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Coordinates: 11°39′N 78°09′E / 11.65°N 78.15°E / 11.65; 78.15
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{{Short description|City in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{copy edit|date=February 2014}}
{{Other places|Salem (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2013}}
{{Lead too short|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Salem
| name = Salem
| native_name = சேலம்
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Tamil
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Corporation
| image_seal =
| image_skyline =
| image_shield = SCMC Emblem.png
| image_alt =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = MultiSpeciality Hospital salem.jpg
| image_caption =
| photo2a = Modern theatres.jpg
| nickname = Steel City, Mango City
| photo2b = Salem Junction Night.jpg
| map_alt =
| photo3a = Salem Corporation Head office panoramic view.jpg
| map_caption =
| photo3b = Mookeneri(Kannakurichi) Lake.jpg
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| photo4a = Salem collector office.JPG
| pushpin_label_position = right
| photo4b = A photo of Salem Steel Plant entrance.JPG
| pushpin_map_alt =
| photo5a = Salem city from Hills.jpg
| pushpin_map_caption =
| foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top''': [[Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College|Salem Multi-speciality Hospital]]; [[Salem Junction railway station|Salem Junction]]; [[Mookaneri Lake]]; [[Salem Steel Plant]]; Salem City bird view at night; [[Salem District|Salem District Collectorate]]; [[Salem City Municipal Corporation|Salem Corporation Office]] and [[Modern Theatres]]
| latd = 11.65
| size = 250
| latm =
| position = center
| lats =
}}
| latNS = N
| nickname = [[Steel City]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mygov.in/group-issue/my-salem-my-pride/|title=My Salem – My Pride|date=30 October 2015|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201193418/https://www.mygov.in/group-issue/my-salem-my-pride/|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| longd = 78.16
| longm =
| map_alt = Location of Salem
| longs =
| map_caption =
| longEW = E
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| subdivision_type = Country
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| subdivision_name = India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.65|N|78.15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name1 = Tamil Nadu
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Salem district|Salem]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| established_date =
| subdivision_name2 = [[Salem district|Salem]]
| founder =
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| named_for =
| established_date =
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body = [[Salem City Municipal Corporation]]
| founder =
| leader_title = Mayor
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| leader_name = [[S. Soundappan]] ([[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]])
| governing_body = [[Salem City Municipal Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| leader_title = Mayor
| area_rank =
| leader_name = A. Ramachandran [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| area_total_km2 = 124
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 278
| area_total_km2 = 91.34
| population_total = 829,267
| area_metro_km2 = 799.59
| area_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://salem.nic.in/salem-local-planning-area-slpa/#
| population_as_of = 2011|population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=684822|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=10 May 2015}}</ref>
|title=About Salem|publisher=salem.nic.in|access-date=1 October 2020}}</ref>
| population_rank =
| area_rank = 5
| population_density_km2 = 8036
| elevation_footnotes =
| population_metro = 919,150
| elevation_m = 278
| population_metro_footnotes =
| population_total = {{increase}} 1,189,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21392/salem/population|title=Salem, India City Area Population 1950-2023|access-date=5 October 2015}}</ref>
| population_note =
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| population_footnotes = <ref name=2011census/>
| demographics1_info1 = Tamil
| population_rank = [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|55th]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| population_metro = {{increase}} 2,463,367
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| population_blank1_title = Metro rank
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| population_blank1 = [[List of metropolitan areas in India|37th]]
| postal_code = 636xxx
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="UA_2011">{{cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract – Urban Agglomeration|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/MFTableSeries.aspx|format=XLS|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315050316/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/MFTableSeries.aspx|archive-date=15 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| population_note =
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91-427]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| registration_plate = TN-30,TN-52,TN-54
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| website = {{URL|www.salemcorporation.gov.in}}
| demographics1_info1 = Tamil
| footnotes =
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = Tamil
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 636xxx
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91-427]]
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = TN-27, TN-30, TN-54, TN-90, TN-52
| website = {{URL|www.salemcorporation.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| other_name =
| population_demonym = Salemians, Salethar
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-TN]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.669 Rank - 17 {{color|orange|medium}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259378128|title=Some Aspects of Inter District Disparities in Tamil Nadu|access-date=26 January 2018}}</ref>
| blank1_info_sec1 = 987 [[female|♀]]/ 1000 [[male|♂]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 84.42%<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/475-salem.html |title=Salem City Census 2011 data |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date=2014-09-22 }}</ref>
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{USD|10.354|year=2020}}Billion<ref>https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/8278/overview</ref>
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[GDP]](2020)
}}
}}

'''Salem''' ({{audio|Salem.ogg|pronunciation}}) city is a part of [[Salem district]] in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is located about {{convert|160|km|mi|-1}} northeast of [[Coimbatore]], {{convert|186|km|mi|0}} southeast of [[Bangalore]] and about {{convert|340|km|mi|-1}} southwest of the state capital, [[Chennai]]. Salem is the fifth largest city in Tamil Nadu in terms of population, after [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Madurai]], and [[Tiruchirappalli]] respectively, and fifth in terms of urbanization. The area of the city is {{convert|100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. It is the fifth municipal corporation and [[urban agglomeration]] commissioned in Tamil Nadu after Chennai (Madras) (1919), Coimbatore (1981), Madurai (1971) Tiruchirappalli (1994) and Tirunelveli (1994). As of 2011, the city had a population of 1,272,743.<ref>http://www.geohive.com/cntry/in-33.aspx</ref>
'''Salem''', natively spelt as '''Selam'''{{refn|group=note|''Salem'' is the anglicized spelling used in [[British English]], and ''cēlam'' is the [[ISO 15919|romanized]] spelling from the [[Tamil script]], simplified in [[Indian English]] as ''Selam''.}} ({{IPA-ta|seːlam|pron|Salem.ogg}}), is a major city in [[Salem district]], located on the banks of the [[Thirumanimutharu river]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] surrounded by mountains. Salem is the [[List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population|fifth largest]] urban agglomeration in the state, exceeded by [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Madurai]], [[Tiruchirappalli]], and [[List of metropolitan areas in Tamil Nadu|Third largest]] metropolitan region in the state only after to [[Chennai metropolitan area|Chennai]] and [[Coimbatore metropolitan area|Coimbatore]] metropolitan regions. The city is {{convert|124|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} large.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/about-corporation.php|title=About Corporation|publisher=salemcorporation.gov.in|access-date=27 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718231923/http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/about-corporation.php|archive-date=18 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{More citations needed|section|date=September 2021}}
Cheralam, Shalya, Sayilam and Sailam are found in inscriptions referring to the country around the hills Nagarmalai in the north, Jeragamalai in the south, Kanjamalai in the west and Godumalai in the east. Locals claim Salem to be the birthplace of Tamil poetess [[Avvaiyar]]. Salem and the hilly regions around it were part of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera Dynasty]] and the city was ruled by kings known as the Kurunila Mannargal of ancient Tamil Nadu. It was later ruled by Gatti Mudalis [[Poligars]] who built a few temples and forts in and around the city.


=== Early period ===
In the early 18th century, after the [[Mangammal#War with Mysore|Mysore-Madurai war]], the region came under the rule of [[Hyder Ali]]. Subsequently, Salem was taken from Hyder Ali by [[Robert Brooke (East India Company officer)|Colonel Wood]] at the beginning of 1768. It was recaptured by Hyder Ali towards the end of the year 1772. Under [[Lord Clive-class monitor|Lord Clive]] in 1799, it was again occupied by a detachment of the regiment stationed at Sankagiri Durg and remained a military station until 1861 when the troops were withdrawn. During the times of Kongu Chieftain [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]], places like Salem and Sankagiri were the scenes of battle between Kongu forces and British allied forces. Dheeran Chinnamalai was hanged infamously in the Sankagiri fort, which later became the army headquarters of the British.
Around the beginning of the [[common era]], the existence of a culturally and economically advanced society in Salem two thousand years ago is evident from the discovery of silver coins of the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Nero|Tiberices Claudices Nero]] (37–68 CE) in Koneripatti of Salem in 1987. Later, the [[Pandya dynasty]] started ruling the region around Salem. Afterwards, the [[Pallava dynasty]] arose in Salem, followed by Mahendra Varma Pallava coming to Salem and the rise of [[Saivite]] principles. Mahendra Varma Pallava was succeeded by Narasimha Varma Pallava. Soon, the Pandya dynasty ruled over Salem. The Hoysala rule established in Salem and parts around Salem was retained under the Pandya dynasty.


=== Medieval period ===
According to Edgar Thurston<ref name='Edgar Thurston'>{{cite book|author=Edgar Thurston and K.m Rangachari|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India|year=1909|publisher=Government Press, Madras}}</ref> (Castes and Tribes of India Volume 5) the [[Kongu Nadu|Kongu]] region was ruled by a series of twenty eight kings before being conquered by the [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]] of [[Thanjavur|Tanjore]], citing the earliest portion of the Kongu Chronicle&nbsp;– Kongu Desa Rajakkal (a manuscript in The Mackenzie Collection) which contains a series of short notes of the reigns of all the kings who ruled the country from the start of the Christian era till its conquest by the Cholas. These kings belonged to two distinct dynasties: the earlier line of the ''Solar race'' which had a succession of seven kings of the Ratti or Reddi tribe, and the later line of the Ganga race.
The city has also been a part of the Chola Dynasty. A mosque in the city is believed to have been built by Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore Kingdom in the present-day state of Karnataka. The town and the surrounding hilly regions were part of the [[Chola dynasty]] and were part of the trade route with the [[Roman empire]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Far East Kingdoms of South Asia: Cheras|url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaCheras.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217112250/http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaCheras.htm|archive-date=17 February 2017|access-date=25 February 2017|work=The History Files}}</ref> It was later governed by [[Poligars]], who built temples and forts in and around the city.<ref>{{cite book|author=E. H. Warmington|title=The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1107-432-14-7|page=144}}</ref> It was part of the [[Vijayanagara empire]] before being captured by [[Hyder Ali]] during the early 18th century, after the [[Mangammal#War with Mysore|Mysore-Madurai war]]. It was ceded to the British in 1768 and the area became part of the struggle between [[Kongu Nadu]], led by [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]], and the British.<ref>{{cite news|author=Asha Sridhar|date=30 January 2015|title=Winding the clock back, anti-colonial wise|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/winding-the-clock-back-anticolonial-wise/article6835999.ece|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref>


==Demographics==
===Modern period===
Salem became part of [[Salem district]] since independence in 1947. Salem district was the first district to be formed in India on 4 April 1792 that spread over 7,530 km<sup>2</sup> comprising the present-day [[Namakkal]], [[Dharmapuri]], [[Krishnagiri]]. Alexander Reed was the collector of the Salem district from 1792 to 1799.<ref>{{cite news|last=S.P.Saravanan|first=Saravanan|date=10 April 2016|title=Salem's history on a map|work=The Hindu|location=Salem|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-history-on-a-map/article8456869.ece|url-status=live|access-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909014038/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-history-on-a-map/article8456869.ece|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref>
{{Historical populations

|state=collapsed
Until 2008, the city was part of the [[Salem&nbsp;– I (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem I]] and [[Salem&nbsp;– II (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem II]] assembly constituencies. Salem is also a home to one of the earliest film studios in the country, [[Modern Theatres]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp88.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232527/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp88.htm|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp89.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232540/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp89.htm|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
|align=left

|1871 |50012
== Geography and climate <span class="anchor" id="Geography and Climate"></span>==
|1881 |50667
{{Main|Geography of Salem}}
|1891 |67710
[[File:Mookeneri(Kannakurichi) Lake.jpg|thumb|Mookaneri Lake in the city]]
|1901 |70621
Salem is located at {{Coord|11.67|N|78.14|E|}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Salem.html |title=Falling Rain Genomic s, Inc&nbsp;– Salem |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=10 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013121956/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Salem.html |archive-date=13 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> at an average elevation of 278&nbsp;m (912&nbsp;ft.). The city is surrounded by hills: Nagaramalai on the north, Jarugumalai on the south, [[Kanjamalai]] on the west, [[Godumalai]] on the east and the [[Shevaroy Hills]] on the northeast. Kariyaperumal Hill is in southwestern Salem.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/people-throng-tourist-spots-on-kaanum-pongal/article6798283.ece|title=People throng tourist spots on 'Kaanum Pongal'|author=Syed Muthahar Saqaf|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 January 2015|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205131013/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/people-throng-tourist-spots-on-kaanum-pongal/article6798283.ece|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Thirumanimutharu River]] flows through the city, dividing it in two.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/river-thirumanimuthar-cries-for-attention/article7804532.ece|title=River Thirumanimuthar cries for attention|author=SS.P. Saravanan|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 October 2015|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205130548/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/river-thirumanimuthar-cries-for-attention/article7804532.ece|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The fort area is the oldest part of Salem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonatech.ac.in/about-sona/salem-district.html|title=ABOUT SALEM CITY|publisher=sonatech.in|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424005956/http://www.sonatech.ac.in/about-sona/salem-district.html|archive-date=24 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|1911|59153

