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{{short description|Gold coins unearthed in California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox artifact
{{Infobox artifact
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| image = [[File:Saddle Ridge Hoard coins and dirt.jpg|260px]]
| image = [[File:Saddle Ridge Hoard coins and dirt.jpg|260px]]
| image2 =
| image2 =
| image_caption =Gold coins shown as found
| image_caption =Gold coins [[in situ]]
| material =Gold coins
| material =Gold coins
| period=
| period=
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| writing =
| writing =
| created = 1847 to 1894
| created = 1847 to 1894
| discovered = [[Gold Country]], [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]], [[California]] in February 2013
| discovered = Western Half of [[Shasta Cascade]] region, [[California]] in February 2013
| location = [[Tiburon, California]]
| location = [[Tiburon, California]]
| id =
| id =
}}
}}


The '''Saddle Ridge Hoard''' is the name given to identify a [[treasure trove]] of 1,427 gold coins unearthed in the [[Gold Country]] of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]], [[California]] in 2013. The face value of the coins totaled $27,980, but was assessed to be worth $10 million. In total, the [[hoard]] contains $27,460 in twenty-dollar coins, $500 in ten-dollar coins, and $20 in five-dollar coins, all dating from 1847 to 1894. The collection is the largest known discovery of buried gold coins that has ever been recovered in the US.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kevin Fagan, San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Gold-Country-couple-discovers-10-million-in-5266314.php |title=Gold Country couple discovers $10 million in buried coins |publisher=SFGate |date=February 26, 2014 |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref>
The '''Saddle Ridge Hoard''' is the name given to a [[hoard]] of 1,427 gold coins unearthed in the western half of the [[Shasta Cascade]] region, of Northern [[California]] in 2013. The face value of the coins totaled $27,980, but was assessed to be worth $10 million. The hoard contains $27,460 in twenty-dollar coins, $500 in ten-dollar coins, and $20 in five-dollar coins, all dating from 1847 to 1894. The collection is the largest known discovery of buried gold coins that has ever been recovered in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kevin Fagan, San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Gold-Country-couple-discovers-10-million-in-5266314.php |title=Gold Country couple discovers $10 million in buried coins |publisher=SFGate |date=February 26, 2014 |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref>


== Discovery and excavation ==
== Discovery and excavation ==
The Saddle Ridge Hoard was discovered in February 2013 on private property located in California Gold Country. Due to privacy concerns, the exact location of the discovery has not been disclosed, other than to confirm that the land is located in a hillside area of Gold Country, near the site of the [[California Gold Rush|Gold Rush of 1849]]. {{As of|2014}}, the couple who discovered the hoard have chosen to remain anonymous. Known only as John and Mary, the middle-aged, married couple have lived on the [[rural area|rural property]] for several years and have no idea who buried the coins.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kashmira Gander |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/couple-finds-10million-in-gold-coins-while-walking-their-dog-9153126.html |title=Couple finds $10million in gold coins while walking their dog - Americas - World |publisher=The Independent |date=February 26, 2014 |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref> They wish to keep their identity, location, and ownership history of their home private, in order to avoid treasure seekers from trespassing on their property in an effort to find more gold.<ref name="princegeorgecitizen1">{{cite web|author=John Rogers |url=http://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/california-couple-uncover-rare-gold-coins-worth-10-million-while-walking-their-dog-1.866658 |title=California couple uncover rare gold coins worth $10 million while walking their dog |publisher=Prince George Citizen |date= |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref><ref name=wapost>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/calif-couple-strike-10-million-gold-coin-bonanza/2014/02/25/8855b42e-9e7a-11e3-878c-65222df220eb_story.html |title=Calif. couple strike $10 million gold-coin bonanza |publisher=The Washington Post |date=February 26, 2014 |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref>
The Saddle Ridge Hoard was discovered in February 2013 on private property located in the western half of the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California. Due to privacy concerns, the exact location of the discovery has not been disclosed, other than to confirm that the land is located in a hillside area less than 200 miles from the site of the [[California Gold Rush|Gold Rush of 1849]]. {{As of|2014}}, the couple who discovered the hoard have chosen to remain anonymous. Known only as John and Mary, the couple had lived on the [[rural area|rural property]] for several years and have no idea who buried the coins.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kashmira Gander |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/couple-finds-10million-in-gold-coins-while-walking-their-dog-9153126.html |title=Couple finds $10million in gold coins while walking their dog - Americas - World |work=The Independent |date=February 26, 2014 |accessdate=February 26, 2014 |location=London}}</ref> While no longer a couple, as well as no longer occupying the property, they wish to keep their identity, location, and ownership history of the property private, in order to keep treasure seekers from trespassing on the property in an effort to find more gold.<ref name="princegeorgecitizen1">{{cite web |author=John Rogers |url=http://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/california-couple-uncover-rare-gold-coins-worth-10-million-while-walking-their-dog-1.866658 |title=California couple uncover rare gold coins worth $10 million while walking their dog |publisher=Prince George Citizen |accessdate=February 26, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303073637/http://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/california-couple-uncover-rare-gold-coins-worth-10-million-while-walking-their-dog-1.866658 |archivedate=March 3, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=wapost>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/calif-couple-strike-10-million-gold-coin-bonanza/2014/02/25/8855b42e-9e7a-11e3-878c-65222df220eb_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226124200/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/calif-couple-strike-10-million-gold-coin-bonanza/2014/02/25/8855b42e-9e7a-11e3-878c-65222df220eb_story.html |archive-date=February 26, 2014 |title=Calif. couple strike $10 million gold-coin bonanza |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 26, 2014 |accessdate=February 26, 2014 |url-status=dead}} </ref>


