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{{short description|Compact executive car manufactured by Opel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Redirect|Chevrolet Vectra|the version of the car sold in Brazil from 2009-2011|Opel Astra}}
{{Redirect|Chevrolet Vectra|the version of the car sold in Brazil from 2009 to 2011|Opel Astra}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Opel Vectra
| name = Opel Vectra
| image = Opel Vectra C 2.2 Direkt front.JPG
| image = Opel Vectra C 2.2 Direkt front.JPG
| caption = Opel Vectra C
| caption = Opel Vectra C ([[Facelift (automotive)|facelift]])
| manufacturer = [[Opel]]
| manufacturer = [[Opel]] ([[General Motors]])
| aka = {{ubl
| production = 1988–2009
| Chevrolet Vectra
| predecessor = [[Opel Ascona]]
| Holden Vectra
| successor = [[Opel Insignia]]
| [[Vauxhall Cavalier]] (1988–1995)
| class = [[Large family car]]
| Vauxhall Vectra (1995–2008)
}}
| production = October 1988 – June 2010<!--2010 is correct; still produced in Ireland until then-->
| class = [[Large family car]] ([[D-segment]])
| layout = [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, front-wheel-drive]]/[[four-wheel-drive]]
| predecessor = [[Opel Ascona]]<br />[[Vauxhall Cavalier]]<br>[[Holden Camira]] / [[Holden Apollo]] (Holden Vectra)
| successor = [[Opel Insignia]]
}}
}}


The '''Opel Vectra''' is a [[large family car]] that was engineered and produced by the German automaker [[Opel]]. In the United Kingdom, the car was sold under the [[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]] [[marque]] as the '''[[Vauxhall Cavalier#Mark III (1988–95)|Vauxhall Cavalier]]''' and later as the '''Vauxhall Vectra''', from 1995 onwards. It has also been sold by [[Holden]] in [[Australasia]] as '''Holden Vectra''', and by [[Chevrolet]] in Latin America as the '''Chevrolet Vectra'''.
The '''Opel Vectra''' is a [[mid-size car]] ([[large family car]]) that was engineered and produced by the German automaker [[Opel]] from 1988 until 2010. Available in [[Sedan (automobile)|saloon]], [[hatchback]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parkers.co.uk/vauxhall/vectra/review/ |title=Vauxhall Vectra Hatchback (2005 - 2008) review |last=Ross |first=David |date=2019-06-06 |work=[[Parker's Car Guides]] |access-date=2022-04-09}}</ref> and [[Station wagon|estate]] (from [[model year]] 1997 onwards) body styles, the Vectra was also sold by the [[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]] [[marque]] in the [[United Kingdom]] as the [[Vauxhall Cavalier]] from 1988 to 1995 and then as the '''Vauxhall Vectra''' from 1995 to 2008, and it was also sold by [[Holden]] in Australia as the '''Holden Vectra''', by [[Chevrolet]] in Latin America as the '''Chevrolet Vectra'''.

The Vectra was introduced in October 1988 as a replacement for the [[Opel Ascona]], and was itself replaced in November 2008 by the new [[Opel Insignia]], the nameplate spanning three generations and almost twenty one years.


The Vectra was introduced in October 1988 as a replacement to the [[Opel Ascona]], and itself was replaced in 2009 by the [[Opel Insignia]], the nameplate spanning twenty one years and three generations of car.
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== {{anchor|Vectra A}} Vectra A (1988–1995)==
== {{anchor|Vectra A}} Vectra A (1988–1995) ==
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Vectra A
| name = Vectra A
| image = Opel Vectra front 20071109.jpg
| image = 1992 Opel Vectra A 1.8 (15497994005) (cropped).jpg
| aka = Chevrolet Vectra<br />Holden Vectra (New Zealand)<br />Vauxhall Cavalier
| aka = Chevrolet Vectra<br />Holden Vectra (New Zealand)<br />[[Vauxhall Cavalier]]
| production = 1988–1995
| production = October 1988 – October 1995
| assembly = {{ubl
| assembly = [[Luton]], England<br />[[Eisenach]], Germany<br />[[Rüsselsheim]], Germany<br />[[São Caetano do Sul]], Brazil<br/>[[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]]<br/>[[6th of October City]], [[Egypt]] ([[GM Egypt]])<ref>{{cite web|author=Satyam |url=http://www.gmegypt.com/content_data/LAAM/ME/en/GBPME/999/EG/gm_history.html?cntryCd=EG |title=Welcome to GMArabia.com |publisher=Gmegypt.com |accessdate=2 October 2010}}</ref>
| Germany: [[Eisenach]]
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (automobile)|saloon]]<br />5-door [[hatchback]]
| Germany: [[Rüsselsheim]]
| layout = [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, front-wheel-drive]] or [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|four-wheel-drive]]
| Belgium: [[Antwerp]]
| Brazil: [[São Caetano do Sul]] (1993–1996)
| [[Egypt]]: [[6th of October City]] ([[General Motors Egypt|GME]]; 1994–1996)<ref>{{cite web |author=Satyam |url=http://www.gmegypt.com/content_data/LAAM/ME/en/GBPME/999/EG/gm_history.html?cntryCd=EG |title=Welcome to GMArabia.com |publisher=Gmegypt.com |access-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809144456/http://www.gmegypt.com/content_data/LAAM/ME/en/GBPME/999/EG/gm_history.html?cntryCd=EG |archive-date=9 August 2010}}</ref>
| England: [[Luton]]
| Indonesia: [[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]] ({{abbr|GMBI|General Motors Buana Indonesia}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=GM Bakal Buka Lagi Pabrik Perakitan di Pondok Ungu |url=https://oto.detik.com/berita/d-1063366/gm-bakal-buka-lagi-pabrik-perakitan-di-pondok-ungu |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=detikoto |language=id-ID}}</ref>
| Turkey: [[Torbalı]], [[İzmir Province|İzmir]]<ref name=TV0291.16>{{cite magazine | ref = CC91 | title = Opel Vectra numera turkisk | trans-title = Opel Vectra is Turkish nowadays | language = sv | magazine = [[Teknikens Värld]] | publisher = Specialtidningsförlaget AB | location = Stockholm, Sweden | pages = 16-17 | date = 1991-01-24 | issue = 2 | volume = 43 | editor-first = Claes | editor-last = Johansson }}</ref>
| Venezuela: [[Caracas]] (General Motors Valencia)
| Yugoslavia: [[Kikinda]] ([[IDA-Opel]])
}}
| designer = [[Wayne Cherry]]
| body_style = 4-door [[notchback]] [[sedan (automobile)|saloon]]<br />5-door [[hatchback]]
| platform = [[GM2900 platform]]
| platform = [[GM2900 platform]]
| related = [[Opel Calibra]]<br />[[Saab 900|Saab 900 (NG)]]
| engine = {{ubl |1.4 L ''[[14NV]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] ([[petrol]])|1.6 L ''[[C16NZ]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.6 L ''[[E16NZ]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.6 L ''[[E16NZ2]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.6 L ''[[16SV]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.6 L ''[[X16SZ]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.7 L ''[[List of Isuzu engines#4EE1|4EE1]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] ([[turbocharger|turbocharged]] [[diesel engine|diesel]])|1.7 L ''17D'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (diesel)|1.7 L ''17DR'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (diesel)|1.8 L ''[[18SV]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.8 L ''[[C18SV]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.8 L ''[[E18NVR]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.8 L ''[[C18NZ]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.0 L ''[[20NE]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.0 L ''[[20SEH]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.0 L ''[[C20NE]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.0 L ''[[20XE]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.0 L ''[[C20XE]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.0 L ''[[C20LET]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (turbocharged petrol)|2.5 L ''[[C25XE]]'' [[V6]] (petrol)}}
| layout =
| engine = {{ubl
| '''[[Petrol engine|Petrol]]:'''
| 1.4&nbsp;L ''[[14NV]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
| 1.6&nbsp;L ''[[C16NZ]]/[[E16NZ]]/[[16SV]]/[[Opel Family 1 engine#1.6|16LZ2]]/[[X16SZ]]'' I4
| 1.8&nbsp;L ''[[18SV]]/[[C18SV]]/[[E18NVR]]/[[C18NZ]]'' I4
| 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[20NE]]/[[C20NE]]/[[20SEH]]'' I4
| 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[20XE]]/[[C20XE]]'' [[DOHC]] [[Multi-valve|16V]] I4
| 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[C20LET]]'' DOHC 16V [[Turbocharger|turbo]] I4
| 2.2&nbsp;L ''[[GM Family II engine#C22NE|C22NE]]'' I4 (Brazil){{cn|date=November 2024}}
| 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[C25XE]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]]
| '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]:'''
| 1686&nbsp;cc ''[[List of Isuzu engines#4EE1|4EE1]]'' turbo I4
| 1700&nbsp;cc ''[[17D]]/[[17DR]]'' I4
}}
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] (F10/5, F13/5, F16/5, F20/5)<br />6-speed [[Getrag]] manual<br />(F28/6)<br />4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
| transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] (F10/5, F13/5, F16/5, F20/5)<br />6-speed [[Getrag]] manual<br />(F28/6)<br />4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
| wheelbase = {{convert|2600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
Line 34: Line 70:
| width = {{convert|1700|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1700|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1400|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1400|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|997|-|1199|kg|lb|abbr=on}} (4-cyl petrols)
| weight = {{convert|997|-|1199|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (4-cyl petrols)
| caption = (Pre-facelift)
| related = [[Opel Calibra]]
}}{{Multiple image
| designer = [[Wayne Cherry]]
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Opel Vectra 1.6i (cropped).jpg
| caption1 = Saloon (pre-facelift)
| image2 = Opel Vectra A hatchback.jpg
| caption2 = Hatchback (pre-facelift)
| align = left
}}
}}
The first generation Vectra, known as the Vectra A, was introduced in October 1988 for the 1989 model year, as a four-door [[notchback]] [[sedan (car)|saloon]], replacing the [[Opel Ascona]] C. A five-door [[hatchback]] version arrived in March 1989, and a [[coupé]] based on the Vectra, called the [[Opel Calibra|Calibra]], was introduced in the end of that year. Both cars were designed by [[Wayne Cherry]], Opel’s design chief at the time. The Vectra name was coined by [[Manfred Gotta]].


Vauxhall Motors, the British GM subsidiary that shared most of its models with Opel, did not use the "Vectra" model name - opting instead to continue the use of the Cavalier nameplate - effectively making the Vectra A a third-generation Cavalier when carrying Vauxhall branding. It was not until the introduction of the Vectra B into the United Kingdom in October 1995 that the Cavalier name was retired in favour of Vectra. However, [[left hand drive]] Opel Vectras were produced at Vauxhall's [[Luton]] plant for export to other European countries.<ref name="EIU">[https://books.google.com/books?id=KNITAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Left+hand+drive+Opel+Vectras%22 ''European Motor Business''], Issues 24-27, Economist Intelligence Unit, 1991, page 102</ref>
The first generation Vectra, known as the Vectra A, was introduced in October 1988, as a saloon and hatchback, replacing the [[Opel Ascona]] C. A [[coupé]] based on the Vectra, called the [[Opel Calibra|Calibra]], was introduced the following year. Both cars were designed by the Opel design chief at the time, [[Wayne Cherry]]. Vauxhall Motors, the British GM subsidiary that shared most of its models with Opel, did not use the "Vectra" model name until Vauxhall introduced the name into the UK in 1995. The 1989 Vectra came in Base, LS, GL, GLS, CD, and GT models, its sister model was the third generation [[Vauxhall Cavalier#Mark III (1988–95)|Cavalier]].


The 1989 Vectra came in Base, LS, GL, GLS, CD, and GT models, its sister model was the third-generation [[Vauxhall Cavalier Mark III|Cavalier]]. Engines ranged initially from a {{cvt|75|PS|kW|0}} 1.4&nbsp;L to a {{cvt|130|PS|kW|0}} 2.0&nbsp;L [[GM Family II engine|Family II]]. The top-of-the-line Vectra 2000 16V arrived in September 1989. Its sixteen valve version of the 2.0&nbsp;L engine produces {{cvt|150|PS|kW|0}} and was only available with the sedan bodywork, with available four-wheel drive.
[[File:1994 Holden Vectra 1.7 TD GL Sedan (7418893486).jpg|thumb|left|1994–1997 Holden Vectra GL sedan (New Zealand)]]


The sixteen-valve engine also appeared in GT (GSi in some markets) models after the facelift, now mainly as a hatchback. Two [[four-wheel drive]] versions were added to the lineup in January 1989, with either of the 2-litre engines, and in September 1992 the car received a limited edition [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] version with {{cvt|204|PS|kW|0}}. In {{F1|1994}}, the 4x4 turbo version of the Vectra was used as the [[Safety Car#Formula One|Safety Car]] in [[Formula One]].
Engines ranged initially from a 75&nbsp;PS (55&nbsp;kW) 1.4&nbsp;L to a 130&nbsp;PS (96&nbsp;kW) 2.0&nbsp;L [[Family II engine|Family II]]. With the introduction of [[Euro I]] emissions regulations, the base model was replaced by a 1.6&nbsp;L with the same output, while the top of the line was given to a 16-valve version of the 2.0&nbsp;L engine, which powered the GT (GSI) version, and had 150&nbsp;PS (110&nbsp;kW). [[Four-wheel drive]] versions were added to the lineup in 1990, and in 1993, the car received a limited edition [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] version, with 204&nbsp;PS (150&nbsp;kW). The 1.4-litre engine was not available in all markets, and even then, it was only available in basic trims (Base/L in United Kingdom, LS/GL in Europe). A 2.5&nbsp;L [[V6 engine]] appeared towards the later stages of the Vectra's life, developing 170 PS (125&nbsp;kW), turning the car into a relaxed motorway cruiser rather than give it sporty pretensions.