|1921|52244
===Location===
|1931|102179
[[File:Salem from Yercaud.jpg|thumb|Salem City, view from Yercaud hills]]
|1941|129702
[[File:Salem city from Hills.jpg|thumb|Salem City, view from Oothumalai hills]]
|1951|203052

|1961|249145
Salem lies in the foothills of [[Shevaroy Hills|Shevaroy hills]] which houses the famous hill Station '[[Yercaud]]'. It is located about {{convert|140|km|mi|0|abbr=}} northwest of [[Tiruchirappalli]], {{convert|170|km|mi|0|abbr=}} northeast of [[Coimbatore]], {{convert|206|km|mi|0}} southeast of [[Bangalore]] and about {{convert|346|km|mi|-1}} southwest of the state capital, [[Chennai]].
|1971|
|1981|
|1991|366712
|2001|696760
|2011|829267
}}
Salem had a population of 826,267 as of the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] (05740). There were 987 females for every 1,000 males, significantly above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|accessdate=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 79,067 were under the age of six, constituting 40,570 males and 38,497 females.The average literacy of the city was 76.37%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The city had a total of 215,747 households. There were a total of 332,147 workers: 1599 cultivators, 3040 main agricultural laborers, 32,597 in household industries, 278,892 other workers, 16,019 marginal workers, 165 marginal cultivators, 544 marginal agricultural laborers, 1937 marginal workers in household industries and 13,373 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals&nbsp;– Salem(05740)|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=684822|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|accessdate=26 January 2014}}</ref>


===Water bodies===
==Geography and Climate==
'''[[Mettur Dam]]''' is the main water resource for [[Salem district|Salem District]].
Salem is located at {{Coord|11.669437|N|78.140865|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Salem.html |title=Falling Rain Genomic s, Inc&nbsp;– Salem |publisher=Fallingrain.com |date= |accessdate=10 April 2012}}</ref> The average elevation is 278&nbsp;m (912&nbsp;ft). The city is surrounded by hills on all sides, namely, Nagaramalai in the north, Jarugumalai in the south, [[Kanjamalai]] in the west, [[Godumalai]] to the east and the [[Shevaroy Hills]] to the north east. The Kariyaperumal Hill is situated within the city to the southwest. Thirumanimuthar river flows through the city, dividing it into two parts. The fort area is the oldest part of the town. Salem local planning area extends up to {{convert|100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} within the city .


===Climate===
Salem receives scanty rainfall and a dry climate. Salem has moderate-dry weather throughout except during the monsoon season. Generally, the first two months of the year are pleasant, with summer beginning around March. The highest temperatures normally occur during May. This period of time sees scanty rainfall. The climate becomes more temperate during June–July period. During this pre-monsoon period, the mercury reverses its upward trend, and by August, the sky becomes overcast, heavily, but the rains are meager. The northeast monsoon sets in vigorously during September–November; by December, the rains disappear, rendering the climate clear and pleasant.
Salem has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw''). January and February are generally pleasant; the hot summer begins in March, with the year's highest temperatures during April. Pre-monsoon thunderstorms occur during April and May. The Southwest monsoon season lasts from June to September. The [[Monsoon#Northeast monsoon|northeast monsoon]] occurs from October to December.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Salem.pdf|title=DISTRICT GROUNDWATER BROCHURE SALEM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU|publisher=Central Ground Water Board|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403092016/http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Salem.pdf|archive-date=3 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnenvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/9_SALEM_RAINFALL.pdf|title=Ground Water Augmentation of Kannankuruchi Lake, Salem, TamilNadu Using GIS|publisher=International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184519/http://www.tnenvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/9_SALEM_RAINFALL.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location=Salem, India
|location = Salem, Tamil Nadu (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020)
|metric first=Yes
| metric first = Yes
|single line=Yes
| single line = Yes
|Jan high C=29
| width = auto
|Feb high C=30
| Jan record high C = 37.2
|Mar high C=33
| Feb record high C = 39.8
|Apr high C=37
| Mar record high C = 41.7
|May high C=42
| Apr record high C = 42.8
|Jun high C=38
| May record high C = 42.8
|Jul high C=36
| Jun record high C = 42.8
|Aug high C=35
| Jul record high C = 40.6
|Sep high C=33
| Aug record high C = 39.9
|Oct high C=32
| Sep record high C = 38.9
|Nov high C=30
| Oct record high C = 37.9
|Dec high C=28
| Nov record high C = 36.4
| Dec record high C = 35.6
|Jan low C=19
| year record high C = 42.8
|Feb low C=20
|Mar low C=22
| Jan high C = 32.1
|Apr low C=26
| Feb high C = 34.5
|May low C=28
| Mar high C = 37.0
|Jun low C=27
| Apr high C = 37.8
|Jul low C=26
| May high C = 37.1
|Aug low C=26
| Jun high C = 35.0
|Sep low C=25
| Jul high C = 34.1
|Oct low C=24
| Aug high C = 33.3
|Nov low C=22
| Sep high C = 33.3
|Dec low C=21
| Oct high C = 32.2
| Nov high C = 30.9
|precipitation colour=green
| Dec high C = 30.5
|Jan precipitation mm=14.0
|Feb precipitation mm=12.0
| year high C = 34.0
| Jan low C = 19.3
|Mar precipitation mm=24.0
| Feb low C = 20.3
|Apr precipitation mm=44.0
| Mar low C = 22.6
|May precipitation mm=75.0
| Apr low C = 25.1
|Jun precipitation mm=48.0
| May low C = 25.2
|Jul precipitation mm=59.0
| Jun low C = 24.3
|Aug precipitation mm=73.0
| Jul low C = 23.7
|Sep precipitation mm=122.0
| Aug low C = 23.3
|Oct precipitation mm=161.0
| Sep low C = 23.1
|Nov precipitation mm=197.0
| Oct low C = 22.6
|Dec precipitation mm=92.0
| Nov low C = 21.4
|year precipitation mm=1266.9
| Dec low C = 19.8
|source 1=Indian Meteorological Department<ref name=weather>{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/chennai1.htm|title=Climatological Information for Chennai|accessdate=25 January 2009|publisher=Indian Meteorological Department}}</ref>
| year low C = 22.6
|date=August 2010
| Jan record low C = 12.8
| Feb record low C = 11.1
| Mar record low C = 14.4
| Apr record low C = 16.5
| May record low C = 18.3
| Jun record low C = 19.3
| Jul record low C = 18.9
| Aug record low C = 18.1
| Sep record low C = 18.5
| Oct record low C = 15.5
| Nov record low C = 12.8
| Dec record low C = 12.8
| year record low C = 11.1
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 2.8
| Feb rain mm = 2.8
| Mar rain mm = 9.6
| Apr rain mm = 58.1
| May rain mm = 106.6
| Jun rain mm = 74.4
| Jul rain mm = 88.8
| Aug rain mm = 151.2
| Sep rain mm = 156.3
| Oct rain mm = 197.5
| Nov rain mm = 112.5
| Dec rain mm = 31.6
| year rain mm = 992.5
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 3.4
| May rain days = 5.7
| Jun rain days = 4.7
| Jul rain days = 5.5
| Aug rain days = 8.2
| Sep rain days = 8.2
| Oct rain days = 10.0
| Nov rain days = 6.4
| Dec rain days = 2.6
| year rain days = 55.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 45
| Feb humidity = 38
| Mar humidity = 33
| Apr humidity = 41
| May humidity = 49
| Jun humidity = 54
| Jul humidity = 56
| Aug humidity = 58
| Sep humidity = 60
| Oct humidity = 67
| Nov humidity = 66
| Dec humidity = 57
|year humidity = 52
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Salem Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 679–680
| access-date = 29 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M203
| access-date = 29 March 2020}}</ref>
}}
}}


==Administration and politics==
==Municipal administration==
{| style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;" class="toccolours" width="220" font-size : "90%"
{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width:220"
|-
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|Municipal corporation officials
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|Municipal corporation officials
|-
|-
|align="center"| Mayor||vacant|A. Ramachandran [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|align="center"| Mayor||S. Soundappan<ref name="mayor">{{cite web|title=Chairman of municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/who_mayor.html|publisher=Salem municipal corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|year=2011|ref=}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align="center"|Commissioner||M. Ashokan<ref>{{cite web|title=Commissioner of municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Commissioner.html|publisher=Salem municipal corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|year=2011|ref=}}</ref>
|align="center"|Commissioner||T.Christuraj [[Indian Administrative Service]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Commissioner of municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Commissioner.html|publisher=Salem municipal corporation|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116121639/http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Commissioner.html|archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align="center"|Deputy Mayor|| M. Natesan<ref>{{cite web|title=Vice chairman of municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Deputy_mayor.html|publisher=Salem municipal corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|year=2011|ref=}}</ref>
|align="center"|Deputy Mayor|| Saradha devi [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Vice chairman of municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Deputy_mayor.html|publisher=Salem municipal corporation|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116125624/http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Deputy_mayor.html|archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|Member of Legislative Assembly
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|Member of Legislative Assembly
|-
|-
|align="center"|Salem North||[[R. Mohan Raj]]<ref name="MLA1 of Salem">{{cite web|title=MLA of Salem (North) |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/089.htm|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|accessdate =29 December 2012}}</ref>
|align="center"|[[Salem North (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem North]]||[[R. Rajendhran]]<ref name="MLA1 of Salem">{{cite web|title=MLA of Salem (North)|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/089.htm|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128114126/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/089.htm|archive-date=28 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|-
|-
|align="center"|Salem West||[[M. K. Selvaraju]]<ref name="MLA2 of Salem">{{cite web|title=MLA of Salem (West) |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/090.htm|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|accessdate =29 December 2012}}</ref>
|align="center"|[[Salem West (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem West]]||[[Arul Ramadoss]]<ref name="MLA2 of Salem">{{cite web|title=MLA of Salem (West)|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/090.htm|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128114131/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/090.htm|archive-date=28 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]]
|-
|-
|align="center"|Salem South||[[G. Venkatachalam]]<ref name="MLA3 of Salem">{{cite web|title=MLA of Salem (East) |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/088.htm|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|accessdate =29 December 2012}}</ref>
|align="center"|[[Salem South (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem South]]||[[Balasubramanian]]<ref name="MLA3 of Salem">{{cite web|title=MLA of Salem (East)|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/088.htm|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|access-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128114121/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/088.htm|archive-date=28 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
|-
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|Member of Parliament
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|Member of Parliament
|-
|-
|align="center"|Salem MP||[[V. Pannerselvam]]<ref name="Rit">{{cite web|title=Members of Lok Sabha from Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/government/loksaba|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2014|accessdate =26 May 2014}}</ref>
|align="center"|[[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)]]||Salem]]|[[T.M.Selvaganapathi]]<ref name="Rit">{{cite web|title=Members of Lok Sabha from Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/government/loksaba|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2014|access-date=26 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212950/http://www.tn.gov.in/government/loksaba|archive-date=27 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|}
|}
Salem is the headquarters of the [[Salem District]]. The town was constituted as a municipality 1867, promoted to special-grade during 1966 and as a municipal corporation from 1 April 1994. The Salem municipal corporation has 60 wards and there is an elected councillor for each of those wards.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/about-corporation.html|publisher=Salem municipal corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|year=2011|ref=}}</ref> The functions of the municipal corporation are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT). All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|publisher=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|accessdate =29 December 2012|year=2006}}</ref> The legislative powers are vested in a body of 60 members, one each from the 60 wards.<ref>{{cite web|title=Councillors of municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/councilors.html|publisher=Salem municipal corporation|accessdate=29 December 2012|year=2011|ref=}}</ref> The legislative body is headed by an elected Chairperson assisted by a Deputy Chairperson.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Economic and political weekly, Volume 30|pages=2396|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|accessdate = 29 December 2012|year=1995}}</ref>