The owners of the property discovered the trove while they were walking their dog on their property. Although they had reportedly hiked the trail numerous times previously, it was not until they spotted a [[rust]]-covered metal can poking out of the ground that they chose to explore further.<ref name=wapost/><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.pcgs.com/News/pcgs-certifies-10-million-gold-coins |title=PCGS Certifies $10+ Million Gold Coins Treasure For Kagin's Inc |publisher=Pcgs.com |date= |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref>
The owners of the property discovered the trove while they were walking their dog on their property. Although they had reportedly hiked the trail numerous times previously, it was not until they spotted a [[rust]]-covered metal can poking out of the ground that they chose to explore further.<ref name=wapost/><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.pcgs.com/News/pcgs-certifies-10-million-gold-coins |title=PCGS Certifies $10+ Million Gold Coins Treasure For Kagin's Inc |publisher=Pcgs.com |date= |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Saddle Ridge Hoard can.jpg|thumb|260px|left|Rusted can of gold coins as found at discovery site in February 2013]]
[[File:Saddle Ridge Hoard can.jpg|thumb|260px|left|Rusted can of gold coins as found at discovery site in February 2013]]
Before finding the trove, the couple had noticed some unique features of the area. They recalled seeing an old empty can hanging from an old tree. The can had evidently been there so long that the tree had literally grown around it. At the time, the couple surmised that the hanging can had possibly been used to hold flowers and mark a grave. They also noticed an oddly shaped rock on the nearby hill, which they nicknamed "Saddle Ridge". After they found the gold, they realized that the geographical features and the hanging can were probably markers to the site, placed by the original owners. The center of the treasure trove was located ten steps between the jagged rock and the direction of the [[Pole star|North Star]].<ref name=interview>{{cite web|url=http://saddleridgehoard.com/interview/ |title=Interview |publisher=Saddle Ridge Hoard |date= |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref>
Before finding the trove, the couple had noticed some unique features of the area. They recalled seeing an old empty can hanging from an old tree. The can had evidently been there so long that the tree had grown around it. At the time, the couple surmised that the hanging can had possibly been used to hold flowers and mark a grave. They also noticed an oddly shaped rock on the nearby hill, which they nicknamed "Saddle Ridge". After they found the gold, they realized that the geographical features and the hanging can were probably markers to the site, placed by the original owners. The center of the treasure trove was located ten steps from the jagged rock in the direction of the [[Pole star|North Star]].<ref name=interview>{{cite web|url=http://saddleridgehoard.com/interview/ |title=Interview |publisher=Saddle Ridge Hoard |date= |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref>


After Mary noticed the can, John bent down to pick it up, but found that it was stuck in the dirt. He began to use a piece of wood to pry it from the ground. It was so heavy that they believed that the can likely held [[lead paint]]. On their walk back to their house, struggling to carry the weight of the find, the lid of the can cracked open, revealing the edge of a single gold coin.<ref name=interview/> They returned to the site with some hand tools to see if they could find anything else. They found another can about a foot away from where the first can was discovered. Although it was partially decomposed due to rust, it held several more coins. They continued to return to the site to look for more coins, primarily digging in the ground and eventually using a [[metal detector]]. Their work eventually resulted in the discovery of eight cans filled with 1,427 coins.<ref name=interview/>
After Mary noticed the can, John bent down to pick it up, but found that it was stuck in the dirt. He began to use a piece of wood to pry it from the ground. It was so heavy that they believed that the can likely held [[lead paint]]. On their walk back to their house, struggling to carry the weight of the find, the lid of the can cracked open, revealing the edge of a single gold coin.<ref name=interview/> They returned to the site with some hand tools to see if they could find anything else. They found another can about a foot away from where the first can was discovered. Although it was partially decomposed due to rust, it held several more coins. They continued to return to the site to look for more coins, primarily digging in the ground and eventually using a [[metal detector]]. Their work eventually resulted in the discovery of eight cans filled with 1,427 coins.<ref name=interview/>