Most notably, it was deployed at the [[1994 San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino Grand Prix]].
There were a choice of two [[diesel engine]]s; one was an [[Isuzu]] 1.7&nbsp;L [[List of Isuzu engines#4EE1|4EE1]] [[Inline-four engine|inline-four]] unit, in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged form (1,686&nbsp;cc), this one capable of achieving 82&nbsp;PS (60&nbsp;kW), and an Opel designed 1.7 "low blow" [[turbodiesel]] (1,699&nbsp;cc), and naturally aspirated diesel unit, delivering up to {{convert|68|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}. Both units have a reputation for longevity, especially [[Isuzu]] developed units, which were also regarded as some of the most refined diesels available at the time.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}


The 1.4-litre engine was not available in all markets, and even then, it was generally only available in basic trims (Base/L in United Kingdom, LS/GL in Europe). In markets as Italy, where smaller engines were favored by the taxation system, a better equipped 1.4 GLS was also offered.<ref name="QR0189">{{cite magazine | magazine = Quattroruote | ref = crescono | title = Per lei ci vuole il "duemila" | trans-title = For her, it takes two-thousand | language = it | date = January 1989 | volume = 34 | issue = 399 | publisher = Editoriale Domus | location = Milan, Italy | first = Guido | last = Costantini | page = 117 }}</ref> With the introduction of [[Euro I]] emissions regulations, the 1.4 was replaced by a 1.6&nbsp;L with the same output for most markets.
The front [[Suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] was fully [[Independent suspension|independent]], with [[MacPherson strut]]s, pressed steel lower control arms, and an [[Sway bar|anti-roll bar]]. The front suspension, together with the major mechanicals (engine and transmission) is remotely mounted on a front [[subframe]]. On front wheel drive models, the rear suspension is semi-independent, consisting of a torsion beam [[axle]] linked to trailing arms, with double conical [[coil spring]]s and direct acting telescopic [[Hydraulics|hydraulic]] [[shock absorber]]s, with certain models also having an anti-roll bar. On the four wheel drive GSi, 4x4 and Turbo models, the rear suspension is a subframe-mounted fully independent design, with semi-trailing arms, double conical coil springs, direct acting gas-assisted telescopic shock absorbers, and an anti-roll bar. [[Steering]] gear is a [[rack and pinion]] type (manual or power assisted, depending on model), mounted on the [[bulkhead (partition)|bulkhead]] ([[Firewall (construction)|firewall]]), with a telescopically deformable [[steering column]].


A 2.5&nbsp;L [[V6 engine]] appeared towards the later stages of the Vectra's life, developing 170 PS (125&nbsp;kW), turning the car into a relaxed motorway cruiser rather than giving it sporty pretensions. There were a choice of two [[diesel engine]]s; one was an [[Isuzu]] 1.7&nbsp;L [[List of Isuzu engines#4EE1|4EE1]] [[Inline-four engine|inline-four]] unit, in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged form (1686&nbsp;cc), this one capable of achieving {{cvt|82|PS|kW|0}}, and an Opel designed 1.7 "low blow" [[turbodiesel]] (1699&nbsp;cc), and naturally aspirated diesel unit, delivering {{cvt|57|to|60|PS|kW|0}}.
The Vectra also received a refresh in 1992.<ref>{{cite web | last = Aucock | first = Richard |date=August 2006 | url = http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/carreviews/usedcartests/202257/vauxhall_vectra.html | title = Vauxhall Vectra | work = Auto Express | publisher = [[Dennis Publishing]] | accessdate = 14 March 2009}}</ref> The range received new front grilles and a black plastic strip above the rear tail lights, along with an upgrade to the structure for improved crashworthiness. [[Airbag]]s became available from 1993 onward.


The front [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] was fully [[Independent suspension|independent]], with [[MacPherson strut]]s, pressed steel lower control arms, and an [[anti-roll bar]]. The front suspension, together with the major mechanicals (engine and transmission) is remotely mounted on a front [[subframe]]. On front wheel drive models, the rear suspension is semi independent, consisting of a [[torsion beam]] linked to trailing arms, with double conical [[coil spring]]s and direct acting telescopic [[Hydraulics|hydraulic]] [[shock absorber]]s, with certain models also having an anti roll bar.
The Vectra gave birth to a [[coupé]] version, the [[Opel Calibra]], which shared the Vectra's platform, gearbox and several engines.


On the four wheel drive GSi, 4x4 and Turbo models, the rear suspension is a subframe mounted fully independent design, with semi trailing arms, double conical coil springs, direct acting gas assisted telescopic shock absorbers, and an anti roll bar. [[Steering]] gear is a [[rack and pinion]]-type (manual or power assisted, depending on model), mounted on the [[bulkhead (partition)|bulkhead]] ([[firewall (construction)|firewall]]), with a telescopically deformable [[steering column]].
In New Zealand, the Vectra A was offered initially as an Opel, but it wore [[Holden]] badges from 1994. It was not sold in Australia, where Holden instead offered a [[badge engineering|rebadged]] [[Toyota Camry]] called [[Holden Apollo|Apollo]] until 1997.


===Facelift (1992)===
In Brazil, the Chevrolet-badged Vectra A was not introduced until 1993, when it replaced the [[Chevrolet Monza]], a restyled version of the Ascona C.
The Vectra also received a refresh in September 1992.<ref>{{cite web | last = Aucock | first = Richard |date=August 2006 | url = http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/carreviews/usedcartests/202257/vauxhall_vectra.html | title = Vauxhall Vectra | work = Auto Express | publisher = Dennis Publishing | access-date = 14 March 2009}}</ref> The range received new front grilles and a black plastic strip above the rear taillamps, along with an upgrade to the structure for improved [[crashworthiness]]. [[Airbag]]s became available onwards from 1993.


In [[Egypt]], the Opel Vectra A was not introduced until 1994 through GM Egypt Dealerships, and started production in late 1994 by GM Egypt through early 1996 with a range of 1.6 GL, 2.0 GL trim and 2.0 GLS trim and only Saloon body style boosting strong sales during this short run.


<gallery widths=200 heights=140>
This was similar to the [[Opel Kadett]]
1994 Opel Vectra hatchback 1.6i (51238557630) (2).jpg|Hatchback (facelift)
1995 Opel Vectra 1.8i GLS (cropped).jpg|Saloon (facelift)
Opel Vectra 1.8i Hatchback (2).jpg|Hatchback (facelift)
</gallery>


In New Zealand, the Vectra A was offered initially as an Opel between 1989 and 1994, but it wore [[Holden]] badges between 1994 and 1996 until the introduction of the Vectra B. It was not sold in Australia, where Holden instead offered a [[rebranding (automobile)|rebadged]] [[Toyota Camry]] called [[Holden Apollo|Apollo]] until 1997. In Japan, the Vectra (and [[Opel Omega|Omega]]) were the first Opels to be distributed by Isuzu Motors Ltd. rather than long standing importer Toho Motors (東邦モーターズ), beginning in July 1989.<ref name="Wards90">{{cite book | ref = WYB90 | title=Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1990 | publisher = Ward's Communications, Inc | location = Detroit, MI | editor-last1 = Stark | editor-first1 = Harry A. | editor-last2 = Bush | editor-first2 = James W. | volume = 52 | date = 1990 | page = 284 | isbn = ((0910589010)) }}</ref>
In {{F1|1994}}, the European Turbo 4x4 version of the Vectra was used in [[Formula One]] as its [[Safety Car#Formula One|Safety Car]]. Most notably, it was deployed at the [[1994 San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino Grand Prix]] where it was regarded as being inadequate for the role following [[Ayrton Senna]]'s [[Ayrton Senna death|fatal]] crash.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hassall|first=David|url=http://www.wheelsmag.com.au/features/1405/senna-20th-anniversary/#image-0|title=Senna 20th anniversary|date=1 May 2014|accessdate=3 April 2015}}</ref>


In [[Egypt]], the Opel Vectra A was not introduced until 1994 through GM Egypt dealerships, and started production in the end of 1994 by GM Egypt through the beginning of 1996, with a range of 1.6 GL, 2.0 GL trim and 2.0 GLS trim and only Saloon body style boosting strong sales during this short run. This was similar to the [[Opel Kadett]].
<gallery>

File:Opel Vectra rear 20071109.jpg|Rear view
===Chevrolet Vectra (Brazil)===
File:Opel Vectra rear 20071011.jpg|Opel Vectra A hatchback (1989–1992)
In Brazil, the Chevrolet badged Vectra A was not introduced until 1993, when it replaced the top versions of [[Opel Ascona C|Chevrolet Monza]], a restyled version of the Ascona C. The first Brazilian model had two engine options: [[GM Family II engine#2.0|2.0 8 valve]], for the GLS and CD versions and the [[GM Family II engine#C20XE|2.0 16 valve]] with 150&nbsp;hp imported from Germany, the later only available for the GSI version. The assembly of the Vectra A goes until 1996, when the Vectra B was launched. Its production was made from CKD.
File:Opel Vectra 2000 1989-1992.JPG|Opel Vectra A ''2000'' (1989–1992)