===Municipal corporation===
Salem is a part of [[Salem North (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem North]], [[Salem West (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem West]] and [[Salem South (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem South]] assembly constituencies that were newly after the constituency delimitations 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008|url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu|accessdate = 29 December 2012}}</ref> The city elects the three members to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years.<ref>{{cite web
[[File:Salem collector office.JPG|thumb|left|Salem Collectorate]]
| url = http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm
[[File:Cannon-3-salem corporation-salem-India.jpg|left|thumb|Cannon at Salem Corporation headquarters]]
| title = List of Assembly Constituencies
Salem is the headquarters of [[Salem district]]. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1867, and was upgraded to a special-grade municipality in 1979 and to a municipal corporation on 1 April 1994. The Salem municipal corporation has 72 wards,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Salem-Corporation-to-increase-number-of-wards/article14377048.ece|title= Salem Corporation to increase number of wards|work=The Hindu|date=1 June 2016|access-date=5 February 2018}}</ref> each with an elected councillor.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/about-corporation.html|publisher=Salem municipal corporation|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525235102/https://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/about-corporation.html|archive-date=25 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The functions of the municipal corporation are divided into six departments: general administration and personnel, engineering, revenue, public health, city planning and information technology (IT). All six departments are governed by a municipal commissioner.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commissioner of Municipal Administration|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|publisher=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106103849/http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm|archive-date=6 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Legislative power is vested in the 60-member council,<ref>{{cite web|title=Councillors of municipal corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/councilors.html|publisher=Salem municipal corporation|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116121712/http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/councilors.html|archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> headed by an elected chairperson and assisted by a deputy chairperson.<ref>{{citation|title=Economic and political weekly, Volume 30|pages=2396|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|year=1995}}</ref>
| year=2010
| accessdate =28 December 2012
| work = Tamil Nadu
| publisher = Tamil Nadu state government}}</ref> The current MLAs are R. Mohan Raj (Salem North) from [[Desiya Murpokku Dravidar Kazhagam]] party, M.K.Selavaraju (Salem West) from All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam party (ADMK) and G.Venkatachalam (Salem South) from the ADMK party<ref name="MLA1 of Salem"/><ref name="MLA2 of Salem"/><ref name="MLA3 of Salem"/>


===State Assembly===
Till 2008, the city was part of [[Salem&nbsp;– I (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem I]] and [[Salem&nbsp;– II (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem II]] assembly constituencies. From the 1977 elections, [[ADMK|All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) won the Salem I assembly seat five times (in 1977, 1980, 1984, 2001 and 2006 elections), two times by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (in 1989 and 1996 elections) and once by [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) (in 1991 elections).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp88.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|year=2011}}</ref> From the 1977 elections, [[ADMK|All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) won the Salem II assembly seat three times (in 1980, 1984 and 1991 elections), three times by [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (in 1989, 1996 and 2006 elections) and once each by [[Janata Party]] (JP) (in 1977 elections) and [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (PMK) (in 2001 elections).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp89.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|year=2011}}</ref>
In 2008, the constituencies of Salem were redrawn as [[Salem North (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem North]], [[Salem South (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem South]] and [[Salem West (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem West]].<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008|url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2012}}</ref> The city elects the three members to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|year=2010|access-date=28 December 2012|work=Tamil Nadu|publisher=Tamil Nadu state government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm|archive-date=14 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Present MLAs are [[R. Rajendran (DMK politician)|R. Rajendran]] (Salem North) from [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], [[Arul Ramadoss]] (Salem West) from [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] and [[E. Balasubramanian]] (Salem South) from [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref name="MLA1 of Salem"/><ref name="MLA2 of Salem"/><ref name="MLA3 of Salem"/>


===Parliament===
Salem is a part of the [[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)]]&nbsp;– it has the following six assembly constituencies&nbsp;– [[Omalur (State Assembly Constituency)|Omalur]], [[Salem North (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem North]], [[Salem South (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem South]], [[Salem West (State Assembly Constituency)|Salem West]], [[Veerapandi (State Assembly Constituency)|Veerapandi]] and [[Edappadi (State Assembly Constituency)|Edappadi]].<ref>{{cite web
The city is part of the [[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem]] [[Lok Sabha]] constituency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf|title=List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies|access-date=9 October 2008|publisher=Election Commission of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf|archive-date=4 May 2006}}</ref> The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is S. R. Parthiban from the DMK.<ref name="Rit"/>
| url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf|format=PDF
| title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
| accessdate = 9 October 2008
| work = Tamil Nadu
| publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref> From the 1952 elections, the Salem parliament seat was held by the Indian National Congress for eight times (during 1952, 1957, 1962, 1984, 1989, 1991 and 2004 elections), ADMK four times (during 1977, 1991, 2009 and 2014 elections), DMK three times (during 1967, 1971 and 1980 elections), and an once each by an independent (during 1998 elections) and [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] (during 1996 elections).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=49}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=67}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS_71.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=71}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=80}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=79}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=73}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=81}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1991/VOL_I_LS_91.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=86}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=85}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=85}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 December 2012|format=PDF|page=94}}</ref> The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is V. Paneerselvam from the ADMK party.<ref name="Rit"/>


===Law enforcement===
Law and order in the city in maintained by the Salem sub division of the [[Tamil Nadu Police]] headed by a Deputy Superintendent. There are four police stations in the town, with one of them being an all-female police station. There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem Police|url=http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29598|publisher=Tamil Nadu Police|

accessdate=29 December 2012|year=2011|ref=}}</ref>
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Salem central prison.jpg|right|thumb|Salem central prison|alt=Salem central prison]] -->
Law and order is maintained by the Salem city subdivision of the [[Tamil Nadu Police]], headed by a [[Police commissioner]]. Special units include prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a district-level special branch headed by a superintendent of police.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem Police|url=http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29598|publisher=Tamil Nadu Police|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011140954/http://tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29598|archive-date=11 October 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

Salem Central Prison which is located at [[Hastampatti]], serves as the central prison for Salem district. Constructed in 1862, it is one of the oldest prisons in India and has a capacity of 1431 inmates.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem Central Prison classified as casual prison|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salem-central-prison-classified-as-a-casual-prison/article68224526.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 May 2024|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref>


==Economy==
==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Salem, Tamil Nadu}}
Salem has established itself as one of the major textile centers in [[Tamil Nadu]] with more than 125 spinning mills, modern weaving units and garment units.The history of [[handloom]] and spinning mills dates back to pre-independence period in Salem. But till 1960s, Salem has less than 5 established spinning mills. Post 1960, private handloom weaving began to thrive in the region along with the large scale cooperative sector handloom weaving and marketing units. Small scale hand dying units were started around the region to support the industry. Around 1980s, the textile industry saw a massive growth and, many major spinning mills and waste spinning units were built to support the industry. Many handloom societies and dying houses were established during the same time period. New and increased number of power loom units mushroomed in Gugai, Ammapet, Attayampatti, Vennandur, Magudanchavadi, Rasipuram, Komarapalayam Pallipalayam, Jalakandapuram and Ellampillai.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/18/stories/2010121851300300.htm |title=Salem IIHT}}</ref>
[[File:A photo of Salem Steel Plant entrance.JPG|left|thumb|[[Salem Steel Plant]] entrance]]


Salem is a major textile centre in Tamil Nadu, with more than 125 spinning mills, weaving units and garment units. Until the 1960s, it had fewer spinning mills. Private handloom weaving began to increase in the region after the 1960s and during the 1980s, the textile industry expanded with major spinning mills and dyeing units established supporting the industry.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 December 2010|title=Salem IIHT|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/18/stories/2010121851300300.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=4 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104210204/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/18/stories/2010121851300300.htm|archive-date=4 January 2014}}</ref>
The Salem region also houses the [[Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu's]] largest number of [[Sago]] industries which are engaged in the production of sago foods and starch.In the district of Salem alone, [[tapioca]] is cultivated in 34000 hectares of land, the raw material for the sago industries and, there are 650 industrial units engaged in tapioca processing. In 1981, [[Salem Starch and Sago Manufacturers Service Industrial Co-operative Society Limited]](popularly called as SAGOSERVE) was established to promote the growth of sago industries. Nearly 80% of the national demand for sago and starch is met by the SAGOSERVE.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indcom.tn.gov.in/sagoserve.htm|title=Sagoserve}}</ref> In and around Salem, the yield of tapioca, is about 25–30 tons per hectare, one of the highest in the world. The national average of the tapioca yield is 19 tons per hectare, and the world average production stands at 10 tons per hectare.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sagoserve.com/profile1.htm |title=Sagoserve}}</ref>


The area also houses a number of [[sago]] factories for the production starch. In Salem district, {{convert|34000|ha|sqmi}} of land are devoted to [[cassava]] and 650 industrial units are engaged in tapioca processing. In 1981, the Salem Starch and Sago Manufacturers Service Industrial Co-operative Society (SAGOSERVE) was established to promote the sago industry and nearly 80 percent of the national demand for sago and starch is met by SAGOSERVE.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sagoserve|url=http://www.indcom.tn.gov.in/sagoserve.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701143717/http://www.indcom.tn.gov.in/sagoserve.htm|archive-date=1 July 2017|access-date=10 May 2016|work=indcom}}</ref> In and around Salem cassava yields are 25–30 tons per hectare, one of the highest in the world; the national average is 19 tons per hectare, and the world average is 10 tons.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sagoserve profile|url=http://www.sagoserve.com/profile1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000313/http://www.sagoserve.com/profile1.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=10 May 2016|work=Sagoserve}}</ref>
Salem Steel Plant, a steel unit of [[Steel Authority of India Limited]] is located in Salem involved in the production of cold rolled [[stainless steel]] and hot rolled stainless steel/carbon steel. Expansion and modernization of Salem Steel Plant is currently being undertaken. The plan envisages installation of steel melting and continuous casting facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=special_salem|title=Special_Salem}}</ref> Southern Iron & Steel Company Ltd ([[JSW Steel Ltd]]) have their first integrated steel plant located Salem for the production of TMT corrosion resistant bars/alloy steels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jsw.in/companies/company_siscol.shtml|title=JSW Companies :Salem Works }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tidco.com/sisel.html|title=JSW Steels Ltd :TIDCO }}</ref>


The Salem Steel Plant, a unit of the [[Steel Authority of India]], produces cold-rolled [[stainless steel]] and a hot-rolled stainless-carbon steel alloy. The plant is being expanded and modernized, with plans for steel-melting and continuous-casting facilities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salem Steel|url=http://www.sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=special_salem|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902132018/http://sail.co.in/pnu.php?tag=special_salem|archive-date=2 September 2013|access-date=10 May 2016|work=SAIL}}</ref> The Southern Iron and Steel Company (part of [[JSW Steel Ltd#Salem Works|JSW Steel]]) have their first integrated steel plant in Salem for the production of [[Thermomechanical processing|TMT]] corrosion-resistant bars and [[alloy steel]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=JSW Companies:Salem Works|url=http://www.jsw.in/companies/company_siscol.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412184341/http://www.jsw.in/companies/company_siscol.shtml|archive-date=12 April 2013|access-date=10 May 2016|work=JSW}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=JSW Steels Ltd :TIDCO|url=http://www.tidco.com/sisel.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516112012/http://www.tidco.com/sisel.html|archive-date=16 May 2016|access-date=10 May 2016|work=TIDCO}}</ref> The Salem region is rich in mineral ores, with some of the largest [[magnesite]] and [[bauxite]] deposits in India. Public and private magnesite factories include Burn Standard and Company, Dalmia Magnesites and Tata Refractories.<ref>{{cite web|title=Magnesite|url=http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm#Magnesite|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033759/http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm#Magnesite|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=10 May 2016|work=Dept.Geology and mining, TN}}</ref>
The region around Salem is rich in mineral ores. Salem has one of the largest [[magnesite]] and [[bauxite]] deposits in India. It has many magnesite factories operated by private and public sectors such as Burn Standard & Co, Dalmia Magnesites and Tata Refractories.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm#Magnesite
|title=Dept.Geology and mining, TN}}</ref> The Leigh Bazaar market in Salem is the biggest regional market for agro products. Narasus coffee (famous coffee in Tamil Nadu), Nandhi Dall Mills (oldest flour mill company), BSP refineries (Usha Refined Sunflower Oil) are other few companies having their presence in Salem.


