had been paved over and the creek and spring have dried up. The only indication of the site is a state-erected marker commemorating the event in the northwest corner of Chimborazo Park.[6]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The General Assembly of Virginia addressed the problem of 500 or so 'new Indians' along the James River and ordered messages be sent to Totopotomoi requesting his assistance in their 10 March 1656 session
  2. ^ Noel, Tricia. The Battle of Bloody Run. Church Hill People’s News. 2014-12-02. Web. Retrieved 2015-03-23. The Battle of Bloody Run Archived 2014-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Hening's Statutes at Large".
  4. ^ Howe, Henry (1852). Historical Collections of Virginia. Wm. R. Babcock. p. 334.
  5. ^ Howison, Robert Reid (1846). A History of Virginia: From Its Discovery and Settlement by Europeans to the Present Time, Volume 1. Carey & Hart. p. 359-60.
  6. ^ Noel, Tricia. The Battle of Bloody Run. Church Hill People’s News. 2014-12-02. Web. Retrieved 2015-03-23. The Battle of Bloody Run Archived 2014-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
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