File:Opel Vectra front 20080102.jpg|Facelifted Opel Vectra A sedan (1992–1995)
<gallery widths=200 heights=140>
File:Opel Vectra rear 20080102.jpg|Rear view
1992 Vauxhall Cavalier Automatic 1.6.jpg|[[Vauxhall Cavalier]] (pre-facelift)
1995 Holden Vectra 2.0 GLS.jpg|Holden Vectra (facelift)
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 74: Line 123:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
|-
|-
! Engine Model
! Engine model
! Displ.
! Displ.
! Power
! Power
! Torque
! Torque
! Fueling System
! Fueling system
! Valvetrain
! Valvetrain
! Top speed
! Top speed
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 14NV
| style="text-align:left;"| 14NV
| '''1389 cc'''
| '''1.4 L'''
| {{convert|55|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5600 rpm
| {{convert|55|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,600 rpm
| {{convert|108|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 3000 rpm
| {{convert|108|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm
| Carburettor
| Carburettor
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 91: Line 140:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 16SV
| style="text-align:left;"| 16SV
| '''1598 cc'''
| '''1.6 L'''
| {{convert|60|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5200 rpm
| {{convert|60|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,200 rpm
| {{convert|130|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2600 rpm
| {{convert|130|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm
| Carburettor
| Carburettor
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 99: Line 148:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| C16NZ(2)
| style="text-align:left;"| C16NZ(2)
| '''1598 cc'''
| '''1.6 L'''
| {{convert|55|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5200 rpm
| {{convert|55|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,200 rpm
| {{convert|127|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2600 rpm
| {{convert|127|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm
| SPFI
| SPFI
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 107: Line 156:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| E16NZ
| style="text-align:left;"| E16NZ
| '''1598 cc'''
| '''1.6 L'''
| {{convert|55|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5200 rpm
| {{convert|55|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,200 rpm
| {{convert|125|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2600 rpm
| {{convert|125|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm
| SPFI
| SPFI
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 115: Line 164:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| X16SZR
| style="text-align:left;"| X16SZR
| '''1598 cc'''
| '''1.6 L'''
| {{convert|52|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5000 rpm
| {{convert|52|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,000 rpm
| {{convert|128|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2800 rpm
| {{convert|128|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,800 rpm
| SPFI
| SPFI
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 123: Line 172:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 18SV
| style="text-align:left;"| 18SV
| '''1796 cc'''
| '''1.8 L'''
| {{convert|66|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5400 rpm
| {{convert|66|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,400 rpm
| {{convert|148|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2800 rpm
| {{convert|148|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,800 rpm
| Carburettor
| Carburettor
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 131: Line 180:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| E18NVR
| style="text-align:left;"| E18NVR
| '''1796 cc'''
| '''1.8 L'''
| {{convert|65|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5400 rpm
| {{convert|65|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,400 rpm
| {{convert|143|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2800 rpm
| {{convert|143|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,800 rpm
| Carburettor
| Carburettor
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 139: Line 188:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| C18NZ
| style="text-align:left;"| C18NZ
| '''1796 cc'''
| '''1.8 L'''
| {{convert|66|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5400 rpm
| {{convert|66|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,400 rpm
| {{convert|145|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 3000 rpm
| {{convert|145|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 3,000 rpm
| SPFI
| SPFI
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 147: Line 196:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| C20NEF
| style="text-align:left;"| C20NEF
| '''1998 cc'''
| '''2.0 L'''
| {{convert|74|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5200 rpm
| {{convert|74|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,200 rpm
| {{convert|158|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2600 rpm
| {{convert|158|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm
| MPFI
| MPFI
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 155: Line 204:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 20NE
| style="text-align:left;"| 20NE
| '''1998 cc'''
| '''2.0 L'''
| {{convert|85|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5200 rpm
| {{convert|85|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,200 rpm
| {{convert|175|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2600 rpm
| {{convert|175|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm
| MPFI
| MPFI
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 163: Line 212:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| C20NE
| style="text-align:left;"| C20NE
| '''1998 cc'''
| '''2.0 L'''
| {{convert|85|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5200 rpm
| {{convert|85|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,200 rpm
| {{convert|170|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2600 rpm
| {{convert|170|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm
| MPFI
| MPFI
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 171: Line 220:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 20SEH
| style="text-align:left;"| 20SEH
| '''1998 cc'''
| '''2.0 L'''
| {{convert|95|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5600 rpm
| {{convert|95|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,600 rpm
| {{convert|180|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 4600 rpm
| {{convert|180|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,600 rpm
| MPFI
| MPFI
| SOHC
| SOHC
| {{convert|206|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|206|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|-
|style="text-align:left;"| 22NE
| '''2.2 L'''{{cn|date=November 2024}}
| {{convert|103|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,200 rpm
| {{convert|207|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,600 rpm
| MPFI
| SOHC
| {{convert|202|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 20XEJ
| style="text-align:left;"| 20XEJ
| '''1998 cc'''
| '''2.0 L'''
| {{convert|110|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 6000 rpm
| {{convert|110|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm
| {{convert|196|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 4800 rpm
| {{convert|196|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,800 rpm
| MPFI
| MPFI
| DOHC
| DOHC
Line 187: Line 244:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| C20XE
| style="text-align:left;"| C20XE
| '''1998 cc'''
| '''2.0 L'''
| {{convert|110|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 6000 rpm
| {{convert|110|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm
| {{convert|196|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 4800 rpm
| {{convert|196|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,800 rpm
| MPFI
| MPFI
| DOHC
| DOHC
Line 195: Line 252:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| X20XEV
| style="text-align:left;"| X20XEV
| '''1998 cc'''
| '''2.0 L'''
| {{convert|100|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5600 rpm
| {{convert|100|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,600 rpm
| {{convert|185|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 4000 rpm
| {{convert|185|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,000 rpm
| MPFI
| MPFI
| DOHC
| DOHC
Line 203: Line 260:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| C20LET
| style="text-align:left;"| C20LET
| '''1998 cc'''
| '''2.0 L'''
| {{convert|150|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5600 rpm
| {{convert|150|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,600 rpm
| {{convert|280|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2400 rpm
| {{convert|280|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,400 rpm
| MPFI, [[Turbocharger|Turbo]]
| MPFI, [[Turbocharger|Turbo]]
| DOHC
| DOHC
Line 211: Line 268:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| C25XE
| style="text-align:left;"| C25XE
| '''2498 cc'''
| '''2.5 L'''
| {{convert|125|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 6000 rpm
| {{convert|125|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm
| {{convert|227|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 4200 rpm
| {{convert|227|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,200 rpm
| MPFI
| MPFI
| DOHC
| DOHC
Line 219: Line 276:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 17D
| style="text-align:left;"| 17D
| '''1699cc'''
| '''1.7 L'''
| {{convert|42|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 4600 rpm
| {{cvt|57|PS|kW PS hp|0|order=out}} at 4,600 rpm<br>{{cvt|60|PS|kW PS hp|0|order=out}} at 4,600 rpm
| {{convert|105|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2400–2600 rpm
| {{convert|105|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,400–2,600 rpm
| Bosch injection pump
| Bosch injection pump
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 227: Line 284:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 17DR
| style="text-align:left;"| 17DR
| '''1699 cc'''
| '''1.7 L'''
| {{convert|44|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 4600 rpm
| {{convert|44|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4,600 rpm
| {{convert|105|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2400–2600 rpm
| {{convert|105|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,400–2,600 rpm
| Bosch injection pump
| Bosch injection pump
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 235: Line 292:
|-
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| TC4EE1
| style="text-align:left;"| TC4EE1
| '''1686 cc'''
| '''1.7 L'''
| {{convert|60|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 4400 rpm
| {{convert|60|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4,400 rpm
| {{convert|168|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} @ 2400 rpm
| {{convert|168|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,400 rpm
| Bosch injection pump
| Bosch injection pump
| SOHC
| SOHC
Line 246: Line 303:
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Vectra B
| name = Vectra B
| image = Opel Vectra front 20080118.jpg
| image = Opel Vectra (13033887374) (2).jpg
| aka = Chevrolet Vectra<br />Holden Vectra<br />Vauxhall Vectra
| aka = Chevrolet Vectra<br />Holden Vectra<br />Vauxhall Vectra
| production = 1995–2002
| production = October 1995 – March 2002
| assembly = [[Ellesmere Port]], England, UK<br />[[Luton]], England, UK<br />[[Rüsselsheim]], Germany<br /> [[Antwerp]], Belgium<br />[[6th of October City]], [[Egypt]] (1998–2002) ([[GM Egypt]])<br /> [[Elizabeth, South Australia|Elizabeth, S.A.]], Australia (1998–1999)<br />[[São Caetano do Sul]] (1996-2005), Brazil<br />[[İzmir]], Turkey (1996-2002)
| assembly = Australia (1998–1999): [[Elizabeth, South Australia|Elizabeth, S.A.]] (GM-Holden Elizabeth)<br /> Belgium: [[Antwerp]] (Opel Antwerp plant)<br /> Brazil (1996–2005): [[São Caetano do Sul]] (GM em São Caetano)<br /> [[Egypt]] (1998–2005): [[6th of October City]] ([[General Motors Egypt|GME]])<br /> England: [[Luton]] (Luton car assembly plant)<br /> Germany: [[Rüsselsheim]]<br /> Taiwan (1997–2000): [[Xinzhuang District]] (Chinese Automobile Co., Ltd.)<br /> Turkey (1996–2002): Torbalı, [[İzmir]] (GM Turkiye Ltd.)
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (automobile)|saloon]]<br />5-door [[hatchback]]<br />5-door [[station wagon|estate]]
| body_style = 4-door saloon<br />5-door hatchback<br />5-door estate
| platform = [[GM2900 platform]]
| platform = [[GM2900 platform]]
| wheelbase = {{convert|2640|mm|in}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2640|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4480|mm|in}}
| length = {{convert|4480|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (saloon/hatchback)<br>{{convert|4490|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (estate)
| width = {{convert|1710|mm|in}}
| width = {{convert|1710|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1420|mm|in}}
| height = {{convert|1420|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1270|kg|lb}}–{{convert|1325|kg|lb}}
| weight = {{convert|1270|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}–{{convert|1325|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| related = [[Saturn L-Series]]
| related = [[Saturn L-Series]]<br>[[Saab 9-5|Saab 9-5 (first generation)]]
| engine = {{unbulleted list
| engine = {{ubl |1.6 L ''16LZ2'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] ([[petrol engine|petrol]])|1.6 L ''X16SZR'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.6 L ''[[GM Family 1 engine#Ecotec|X16XEL]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|1.7 L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] ([[Diesel engine|diesel]])|1.8 L ''[[GM Family 1 engine#Ecotec|X18XE]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.0 L ''20NEJ'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.0 L ''[[X20XEV]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.0 L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (diesel)|2.2 L ''C22SEL'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.2 L ''[[GM Ecotec engine#L61|Z22SE]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (petrol)|2.2L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] (diesel)|2.5 L ''[[GM 54-Degree V6 engine#2.5|X25XE]]'' [[V6]] (petrol)|2.6 L ''[[GM 54-Degree V6 engine#2.6|Y26SE]]'' [[V6]] (petrol)|3.0 L ''[[GM 54-Degree V6 engine#3.0|Ecotec]]'' [[V6]] (petrol)}}
| '''[[Petrol engine|Petrol]]:'''
| 1.6 L ''16LZ2'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]]
| 1.6 L ''X16SZR'' I4
| 1.6 L ''[[GM Family 1 engine#Ecotec|X16XEL]]'' I4
| 1.8 L ''[[GM Family 1 engine#Ecotec|X18XE]]'' I4
| 2.0 L ''20NEJ'' I4
| 2.0 L ''[[X20XEV]]'' I4
| 2.2 L ''C22SEL'' I4
| 2.2 L ''[[GM Ecotec engine#L61|Z22SE]]'' I4
| 2.5 L ''[[General Motors 54° V6 engine#2.5|X25XE]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]]
| 2.5 L ''[[General Motors 54° V6 engine#2.5|X25XEI]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]]
| 2.6 L ''[[General Motors 54° V6 engine#2.6|Y26SE]]'' V6
| '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]:'''
| 1.7 L ''[[Circle L engine|Circle L]]'' I4
| 2.0 L DTi I4
| 2.2 L DTi I4
}}
| transmission = 4-speed automatic<br>5-speed manual
| transmission = 4-speed automatic<br>5-speed manual
| caption = Pre-facelift
}}{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = 1999 Holden Vectra (JS) CD sedan (2015-05-28).jpg
| caption1 = Saloon (Holden Vectra)
| image2 = 1998 Vauxhall Vectra 1.8 16v GLS (cropped).jpg
| caption2 = Hatchback (Vauxhall Vectra)
| align = left
| image3 = Vauxhall Vectra LS 1.8-16V Estate (1997).jpg
| caption3 = Estate (Vauxhall Vectra)
| header = Pre-facelift
}}
}}
The second model, the '''Vectra B''', was introduced in October 1995 for the 1996 model year, at the [[Frankfurt Motor Show#1995|Frankfurt Motor Show]], and the model range came to include an [[Station wagon|estate]] version for the first time. This model replaced the [[Vauxhall Cavalier]] in the United Kingdom. The five-door [[station wagon|estate]] version premiered in September 1996, with the tagline '''‘One step ahead of the Mob’'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/week-vauxhall-launching-estate-version-its-vectra/53520|title=THIS WEEK: Vauxhall is launching the estate version of its Vectra ...|publisher=www.campaignlive.co.uk|date=7 November 1996|access-date=7 December 2017}}</ref>


The second model, the Vectra B, was introduced in 1995, and the model range included an estate version for the first time. This model replaced the [[Vauxhall Cavalier]] in the UK. The Vauxhall badged Vectra B was the last Vauxhall to be produced at the company's Luton plant, where the end of automobile production was announced at Christmas 2000, taking effect just over a year later.<ref name=CAR200102>{{cite journal| authorlink = Greg Fountain| title = The loss of Luton| journal = [[Car Magazine]]| volume = | page = page 13 |date = February 2001}}</ref>
The Vauxhall badged Vectra B was the last Vauxhall to be produced at the company's Luton plant, where the end of automobile production was announced in December 2000, taking effect just over a year later. Car production at the site finished in March 2002,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/mar/22/carindustry.motoring1|title=Vauxhall ends Luton production|publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=21 March 2002|access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref> although production of commercial vehicles continued.<ref>[http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/why-general-motors-keeping-its-faith-vauxhalls-luton-plant Why General Motors is keeping its faith in Vauxhall's Luton plant], ''[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]]'', 25 August 2014</ref>


Engines started from the 75&nbsp;PS (55&nbsp;kW) 1.6&nbsp;L, [[GM Family 1 engine|Family 1]] but eventually the 8-valve engines were all replaced by 16-valve powerplants. The 2.0&nbsp;L Family II engine, with 136&nbsp;PS (100&nbsp;kW) was developed as a basis for [[touring car racing]] (later in Australia, 2.2 L 108&nbsp;kW), but the top of the line was a 2.5&nbsp;L [[V6]] with 170&nbsp;PS (125&nbsp;kW).
The model was badged as the [[Holden Vectra]] in Australia and New Zealand. In 1998, Holden began assembly of the Vectra for export to other [[Right- and left-hand traffic|RHD]] markets in the region, although this was adversely affected by the Asian economic crisis, and ended in 2001.


Engines started from the 75&nbsp;PS (55&nbsp;kW) 1.6&nbsp;L, [[GM Family 1 engine|Family 1]] but eventually the 8-valve engines were all replaced by 16-valve powerplants. The 2.0&nbsp;L Family II engine, with 136&nbsp;PS (100&nbsp;kW) was developed as a basis for [[touring car racing]] (later in Australia, 2.2 L 108&nbsp;kW), but the top of the line was a 2.5&nbsp;L [[V6]] with 170&nbsp;PS (125&nbsp;kW). Diesel power came once again from Isuzu, with 1.7 L 82&nbsp;PS, also 2.0 L Ecotec with 82&nbsp;PS or 101&nbsp;PS and 2.2 L Ecotec with 125&nbsp;PS. In 2001 the all new 2.2 L petrol engine, as carried over to the Vectra C, was introduced with the 2.5 L petrol in its last incarnation being upgraded to a 2.6 L to accommodate emissions improvements.
Diesel power came once again from Isuzu, with 1.7 liters and 82&nbsp;PS, also a 2.0 L Ecotec with either 82&nbsp;PS or 101&nbsp;PS and 2.2 L Ecotec with 125&nbsp;PS. In 2001, the all new 2.2 L petrol engine, as carried over to the Vectra C, was introduced with the 2.5 L petrol in its last incarnation being upgraded to a 2.6 L to accommodate emissions improvements. In April 1999, the Vectra was updated, receiving a mildly modified body (that can be identified by the single piece headlight units and body coloured bumpers) together with somewhat improved handling and better equipment.


{{Multiple image
In 1999, the Vectra was updated, receiving a mildly modified body (that can be identified by the single piece headlight units and body-coloured bumpers) together with somewhat improved handling and better equipment.
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Opel Vectra B 2.0 TDI EcoTec 16V '99 (4) (cropped).jpg
| caption1 = Hatchback (facelift)
| image2 = Opel Vectra B 2.0 TDI EcoTec 16V '99 (6) (cropped).jpg
| caption2 = Hatchback (facelift)
| align = left
| image3 = 1999 Holden Vectra (JS II) GL Olympic Edition sedan (2015-06-18) 02.jpg
| caption3 = Sedan (Holden Vectra)
| image4 = 2001 Vauxhall Vectra SRI 130 DTi 2.2 Rear.jpg
| caption4 = Estate (Vauxhall Vectra)
| header = Facelift
}}


Sporting limited edition models included the touring car championship inspired i500, Super Touring and GSi. The first model was developed in Germany by Opel Motorsport, with the V6 engine's power increased to 195&nbsp;PS (143&nbsp;kW), and the other two were created in [[Milton Keynes]] by Motor Sport Developments. Only 3900 2.5 GSi models were ever produced, mostly in saloon and hatchback guise. With only 317 estate versions produced during this time, they became one of the rarest production Vauxhalls ever.
Sporting limited edition models included the touring car championship inspired i500, Super Touring and GSi. The first model was developed in Germany by Opel Motorsport, with the V6 engine's power increased to 195&nbsp;PS (143&nbsp;kW), and the other two were created in [[Milton Keynes]] by Motor Sport Developments.