Salem Mango<ref>{{Cite web|title=Salem Mango |url=https://www.salemmango.com/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222173453/https://www.salemmango.com/|archive-date=22 December 2018|access-date=2018-12-22|website=Salem Mango}}</ref> belt contributes the economy in large scale by exporting mangoes to foreign countries and supplying mangoes all over India. The Leigh Bazaar is the region's largest market for agricultural products. The Tamil Nadu government and the [[Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu]] are planning a {{convert|160|acre|ha|adj=on}} IT park in the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tamilnadu Elcot Website|work=Elcot|url=http://elcot.in/it-parks.php?page=2#4|url-status=live|access-date=26 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918053613/http://www.elcot.in/it-parks.php?page=2#4|archive-date=18 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Site for IT Park ideally situated|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/01/stories/2006090103810500.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=9 January 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235245/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/01/stories/2006090103810500.htm|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> The Steel Authority of India is planning a {{convert|250|acre|ha|adj=on}} steel [[special economic zone]] in its Salem plant,<ref>{{cite news|title=Site for IT Park ideally situated|work=processingregister.com|url=http://www.processregister.com/Salem_Steel_S_E_Z/Project/pid20353.htm|url-status=live|access-date=26 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202164304/http://www.processregister.com/Salem_Steel_S_E_Z/Project/pid20353.htm|archive-date=2 February 2009}}</ref> and an electrical and electronics [[Industrial park|industrial estate]] is in the Suramangalam area of the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electrical and electronics industries|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2001-2/pbrsi6-e-2001-2.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421030716/http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2001-2/pbrsi6-e-2001-2.htm|archive-date=21 April 2009|access-date=10 May 2016|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu}}</ref>
Being one of the fastest growing tier II cities, the Tamil Nadu government and ELCOT are planning to establish an IT park in Salem covering about {{convert|160|acre|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://elcot.in/it-parks.php?page=2#4 |title=Tamilnadu Elcot Website |publisher=Elcot|accessdate=26 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/01/stories/2006090103810500.htm
|title=Site for IT Park ideally situated |publisher=The Hindu |accessdate=9 January 2006|location=Chennai, India
}}</ref> SAIL is planning a Steel SEZ inside the Salem Steel plant covering about {{convert|250|acre|km2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.processregister.com/Salem_Steel_S_E_Z/Project/pid20353.htm|title=Site for IT Park ideally situated|accessdate=26 September 2008}}</ref> There is an exclusive Electrical and Electronics Industrial Estate in the Suramangalam area of Salem city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2001-2/pbrsi6-e-2001-2.htm |title=Electrical and electronics industries|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu
}}</ref> [[Coimbatore]]-[[Erode]]-Salem stretch was well known for Industries and Textile processings and it is announced as [[Coimbatore-Salem Industrial Corridor]] and further development works are carried by [[SIPCOT]] Linking Scheme.


==Demographics==
==Religious places==
[[File:Yercaud Church.jpg|thumb|Church at Yercaud]]
[[File:MultiSpeciality Hospital salem.jpg|thumb|Salem Government Multispeciality Hospital]]
{{Historical populations
Many well-known temples are located in vicinity of Salem. Kottai Mariamman Temple is located in town area is the historic [[Hindu]] temple dedicated to goddess [[Mariamman]]. A yearly festival during the Tamizh month of Aadi is celebrated for five days. The main Raja Gopuram of this temple is made up of seven tiers.
|state=collapsed
|align=right
|1871 |50012
|1881 |50667
|1891 |67710
|1901 |70621
|1911|59153
|1921|52244
|1931|102179
|1941|129702
|1951|203052
|1961|249145
|1971|
|1981|
|1991|366712
|2001|696760
|2011|829267
}}


{{bar box
Sugavaneshwarar temple is another important temple located in Salem City. This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. Mythology records that sage Sugha Brahmarishi worshiped the lord here. Arunagirinadhar has sung a song on Lord Muruga in Sugavaneshwarar temple. It was constructed during 13th Century by Mamannan Sundara Pandiyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=780 |title=Dinamalar Temple &#124; News &#124; Thuligal &#124; Information &#124; Temple news &#124; Story &#124; Purana Kathigal |publisher=Temple.dinamalar.com |date= |accessdate=10 April 2012}}</ref>
|title=Religions in Salem (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11392/download/14505/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|89.79}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|7.48}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|dodgerblue|2.36}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|pink|0.11}}
{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.26}}
}}


{{Pie chart
Kottai perumal temple, Skandhashram, Kothandaramar temple, Sithar Koil are other important temples located in Salem. OOthumali Murugan temple, Pandurangan Hill temple, Kumaragiri Hill Murugan temple, Kariperumal Karadu Hill temple are the other temples located in the small hill rocks in Salem. [[ISKON]] has built a new temple in Karuppur near Salem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iskconsalem.com/ |title=ISKCON Salem|publisher=iskconsalem.com |date= |accessdate=10 April 2012}}</ref>
|caption = Languages of Salem City (2011)<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu (Urban) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10259/download/13371/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-3300.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value1 = 73.84 |color1 = royalblue
|label2 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value2 = 10.77 |color2 = brown
|label3 = [[Kannada]] |value3 = 5.83 |color3 = darkslateblue
|label4 = [[Urdu]] |value4 = 5.00 |color4 = green
|label5 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value5 = 2.52 |color5 = skyblue
|label6 = [[Hindi]] |value6 = 0.88 |color6 = Orange
|label7 = [[Malayalam]] |value7 = 0.68 |color7 = cornflowerblue
|label8 = Others |value8 = 0.47 |color8 = gray
|thumb=right
}}


Salem had a population of 826,267 in the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]]. There were 987 females for every 1,000 males, significantly higher than the national average of 929. The main language spoken is Tamil. Kannada is spoken among Devayanga community.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113144743/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 79,067 were under age six: 40,570 males and 38,497 females. The city's literacy rate was 76.37 percent, higher than the national average of 72.99 percent.<ref name="dashboard"/> Salem had 215,747 households and a total of 332,147 workers: 1,599 farmers, 3,040 agricultural laborers, 32,597 in household industries, 278,892 other workers, 16,019 part-time workers, 165 part-time farmers, 544 part-time agricultural workers, 1,937 part-time workers in household industries and 13,373 other part-time workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals&nbsp;– Salem(05740)|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=684822|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144330/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=684822|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Salem had 89.79% [[Hindus]], 7.48% [[Muslims]], 2.36% [[Christians]], 0.11% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.02% [[Sikhs]], 0.01% [[Buddhists]], 0.2% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community – Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
Jama Masjid is the oldest mosque in Salem, situated on the southern bank of the Thirumanimutharu River in the heart of the city. It was reportedly built by the Mysore ruler, Tippu Sulthan, who is said to have offered prayers here. The Masjid Inam granted to this mosque was confirmed by the British in 1862 by a special resolution in 1880.


{{Clear}}
Lechler Memorial Church, the oldest church in Salem was built in 1856 by German missionary Lechler in Fort salem. Infant Jesus Church a famous church is situated near Four Roads and The Calvary Assembly of God Church is situated at Bangalore high way, Mamangam, [http://reformedbaptistchurch.in Reformed Baptist Church] is situated in the Foothills of Yercaud.


==Religious landmarks==
==Shopping and Recreation==


[[File:Sundaraja perumal temple entrance.jpg|thumb|Entrance of [[Sundararaja Perumal Temple, Salem]]]]
The traditional shopping areas of Salem City are located in the Town area. Many big retailers have their shops located in Bazaar Street,Car Street, First Agraharam and Chinna Kadai Street of the Town. Shevapet and Fort area are famous for hardware and furniture products. Leigh Bazaar in Shevapet is the main wholesale market dealing with commodities in Salem. In recent times many retailers have their showrooms opening in Swarnapuri area of the City. Major brands such as [[Adidas]], [[The Marker]], [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]], [[Puma SE|Puma]], [[Lee (jeans)|Lee]], [[Pepe Jeans]], [[Levi's]], Basics, John Players have their outlets located in the Saradha College Road. Recently, the Reliance Shopping Mall was opened near 5 Roads to become the biggest shopping complex of the city.


[[File:1008 SHIVA TEMPLE, KAILAYA SIVALAYAM, Kanchamalai, Salem - panoramio (32).jpg|thumb|1008 Lingam temple in the city]]
Many shopping malls located in Salem City are relatively small in size. A few of them are kandaswarna mega mall, Maruthi Plaza,Ramani Shopping Plaza, Pookoodai Shopping Complex,V V Shopping Plaza, Kandaswarna Shopping Mall, Chamundi Super Market & Reliance Greenfield Mall is the biggest mall and first of its kind in the city with total area of 400,000 sq ft.<fact>
Salem has several [[Hindu]] temples. The '''Kottai Perumal koil''' is present in centre of the city (also called as [[Sundararaja Perumal Temple, Salem]]). This temple is one of the [[Pancha Kshethram|Pancha Bhrigu Kshethram]] and the rest are [[Tirupati Temple|Tirupathi]], [[Sarangapani temple]], [[Nachiyar Koil]] and [[Oppiliappan temple]]. The Kottai Mariamman Temple, dedicated to the goddess [[Mariamman]], has an annual five-day festival during the [[Tamil calendar#Months|Tamizh month]] of Aadi (mid-July to mid-August).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/Devotional/Worship/2016/08/01092553/1029756/Salem-Kottai-Mariamman-Temple-aadi-festival.vpf|title=SalemKottaiMariamman Aadi Festival|publisher=Maalaimalar|date=1 August 2016|access-date=24 January 2018|language=ta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015206/http://www.maalaimalar.com/Devotional/Worship/2016/08/01092553/1029756/Salem-Kottai-Mariamman-Temple-aadi-festival.vpf|archive-date=25 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The temple's [[gopuram]] is made up of seven tiers. Sugavaneshwarar Temple is dedicated to [[Shiva]], and according to mythology the sage Sugha Brahmarishi is worshiped there. Arunagirinadhar sang a song about [[Kartikeya|Muruga]] in the temple, which was built during the 13th century by Mamannan Sundara Pandiyan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=780 |title=Dinamalar Temple &#124; News &#124; Thuligal &#124; Information &#124; Story &#124; Purana Kathigal |publisher=[[Dinamalar]] |access-date=10 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405030939/http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/New_en.php?id=780 |archive-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kottai Perumal Temple, Skandhashram,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vikatan.com/news/tamilnadu/114652-5-persons-drowned-in-salem.html|title=5 persons drowned in salem|publisher=Vikatan|date=27 January 2018|access-date=29 January 2018|language=ta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195559/https://www.vikatan.com/news/tamilnadu/114652-5-persons-drowned-in-salem.html|archive-date=29 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>


Jamia Masjid is Salem's oldest [[mosque]] and lies on the southern bank of the Thirumanimutharu River in the heart of the city. It was reportedly built by the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] ruler [[Tipu Sultan]], who is said to have prayed here. The ''Masjid Inam'' granted to the mosque in 1862 was confirmed by the British with a special resolution in 1880.<ref>{{cite news | last = Muthahar Saqaf | first = Syed | title = One of the tallest minarets in South India| location = Salem | work = The Hindu | date = 5 July 2018 | url = https://www.thehindu.com/society/faith/the-new-minaret-here-is-one-of-the-tallest/article24339163.ece | access-date = 6 July 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180903082154/https://www.thehindu.com/society/faith/the-new-minaret-here-is-one-of-the-tallest/article24339163.ece | archive-date = 3 September 2018 | url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mosque Details in Corporation|url=http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Temples.php|access-date=4 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113173225/http://www.salemcorporation.gov.in/Temples.php|archive-date=13 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mosque Details in Salem District Govt Site|url=https://salem.nic.in/tourist-place/temples/|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3814959.ece|title=panamarathupatti lake|publisher=thehindu.com.net |date= |accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref>
[[Christ Church, Salem|Christ Church]] is located on Fort Road and the church was consecrated in 1875.<ref name=Hindu-2014>{{cite news|last1=Saravanan|first1=S P|title=Christ Church celebrates 140 years of service in Salem|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/christ-church-celebrates-140-years-of-service-in-salem/article6667276.ece|access-date=14 August 2015|place=Salem|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 December 2014}}</ref> The other popular churches in and around the city include the Lechler Memorial Church, which is the oldest church in Salem, was built in 1856 by a German missionary in Fort Salem.<ref>{{cite web|title=Church and Temple Details in Salem Local Planning Authority Website|url=http://www.salem.tn.nic.in/slpa/heritage-vital.htm/|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211002934/http://salem.tn.nic.in/slpa/heritage-vital.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Shopping and recreation==
There are very few sources of entertainment in the city. Kurumbapatti Zoological Park and Anna Park are the two main parks run by Government. Anna Park is an entertainment centre focused on children. Panamarathupatti lake is another recreation spot located near the city. Paravasa Ulagam and Dream Land are the two Amusement parks located around the city which attracts fair amount of visitors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saleminfo.in// |title=Salem Tourism|publisher=saleminfo.in|date= |accessdate=3 January 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Mookeneri lake islands.jpg|thumb|upright=0.95|Islands of Mookaneri Lake]]
[[File:Ghat road-3-yercaud-salem-India.jpg|thumb|Ghat road to Yercaud]]
[[File:Kurumambapatti Zoological park entrance.jpg|thumb|Kurumbapatti Zoological Park entrance]]


Salem's traditional shopping areas are in the Town area, with major retailers in Bazaar Street, Car Street, First Agraharam and Chinna Kadai Street. Shevapet and the Fort area are noted for hardware and furniture, and Leigh Bazaar in Shevapet is the main wholesale market.
Hill station Yercaud is in Salem district and is 36&nbsp;km from the Salem city.