Only 3,900 2.5 GSi models were ever produced, mostly in saloon and hatchback guise. With only 317 estate versions produced during this time, they became one of the rarest production Vauxhalls ever.
On model years 2001 and 2002, a last of the line 2.6 GSi was made also but these were limited to 500 cars. These were again mostly saloons and hatchbacks however 37 estates were made. These models received a host of extra upgrades including but not limited to Xenon headlights and larger front brakes.


On the 2001 and 2002 model years, a last of the line 2.6 GSi was made also but these were limited to five hundred cars. These were again mostly saloons and hatchbacks, however 37 estates were made. These models received a host of extra upgrades, including to Xenon headlamps, and larger front brakes.
In [[Egypt]], the production of the Opel Vectra B continued in mid-1996 with two models, initially a 1.6l 8v GLS trim with manual transmission and a 2.0l 8v CD trim with [[automatic transmission]]. Later in 2000 the revised model was produced with three models 1.6 8v GLS trim with [[manual transmission]] (later replaced by the 1.6 16v GLS trim with automatic transmission), 2.0 16v CD trim with automatic transmission, and a 2.0 CDX trim automatic transmission and all with saloon body style. In 2002 local production of the Opel Vectra ceased in favour of the Opel Corsa Sedan and Opel Astra Sedan.


In October 2013, ''[[Top Gear (magazine)|Top Gear]]'' magazine placed the 1995 Vectra on its list of ''The 13 Worst Cars Of The Last 20 Years'', describing the car as "so mediocre that [[Jeremy Clarkson]] refused to drive it."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/photos/The-13-worst-cars-of-the-last-20-years-2013-10-30 |title=The 13 Worst Cars of the Last 20 Years |magazine=[[Top Gear (magazine)|Top Gear magazine]] |date=31 October 2013 |access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref>
A related model sold in North America was the [[Saturn L-Series]], introduced in 2000, but dropped from the lineup in 2005. It was replaced by the 2007 [[Saturn Aura]], which was built around [[GM Epsilon platform|GM's Epsilon architecture]], as the Vectra C is.


Production of the Vectra B ended in March 2002.
In October 2013, [[Top Gear (magazine)|''Top Gear'' Magazine]] placed the 1995 Vectra on its list of "The 13 worst cars of the last 20 years", describing the car as "so mediocre that [[Jeremy Clarkson|JC]] refused to drive it". The resulting [[Top Gear (1977 TV series)|six minutes of telly]] is regarded "priceless", both cementing his status as a broadcasting deity and ensuring that he would never again be able to buy a [[kebab]] in [[Luton]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/photos/The-13-worst-cars-of-the-last-20-years-2013-10-30 |title=The 13 Worst Cars of the Last 20 Years |publisher=[[Top Gear (magazine)|''Top Gear'' magazine]] |date=2013-10-31 |accessdate=2014-10-12}}</ref>


===International production===
<gallery>

File:Opel Vectra rear 20071112.jpg|Opel Vectra B rear view
;Egypt
File:Opel Vectra rear 20080222.jpg|Opel Vectra B hatchback
In [[Egypt]], the production of the Opel Vectra B commenced during 1996 with two models, initially in GLS trim with a 1.6-litre, 8v engine and a manual transmission, or in CD trim with a 8-valve, 2.0-litre with [[automatic transmission]].
File:Vauxhall Vectra B.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra

File:2000.vauxhall.vectra.1point8.arp.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra (facelift)
Later in 2000, the revised model was produced with three models: 1.6 (8v) GLS with [[manual transmission]], later replaced by the 1.6 16v GLS trim with automatic transmission, 2.0 16v CD with automatic transmission, and a 2.0 CDX trim (also automatic). Only the saloon body style was offered. In 2002, local production of the Opel Vectra ceased in favour of the Corsa saloon and Astra saloon.
File:Opel Vectra Kombi rear 20080108.jpg|Opel Vectra B estate

;North America
A related model sold in North America was the [[Saturn L-Series]], introduced in 2000, but dropped from the line up in 2005. It was replaced by the 2007 [[Saturn Aura]], which was built around [[GM Epsilon platform|GM's Epsilon architecture]], shared with the Vectra C.

;South America
The release of the second generation of the Chevrolet Vectra happened at the same time that the [[Championship Auto Racing Teams|IndyCar]] series in Brazil, GM made a deal to use the Vectra as a Medical and Safety car for the race. The Vectra B came with the already available 2.0 8-valve engine with {{cvt|110|PS|kW|0}} on the GL and GLS versions and a national version of the previously 2.0 16 valve with {{cvt|136|PS|kW|0}} for the CD version.

In 1998, GM introduced a new, torquier 2.2-litre 8 valve engine with {{cvt|123|PS|kW|0}} for the GL and GLS, and a 16 valve version of the same with {{cvt|138|PS|kW|0}} and {{cvt|207|Nm|lbft|0}} for the CD version.

A facelift was done for the 2000 models, just like the European version. Production ran until 2005, when it was replaced by the new generation Vectra, based on the [[Opel Astra H]] Sedan. The Vectra was only offered in a 4-door saloon body in both generations (A & B).

<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:2001 Vauxhall Vectra Club 1.8 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra (United Kingdom)
File:2002 Holden Vectra (JS II) CD 2.2 hatchback (22543845464).jpg|Holden Vectra (Australia and New Zealand)
File:Chevrolet Vectra 1.8 2000 (11013228653) (cropped).jpg|Chevrolet Vectra (South America)
</gallery>
</gallery>
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


== {{anchor|Vectra C}} Vectra C (2002–2009) ==
== {{anchor|Vectra C}} Vectra C (2002–2010) ==
{{Infobox automobile
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Vectra C
| name = Vectra C
| image = Opel Vectra C front 20080331.jpg
| image = Opel Vectra front 20080302.jpg
| aka = Chevrolet Vectra<br />Holden Vectra<br />Vauxhall Vectra
| aka = Chevrolet Vectra<br />Holden Vectra<br />Vauxhall Vectra
| production = March 2002 – June 2010<!--2010 is correct; still produced in Ireland until then-->
| production = 2002–2009
| assembly = {{ubl |Egypt: [[6th of October City]] ([[General Motors Egypt|GME]]) |England: [[Ellesmere Port]] |Germany: [[Rüsselsheim]] |Ukraine: [[Zaporizhzhia]] ([[AvtoZAZ]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autonews.com/assets/PDF/CA104101115.PDF |title=Guide to assembly plants in Europe |website=automotivenews.com |publisher=Automotive News Europe |access-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>}}
| assembly = [[Ellesmere Port]], England<br />[[Rüsselsheim]], Germany<br />[[6th of October City]], [[Egypt]] ([[GM Egypt]])
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (automobile)|saloon]]<br />5-door [[hatchback]]<br />5-door [[station wagon|estate]]
| body_style = 4-door [[notchback]] [[sedan (automobile)|saloon]]<br />5-door [[Hatchback#Liftback|hatchback]]<br />5-door [[station wagon|estate]]
| platform = [[GM Epsilon platform|Epsilon platform]]
| platform = [[GM Epsilon platform|Epsilon platform]]
| engine = {{unbulleted list
| engine = {{ubl |'''petrol'''|[[GM Family 1 engine|1.6]] L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] |[[GM Family 1 engine|1.6]] L I4|[[GM Family 1 engine|1.8]] L I4 |[[GM Ecotec engine|2.0]] L [[Turbocharger|T]] I4 |[[GM Ecotec engine#2.2|2.2]] L I4|[[GM Ecotec engine#Z22YH|2.2]] L I4 | [[GM High Feature engine#LP9 Turbo|2.8]] L T [[V6 engine|V6]] |[[GM 54-Degree V6 engine#LA3 3.2|3.2]] L V6 |'''Diesel'''|1.9 L I4 [[JTD engine#1.9|CDTI]]|2.0 L I4 DTI|2.2 L I4 DTI|3.0 L V6 [[DMAX V6 engine|CDTI]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}|}}
| '''[[Petrol engine|Petrol]]:'''
| transmission = 6-speed automatic<br>6-speed manual<br>5-speed manual<br>[[Easytronic]]<br>[[CVTronic]]
| 1.6 L ''[[GM Family 1 engine#Pre-Ecotec|Family 1]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]]
| wheelbase = {{convert|2700|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (saloon/hatch)<br>{{convert|2830|mm|in}} (estate)
| 1.8 L ''[[GM Family 1 engine#Pre-Ecotec|Family 1]]'' I4
| length = {{convert|4611|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (saloon/hatch)<ref>Vauxhall Vectra owners' Manual July 2007 ref TS 1557-A-08</ref><br> {{convert|4839|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (estate) <br> "OPC" versions {{convert|31|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} longer
| 2.0 L ''[[GM Ecotec engine#2.0|Ecotec]]'' [[Turbocharger|turbo]] I4
| width = {{convert|1798|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| 2.2 L ''[[GM Ecotec engine#2.2|Ecotec]]'' I4
| height = {{convert|1460|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (saloon/hatch)<br> {{convert|1500|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (estate)
| 2.8 L ''[[GM High Feature engine#LP9 Turbo|High Feature]]'' turbo [[V6 engine|V6]]
| 3.2 L ''[[General Motors 54° V6 engine#3.2|Ellesmere]]'' V6
| '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]:'''
| 1.9 L I4 [[Fiat JTD engine#1.9|CDTI]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-07-03|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Fiat JTD engine#1.9|reason= The anchor (1.9) [[Special:Diff/1231054680|has been deleted]].}}
| 2.0 L I4 DTI
| 2.2 L I4 DTI
| 3.0 L V6 [[DMAX V6 engine|CDTI]]
}}
| transmission = 6-speed automatic<br>6-speed manual<br>5-speed manual<br>5-speed ''[[Easytronic]]'' [[automated manual transmission|
automated manual]]<br>[[CVTronic]]
| wheelbase = {{convert|2700|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (saloon/hatch)<br>{{convert|2830|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (estate)
| length = {{convert|4596|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (saloon/hatch, pre-facelift)<br>{{convert|4611|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (saloon/hatch, post-facelift)<ref>Vauxhall Vectra owners' Manual July 2007 ref TS 1557-A-08</ref><br> {{convert|4822|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (estate, pre-facelift) <br>{{convert|4839|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (estate, post-facelift) <br> "OPC" versions {{convert|31|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} longer
| width = {{convert|1798|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1460|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (saloon/hatch)<br> {{convert|1500|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (estate)
| weight = {{convert|1393|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1393|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| related = [[Opel Signum]]<br>[[Saturn Aura]]
| related = [[Opel Signum]]<br>[[Saab 9-3]]
| caption = Pre-facelift
}}{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Opel Vectra C rear 20090920.jpg
| caption1 = Saloon
| image2 = 2004-2005 Holden Vectra (ZC MY05) CD hatchback (2010-07-11).jpg
| caption2 = Hatchback (Holden Vectra)
| align = left
| image3 = Opel Vectra C Caravan 20090301 rear.jpg
| caption3 = Estate
| header = Pre-facelift
}}
}}
Built on the new [[GM Epsilon platform]], the '''Opel Vectra C''', released in March 2002 for the 2003 model year was initially available as a four-door [[notchback]] [[sedan (automobile)|saloon]] and a five-door [[Hatchback#Liftback|hatchback]], known as the GTS.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/2_02_hol.htm | title = New Holden Vectra goes up-market | publisher = WebWombat | access-date = 7 January 2008}}</ref> A five-door [[station wagon|estate]] was added in October 2003.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://uk.cars.yahoo.com/car-reviews/car-and-driving/vauxhall-vectra-estate-2004223.html | title = Vauxhall Vectra Estate (2003 – To Date) | publisher = [[Yahoo!]] | access-date = 7 January 2008}}</ref> The Vectra C's official debut was at the [[Geneva Motor Show#2002|2002 Geneva Motor Show]].


Originally, the Vectra C was due to début with the [[Saab 9-3]] in October 2001, at the [[Frankfurt Motor Show#2001|Frankfurt Motor Show]], but in July 2001, it was announced that delays had forced [[General Motors]] to postpone the introduction.<ref name="Autotrader.com">{{cite web |date=July 13, 2001 |title=Spy Shots: 2003 Saab 9-3 |url=http://www.autotrader.com/research/article/4099/spy-shots-2003-saab-9-3.jsp/Autotrader.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081843/http://www.autotrader.com/research/article/4099/spy-shots-2003-saab-9-3.jsp/Autotrader.com/ |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2017 |work=AutoTrader.com}}</ref> The [[Hatchback#Liftback|hatchback]] version premiered in September 2002. The four door [[notchback]] [[sedan (car)|saloon]] version of the Vectra C almost resembled a [[three-box styling|two-box]] four door [[fastback]] [[sedan (car)|saloon]]. While the earlier Cavalier and Vectras had been built at the company's Luton plant, the second generation Vauxhall Vectra was built at the [[Ellesmere Port]] plant from the introduction. Pilot production at Ellesmere Port started in late 2001.<ref name=FNep>{{cite web | url = https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/2001/6/1/ellesmere-port-gears-up-for-new-vectra-production/9194/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210621005706/https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/2001/6/1/ellesmere-port-gears-up-for-new-vectra-production/9194/ | archive-date = 2021-06-21 | title = Ellesmere Port gears up for new Vectra production | date = 2001-06-01 | work = FleetNews | publisher = Bauer Consumer Media Ltd }}</ref>
Built on the [[GM Epsilon platform|Epsilon platform]], the '''Opel Vectra C''' of 2002 was initially available as a four-door sedan (saloon) and a five-door hatchback, known as the GTS.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/2_02_hol.htm | title = New Holden Vectra goes up-market | publisher = WebWombat | accessdate = 7 January 2008}}</ref> A five-door station wagon (estate) was added in 2003.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://uk.cars.yahoo.com/car-reviews/car-and-driving/vauxhall-vectra-estate-2004223.html | title = Vauxhall Vectra Estate (2003 - To Date) | publisher = [[Yahoo!]] | accessdate = 7 January 2008}}</ref> The estate version has a slightly longer wheelbase than the hatchback and sedan versions.