Reliance Shopping Mall, the city's largest shopping complex is situated near Five Roads. Other malls in the city are Nirmal Skywin mall and Kandaswarna Mega mall.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3814959.ece|title=Reliance mall getting ready|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=30 July 2015|date=24 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104213041/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3814959.ece|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Kurumbapatti Zoological Park]] and Anna Park are government-run parks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/the-only-two-amusement-spots/article7524338.ece|title=The only two amusement spots|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 January 2018|date=11 August 2015}}</ref> Paravasa Ulagam<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Newly-married-youth-drowns-in-amusement-park-pool/articleshow/20470114.cms|title=Newly married youth drowns in amusement park pool|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=31 January 2018|date=7 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601190511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Newly-married-youth-drowns-in-amusement-park-pool/articleshow/20470114.cms|archive-date=1 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and Dream Land are amusement parks in the city. [[Mookaneri Lake|Mookaneri (Kannankurichi)]] lake within the city limits is a popular tourist place and bird watching destination.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/mookaneri-lake-a-major-tourist-attraction/article8647514.ece|title=Mookeneri Lake|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 January 2018|date=26 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109182043/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/mookaneri-lake-a-major-tourist-attraction/article8647514.ece|archive-date=9 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/kumaragiri-lake-gets-a-facelift/article18663267.ece|title=Kumaragiri Lake|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 January 2018|date=26 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/rare-migratory-birds-spotted-in-kannankurichi-lake-in-salem/article5744860.ece|title=Mookeneri Birds|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=9 January 2018|date=19 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109182148/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/rare-migratory-birds-spotted-in-kannankurichi-lake-in-salem/article5744860.ece|archive-date=9 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Yercaud, a major hill station in Tamil Nadu is about {{convert|20|km}} from Salem City. The ghat road starts at the end of the Salem City limits. The ghat road is a picturesque spot and attracts a lot of early morning walkers and joggers. [[Yercaud]] is also a famous weekend getaway for the people of Salem and nearby districts and states.

==Cuisine==
Thattu vadai Set (or simply called as settu) is a savory snack and popular street food, which originated in Salem and is now available in other cities in Tamil Nadu like Chennai. It is a very famous street snack available at almost every small stall set up on the streets of Salem. The sandwich consists of two crunchy [[Thattai (Indian food)|thattai]] discs with fillings such as crispy beetroot, carrot and other vegetables smeared with green and red chutneys. Norukkal Mix, another popular snack is smashed [[murukku]] mixed with chutney, groundnut, coconut, sliced tomatoes and Chillipowder (Molagapodi). Egg Settu, Murukku Settu and Maanga Settu are the different varieties of Thattu vadai Set. Salem has a variety of vegetarian and non-vegetarian hotels which offer good food at a reasonable price.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-own-evening-snack/article7812120.ece|title=Salem's own evening Snack|last=Saravanan|first=S.P.|work=The Hindu|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611014604/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-own-evening-snack/article7812120.ece|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/chaat-with-a-southern-twist/article7522307.ece|title=Chaat with a local flavour|last=Sripathi|first=Apoorva|work=The Hindu|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430025249/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/chaat-with-a-southern-twist/article7522307.ece|archive-date=30 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dinakaran.com/Cooking_Detail.asp?Nid=397&Cat=502|title=This is Salem special Thattuvadai set|publisher=[[Dinakaran]]|date=19 February 2010|access-date=2 February 2018|language=ta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202190152/http://www.dinakaran.com/Cooking_Detail.asp?Nid=397&Cat=502|archive-date=2 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ever Tried 'Thattaivadai Settu'? This Iconic Salem Street Snack Is a Must-Have!|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/142412/thattaivadai-settu-salem-iconic-street-food/|access-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528215112/https://www.thebetterindia.com/142412/thattaivadai-settu-salem-iconic-street-food/|archive-date=28 May 2018|url-status=live|date=22 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=17 Chennai Street Foods That'll Make Other City People Feel Bad That They Don't Have These|url=http://www.chennaimemes.in/17-chennai-street-foods-thatll-force/|publisher=chennaimemes.in|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064132/http://www.chennaimemes.in/17-chennai-street-foods-thatll-force/|archive-date=3 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-own-evening-snack/article7812120.ece|title=Salem's famous 'thattu vadai' comes to Madurai|last=Basu|first=Soma|work=The Hindu|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611014604/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-own-evening-snack/article7812120.ece|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tredyfoods.com/products/vennai-thattuvadai|title=Type of Thattuvadai in Salem|last=Foods|first=Tredy|website=Tredy Foods|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref>


==Transport==
==Transport==
[[File:Salem NH47 trumpet exchange.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Trumpet Exchange]]
[[File:Salem Junction.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Salem Junction railway station|A newly renovated Salem Junction's Entrance]]]]

===Road===
===Road===
Salem has six [[arterial road]]s: [[Omlaur Main Road|Omalur Road]], Cherry Road, Saradha College Road, Junction Main Road, Trichy Road and Attur Road. Three [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]] originate from or pass through Salem: [[National Highway 7 (India)(old numbering)|NH 44]] ([[Srinagar]] via [[Madurai]] and [[Tirunelveli]] [[Kanyakumari]]), [[National Highway 47 (India)(old numbering)|NH 544]] (Salem&nbsp;– [[Kochi]] via [[Erode]] and [[Coimbatore]] and [[Tiruppur]] )and [[National Highway 68 (India)(old numbering)|NH 79]] (Salem&nbsp;– [[Ulundurpet]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiamapped.com/highways-in-india/|title=List of National Highway, National Highways of India, National Highways|publisher=Indiamapped.com|access-date=10 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025828/http://www.indiamapped.com/highways-in-india/|archive-date=14 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Main|salem NH-68}}


Salem is the headquarters of the Salem division of [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC]]. The city has two major bus stations: the MGR Integrated Bus Terminus in Meyyanoor and the [[Town Bus Terminus Salem|Town Bus Station (Old Bus Stand)]] in the town area. Intercity and interstate routes and private buses originate at the [[Central Bus Terminus Salem|Central Bus Stand (New Bus Stand)]], and local buses originate at the Old Bus Stand. The Anna Flyover is the oldest in the city, and the Trumpet Interchange was built in the realignment of NH 544 to ease traffic towards [[Coimbatore]]. A new double-decker flyover runs within main city centres like New bus stand, 5 roads, saratha college road, 4 roads to ease congestion on these roads. It is the longest double-decker flyover in Tamil Nadu covering a length of 7.87&nbsp;km.
In Salem City, there are six major arterial roads : Omalur Road, Cherry Road, Saradha College Road, Junction Main Road, Gugai Main Road and Attur Road. Three important [[Indian highways|National Highways]] pass through/originate from Salem. [[National Highway 7 (India)|NH 7]] ([[Varanasi]]&nbsp;– [[Kanyakumari]]), [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] (Salem&nbsp;– [[Kanyakumari]] via [[Coimbatore]], [[Kochi]], [[Kollam]]), [[National Highway 68 (India)|NH 68]] (Salem&nbsp;– [[Ulundurpet]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiamapped.com/highways-in-india/ |title=List of National Highway, National Highways of India, National Highways |publisher=Indiamapped.com |date= |accessdate=10 April 2012}}</ref> NH68 is the preferred route to travel from Salem to [[Chennai]]. All National Highways in four directions of the City consist of four lanes. Other important roads that originated from the city are the state highways : SH168 ([[Yercaud]] Road) and SH18 ([[Tirupattur]] Road). Salem is the headquarters of the [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC]] Division 1, Salem (SLM-DIV-I) and Division 2, Dharmapuri (SLM-DIV-II).Salem has the maximum number of buses plying to [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] and [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]] in Tamil Nadu only after Chennai. There are two major bus stations in Salem : MGR Integrated Bus Terminus (Central Bus Stand) located in the Meyyanoor area and Town Bus Station (Old Bus Stand) which is located in the Town Area in the heart of Salem. All mofussil, intercity and interstate routes originate from Central Bus Stand, while town buses originate from town bus stand. Anna Flyover situated near GH is oldest flyover in the City. Trumpet Interchange was constructed in the new alignment of NH 47 to ease the traffic movement towards [[Coimbatore]] and [[Cochin]].


The Town Bus terminus is being upgraded into a double decker bus terminus, the first of this kind in the state under the smart City scheme
===Rail===
.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/two-tier-bus-terminal-to-come-up-in-salem/article26925087.ece|title= Two tier bus terminal to come up in Salem|website= [[The Hindu]]|access-date=2020-07-19}}</ref> The terminal building of the New Bus terminus is also reconstructed under the smart City scheme.
{{Main|Salem Junction}}
[[File:slm junction.jpg|right|thumb|Salem Junction]]
[[Salem Junction]] is located in Suramangalam, 5&nbsp;km to the west of Salem Town. The [[Salem Junction]] is well connected to major Indian cities like [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Bangalore]], New Delhi, [[Mumbai]], [[Howrah]], [[Trivandrum]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Jaipur]], [[Kollam]], [[Rajkot]], [[Indore]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Jammu]], [[Kanpur]] and [[Patna]] . Salem Town is the another important station located in town area in Virduchalam line. For better administrative control and improved development and operational reasons, the Railway Board approved the creation of a [[Salem railway division|new Railway Division with Salem as headquarters]] in 2005 to improve railway infrastructure, facilities (lacking since several decades) and introduce better train services, thus satisfying the long felt needs of railway passengers in and around surrounding areas and thereby providing better conveniences to rail travelers.It is now the fourth largest of all the six divisions of the Southern Railway and was carved out of the Palakkad and Tiruchirapalli divisions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Railway_zone/ |title=Southern Railway |publisher=wikipedia.ord|date= |accessdate=10 April 2012}}</ref>


A new [[bus port]] has also been proposed for the city at Jagirammapalayam near IT park with an area of about 61 acres. This includes a bypass road to connect the [[Ayothiapattinam]] area of the city with the bus port.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/amp/new-bus-port-to-come-up-near-salem-cm/1550559|title=New bus port to come up at salem|access-date=2020-07-19}}</ref>
Danishpet Railway Station

Danishpet is one of the oldest villages in Kadayampatti Panchayat, in Omalur Taluk and Salem district of Tamil Nadu in India. The name “Danishpet” is living witness for the Indio Danish relationship. The Danishpet Railway Station made the village much more popularity in India. The Danish Missionary Rev. Morten Bonneland Andersen (1861–1931) with his wife Ellen Barbara D’Abreu (1863–1932) (who was one of the first three lady doctors in India) settled there in about 1890, in small thatched huts. His service for these remote villages impressed the British government in India; it was the reason, Kadayampatti Railway station was renamed “Danishpet” Railway station in order to honor the first Danish Missionary in this small village. From 19th century onwards, the regular visits and the permanent stay of the Danish missionaries and their large acquirements of land in these areas, was yet another reason to be named Danishpet.
Other bus stands include the [[Omalur]] bus station and [[Attayampatti]] bus station in the outskirts of the city.

===Rail===
[[Salem Junction railway station|Salem Junction]] is an A-1 category ISO-14001 certified<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/5-rly-stations-in-salem-division-bag-iso-14001-certification/articleshow/70984599.cms|title=Salem junction gets ISO 14001 certification|last=ISO|first=Salem|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref> railway junction located in Suramangalam area, {{convert|5|km}} west of the city. In 2005, the [[Railway Board]] approved the creation of a [[Salem railway division]] from [[Palakkad railway division|Palakkad]] and [[Tiruchirappalli railway division|Tiruchirapalli divisions]]. It is the fourth-largest of the six [[Southern Railway zone]] divisions. Salem Railway Junction has been rated as the cleanest station among the divisional headquarters railway stations and also the ninth cleanest railway station in the entire country, according to a survey report published in June 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Salem-among-top-10-cleanest-railway-stations/article14511979.ece|title=Salem among top 10 cleanest railway stations|last=Cleanest|first=Salem|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2017-06-21}}</ref> Other major railway stations catering to the city include [[Salem Town railway station|Salem Town]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2018/03/09021006/1064469/Proposal-to-make-Salem-Town-an-allwomen-railway-station.vpf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225111819/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2018/03/09021006/1064469/Proposal-to-make-Salem-Town-an-allwomen-railway-station.vpf|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 February 2020|title=Proposal to make Salem Town an all-women railway station|last=Cleanest|first=Salem|work=DTnext|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref> Salem Market, [[Omalur Junction railway station|Omalur Junction]], [[Karuppur, Salem|Karuppur]] railway station and [[Ayothiapattinam]] railway station.


===Air===
===Air===
[[File:AIRPORT SALEM INDIA.jpg|thumb|Salem Airport]]
[[Salem Airport (India)]] ([[IATA]]: [[SXV]], [[ICAO]]: [[VOSM]]) is located on Salem-Bangalore Highway (NH-7) in a place called Kaamalapuram near [[Omalur]], which is about 20&nbsp;km from the city. Though the Airports Authority of India (AAI) had spruced up the airport and made it ready for operation in 1993, airlines did not show interest to fly fearing low patronage. [[Kingfisher Airlines]] did provide a service from [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]], but terminated the service in 2012 owing to its [[Kingfisher Airlines financial crisis|financial problems]]. In recent times however, [[SpiceJet]] has shown some interest in starting flights to Salem.
[[Salem Airport (India)|Salem Airport]] ([[International Air Transport Association|IATA]] ''SXV'', [[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]] ''VOSM'') is located on the Salem-Bengaluru Highway (NH44) in Kaamalapuram about {{convert|15|km}} from the city. [[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI) opened the airport in 1993 for commercial operations. [[Kingfisher Airlines]] flew from [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]] but ended its service in October 2011 due to low occupancy. [[Trujet]] started services to Chennai in March 2018 as a part of the Udaan scheme by [[Government of India]] as well as [[Air Odisha]] gives connectivity to [[Bengaluru]] and [[Pondicherry]] from June 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://airodisha.com/eng/flight-schedule|title=Air Odisha – Flight Schedule|date=2 May 2018|access-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503042534/https://airodisha.com/eng/flight-schedule|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/More-flying-schools-land-in-Salem-airport-as-commercial-flights-shut/articleshow/11274658.cms?referral=PM|title=More flying schools land in Salem airport as commercial flights shut|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612010920/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/More-flying-schools-land-in-Salem-airport-as-commercial-flights-shut/articleshow/11274658.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=12 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/efforts-underway-to-revive-salem-airport/article7804366.ece|title=Efforts underway to revive Salem Airport|last=Ananth|first=M.K.|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/mar/26/chennai-flight-puts-salem-on-aviation-map-1792567.html|title=Chennai flight puts Salem on aviation map|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=29 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329184201/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/mar/26/chennai-flight-puts-salem-on-aviation-map-1792567.html|archive-date=29 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>


Flight services resumed from October 2023. Now, Salem is directly connected to Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, and Cochin.{{Airport-dest-list|[[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]]|[[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]], [[Cochin International Airport|Kochi]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Sivapriyan|first=E.T.B.|title=Salem Airport resumes operation with inaugural flight from Bengaluru|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/tamil-nadu/salem-airport-resumes-operation-with-inaugural-flight-from-bengaluru-2729001|work=Deccan Herald|date=16 October 2023|access-date=16 October 2023}}</ref>
The nearest major airports are Tiruchirapalli [[Tiruchirapalli Airport|TRZ]] (152&nbsp;km), Coimbatore [[Coimbatore Airport|CJB]] (159&nbsp;km), Bengaluru [[Bengaluru International Airport|BLR]] (235&nbsp;km) and Chennai [[Chennai International Airport|MAA]] (324&nbsp;km).
<!--!-->|[[IndiGo]]|[[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]], [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]], [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Sengupta|first=Joy|title=IndiGo commences operations from Salem|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indigo-commences-operations-from-salem/articleshow/104827375.cms|work=The Times of India|date=30 October 2023|access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref>}}The other nearest major airports are [[Tiruchirappalli International Airport|Tiruchirappalli]] (152&nbsp;km) and [[Coimbatore International Airport|Coimbatore]] (148&nbsp;km).

==Sports==
[[Mahatma Gandhi Stadium|Gandhi Stadium]], built originally for cricket, also hosts athletic meets, football, Volleyball and basketball.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mahatma Gandhi Stadium in Salem to be renovated|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/mahatma-gandhi-stadium-in-salem-to-be-renovated/article4682469.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> Salem District Cricket Association (SDCA) has 47 teams in league cricket. The city has 2 international standard turf grounds. The Green Valley Sports club Cricket ground is on the outskirts of Salem city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/salem-in-search-of-ground-reality/articleshow/60323769.cms|title=Salem in search of "ground reality'|last=Prasad|first=Bagawati|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/salem/salem-to-soon-have-a-cricket-stadium-of-intel-stature/articleshow/59613797.cms|title=Salem to soon have a cricket stadium of international stature'|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> The state [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|chief minister]] [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]] inaugurated the [[Salem Cricket Foundation Stadium]] with international standards on 10 February 2020 in the presence of former cricketer [[Rahul Dravid]] and former [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] and [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] president [[N. Srinivasan]] built at a cost of {{INRConvert|3|c}} in Karivepilapatti near [[Vazhapadi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Salem gets new cricket ground|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/salem-gets-new-cricket-ground-at-a-cost-of-rs-3cr/articleshow/74051732.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dravid believes next generation of cricketers emerge from smaller cities and towns|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/rahul-dravid-inauguration-cricket-ground-in-salem-edappadi-palaniswami-n-srinivasan/article30776233.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> This newly inaugurated ground is the home ground for [[Salem Spartans]], a [[Tamil Nadu Premier League|TNPL]] team and also the second home ground for the [[Indian Premier League]] team of [[Chennai Super Kings]].<ref>{{cite news|title=TNPL Season-5 draft today|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/tnpl-season-5-draft-today/article30865361.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Coimbatore, Salem on TNPL map this season|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/feb/19/coimbatore-salem-on-tnpl-map-this-season-2105419.html|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=19 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref>

[[T. Natarajan]], who hails from Salem, made his international debut for the India cricket team in December 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/802575.html |title=T. Natarajan |access-date=8 December 2020|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] for [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] and is nicknamed as "Yorker King" for his accurate Yorkers at death overs in T20 games.<ref>{{Cite web|title=From Salem and TNPL, IPL exploits to India cap – The inspirational journey of T Natarajan |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/photo-gallery-from-salem-and-tnpl-ipl-exploits-to-india-cap-the-inspirational-journey-of-t-natarajan-2859598|access-date=8 December 2020|website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> In the 2020 IPL season, delivered a whopping 96 yorkers in 16 IPL matches this year. He played a major role for India to win the Dettol T20 Series 2020 in Australia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Natarajan's rise – a triumph of the spirit|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/natarajans-rise-a-triumph-of-the-spirit/article33234308.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref>

[[Mariyappan Thangavelu]] from Salem is an Indian Paralympic high jumper. He represented India in the 2016 Summer Paralympic games held in Rio de Janeiro in the men's high jump T-42 category, winning the gold medal in the finals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportscafe.in/articles/sports/2016/sep/10/paralympics-2016-mariyappan-thangavelu-wins-indias-first-gold-in-rio|title=Paralympics 2016 {{!}} Mariyappan Thangavelu wins India's first gold in Rio|date=2016-09-10|access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref>

===City-based teams===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Club !! Sport !! League !! Home Stadium !! Founded
|-
|[[Salem Spartans]]
|[[Cricket]]
|[[Tamil Nadu Premier League]]
|[[Salem Cricket Foundation Stadium]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai may not host TNPL matches this year|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/chennai-may-not-host-tnpl-matches-this-year/article30830849.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref>
| 2016
|-
|}


==Education==
==Education==
[[File:Vinayaka Mission University,Salem.JPG|thumb|left|Vinayaka Missions University]]
[[File:ST. LOUIS MONTFORT SCHOOL CHURCH, Yercaud, Salem - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Montfort School Church, Yercaud, Salem]]
[[File:Periyar university, Salem.jpg|thumb|Salem Periyar University]]
[[File:Women at an all women's school in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.jpg|thumb|Women at an all women's school in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India]]
{{See also|List of educational institutions in Salem, India}}
{{See also|List of educational institutions in Salem, India}}
Salem has several educational institutions with Arts and Science colleges affiliated to [[Periyar University]] founded in 1997.
Salem has several reputed educational institutions. Periyar University, set up in 1997, is in charge of the Arts and Science colleges of the district. [http://www.gcesalem.edu.in/ Government College of Engineering] is one of the oldest Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu and was started in the year 1966. Both the Government College of Engineering and [[Periyar University]] are located adjacent to each other on NH7 approximately 10&nbsp;km away from the city centre. Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College or MKMC is the Government Medical college located on Salem steel plant road. Sona College of Technology, a famous private engineering college is located at Junction main road. Mahendra College of Engineering also situated in Salem [[Karipatti]] which gives quality education in Engineering. Mahendra College of Engineering is a unit of Mahendra Educational Trust established in 2005 to meet the higher education needs of the students who seek to stand as engineers and scientists. It is located in Minnampalli, on the Salem-Chennai highway, the campus is bounded on the east by Attur, on the west by Salem, on the south by Namakkal and on the north by Dharmapuri. The college is recognized by AICTE and affiliated to Anna university.
*The Government College of Engineering was founded in 1966.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcesalem.edu.in/node/231|title=Genesis of GCE|website=Government College of Engineering, Salem|access-date=30 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021044/http://www.gcesalem.edu.in/node/231|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The [[Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College|Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College]] was established in 1986.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/mbbs-distribution-of-forms-begins-in-salem/article24140490.ece|title=MBBS: distribution of forms begins in Salem|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=18 June 2018|date=12 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://collegedunia.com/college/10493-govt-mohan-kumaramangalam-medical-college-gmkmc-salem|title=GMKMC, SALEM|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102532/https://collegedunia.com/college/10493-govt-mohan-kumaramangalam-medical-college-gmkmc-salem|archive-date=18 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The [[Indian Institute of Handloom Technology|Institute of Handloom Technology (IIHT), Salem]] was established in 1960 by [[Ministry of Textiles]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/textiles-mininistry-decides-to-continue-diploma-courses-at-iiht/|title=Textiles Mininistry decides to continue diploma courses at IIHT|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=29 August 2018|date=26 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829160939/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/textiles-mininistry-decides-to-continue-diploma-courses-at-iiht/|archive-date=29 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/anna-university-ranking-2017-top-10-affiliated-colleges-tnea-ac-in-annauniv-edu-based-on-november-december-semester-results-4712928/|title=Anna University ranking: Top 10 affiliated colleges based on last year's results|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=29 August 2018|date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829114752/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/anna-university-ranking-2017-top-10-affiliated-colleges-tnea-ac-in-annauniv-edu-based-on-november-december-semester-results-4712928/|archive-date=29 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The Government Law College was opened in August 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/govt-law-college-inaugurated-in-theni/articleshow/70900705.cms|title=Govt law college Inaugurated in Theni|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 September 2019|date=29 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/permanent-building-for-law-college-to-come-up-on-salem-coimbatore-nh/article29163833.ece|title=Permanent building for law college to come up on salem|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=7 September 2019|date=19 August 2019}}</ref>
*[[Sona College of Technology]] founded 1997
*Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College founded 1987<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vmkvec.ac.in/aboutus.asp|title=Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College about us}}</ref>
*Thiagarajar Polytechnic College founded 1958<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tpt.edu.in/about-us/tpt-momentous.php|title=Thiagarajar Polytechnic College, History}}</ref>

==Sister cities==
Salem has one [[sister city]]:
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Salem, Oregon]], USA
As of 2014, there was talk of reviving the now-stagnant Sister City project launched in 1964 with Salem in Oregon, USA.<ref>{{cite news|author=Syed Muthahar Saqaf |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/sister-city-project-revived-in-salem/article6657099.ece |title=Sister City Project revived in Salem |newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 December 2014 |access-date=1 June 2015}}</ref>

==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->

===Arts, entertainment and television===
* [[Sasi (director)|Sasi]], film director
* [[S. D. Sundharam]], Indian [[Tamils|Tamil]] playwright, dialogue writer and lyricist.
* [[Arivazhagan Venkatachalam]], [[Tamils|Tamil]] film director
* [[Arthur A. Wilson]], [[cinematographer]]
* [[Taj Noor]], [[music director]]
* [[Satish]], actor

===Mathematics, science and technology===
* [[A. R. Rao]], [[Indian mathematician]].
* [[Tiruvadi Sambasiva Venkataraman]], an [[Indian people|Indian]] botanist, agronomist and plant geneticist.