Sharing the {{convert|2830|mm|in}} wheelbase of the estate, an "executive hatchback" sold under the [[Opel Signum|Opel/Vauxhall Signum]] nameplate. The Signum, which was based partly on the Vectra C, featured a completely different layout in the rear.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.automotriz.net/english/cars/opel-signum.htm | title = Opel Vectra and Signum Facelifts | publisher = Automotriz | accessdate = 7 January 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080306052333/http://www.automotriz.net/english/cars/opel-signum.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 6 March 2008}}</ref>
The Vectra C was first seen in November 1999, in a copy of ''[[Auto Express]]''. At the [[Frankfurt Motor Show#2003|Frankfurt Motor Show]] in October 2003, the [[station wagon|estate]] version premièred, which had a slightly longer wheelbase than the [[hatchback]] and [[sedan (automobile)|saloon]] versions. Sharing the {{convert|2830|mm|in}} wheelbase of the [[station wagon|estate]], an "[[executive car|executive]] [[hatchback]]" sold under the [[Opel Signum|Opel/Vauxhall Signum]] nameplate. The Signum, which was based partly on the Vectra C, featured a completely different layout in the rear.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.automotriz.net/english/cars/opel-signum.htm | title = Opel Vectra and Signum Facelifts | publisher = Automotriz | access-date = 7 January 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080306052333/http://www.automotriz.net/english/cars/opel-signum.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 6 March 2008}}</ref>


The engine range was substantially modified to account for the increased [[curb weight]] of the Vectra C. The {{Convert|90|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} 1.8&nbsp;litre ''[[GM Family 1 engine#Ecotec|Family 1 Ecotec]]'' engine was reserved for the base model, with the main petrol engine for the Vectra C, making up the vast bulk of production, being the Ecotec 2.2 litre chain driven unit producing 108 Kw (145 bhp); along with a new range topping 3.2&nbsp;litre [[GM 54-Degree V6 engine|''54-Degree'']] [[V6 engine|V6]], with {{Convert|155|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.babez.de/opel/gts.php | title = Opel Vectra GTS | publisher = Babez.de | accessdate = 7 January 2008}}</ref> In 2003 a 2.0&nbsp;litre [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] ''[[GM Ecotec engine|Ecotec]]'' engine with {{Convert|129|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} was also notionally offered but was only produced in tiny numbers, rather it being a main engine for another GM brand, Saab.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.worldcarfans.com/2050615.001 | title = New Opel Signum: Versatile, Innovative, Unique | publisher = Black Falcon Media Group Oy | accessdate = 7 January 2008}}</ref> The 2.2 litre was upgraded in 2004 with the 'Direct' name added to the model line indicating the new high pressure direct injection update that increased power output to 115Kw (152 BHP) with improved emissions.
The engine range was substantially modified to account for the increased [[curb weight]] of the Vectra C. The {{Convert|90|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} 1.8 litre ''[[GM Family 1 engine#Ecotec|Family 1 Ecotec]]'' engine was reserved for the base model, with the main petrol engine for the Vectra C, making up the vast bulk of production, being the Ecotec 2.2 litre chain driven unit producing {{Convert|108|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}; along with a new range topping 3.2 litre [[General Motors 54° V6 engine|''54-Degree'']] [[V6 engine|V6]], with {{Convert|155|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.babez.de/opel/gts.php | title = Opel Vectra GTS | publisher = Babez.de | access-date = 7 January 2008}}</ref> From June to July 2002, [[Ed Harris]] starred in adverts for the Vauxhall Vectra in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2765561/Ad-of-the-Week-Vauxhall-puts-Vectra-on-trial.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2765561/Ad-of-the-Week-Vauxhall-puts-Vectra-on-trial.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Ad of the Week: Vauxhall puts Vectra on trial|newspaper=www.telegraph.co.uk|date=18 June 2002|access-date=21 September 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Pierluigi Collina]] also starred in adverts across Europe for the Vectra, as well as the Signum, in the end of 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/referee-collina-takes-control-vauxhall-tv-print-campaign/518602|title=Referee Collina 'takes control' in Vauxhall TV and print campaign|publisher=www.campaignlive.co.uk|date=23 September 2005|access-date=9 November 2017}}</ref>


In 2003, a 2.0 litre [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] ''[[GM Ecotec engine|Ecotec]]'' engine with {{Convert|129|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} was also notionally offered. Being a main engine for another GM brand, Saab, it was only ever sold in small numbers in the Vectra.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.worldcarfans.com/2050615.001 | title = New Opel Signum: Versatile, Innovative, Unique | publisher = Black Falcon Media Group Oy | access-date = 7 January 2008}}</ref> The 2.2 litre was upgraded in 2004, with the 'Direct' name added to the model line, indicating the new high pressure direct injection update that increased power output to {{Convert|115|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} with improved emissions.
[[Diesel engine|Diesel]] power, which had become important for commercial success in Europe,<ref>{{cite web | first = Tierney | last = Christine|author2=Weich, David | date = 3 May 2003 | url = http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_19/b3832079.htm | title = The Smell of Diesel Is Back in the Air | publisher = [[McGraw-Hill]] | accessdate = 7 January 2008}}</ref> is provided by an [[Isuzu]]-sourced 3.0&nbsp;litre [[DMAX V6 engine|''DMAX'']] [[V6]] outputting {{Convert|132|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | last = Wan | first = Mark | date = 24 May 2003 | url = http://www.autozine.org/html/Opel/Vectra.html | title = Opel Vectra | publisher = AutoZine | accessdate = 10 January 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080106161813/http://www.autozine.org/html/Opel/Vectra.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 6 January 2008}}</ref> The four-cylinder diesel engine was replaced in 2004 by a [[Fiat]]-designed 1.9&nbsp;litre [[JTD engine|Ecotec CDTI]] engine capable of producing {{Convert|89|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} in 8v form and {{Convert|110|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} in 16v form.<ref>{{cite web | date = 17 October 2004 | url = http://www.honestjohn.co.uk/road_tests/?id=151 | title = Vauxhall Vectra CDTI 150 | publisher = Khoo Systems | accessdate = 10 January 2008}}</ref>


[[Diesel engine|Diesel]] power, which had become important for commercial success in Europe,<ref>{{cite web | first = Tierney | last = Christine|author2=Weich, David | date = 3 May 2003 | url = http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_19/b3832079.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20030622175151/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_19/b3832079.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 22 June 2003 | title = The Smell of Diesel Is Back in the Air | publisher = McGraw-Hill | access-date = 7 January 2008}}</ref> was provided by CDTI 1.9, 2.0 and 2.2 engines, with a top of the range [[Isuzu]] sourced 3.0 litre [[DMAX V6 engine|''DMAX'']] [[V6]] outputting {{Convert|132|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.
Handling was reported to be much better than the previous Vectra, but reviews still criticise the overlight feel of the steering, fussy one touch indicator switches, and the ungainly styling of the sedan version. {{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}


In October 2004, the four cylinder diesel engine was replaced with a [[Fiat]] designed 1.9 litre [[JTD engine|Ecotec CDTI]] engine capable of producing {{Convert|89|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} in 8v form and {{Convert|110|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} in 16v form.<ref>{{cite web | date = 17 October 2004 | url = http://www.honestjohn.co.uk/road_tests/?id=151 | title = Vauxhall Vectra CDTI 150 | publisher = Khoo Systems | access-date = 10 January 2008}}</ref> Handling was reported to be much better than the previous Vectra.
The Vectra C received a facelift in 2006, retaining a similar line of engines. However, the power of the 3.0 diesel was increased to {{Convert|137|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} and the petrol 3.2 litre V6 engine was replaced by an Australian-built turbocharged 2.8&nbsp;litre ''[[GM High Feature engine|High Feature]]'' V6 unit. This Saab co-developed motor could produce {{Convert|170|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}. Opel installed the twin scroll turbo engine in its Signum productline with {{Convert|185|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} output. The {{Convert|185|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} version was available for the Vectra later in 2006. Opel also introduced - for the first time - an [[Opel Performance Center|OPC]] version of the Vectra, using the [[VXR]] name in the United Kingdom. These high-performance variants were only available as hatchbacks and station wagons.


{{Multiple image
In the United Kingdom the power of the ''High Feature'' V6 engine was increased to {{Convert|188|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, giving a maximum speed approaching 250&nbsp;km/h (155&nbsp;mph). In Australia and New Zealand, the Holden Vectra ''ZC'' series was dropped and replaced by the Holden Epica, a badge-engineered [[Daewoo Tosca]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Newton | first = Bruce |date=June 2007 | title = Sneer Miss | journal = [[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] | pages = 104–108}}</ref> Due to stockpiling of 2005 model Vectras for the Australasian market, there was enough supply of the car for deliveries to last through to 2007. As a result facelifted Vectra Cs were not sold in those markets.<ref>{{cite web | last = Yan | first = Jack | date = 26 May 2007 | url = http://www.jackyan.com/blog/2007/05/holden-epica-arrives-in-new-zealand-god.html | title = Holden Epica arrives in New Zealand (God help us) | publisher = Jack Yan & Associates | accessdate = 29 April 2008}}</ref> In 2008, Vectra OPC was available with either 6 speed manual or 6 speed automatic transmission (Previous Vectra OPC had manual gearbox only). The 2.8L DOHC V6 turbo engine could generate {{Convert|206|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Opel Vectra C 2.2 Direkt front.JPG
| caption1 =
| image2 = Opel Vectra C 2.2 Direkt rear.JPG
| caption2 = Saloon
| align = left
| image3 = 2007 Vauxhall Vectra Exclusive CDTi 150 Automatic 2.0 Rear.jpg
| caption3 = Hatchback (Vauxhall Vectra)
| image4 = Opel Vectra Caravan Facelift rear.JPG
| caption4 = Estate
| header = Facelift
}}


The Vectra C received a facelift in September 2005, with the début at the [[Frankfurt Motor Show#2005|Frankfurt Motor Show]], and it retained a similar line of engines. However, the power of the 3.0 diesel was increased to {{Convert|137|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, and the petrol 3.2 litre V6 engine was replaced by an Australian built turbocharged 2.8 litre ''[[GM High Feature engine|High Feature]]'' V6 unit. This Saab co-developed motor could produce {{Convert|170|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}. Opel installed the twin scroll turbo engine in its Signum productline with {{Convert|185|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} output.
Sales of the Vectra C in the United Kingdom were not as strong as those of its predecessors. For much of its production life, the original Vectra was the fourth best selling car in the country, but the Vectra C never came higher than tenth in the country's car sales charts, though within its own market-sector it held on to second place, behind the [[Ford Mondeo]]. In 2007, it finally made the top 10 of Britain's car sales charts, being the nation's tenth most popular new car with over 50,000 sales, outselling the Ford Mondeo for the first time since 1999.<ref>{{cite web | last = Finlay | first = David | date = 8 January 2008 | url = http://www.carkeys.co.uk/features/industry/2008/14456.asp | title = UK Motor Industry 2007 | publisher = PDRonline | accessdate = 10 January 2008}}</ref> Also, the station wagon variant was awarded ''Estate Car of the Year 2007'', by ''[[What Car?]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web | date = 19 January 2007 | url = http://www.whatcar.co.uk/news-special-report.aspx?NA=223730&EL=3187889 | title = Car of the Year 2007 - Estate car | publisher = [[What Car?]] | accessdate = 10 January 2008}}</ref>


The {{Convert|185|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} version was available for the Vectra later in 2006. Opel also introduced – for the first time – an [[Opel Performance Center|OPC]] version of the Vectra, using the [[VXR]] name in the United Kingdom. These high performance variants were only available as hatchbacks and estates. In the United Kingdom the power of the ''High Feature'' V6 engine was increased to {{Convert|188|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, giving a maximum speed approaching 250&nbsp;km/h (155&nbsp;mph).
While the Vectra C has been sold in [[Mexico]] and [[Chile]] as the Chevrolet Vectra, it is not marketed in Brazil, where Chevrolet opted to sell the [[Opel Astra|Astra H]] under the Vectra brand from 2006 to 2011. Both local-spec cars are powered by the [[Family II engine#GM do Brazil|FlexPower SOHC engine]] originally introduced in 1982 in the [[Opel Ascona#Ascona C|Chevrolet Monza]].