===Media===
* [[P. Varadarajulu Naidu]], the founder of [[The Indian Express]].

===Politics===
* [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], Former [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] (Feb 2017 to May 2021).
* [[Veerapandy S. Arumugam]], served as the Minister for Rural Development and Local Administration and the Minister for [[Agriculture]].
* [[P. Dhanapal]], Ex- [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] for the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]].
* [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]], served as the Minister of State for Law, Justice and Company Affairs in the [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] government from July 1991 to December 1993 and as the Union Minister for Power in the [[Vajpayee Government]] from 1998 to 2000.
* [[K. Rajaram]], served as the [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from 1980 to 1985.
* [[T. V. Rajeswar]], [[Governor]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] (1983–1985), [[Sikkim]] (1985–1989), [[West Bengal]] (1989–1990), [[Uttar Pradesh]] (2004–2009).
* [[Vazhappady K. Ramamurthy]], served as minister of state for Labour with independent charge in the Congress government led by [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] for a brief period in 1991.
* [[T. M. Selvaganapathy]], Minister of Local Administration in [[J. Jayalalithaa]] Government between 1991 and 1996.
* [[P. Subbarayan]], was the [[Chief Minister of Madras Presidency]], India's ambassador to Indonesia and Union Minister of Transport and Communications in [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s government.

===Sports===
* [[Thangarasu Natarajan]], an Indian [[cricketer]].
* [[M. R. Srinivasaprasad]], [[cricketer]], represented Young India in [[Zimbabwe]] (1983/84).
* [[Mariyappan Thangavelu]], an Indian Paralympic high jumper, India's first Paralympian gold medalist since 2004.
* [[P. V. Nandhidhaa]], Indian Chess player, India's 17th [[Woman Grandmaster]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2017/08/01015652/1040337/TN-Chief-Minister-honours-Chess-champion-Nandhidhaa.vpf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128232743/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2017/08/01015652/1040337/TN-Chief-Minister-honours-Chess-champion-Nandhidhaa.vpf|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 November 2020|title= TN Chief Minister honours Chess champion Nandhidhaa|date=2017-08-01| website=dtnext.in |access-date=2020-11-20}}</ref> Refer [[List of Indian chess players]].

===Others===
* [[Arthanareesa Varma]] (1874–1964), freedom fighter, poet, author and journalist

==See also==
* [[Salem metropolitan area (India)|Salem metropolitan area]]
* [[Economy of Salem, Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Sundararaja Perumal Temple, Salem]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist
| colwidth = 20em
| refs =
}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Salem, Tamil Nadu}}
{{Commons category|Salem, Tamil Nadu}}
{{EB1911 poster|Salem (India)|Salem, Tamil Nadu}}
<!--NO COMMERCIAL LINKS&nbsp;— ALL COMMERCIAL LINKS WILL BE IMMEDIATELY DELETED--->
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Salem (India)|Salem, Tamil Nadu}}
* [http://www.emergeskills.com/Hotel-Management/Hotel-Management-Courses.html Hotel Management Institute in Salem, Tamil Nadu]
<!--NO COMMERCIAL LINKS – ALL COMMERCIAL LINKS WILL BE IMMEDIATELY DELETED--->
* [http://www.salem.tn.nic.in/ NIC website for Salem, Tamil Nadu]
* [http://www.salem.tn.nic.in/ NIC website for Salem, Tamil Nadu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126103856/http://www.salem.tn.nic.in/ |date=26 January 2021 }}
* [http://www.tn.gov.in/police/PROFILE/SALEM%20DISTRICT.htm Police and prisons]
* [http://www.tn.gov.in/police/PROFILE/SALEM%20DISTRICT.htm Police and prisons]
* {{Cite NSRW|wstitle=Salem|short=x}}
* [http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm Department of Geology & Mining, Govt. of Tamilnadu]


{{Salem District}}
{{Salem District}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Municipal corporations of Tamil Nadu}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Salem, Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Salem, Tamil Nadu| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Salem district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Salem district]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]

Latest revision as of 01:50, 28 December 2024

For other places with the same name, see Salem (disambiguation).

Salem
Metropolis
Coat of arms of Salem
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Steel City[1]
Salem is located in Tamil Nadu
Salem
Salem
Location in Tamil Nadu
Coordinates: 11°39′N 78°09′E / 11.65°N 78.15°E / 11.65; 78.15
Country India
State Tamil Nadu
DistrictSalem
Government
 • TypeMayor–Council
 • BodySalem City Municipal Corporation
 • MayorA. Ramachandran DMK
Area
 • Metropolis
91.34 km2 (35.27 sq mi)
 • Metro
[3]
799.59 km2 (308.72 sq mi)
 • Rank5
Elevation
278 m (912 ft)
Population
 (2011)[4]
 • Metropolis
Increase 1,189,000[2]
 • Rank55th
 • Metro
[5]
Increase 2,463,367
 • Metro rank
37th
Demonym(s)Salemians, Salethar
Languages
 • OfficialTamil
 • SpokenTamil
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
636xxx
Telephone code+91-427
ISO 3166 codeIN-TN
Vehicle registrationTN-27, TN-30, TN-54, TN-90, TN-52
HDIIncrease 0.669 Rank - 17 medium[6]
Sex ratio987 ♀/ 1000 ♂
LiteracyIncrease 84.42%[7]
GDP(2020)US$10.354 (equivalent to $12.19 in 2023)Billion[8]
Websitewww.salemcorporation.gov.in

Salem, natively spelt as Selam[note 1] (pronounced [seːlam] ⓘ), is a major city in Salem district, located on the banks of the Thirumanimutharu river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu surrounded by mountains. Salem is the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the state, exceeded by Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, and Third largest metropolitan region in the state only after to Chennai and Coimbatore metropolitan regions. The city is 124 km2 (48 sq mi) large.[9]

History

[edit]

Early period

[edit]

Around the beginning of the common era, the existence of a culturally and economically advanced society in Salem two thousand years ago is evident from the discovery of silver coins of the Roman Emperor Tiberices Claudices Nero (37–68 CE) in Koneripatti of Salem in 1987. Later, the Pandya dynasty started ruling the region around Salem. Afterwards, the Pallava dynasty arose in Salem, followed by Mahendra Varma Pallava coming to Salem and the rise of Saivite principles. Mahendra Varma Pallava was succeeded by Narasimha Varma Pallava. Soon, the Pandya dynasty ruled over Salem. The Hoysala rule established in Salem and parts around Salem was retained under the Pandya dynasty.

Medieval period

[edit]

The city has also been a part of the Chola Dynasty. A mosque in the city is believed to have been built by Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore Kingdom in the present-day state of Karnataka. The town and the surrounding hilly regions were part of the Chola dynasty and were part of the trade route with the Roman empire.[10] It was later governed by Poligars, who built temples and forts in and around the city.[11] It was part of the Vijayanagara empire before being captured by Hyder Ali during the early 18th century, after the Mysore-Madurai war. It was ceded to the British in 1768 and the area became part of the struggle between Kongu Nadu, led by Dheeran Chinnamalai, and the British.[12]

Modern period

[edit]

Salem became part of Salem district since independence in 1947. Salem district was the first district to be formed in India on 4 April 1792 that spread over 7,530 km2 comprising the present-day Namakkal, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri. Alexander Reed was the collector of the Salem district from 1792 to 1799.[13]

Until 2008, the city was part of the Salem I and Salem II assembly constituencies. Salem is also a home to one of the earliest film studios in the country, Modern Theatres.[14][15]

Geography and climate

[edit]
Main article: Geography of Salem
Mookaneri Lake in the city

Salem is located at 11°40′N 78°08′E / 11.67°N 78.14°E / 11.67; 78.14,[16] at an average elevation of 278 m (912 ft.). The city is surrounded by hills: Nagaramalai on the north, Jarugumalai on the south, Kanjamalai on the west, Godumalai on the east and the Shevaroy Hills on the northeast. Kariyaperumal Hill is in southwestern Salem.[17] The Thirumanimutharu River flows through the city, dividing it in two.[18] The fort area is the oldest part of Salem.[19]

Location

[edit]
Salem City, view from Yercaud hills
Salem City, view from Oothumalai hills

Salem lies in the foothills of Shevaroy hills which houses the famous hill Station 'Yercaud'. It is located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) northwest of Tiruchirappalli, 170 kilometres (106 mi) northeast of Coimbatore, 206 kilometres (128 mi) southeast of Bangalore and about 346 kilometres (210 mi) southwest of the state capital, Chennai.

Water bodies

[edit]

Mettur Dam is the main water resource for Salem District.

Climate

[edit]

Salem has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). January and February are generally pleasant; the hot summer begins in March, with the year's highest temperatures during April. Pre-monsoon thunderstorms occur during April and May. The Southwest monsoon season lasts from June to September. The northeast monsoon occurs from October to December.[20][21]

Climate data for Salem, Tamil Nadu (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.2
(99.0) 		39.8
(103.6) 		41.7
(107.1) 		42.8
(109.0) 		42.8
(109.0) 		42.8
(109.0) 		40.6
(105.1) 		39.9
(103.8) 		38.9
(102.0) 		37.9
(100.2) 		36.4
(97.5) 		35.6
(96.1) 		42.8
(109.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 32.1
(89.8) 		34.5
(94.1) 		37.0
(98.6) 		37.8
(100.0) 		37.1
(98.8) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.1
(93.4) 		33.3
(91.9) 		33.3
(91.9) 		32.2
(90.0) 		30.9
(87.6) 		30.5
(86.9) 		34.0
(93.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19.3
(66.7) 		20.3
(68.5) 		22.6
(72.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.2
(77.4) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.6
(72.7) 		21.4
(70.5) 		19.8
(67.6) 		22.6
(72.7)
Record low °C (°F) 12.8
(55.0) 		11.1
(52.0) 		14.4
(57.9) 		16.5
(61.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		18.9
(66.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		18.5
(65.3) 		15.5
(59.9) 		12.8
(55.0) 		12.8
(55.0) 		11.1
(52.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 2.8
(0.11) 		2.8
(0.11) 		9.6
(0.38) 		58.1
(2.29) 		106.6
(4.20) 		74.4
(2.93) 		88.8
(3.50) 		151.2
(5.95) 		156.3
(6.15) 		197.5
(7.78) 		112.5
(4.43) 		31.6
(1.24) 		992.5
(39.07)
Average rainy days 0.2 0.2 0.4 3.4 5.7 4.7 5.5 8.2 8.2 10.0 6.4 2.6 55.6
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 45 38 33 41 49 54 56 58 60 67 66 57 52
Source: India Meteorological Department[22][23][24]

Administration and politics

[edit]
Municipal corporation officials
Mayor A. Ramachandran Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Commissioner T.Christuraj Indian Administrative Service[25]
Deputy Mayor Saradha devi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam[26]
Member of Legislative Assembly
Salem North R. Rajendhran[27] DMK
Salem West Arul Ramadoss[28] PMK
Salem South Balasubramanian[29] AIADMK
Member of Parliament
Salem (Lok Sabha constituency) T.M.Selvaganapathi[30] DMK

Municipal corporation

[edit]
Salem Collectorate
Cannon at Salem Corporation headquarters

Salem is the headquarters of Salem district. The town was constituted as a municipality in 1867, and was upgraded to a special-grade municipality in 1979 and to a municipal corporation on 1 April 1994. The Salem municipal corporation has 72 wards,[31] each with an elected councillor.[32] The functions of the municipal corporation are divided into six departments: general administration and personnel, engineering, revenue, public health, city planning and information technology (IT). All six departments are governed by a municipal commissioner.[33] Legislative power is vested in the 60-member council,[34] headed by an elected chairperson and assisted by a deputy chairperson.[35]

State Assembly

[edit]

In 2008, the constituencies of Salem were redrawn as Salem North, Salem South and Salem West.[36] The city elects the three members to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years.[37] Present MLAs are R. Rajendran (Salem North) from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Arul Ramadoss (Salem West) from Pattali Makkal Katchi and E. Balasubramanian (Salem South) from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.[27][28][29]

Parliament

[edit]

The city is part of the Salem Lok Sabha constituency.[38] The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is S. R. Parthiban from the DMK.[30]