Production of the Vectra C and Signum ended in July 2008.
<gallery>

File:Opel Vectra C Caravan Facelift front 20100711.jpg|2006-2009 Opel Vectra C (facelift) Caravan
===Overseas markets and rebadges===
File:Opel Vectra C Caravan Facelift rear 20100711.jpg|2006-2009 Opel Vectra C (facelift) Caravan

File:Opel Vectra C rear 20080331.jpg|2002-2006 Opel Vectra C sedan
;Australia and New Zealand
File:Vectra c2 jaslo.JPG|Opel Vectra C GTS

File:2009 Vauxhall Vectra.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra (United Kingdom)
The Vectra C was branded as the [[Holden Vectra]] in [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]. Between 1998 and 2001, Holden in Australia assembled the Vectra for export to other [[Left- and right-hand traffic|RHD]] markets in the region, with a view to exporting 60 per cent of output, although this was adversely affected by the Asian economic crisis.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=47OZAAAAIAAJ&q=vectra ''Business Review Weekly'': BRW, Volume 20, Issues 1-6], page 19</ref>
File:Afl.gif|[[Advanced Front-Lighting System (AFS)]] headlamps on Vectra

Locally designated the ''ZC'' series and launched in March 2003, the Vectra C was only available as a sedan and hatchback. Holden did not offer the Vectra C estate due to the presence of the Astra and later Holden Viva (Daewoo Lacetti) estates. The Vectra was dropped and replaced by the Holden Epica, a badge engineered [[Daewoo Tosca]] early in 2007.<ref>{{cite magazine | last = Newton | first = Bruce |date=June 2007 | title = Sneer Miss |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] | pages = 104–108}}</ref>

Due to stockpiling of Vectras from 2005 for the market in Australasia, there was enough supply of the car for deliveries to last through to 2007. As a result, facelifted Vectra Cs were not sold in those markets.<ref>{{cite web | last = Yan | first = Jack | date = 26 May 2007 | url = http://www.jackyan.com/blog/2007/05/holden-epica-arrives-in-new-zealand-god.html | title = Holden Epica arrives in New Zealand (God help us) | publisher = Jack Yan & Associates | access-date = 29 April 2008}}</ref> In 2008, the Vectra OPC was available with either six speed manual or six speed automatic transmission (Previous Vectra OPC had manual gearbox only). The 2.8L DOHC V6 turbo engine could generate {{Convert|206|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.

;United Kingdom

Sales of the Vectra C in the United Kingdom were not as strong as those of its predecessors. For much of its production life, the original Vectra was the fourth best selling car in the country, but the Vectra C never came higher than tenth in the country's car sales charts, though within its own market sector it held on to second place, behind the [[Ford Mondeo]].

In 2007, it finally made the Top 10 of Britain's car sales charts, being the nation's tenth most popular new car with over 50,000 sales, outselling the Ford Mondeo for the first time since 1999.<ref>{{cite web | last = Finlay | first = David | date = 8 January 2008 | url = http://www.carkeys.co.uk/features/industry/2008/14456.asp | title = UK Motor Industry 2007 | publisher = PDRonline | access-date = 10 January 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080116132719/http://www.carkeys.co.uk/features/industry/2008/14456.asp | archive-date = 16 January 2008 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Also, in January 2007, the estate variant was awarded ''Estate Car of the Year 2007'', by ''[[What Car?]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite magazine | date = 19 January 2007 | url = http://www.whatcar.co.uk/news-special-report.aspx?NA=223730&EL=3187889 | title = Car of the Year 2007 – Estate car | magazine = [[What Car?]] | access-date = 10 January 2008}}</ref>

;South America

While the Vectra C was sold in [[Mexico]] and [[Chile]] as the Chevrolet Vectra, it was not marketed in Brazil, where Chevrolet opted to sell the [[Opel Astra|Astra H]] under the Vectra brand from 2006 to 2011. Both local spec cars were powered by the [[Family II engine#GM do Brazil|FlexPower SOHC engine]] originally introduced in 1982 in the [[Opel Ascona#Chevrolet Monza|Chevrolet Monza]].

;Ireland

In [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], the Vectra C was produced until February 2010.

<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:2003 Vauxhall Vectra Active 1.8.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra (pre-facelift, United Kingdom)
File:2007 Vauxhall Vectra Exclusive CDTi 150 Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra (facelift, United Kingdom)
File:2006 Vauxhall Vectra VXR 2.8.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra VXR (United Kingdom)
File:2003 Holden Vectra (ZC MY03) CD hatchback (2016-01-04) 01 (cropped).jpg|Holden Vectra (Australia and New Zealand)
File:Chevrolet Vectra C pre facelift.jpg|Chevrolet Vectra (pre-facelift, South America)
File:Chevrolet Vectra 2.2 Elegance 2007 (13929776740).jpg|Chevrolet Vectra (facelift, South America)
</gallery>
</gallery>
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


==Chevrolet Vectra D (2009–2012)==
==Motorsport==
{{Main |Opel Insignia A}}
[[File:Chevrolet Vectra 2.0 Turbo.jpg|thumb|2009 Chevrolet Vectra (Chile)]]
The Chevrolet Vectra D is the rebadged Opel Insignia available only in the Chilean market. It is a very rare model of Chevrolet in [[Chile]], with not many found. In June 2013, it was renamed the Opel Insignia along with a facelift, as the Chevrolet brand was being phased out in that market. In February 2017, Opel was sold to the [[Groupe PSA|PSA Group]].
{{clear}}

== Motorsport ==
[[File:Opel-VectraDTM-2005-Frentzen.jpg|thumb|left|Opel Vectra C, built to the DTM rules]]
[[File:Opel-VectraDTM-2005-Frentzen.jpg|thumb|left|Opel Vectra C, built to the DTM rules]]
The Vectra was used in several [[touring car racing]] series.
The Vectra was used in several [[touring car racing]] series. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the Vectra B [[Super Touring]] took part in the [[British Touring Car Championship]], the [[Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship]], the German [[Super Tourenwagen Cup]], the [[Australian Super Touring Championship]], the [[Japanese Touring Car Championship]], the [[Italian Superturismo Championship]], the [[French Supertouring Championship]] and the [[Swedish Touring Car Championship]]. [[Uwe Alzen]] was third in Super Tourenwagen Cup in 1997 and 1998 and second in 1999; John Henderson was runner-up in the [[2000/2001 Australian Super Touring Championship]]; [[John Cleland (racing driver)|John Cleland]] was British Touring Car Champion in [[1995 British Touring Car Championship season|1995]] and finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 and 1994; [[Yvan Muller]] was sixth in the 1999 British Touring Car Championship and fourth in 2000; and Nicklas Karlsson was third in the 2002 Swedish Touring Car Championship.


In the 1990s and the early 2000s the Vectra B [[Super Touring]] took part in the [[British Touring Car Championship]], the [[Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship]], the German [[Super Tourenwagen Cup]], the [[Australian Super Touring Championship]], the [[Japanese Touring Car Championship]], the [[Italian Superturismo Championship]], the [[French Supertouring Championship]] and the [[Swedish Touring Car Championship]].
A prototype Vectra B was built to the [[BTC Touring]] specifications in 2003 by [[Triple Eight Race Engineering (United Kingdom)|Triple Eight Race Engineering]], with the view to using it in the [[2004 British Touring Car Championship season|2004 BTCC]], but it was never raced, despite being shown publicly at the 2004 [[Birmingham Motor Show]] as the 'Vectra Diesel Concept'.<ref>Autosport magazine feature 25 January 2007 'Tin-Tops That Never Raced'</ref>


[[Uwe Alzen]] was third in Super Tourenwagen Cup in 1997 and 1998, and second in 1999; John Henderson was runner up in the [[2000 Australian Super Touring Championship]]; [[John Cleland (racing driver)|John Cleland]] was British Touring Car Champion in [[1995 British Touring Car Championship|1995]] and finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 and 1994; [[Yvan Muller]] was sixth in the 1999 British Touring Car Championship and fourth in 2000; and Nicklas Karlsson was third in the 2002 Swedish Touring Car Championship.
After being replaced by the Astra H in the British Touring Car Championship, the Vauxhall Vectra was introduced in 2007. [[Fabrizio Giovanardi]] was champion in 2007 and 2008. [[VX Racing]] competed in the 2009 season with three Vectras, driven by Giovanardi, [[Matt Neal]] and [[Andrew Jordan (racing driver)|Andrew Jordan]].
[[File:Fabrizio Giovanardi Vauxhall 2007 (crop).JPG|thumb|[[BTCC]] Vauxhall Vectra built to [[Super 2000|S2000]] regulations.]]
A prototype Vectra C was built to the [[BTC Touring]] specifications in 2003 by [[Triple Eight Race Engineering (United Kingdom)|Triple Eight Race Engineering]], with the view to using it in the [[2004 British Touring Car Championship|2004 BTCC]], but it was never raced, despite being shown publicly at the 2004 [[Birmingham Motor Show]] as the 'Vectra Diesel Concept'.<ref>Autosport magazine feature 25 January 2007 'Tin-Tops That Never Raced'</ref>


After being replaced by the Astra H in the British Touring Car Championship, the Vauxhall Vectra was introduced in 2007. [[Fabrizio Giovanardi]] was champion in 2007 and 2008. [[VX Racing]] competed in the season of 2009, with three Vectras, driven by Giovanardi, [[Matt Neal]] and [[Andrew Jordan (racing driver)|Andrew Jordan]].
The Vectra has been used as a [[silhouette racing car]]: in the [[Stock Car Brasil]] in 2000 to 2003 (it was the champion for four seasons) and 2009, in the Argentine [[Top Race V6]] since 2005 ([[Guillermo Ortelli]] was 2005 champion), and in the [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters]] in 2004 and 2005 with little success.

The Vectra has been used as a [[silhouette racing car]]: in the [[Stock Car Brasil]] in 2000 to 2003 (it was the champion for four seasons) and 2009, in the Argentine [[Top Race V6]] since 2005 ([[Guillermo Ortelli]] was 2005 champion), and in the [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters]] in 2004 and 2005, with little success.

In 1994, a Vectra A was the official [[Formula 1]] [[Safety Car|safety car]] during the [[1994 San Marino Grand Prix]] driven by [[Max Angelelli]] at the time and was in front of [[Ayrton Senna]] for 5 laps before he [[Death of Ayrton Senna|crashed into Tamburello on lap 7]].
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category multi|Opel Vectra|Vauxhall Vectra|Holden Vectra}}
*[http://www.Vauxhall.co.uk www.Vauxhall.co.uk] - Vauxhall UK
* [http://www.Vauxhall.co.uk www.vauxhall.co.uk] Vauxhall UK
*[http://www.VVOC.com www.VVOC.com] - Vauxhall Vectra Owners Club


{{Opel}}
{{Opel}}
{{Opel timeline}}
{{Opel timeline}}
{{Vauxhall Motors}}
{{Vauxhall Motors}}
{{Vauxhall timeline 1980 to present}}
{{Chevrolet (South America) timeline 1980 to date}}
{{Holden timeline}}


[[Category:Opel vehicles|Vectra]]
[[Category:1990s cars]]
[[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:2000s cars]]
[[Category:2010s cars]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 2010]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1988]]
[[Category:Cars of Turkey]]
[[Category:Euro NCAP large family cars]]
[[Category:Euro NCAP large family cars]]
[[Category:Hatchbacks]]
[[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Hot hatches]]
[[Category:Mid-size cars]]
[[Category:Opel vehicles|Vectra]]
[[Category:Police vehicles]]
[[Category:Sedans]]
[[Category:Sedans]]
[[Category:Station wagons]]
[[Category:Station wagons]]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1988]]
[[Category:1980s automobiles]]
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]
[[Category:Touring cars]]
[[Category:Touring cars]]

Latest revision as of 12:15, 23 November 2024

Opel Vectra
Opel Vectra C (facelift)
Overview
ManufacturerOpel (General Motors)
Also called
  • Chevrolet Vectra
  • Holden Vectra
  • Vauxhall Cavalier (1988–1995)
  • Vauxhall Vectra (1995–2008)
ProductionOctober 1988 – June 2010
Body and chassis
ClassLarge family car (D-segment)
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive/four-wheel-drive
Chronology
PredecessorOpel Ascona
Vauxhall Cavalier
Holden Camira / Holden Apollo (Holden Vectra)
SuccessorOpel Insignia

The Opel Vectra is a mid-size car (large family car) that was engineered and produced by the German automaker Opel from 1988 until 2010. Available in saloon, hatchback[1] and estate (from model year 1997 onwards) body styles, the Vectra was also sold by the Vauxhall marque in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Cavalier from 1988 to 1995 and then as the Vauxhall Vectra from 1995 to 2008, and it was also sold by Holden in Australia as the Holden Vectra, by Chevrolet in Latin America as the Chevrolet Vectra.

The Vectra was introduced in October 1988 as a replacement for the Opel Ascona, and was itself replaced in November 2008 by the new Opel Insignia, the nameplate spanning three generations and almost twenty one years.

Vectra A (1988–1995)

[edit]
Vectra A
(Pre-facelift)
Overview
Also calledChevrolet Vectra
Holden Vectra (New Zealand)
Vauxhall Cavalier
ProductionOctober 1988 – October 1995
Assembly
DesignerWayne Cherry
Body and chassis
Body style4-door notchback saloon
5-door hatchback
PlatformGM2900 platform
RelatedOpel Calibra
Saab 900 (NG)
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission5-speed manual (F10/5, F13/5, F16/5, F20/5)
6-speed Getrag manual
(F28/6)
4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,600 mm (102.4 in)
Length4,430 mm (174.4 in) (saloon)
4,350 mm (171.3 in) (hatch)
Width1,700 mm (66.9 in)
Height1,400 mm (55.1 in)
Curb weight997–1,199 kg (2,198–2,643 lb) (4-cyl petrols)
Saloon (pre-facelift)
Hatchback (pre-facelift)

The first generation Vectra, known as the Vectra A, was introduced in October 1988 for the 1989 model year, as a four-door notchback saloon, replacing the Opel Ascona C. A five-door hatchback version arrived in March 1989, and a coupé based on the Vectra, called the Calibra, was introduced in the end of that year. Both cars were designed by Wayne Cherry, Opel’s design chief at the time. The Vectra name was coined by Manfred Gotta.