Law enforcement

[edit]

Law and order is maintained by the Salem city subdivision of the Tamil Nadu Police, headed by a Police commissioner. Special units include prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and a district-level special branch headed by a superintendent of police.[39]

Salem Central Prison which is located at Hastampatti, serves as the central prison for Salem district. Constructed in 1862, it is one of the oldest prisons in India and has a capacity of 1431 inmates.[40]

Economy

[edit]
Main article: Economy of Salem, Tamil Nadu
Salem Steel Plant entrance

Salem is a major textile centre in Tamil Nadu, with more than 125 spinning mills, weaving units and garment units. Until the 1960s, it had fewer spinning mills. Private handloom weaving began to increase in the region after the 1960s and during the 1980s, the textile industry expanded with major spinning mills and dyeing units established supporting the industry.[41]

The area also houses a number of sago factories for the production starch. In Salem district, 34,000 hectares (130 sq mi) of land are devoted to cassava and 650 industrial units are engaged in tapioca processing. In 1981, the Salem Starch and Sago Manufacturers Service Industrial Co-operative Society (SAGOSERVE) was established to promote the sago industry and nearly 80 percent of the national demand for sago and starch is met by SAGOSERVE.[42] In and around Salem cassava yields are 25–30 tons per hectare, one of the highest in the world; the national average is 19 tons per hectare, and the world average is 10 tons.[43]

The Salem Steel Plant, a unit of the Steel Authority of India, produces cold-rolled stainless steel and a hot-rolled stainless-carbon steel alloy. The plant is being expanded and modernized, with plans for steel-melting and continuous-casting facilities.[44] The Southern Iron and Steel Company (part of JSW Steel) have their first integrated steel plant in Salem for the production of TMT corrosion-resistant bars and alloy steels.[45][46] The Salem region is rich in mineral ores, with some of the largest magnesite and bauxite deposits in India. Public and private magnesite factories include Burn Standard and Company, Dalmia Magnesites and Tata Refractories.[47]

Salem Mango[48] belt contributes the economy in large scale by exporting mangoes to foreign countries and supplying mangoes all over India. The Leigh Bazaar is the region's largest market for agricultural products. The Tamil Nadu government and the Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu are planning a 160-acre (65 ha) IT park in the city.[49][50] The Steel Authority of India is planning a 250-acre (100 ha) steel special economic zone in its Salem plant,[51] and an electrical and electronics industrial estate is in the Suramangalam area of the city.[52]

Demographics

[edit]
Salem Government Multispeciality Hospital
Religions in Salem (2011)[53]
Religion Percent
Hindu
 
 89.79%
Muslim
 
 7.48%
Christian
 
 2.36%
Jain
 
 0.11%
Other
 
 0.26%

Languages of Salem City (2011)[54]

  Tamil (73.84%)
  Telugu (10.77%)
  Kannada (5.83%)
  Urdu (5.00%)
  Gujarati (2.52%)
  Hindi (0.88%)
  Malayalam (0.68%)
  Others (0.47%)

Salem had a population of 826,267 in the 2011 census. There were 987 females for every 1,000 males, significantly higher than the national average of 929. The main language spoken is Tamil. Kannada is spoken among Devayanga community.[55] A total of 79,067 were under age six: 40,570 males and 38,497 females. The city's literacy rate was 76.37 percent, higher than the national average of 72.99 percent.[55] Salem had 215,747 households and a total of 332,147 workers: 1,599 farmers, 3,040 agricultural laborers, 32,597 in household industries, 278,892 other workers, 16,019 part-time workers, 165 part-time farmers, 544 part-time agricultural workers, 1,937 part-time workers in household industries and 13,373 other part-time workers.[4] As per the religious census of 2011, Salem had 89.79% Hindus, 7.48% Muslims, 2.36% Christians, 0.11% Jains, 0.02% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.2% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.[56]

Religious landmarks

[edit]
Entrance of Sundararaja Perumal Temple, Salem
1008 Lingam temple in the city

Salem has several Hindu temples. The Kottai Perumal koil is present in centre of the city (also called as Sundararaja Perumal Temple, Salem). This temple is one of the Pancha Bhrigu Kshethram and the rest are Tirupathi, Sarangapani temple, Nachiyar Koil and Oppiliappan temple. The Kottai Mariamman Temple, dedicated to the goddess Mariamman, has an annual five-day festival during the Tamizh month of Aadi (mid-July to mid-August).[57] The temple's gopuram is made up of seven tiers. Sugavaneshwarar Temple is dedicated to Shiva, and according to mythology the sage Sugha Brahmarishi is worshiped there. Arunagirinadhar sang a song about Muruga in the temple, which was built during the 13th century by Mamannan Sundara Pandiyan.[58] Kottai Perumal Temple, Skandhashram,[59]

Jamia Masjid is Salem's oldest mosque and lies on the southern bank of the Thirumanimutharu River in the heart of the city. It was reportedly built by the Kingdom of Mysore ruler Tipu Sultan, who is said to have prayed here. The Masjid Inam granted to the mosque in 1862 was confirmed by the British with a special resolution in 1880.[60][61][62]

Christ Church is located on Fort Road and the church was consecrated in 1875.[63] The other popular churches in and around the city include the Lechler Memorial Church, which is the oldest church in Salem, was built in 1856 by a German missionary in Fort Salem.[64]

Shopping and recreation

[edit]
Islands of Mookaneri Lake
Ghat road to Yercaud
Kurumbapatti Zoological Park entrance

Salem's traditional shopping areas are in the Town area, with major retailers in Bazaar Street, Car Street, First Agraharam and Chinna Kadai Street. Shevapet and the Fort area are noted for hardware and furniture, and Leigh Bazaar in Shevapet is the main wholesale market.

Reliance Shopping Mall, the city's largest shopping complex is situated near Five Roads. Other malls in the city are Nirmal Skywin mall and Kandaswarna Mega mall.[65]

Kurumbapatti Zoological Park and Anna Park are government-run parks.[66] Paravasa Ulagam[67] and Dream Land are amusement parks in the city. Mookaneri (Kannankurichi) lake within the city limits is a popular tourist place and bird watching destination.[68][69][70]

Yercaud, a major hill station in Tamil Nadu is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Salem City. The ghat road starts at the end of the Salem City limits. The ghat road is a picturesque spot and attracts a lot of early morning walkers and joggers. Yercaud is also a famous weekend getaway for the people of Salem and nearby districts and states.

Cuisine

[edit]

Thattu vadai Set (or simply called as settu) is a savory snack and popular street food, which originated in Salem and is now available in other cities in Tamil Nadu like Chennai. It is a very famous street snack available at almost every small stall set up on the streets of Salem. The sandwich consists of two crunchy thattai discs with fillings such as crispy beetroot, carrot and other vegetables smeared with green and red chutneys. Norukkal Mix, another popular snack is smashed murukku mixed with chutney, groundnut, coconut, sliced tomatoes and Chillipowder (Molagapodi). Egg Settu, Murukku Settu and Maanga Settu are the different varieties of Thattu vadai Set. Salem has a variety of vegetarian and non-vegetarian hotels which offer good food at a reasonable price.[71][72][73][74][75][76][77]

Transport

[edit]
Trumpet Exchange
A newly renovated Salem Junction's Entrance

Road

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Salem has six arterial roads: Omalur Road, Cherry Road, Saradha College Road, Junction Main Road, Trichy Road and Attur Road. Three National Highways originate from or pass through Salem: NH 44 (Srinagar via Madurai and Tirunelveli Kanyakumari), NH 544 (Salem – Kochi via Erode and Coimbatore and Tiruppur )and NH 79 (Salem – Ulundurpet).[78]

Salem is the headquarters of the Salem division of TNSTC. The city has two major bus stations: the MGR Integrated Bus Terminus in Meyyanoor and the Town Bus Station (Old Bus Stand) in the town area. Intercity and interstate routes and private buses originate at the Central Bus Stand (New Bus Stand), and local buses originate at the Old Bus Stand. The Anna Flyover is the oldest in the city, and the Trumpet Interchange was built in the realignment of NH 544 to ease traffic towards Coimbatore. A new double-decker flyover runs within main city centres like New bus stand, 5 roads, saratha college road, 4 roads to ease congestion on these roads. It is the longest double-decker flyover in Tamil Nadu covering a length of 7.87 km.

The Town Bus terminus is being upgraded into a double decker bus terminus, the first of this kind in the state under the smart City scheme .[79] The terminal building of the New Bus terminus is also reconstructed under the smart City scheme.

A new bus port has also been proposed for the city at Jagirammapalayam near IT park with an area of about 61 acres. This includes a bypass road to connect the Ayothiapattinam area of the city with the bus port.[80]

Other bus stands include the Omalur bus station and Attayampatti bus station in the outskirts of the city.

Rail

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Salem Junction is an A-1 category ISO-14001 certified[81] railway junction located in Suramangalam area, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the city. In 2005, the Railway Board approved the creation of a Salem railway division from Palakkad and Tiruchirapalli divisions. It is the fourth-largest of the six Southern Railway zone divisions. Salem Railway Junction has been rated as the cleanest station among the divisional headquarters railway stations and also the ninth cleanest railway station in the entire country, according to a survey report published in June 2017.[82] Other major railway stations catering to the city include Salem Town,[83] Salem Market, Omalur Junction, Karuppur railway station and Ayothiapattinam railway station.

Air

[edit]
Salem Airport

Salem Airport (IATA SXV, ICAO VOSM) is located on the Salem-Bengaluru Highway (NH44) in Kaamalapuram about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the city. Airports Authority of India (AAI) opened the airport in 1993 for commercial operations. Kingfisher Airlines flew from Chennai but ended its service in October 2011 due to low occupancy. Trujet started services to Chennai in March 2018 as a part of the Udaan scheme by Government of India as well as Air Odisha gives connectivity to Bengaluru and Pondicherry from June 2018.[84][85][86][87]

Flight services resumed from October 2023. Now, Salem is directly connected to Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, and Cochin.

AirlinesDestinations
Alliance AirBangalore, Kochi[88]
IndiGoBangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad[89]

The other nearest major airports are Tiruchirappalli (152 km) and Coimbatore (148 km).

Sports

[edit]

Gandhi Stadium, built originally for cricket, also hosts athletic meets, football, Volleyball and basketball.[90] Salem District Cricket Association (SDCA) has 47 teams in league cricket. The city has 2 international standard turf grounds. The Green Valley Sports club Cricket ground is on the outskirts of Salem city.[91][92] The state chief minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami inaugurated the Salem Cricket Foundation Stadium with international standards on 10 February 2020 in the presence of former cricketer Rahul Dravid and former ICC and BCCI president N. Srinivasan built at a cost of ₹3 crore (US$350,000) in Karivepilapatti near Vazhapadi.[93][94] This newly inaugurated ground is the home ground for Salem Spartans, a TNPL team and also the second home ground for the Indian Premier League team of Chennai Super Kings.[95][96]

T. Natarajan, who hails from Salem, made his international debut for the India cricket team in December 2020[97] He plays in the Indian Premier League for Sunrisers Hyderabad and is nicknamed as "Yorker King" for his accurate Yorkers at death overs in T20 games.[98] In the 2020 IPL season, delivered a whopping 96 yorkers in 16 IPL matches this year. He played a major role for India to win the Dettol T20 Series 2020 in Australia.[99]

Mariyappan Thangavelu from Salem is an Indian Paralympic high jumper. He represented India in the 2016 Summer Paralympic games held in Rio de Janeiro in the men's high jump T-42 category, winning the gold medal in the finals.[100]

City-based teams

[edit]
Club Sport League Home Stadium Founded
Salem Spartans Cricket Tamil Nadu Premier League Salem Cricket Foundation Stadium[101] 2016

Education

[edit]
Vinayaka Missions University
Montfort School Church, Yercaud, Salem
Salem Periyar University
Women at an all women's school in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
See also: List of educational institutions in Salem, India

Salem has several educational institutions with Arts and Science colleges affiliated to Periyar University founded in 1997.

Sister cities

[edit]

Salem has one sister city:

As of 2014, there was talk of reviving the now-stagnant Sister City project launched in 1964 with Salem in Oregon, USA.[111]

Notable people

[edit]

Arts, entertainment and television

[edit]

Mathematics, science and technology

[edit]

Media

[edit]

Politics

[edit]

Sports

[edit]

Others

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Salem is the anglicized spelling used in British English, and cēlam is the romanized spelling from the Tamil script, simplified in Indian English as Selam.

References

[edit]
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[edit]
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