Vauxhall Motors, the British GM subsidiary that shared most of its models with Opel, did not use the "Vectra" model name - opting instead to continue the use of the Cavalier nameplate - effectively making the Vectra A a third-generation Cavalier when carrying Vauxhall branding. It was not until the introduction of the Vectra B into the United Kingdom in October 1995 that the Cavalier name was retired in favour of Vectra. However, left hand drive Opel Vectras were produced at Vauxhall's Luton plant for export to other European countries.[5]

The 1989 Vectra came in Base, LS, GL, GLS, CD, and GT models, its sister model was the third-generation Cavalier. Engines ranged initially from a 75 PS (55 kW) 1.4 L to a 130 PS (96 kW) 2.0 L Family II. The top-of-the-line Vectra 2000 16V arrived in September 1989. Its sixteen valve version of the 2.0 L engine produces 150 PS (110 kW) and was only available with the sedan bodywork, with available four-wheel drive.

The sixteen-valve engine also appeared in GT (GSi in some markets) models after the facelift, now mainly as a hatchback. Two four-wheel drive versions were added to the lineup in January 1989, with either of the 2-litre engines, and in September 1992 the car received a limited edition turbocharged version with 204 PS (150 kW). In 1994, the 4x4 turbo version of the Vectra was used as the Safety Car in Formula One.

Most notably, it was deployed at the San Marino Grand Prix.

The 1.4-litre engine was not available in all markets, and even then, it was generally only available in basic trims (Base/L in United Kingdom, LS/GL in Europe). In markets as Italy, where smaller engines were favored by the taxation system, a better equipped 1.4 GLS was also offered.[6] With the introduction of Euro I emissions regulations, the 1.4 was replaced by a 1.6 L with the same output for most markets.

A 2.5 L V6 engine appeared towards the later stages of the Vectra's life, developing 170 PS (125 kW), turning the car into a relaxed motorway cruiser rather than giving it sporty pretensions. There were a choice of two diesel engines; one was an Isuzu 1.7 L 4EE1 inline-four unit, in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged form (1686 cc), this one capable of achieving 82 PS (60 kW), and an Opel designed 1.7 "low blow" turbodiesel (1699 cc), and naturally aspirated diesel unit, delivering 57 to 60 PS (42 to 44 kW).

The front suspension was fully independent, with MacPherson struts, pressed steel lower control arms, and an anti-roll bar. The front suspension, together with the major mechanicals (engine and transmission) is remotely mounted on a front subframe. On front wheel drive models, the rear suspension is semi independent, consisting of a torsion beam linked to trailing arms, with double conical coil springs and direct acting telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers, with certain models also having an anti roll bar.

On the four wheel drive GSi, 4x4 and Turbo models, the rear suspension is a subframe mounted fully independent design, with semi trailing arms, double conical coil springs, direct acting gas assisted telescopic shock absorbers, and an anti roll bar. Steering gear is a rack and pinion-type (manual or power assisted, depending on model), mounted on the bulkhead (firewall), with a telescopically deformable steering column.

Facelift (1992)

[edit]

The Vectra also received a refresh in September 1992.[7] The range received new front grilles and a black plastic strip above the rear taillamps, along with an upgrade to the structure for improved crashworthiness. Airbags became available onwards from 1993.


In New Zealand, the Vectra A was offered initially as an Opel between 1989 and 1994, but it wore Holden badges between 1994 and 1996 until the introduction of the Vectra B. It was not sold in Australia, where Holden instead offered a rebadged Toyota Camry called Apollo until 1997. In Japan, the Vectra (and Omega) were the first Opels to be distributed by Isuzu Motors Ltd. rather than long standing importer Toho Motors (東邦モーターズ), beginning in July 1989.[8]

In Egypt, the Opel Vectra A was not introduced until 1994 through GM Egypt dealerships, and started production in the end of 1994 by GM Egypt through the beginning of 1996, with a range of 1.6 GL, 2.0 GL trim and 2.0 GLS trim and only Saloon body style boosting strong sales during this short run. This was similar to the Opel Kadett.

Chevrolet Vectra (Brazil)

[edit]

In Brazil, the Chevrolet badged Vectra A was not introduced until 1993, when it replaced the top versions of Chevrolet Monza, a restyled version of the Ascona C. The first Brazilian model had two engine options: 2.0 8 valve, for the GLS and CD versions and the 2.0 16 valve with 150 hp imported from Germany, the later only available for the GSI version. The assembly of the Vectra A goes until 1996, when the Vectra B was launched. Its production was made from CKD.

Engines

[edit]
Engine model Displ. Power Torque Fueling system Valvetrain Top speed
14NV 1.4 L 55 kW (75 PS; 74 hp) at 5,600 rpm 108 N⋅m (80 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm Carburettor SOHC 176 km/h (109 mph)
16SV 1.6 L 60 kW (82 PS; 80 hp) at 5,200 rpm 130 N⋅m (96 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 rpm Carburettor SOHC 178 km/h (111 mph)
C16NZ(2) 1.6 L 55 kW (75 PS; 74 hp) at 5,200 rpm 127 N⋅m (94 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 rpm SPFI SOHC 176 km/h (109 mph)
E16NZ 1.6 L 55 kW (75 PS; 74 hp) at 5,200 rpm 125 N⋅m (92 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 rpm SPFI SOHC 176 km/h (109 mph)
X16SZR 1.6 L 52 kW (71 PS; 70 hp) at 5,000 rpm 128 N⋅m (94 lb⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm SPFI SOHC 176 km/h (109 mph)
18SV 1.8 L 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) at 5,400 rpm 148 N⋅m (109 lb⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm Carburettor SOHC 183 km/h (114 mph)
E18NVR 1.8 L 65 kW (88 PS; 87 hp) at 5,400 rpm 143 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm Carburettor SOHC 182 km/h (113 mph)
C18NZ 1.8 L 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) at 5,400 rpm 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm SPFI SOHC 183 km/h (114 mph)
C20NEF 2.0 L 74 kW (101 PS; 99 hp) at 5,200 rpm 158 N⋅m (117 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 rpm MPFI SOHC  
20NE 2.0 L 85 kW (116 PS; 114 hp) at 5,200 rpm 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 rpm MPFI SOHC 198 km/h (123 mph)
C20NE 2.0 L 85 kW (116 PS; 114 hp) at 5,200 rpm 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 rpm MPFI SOHC 198 km/h (123 mph)
20SEH 2.0 L 95 kW (129 PS; 127 hp) at 5,600 rpm 180 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft) at 4,600 rpm MPFI SOHC 206 km/h (128 mph)
22NE 2.2 L[citation needed] 103 kW (140 PS; 138 hp) at 5,200 rpm 207 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft) at 2,600 rpm MPFI SOHC 202 km/h (126 mph)
20XEJ 2.0 L 110 kW (150 PS; 148 hp) at 6,000 rpm 196 N⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm MPFI DOHC 217 km/h (135 mph)
C20XE 2.0 L 110 kW (150 PS; 148 hp) at 6,000 rpm 196 N⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm MPFI DOHC 217 km/h (135 mph)
X20XEV 2.0 L 100 kW (136 PS; 134 hp) at 5,600 rpm 185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft) at 4,000 rpm MPFI DOHC 210 km/h (130 mph)
C20LET 2.0 L 150 kW (204 PS; 201 hp) at 5,600 rpm 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm MPFI, Turbo DOHC 245 km/h (152 mph)
C25XE 2.5 L 125 kW (170 PS; 168 hp) at 6,000 rpm 227 N⋅m (167 lb⋅ft) at 4,200 rpm MPFI DOHC 233 km/h (145 mph)
17D 1.7 L 42 kW (57 PS; 56 hp) at 4,600 rpm
44 kW (60 PS; 59 hp) at 4,600 rpm
105 N⋅m (77 lb⋅ft) at 2,400–2,600 rpm Bosch injection pump SOHC 152 km/h (94 mph)
17DR 1.7 L 44 kW (60 PS; 59 hp) at 4,600 rpm 105 N⋅m (77 lb⋅ft) at 2,400–2,600 rpm Bosch injection pump SOHC 152 km/h (94 mph)
TC4EE1 1.7 L 60 kW (82 PS; 80 hp) at 4,400 rpm 168 N⋅m (124 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm Bosch injection pump SOHC 176 km/h (109 mph)

Vectra B (1995–2002)

[edit]
Vectra B
Pre-facelift
Overview
Also calledChevrolet Vectra
Holden Vectra
Vauxhall Vectra
ProductionOctober 1995 – March 2002
AssemblyAustralia (1998–1999): Elizabeth, S.A. (GM-Holden Elizabeth)
Belgium: Antwerp (Opel Antwerp plant)
Brazil (1996–2005): São Caetano do Sul (GM em São Caetano)
Egypt (1998–2005): 6th of October City (GME)
England: Luton (Luton car assembly plant)
Germany: Rüsselsheim
Taiwan (1997–2000): Xinzhuang District (Chinese Automobile Co., Ltd.)
Turkey (1996–2002): Torbalı, İzmir (GM Turkiye Ltd.)
Body and chassis
Body style4-door saloon
5-door hatchback
5-door estate
PlatformGM2900 platform
RelatedSaturn L-Series
Saab 9-5 (first generation)
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission4-speed automatic
5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,640 mm (103.9 in)
Length4,480 mm (176.4 in) (saloon/hatchback)
4,490 mm (176.8 in) (estate)
Width1,710 mm (67.3 in)
Height1,420 mm (55.9 in)
Curb weight1,270 kg (2,800 lb)–1,325 kg (2,921 lb)
Pre-facelift
Saloon (Holden Vectra)
Hatchback (Vauxhall Vectra)
Estate (Vauxhall Vectra)

The second model, the Vectra B, was introduced in October 1995 for the 1996 model year, at the Frankfurt Motor Show, and the model range came to include an estate version for the first time. This model replaced the Vauxhall Cavalier in the United Kingdom. The five-door estate version premiered in September 1996, with the tagline ‘One step ahead of the Mob’.[9]

The Vauxhall badged Vectra B was the last Vauxhall to be produced at the company's Luton plant, where the end of automobile production was announced in December 2000, taking effect just over a year later. Car production at the site finished in March 2002,[10] although production of commercial vehicles continued.[11]

Engines started from the 75 PS (55 kW) 1.6 L, Family 1 but eventually the 8-valve engines were all replaced by 16-valve powerplants. The 2.0 L Family II engine, with 136 PS (100 kW) was developed as a basis for touring car racing (later in Australia, 2.2 L 108 kW), but the top of the line was a 2.5 L V6 with 170 PS (125 kW).

Diesel power came once again from Isuzu, with 1.7 liters and 82 PS, also a 2.0 L Ecotec with either 82 PS or 101 PS and 2.2 L Ecotec with 125 PS. In 2001, the all new 2.2 L petrol engine, as carried over to the Vectra C, was introduced with the 2.5 L petrol in its last incarnation being upgraded to a 2.6 L to accommodate emissions improvements. In April 1999, the Vectra was updated, receiving a mildly modified body (that can be identified by the single piece headlight units and body coloured bumpers) together with somewhat improved handling and better equipment.

Facelift
Hatchback (facelift)
Hatchback (facelift)
Sedan (Holden Vectra)
Estate (Vauxhall Vectra)

Sporting limited edition models included the touring car championship inspired i500, Super Touring and GSi. The first model was developed in Germany by Opel Motorsport, with the V6 engine's power increased to 195 PS (143 kW), and the other two were created in Milton Keynes by Motor Sport Developments.

Only 3,900 2.5 GSi models were ever produced, mostly in saloon and hatchback guise. With only 317 estate versions produced during this time, they became one of the rarest production Vauxhalls ever.

On the 2001 and 2002 model years, a last of the line 2.6 GSi was made also but these were limited to five hundred cars. These were again mostly saloons and hatchbacks, however 37 estates were made. These models received a host of extra upgrades, including to Xenon headlamps, and larger front brakes.

In October 2013, Top Gear magazine placed the 1995 Vectra on its list of The 13 Worst Cars Of The Last 20 Years, describing the car as "so mediocre that Jeremy Clarkson refused to drive it."[12]

Production of the Vectra B ended in March 2002.

International production

[edit]
Egypt

In Egypt, the production of the Opel Vectra B commenced during 1996 with two models, initially in GLS trim with a 1.6-litre, 8v engine and a manual transmission, or in CD trim with a 8-valve, 2.0-litre with automatic transmission.

Later in 2000, the revised model was produced with three models: 1.6 (8v) GLS with manual transmission, later replaced by the 1.6 16v GLS trim with automatic transmission, 2.0 16v CD with automatic transmission, and a 2.0 CDX trim (also automatic). Only the saloon body style was offered. In 2002, local production of the Opel Vectra ceased in favour of the Corsa saloon and Astra saloon.

North America

A related model sold in North America was the Saturn L-Series, introduced in 2000, but dropped from the line up in 2005. It was replaced by the 2007 Saturn Aura, which was built around GM's Epsilon architecture, shared with the Vectra C.

South America

The release of the second generation of the Chevrolet Vectra happened at the same time that the IndyCar series in Brazil, GM made a deal to use the Vectra as a Medical and Safety car for the race. The Vectra B came with the already available 2.0 8-valve engine with 110 PS (81 kW) on the GL and GLS versions and a national version of the previously 2.0 16 valve with 136 PS (100 kW) for the CD version.

In 1998, GM introduced a new, torquier 2.2-litre 8 valve engine with 123 PS (90 kW) for the GL and GLS, and a 16 valve version of the same with 138 PS (101 kW) and 207 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft) for the CD version.

A facelift was done for the 2000 models, just like the European version. Production ran until 2005, when it was replaced by the new generation Vectra, based on the Opel Astra H Sedan. The Vectra was only offered in a 4-door saloon body in both generations (A & B).

Vectra C (2002–2010)

[edit]
Vectra C
Pre-facelift
Overview
Also calledChevrolet Vectra
Holden Vectra
Vauxhall Vectra
ProductionMarch 2002 – June 2010
Assembly
Body and chassis
Body style4-door notchback saloon
5-door hatchback
5-door estate
PlatformEpsilon platform
RelatedOpel Signum
Saab 9-3
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission6-speed automatic
6-speed manual
5-speed manual
5-speed Easytronic automated manual
CVTronic
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,700 mm (106.3 in) (saloon/hatch)
2,830 mm (111.4 in) (estate)
Length4,596 mm (180.9 in) (saloon/hatch, pre-facelift)
4,611 mm (181.5 in) (saloon/hatch, post-facelift)[14]
4,822 mm (189.8 in) (estate, pre-facelift)
4,839 mm (190.5 in) (estate, post-facelift)
"OPC" versions 31 mm (1.2 in) longer
Width1,798 mm (70.8 in)
Height1,460 mm (57.5 in) (saloon/hatch)
1,500 mm (59.1 in) (estate)
Curb weight1,393 kg (3,071 lb)
Pre-facelift
Saloon
Hatchback (Holden Vectra)
Estate

Built on the new GM Epsilon platform, the Opel Vectra C, released in March 2002 for the 2003 model year was initially available as a four-door notchback saloon and a five-door hatchback, known as the GTS.[15] A five-door estate was added in October 2003.[16] The Vectra C's official debut was at the 2002 Geneva Motor Show.

Originally, the Vectra C was due to début with the Saab 9-3 in October 2001, at the Frankfurt Motor Show, but in July 2001, it was announced that delays had forced General Motors to postpone the introduction.[17] The hatchback version premiered in September 2002. The four door notchback saloon version of the Vectra C almost resembled a two-box four door fastback saloon. While the earlier Cavalier and Vectras had been built at the company's Luton plant, the second generation Vauxhall Vectra was built at the Ellesmere Port plant from the introduction. Pilot production at Ellesmere Port started in late 2001.[18]

The Vectra C was first seen in November 1999, in a copy of Auto Express. At the Frankfurt Motor Show in October 2003, the estate version premièred, which had a slightly longer wheelbase than the hatchback and saloon versions. Sharing the 2,830 millimetres (111 in) wheelbase of the estate, an "executive hatchback" sold under the Opel/Vauxhall Signum nameplate. The Signum, which was based partly on the Vectra C, featured a completely different layout in the rear.[19]

The engine range was substantially modified to account for the increased curb weight of the Vectra C. The 90 kW (121 hp) 1.8 litre Family 1 Ecotec engine was reserved for the base model, with the main petrol engine for the Vectra C, making up the vast bulk of production, being the Ecotec 2.2 litre chain driven unit producing 108 kW (145 hp); along with a new range topping 3.2 litre 54-Degree V6, with 155 kW (208 hp).[20] From June to July 2002, Ed Harris starred in adverts for the Vauxhall Vectra in the United Kingdom.[21] Pierluigi Collina also starred in adverts across Europe for the Vectra, as well as the Signum, in the end of 2005.[22]

In 2003, a 2.0 litre turbocharged Ecotec engine with 129 kW (173 hp) was also notionally offered. Being a main engine for another GM brand, Saab, it was only ever sold in small numbers in the Vectra.[23] The 2.2 litre was upgraded in 2004, with the 'Direct' name added to the model line, indicating the new high pressure direct injection update that increased power output to 115 kW (154 hp) with improved emissions.

Diesel power, which had become important for commercial success in Europe,[24] was provided by CDTI 1.9, 2.0 and 2.2 engines, with a top of the range Isuzu sourced 3.0 litre DMAX V6 outputting 132 kW (177 hp).

In October 2004, the four cylinder diesel engine was replaced with a Fiat designed 1.9 litre Ecotec CDTI engine capable of producing 89 kW (119 hp) in 8v form and 110 kW (148 hp) in 16v form.[25] Handling was reported to be much better than the previous Vectra.

Facelift
Saloon
Hatchback (Vauxhall Vectra)
Estate

The Vectra C received a facelift in September 2005, with the début at the Frankfurt Motor Show, and it retained a similar line of engines. However, the power of the 3.0 diesel was increased to 137 kW (184 hp), and the petrol 3.2 litre V6 engine was replaced by an Australian built turbocharged 2.8 litre High Feature V6 unit. This Saab co-developed motor could produce 170 kW (228 hp). Opel installed the twin scroll turbo engine in its Signum productline with 185 kW (248 hp) output.

The 185 kW (248 hp) version was available for the Vectra later in 2006. Opel also introduced – for the first time – an OPC version of the Vectra, using the VXR name in the United Kingdom. These high performance variants were only available as hatchbacks and estates. In the United Kingdom the power of the High Feature V6 engine was increased to 188 kW (252 hp), giving a maximum speed approaching 250 km/h (155 mph).

Production of the Vectra C and Signum ended in July 2008.

Overseas markets and rebadges

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Australia and New Zealand

The Vectra C was branded as the Holden Vectra in Australia and New Zealand. Between 1998 and 2001, Holden in Australia assembled the Vectra for export to other RHD markets in the region, with a view to exporting 60 per cent of output, although this was adversely affected by the Asian economic crisis.[26]

Locally designated the ZC series and launched in March 2003, the Vectra C was only available as a sedan and hatchback. Holden did not offer the Vectra C estate due to the presence of the Astra and later Holden Viva (Daewoo Lacetti) estates. The Vectra was dropped and replaced by the Holden Epica, a badge engineered Daewoo Tosca early in 2007.[27]

Due to stockpiling of Vectras from 2005 for the market in Australasia, there was enough supply of the car for deliveries to last through to 2007. As a result, facelifted Vectra Cs were not sold in those markets.[28] In 2008, the Vectra OPC was available with either six speed manual or six speed automatic transmission (Previous Vectra OPC had manual gearbox only). The 2.8L DOHC V6 turbo engine could generate 206 kW (276 hp).

United Kingdom

Sales of the Vectra C in the United Kingdom were not as strong as those of its predecessors. For much of its production life, the original Vectra was the fourth best selling car in the country, but the Vectra C never came higher than tenth in the country's car sales charts, though within its own market sector it held on to second place, behind the Ford Mondeo.

In 2007, it finally made the Top 10 of Britain's car sales charts, being the nation's tenth most popular new car with over 50,000 sales, outselling the Ford Mondeo for the first time since 1999.[29] Also, in January 2007, the estate variant was awarded Estate Car of the Year 2007, by What Car? magazine.[30]

South America

While the Vectra C was sold in Mexico and Chile as the Chevrolet Vectra, it was not marketed in Brazil, where Chevrolet opted to sell the Astra H under the Vectra brand from 2006 to 2011. Both local spec cars were powered by the FlexPower SOHC engine originally introduced in 1982 in the Chevrolet Monza.

Ireland

In Ireland, the Vectra C was produced until February 2010.

Chevrolet Vectra D (2009–2012)

[edit]
2009 Chevrolet Vectra (Chile)

The Chevrolet Vectra D is the rebadged Opel Insignia available only in the Chilean market. It is a very rare model of Chevrolet in Chile, with not many found. In June 2013, it was renamed the Opel Insignia along with a facelift, as the Chevrolet brand was being phased out in that market. In February 2017, Opel was sold to the PSA Group.

Motorsport

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Opel Vectra C, built to the DTM rules

The Vectra was used in several touring car racing series.

In the 1990s and the early 2000s the Vectra B Super Touring took part in the British Touring Car Championship, the Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship, the German Super Tourenwagen Cup, the Australian Super Touring Championship, the Japanese Touring Car Championship, the Italian Superturismo Championship, the French Supertouring Championship and the Swedish Touring Car Championship.

Uwe Alzen was third in Super Tourenwagen Cup in 1997 and 1998, and second in 1999; John Henderson was runner up in the 2000 Australian Super Touring Championship; John Cleland was British Touring Car Champion in 1995 and finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 and 1994; Yvan Muller was sixth in the 1999 British Touring Car Championship and fourth in 2000; and Nicklas Karlsson was third in the 2002 Swedish Touring Car Championship.

BTCC Vauxhall Vectra built to S2000 regulations.

A prototype Vectra C was built to the BTC Touring specifications in 2003 by Triple Eight Race Engineering, with the view to using it in the 2004 BTCC, but it was never raced, despite being shown publicly at the 2004 Birmingham Motor Show as the 'Vectra Diesel Concept'.[31]

After being replaced by the Astra H in the British Touring Car Championship, the Vauxhall Vectra was introduced in 2007. Fabrizio Giovanardi was champion in 2007 and 2008. VX Racing competed in the season of 2009, with three Vectras, driven by Giovanardi, Matt Neal and Andrew Jordan.

The Vectra has been used as a silhouette racing car: in the Stock Car Brasil in 2000 to 2003 (it was the champion for four seasons) and 2009, in the Argentine Top Race V6 since 2005 (Guillermo Ortelli was 2005 champion), and in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2004 and 2005, with little success.

In 1994, a Vectra A was the official Formula 1 safety car during the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix driven by Max Angelelli at the time and was in front of Ayrton Senna for 5 laps before he crashed into Tamburello on lap 7.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ross, David (6 June 2019). "Vauxhall Vectra Hatchback (2005 - 2008) review". Parker's Car Guides. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  2. ^ Satyam. "Welcome to GMArabia.com". Gmegypt.com. Archived from the original on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  3. ^ "GM Bakal Buka Lagi Pabrik Perakitan di Pondok Ungu". detikoto (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  4. ^ Johansson, Claes, ed. (24 January 1991). "Opel Vectra numera turkisk" [Opel Vectra is Turkish nowadays]. Teknikens Värld (in Swedish). Vol. 43, no. 2. Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB. pp. 16–17.
  5. ^ European Motor Business, Issues 24-27, Economist Intelligence Unit, 1991, page 102
  6. ^ Costantini, Guido (January 1989). "Per lei ci vuole il "duemila"" [For her, it takes two-thousand]. Quattroruote (in Italian). Vol. 34, no. 399. Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus. p. 117.
  7. ^ Aucock, Richard (August 2006). "Vauxhall Vectra". Auto Express. Dennis Publishing. Retrieved 14 March 2009.
  8. ^ Stark, Harry A.; Bush, James W., eds. (1990). Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1990. Vol. 52. Detroit, MI: Ward's Communications, Inc. p. 284. ISBN 0910589010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
  9. ^ "THIS WEEK: Vauxhall is launching the estate version of its Vectra ..." www.campaignlive.co.uk. 7 November 1996. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  10. ^ "Vauxhall ends Luton production". Guardian News & Media Limited. 21 March 2002. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  11. ^ Why General Motors is keeping its faith in Vauxhall's Luton plant, Autocar, 25 August 2014
  12. ^ "The 13 Worst Cars of the Last 20 Years". Top Gear magazine. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  13. ^ "Guide to assembly plants in Europe" (PDF). automotivenews.com. Automotive News Europe. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  14. ^ Vauxhall Vectra owners' Manual July 2007 ref TS 1557-A-08
  15. ^ "New Holden Vectra goes up-market". WebWombat. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  16. ^ "Vauxhall Vectra Estate (2003 – To Date)". Yahoo!. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  17. ^ "Spy Shots: 2003 Saab 9-3". AutoTrader.com. 13 July 2001. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  18. ^ "Ellesmere Port gears up for new Vectra production". FleetNews. Bauer Consumer Media Ltd. 1 June 2001. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021.
  19. ^ "Opel Vectra and Signum Facelifts". Automotriz. Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  20. ^ "Opel Vectra GTS". Babez.de. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  21. ^ "Ad of the Week: Vauxhall puts Vectra on trial". www.telegraph.co.uk. 18 June 2002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  22. ^ "Referee Collina 'takes control' in Vauxhall TV and print campaign". www.campaignlive.co.uk. 23 September 2005. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  23. ^ "New Opel Signum: Versatile, Innovative, Unique". Black Falcon Media Group Oy. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  24. ^ Christine, Tierney; Weich, David (3 May 2003). "The Smell of Diesel Is Back in the Air". McGraw-Hill. Archived from the original on 22 June 2003. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
  25. ^ "Vauxhall Vectra CDTI 150". Khoo Systems. 17 October 2004. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
  26. ^ Business Review Weekly: BRW, Volume 20, Issues 1-6, page 19
  27. ^ Newton, Bruce (June 2007). "Sneer Miss". Wheels. pp. 104–108.
  28. ^ Yan, Jack (26 May 2007). "Holden Epica arrives in New Zealand (God help us)". Jack Yan & Associates. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
  29. ^ Finlay, David (8 January 2008). "UK Motor Industry 2007". PDRonline. Archived from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
  30. ^ "Car of the Year 2007 – Estate car". What Car?. 19 January 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
  31. ^ Autosport magazine feature 25 January 2007 'Tin-Tops That Never Raced'
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