After their discovery, the couple protected their find by hiding it in an old ice chest, then burying it under a pile of wood and concealing the location. After some initial research, they contacted the [[numismatics]] firm of Kagin's in [[Tiburon, California]], who is representing the owners.<ref name=wapost/><ref name=interview/>
After their discovery, the couple protected their find by hiding it in an old ice chest, then burying it under a pile of wood and concealing the location. After some initial research, they contacted the [[numismatics]] firm of Kagin's in [[Tiburon, California]], which is representing the owners.<ref name=wapost/><ref name=interview/>


== Authentication and valuation ==
== Authentication and valuation ==
[[File:Saddle Ridge Hoard 1886-S 10 dollar slab.gif|thumb|200px|1886-S $10 PCGS slab]]
[[File:Saddle Ridge Hoard 1886-S 10 dollar slab.gif|thumb|200px|1886-S $10 PCGS [[coin slab]]]]
Numismatist David J. McCarthy of the California firm Kagin's completed the initial evaluation of the coins and assessed the significance of the find.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Prior to the discovery of the hoard, the largest buried collection of gold found in the US was uncovered by city workers in [[Jackson, Tennessee]] in 1985. The Jackson hoard had a face value of $4,500 and sold for about $1 million (not adjusted for inflation).<ref>Winter, Douglas (2006). ''Gold Coins of the New Orleans Mint: 1839-1909'', Zyrus Press, page 163. ISBN 978-0974237169</ref> The face value of the Saddle Ridge treasure is $27,980.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coinweek.com/coin-grading/buried-treasure-1427-us-gold-coins-certified-pcgs-kagins-inc/|title=Buried Treasure of 1427 US Gold Coins Certified by PCGS For Kagins Inc.|work=www.coinweek.com|date=2014-02-25|accessdate=2014-03-17}}</ref>
Numismatist [[David J. McCarthy]] of the California firm Kagin's completed the initial evaluation of the coins and assessed the significance of the find.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Prior to the discovery of the hoard, the largest buried collection of gold found in the US was uncovered by city workers in [[Jackson, Tennessee]], in 1985. The [[Jackson hoard]] had a face value of $4,500 and sold for about $1 million (not adjusted for inflation).<ref>Winter, Douglas (2006). ''Gold Coins of the New Orleans Mint: 1839-1909'', Zyrus Press, page 163. {{ISBN|978-0974237169}}</ref> The face value of the Saddle Ridge treasure is $27,980.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coinweek.com/coin-grading/buried-treasure-1427-us-gold-coins-certified-pcgs-kagins-inc/|title=Buried Treasure of 1427 US Gold Coins Certified by PCGS For Kagins Inc.|work=www.coinweek.com|date=2014-02-25|accessdate=2014-03-17}}</ref> The discovery raises interesting questions about its finders' tax liability, due to the Treasury Department regulation which states that “Treasure trove, to the extent of its value in United States currency, constitutes gross income for the taxable year in which it is reduced to undisputed possession.”<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/26/1.61-14; see Marc Morris, Christine Cheng, D. Larry Crumbley, ''The Saddle Ridge Gold Coin Discovery: How the IRS Should Tax U.S. Currency Under the Treasure Trove Regulation'', 17 Hous. Bus. & Tax L.J. 120 (2017).</ref>


Following the initial assessment, McCarthy and Kagin's were contracted to conserve the material. Kagin's then contacted the [[Professional Coin Grading Service]] (PCGS) of [[Irvine, California]] for an independent authentication. PCGS reported that many of the coins were recovered in uncirculated condition, [[mint condition]]. It further stated that some of the pieces are so rare that they could be worth about $1 million each.<ref name="princegeorgecitizen1"/> The coin grading and certification revealed that over a dozen of the coins are either the finest known or tied for the finest known specimens in the PCGS Population Report.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> The collection includes:
Following the initial assessment, McCarthy and Kagin's were contracted to conserve the material. Kagin's then contacted the [[Professional Coin Grading Service]] (PCGS) of [[Irvine, California]] for an independent authentication. PCGS reported that many of the coins were recovered in uncirculated, [[mint condition]]. It further stated that some of the pieces are so rare that they could be worth about $1 million each.<ref name="princegeorgecitizen1"/> The coin grading and certification revealed that over a dozen of the coins are either the finest known or tied for the finest known specimens in the PCGS Population Report.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> The collection includes:


* 1866-S $20 [[Liberty Head double eagle#Type I (1850–1866)|Double Eagle/no motto]] valued at around $1 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-coin-found-gold-country-cache-20140226,0,6394903.story#axzz2wH0nFpKw|title='Miraculous coin' in gold country cache could bring $1 million|work=www.latimes.com|date=2014-02-26|accessdate=2014-03-17}}</ref>
* 1866-S $20 [[Liberty Head double eagle#Type I (1850–1866)|Double Eagle/no motto]] valued at around $1 million<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-coin-found-gold-country-cache-20140226,0,6394903.story#axzz2wH0nFpKw|title='Miraculous coin' in gold country cache could bring $1 million|work=www.latimes.com|date=2014-02-26|accessdate=2014-03-17|first1=Samantha|last1=Schaefer|first2=Ruben|last2=Vives}}</ref>
* 1866-S $20 [[Liberty Head double eagle#Type II (1866–1876)|Double Eagle/with motto]] PCGS MS62+ (finest known)
* 1866-S $20 [[Liberty Head double eagle#Type II (1866–1876)|Double Eagle/with motto]] PCGS MS62+ (finest known)
* 1877-S $20 [[Liberty Head double eagle#Type III (1877–1907)|Double Eagle]] PCGS MS65 (tied finest known)
* 1877-S $20 [[Liberty Head double eagle#Type III (1877–1907)|Double Eagle]] PCGS MS65 (tied finest known)
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== Disposition ==
== Disposition ==
According to Donald Kagin, Kagin's has an exclusive arrangement with [[Amazon.com]] to sell the coins through their collectibles store. This arrangement is the first major sale of coins made through Amazon. John and Mary have also chosen to use the funds to cover their personal debt and donate to several local charities. They have additionally chosen to retain some of the coins for family heirlooms and keepsakes.<ref name="princegeorgecitizen1"/><ref name=wapost/><ref>{{cite web|last=Liljas |first=Per |url=http://nation.time.com/2014/02/25/california-couple-finds-10-million-in-gold-coins/ |title=Couple Finds $10 Million in Gold Coins &#124; TIME.com |publisher=Nation.time.com |date= |accessdate=February 26, 2014}}</ref>
According to Donald Kagin, Kagin's has an exclusive arrangement with [[Amazon.com]] to sell the coins through their collectibles store. This arrangement is the first major sale of coins made through Amazon. John and Mary have also chosen to use the funds to cover their personal debt and donate to several local charities. They have additionally chosen to retain some of the coins for family heirlooms and keepsakes.<ref name="princegeorgecitizen1"/><ref name=wapost/><ref>{{cite news|last=Liljas |first=Per |url=http://nation.time.com/2014/02/25/california-couple-finds-10-million-in-gold-coins/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227111734/http://nation.time.com/2014/02/25/california-couple-finds-10-million-in-gold-coins/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 27, 2014 |title=Couple Finds $10 Million in Gold Coins |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date= February 25, 2014|access-date=February 26, 2014}}</ref>


== Origination theories ==
== Origination theories ==
Following the initial discovery of the coins, there was widespread speculation that the hoard represented the discovery of the 1901 theft of $30,000 from the [[San Francisco Mint]] by employee Walter Dimmick. Kagin's and the [[U.S. Mint]] ruled out this theory, stating that the Saddle Ridge Hoard is unlikely to be part of the mint heist, due to the diversity in the face value and condition of the coins.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/101465936 |title=Bunch of bullion: Dealer says gold coin hoard not from heist |publisher=Cnbc.com |date= |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2014/03/06/saddle-ridge-gold-dimmick-stolen/|title=$10 Million Mystery: Was Walter Dimmick the Gold Coin Fall Guy?|publisher=Mashable|accessdate=2014-06-24}}</ref> On March 4, 2014, The U.S. Mint stated that "[they] do not have any information linking the Saddle Ridge Hoard coins to any thefts at any United States Mint facility",<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/04/us/california-gold-discovery/index.html?hpt=hp_t3 |title=Could century-old theft explain mystery of gold coins? |publisher=CNN.com |date=2014-02-26 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref><ref name="abcnews1">{{cite web|author=John Rogers (Associated Press) |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Weird/wireStory/california-gold-discovery-spurs-rush-theories-22776868 |title=California Gold Discovery Spurs Rush of Theories - ABC News |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |date=2014-03-02 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref> and "[they've] done quite a bit of research, and we've got a crack team of lawyers, and trust me, if this was U.S. government property we'd be going after it."<ref name="autogenerated2"/>
Following the initial discovery of the coins, there was widespread speculation that the hoard represented the discovery of the 1901 theft of $30,000 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=30000|start_year=1901}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) from the [[San Francisco Mint]] by employee Walter Dimmick.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/10m-calif-gold-coin-hoard-found-yard-stolen/story?id=22764360|title=$10M Gold Coin Hoard Found in Yard May Have Been Stolen from Mint|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> Kagin's and the [[U.S. Mint]] ruled out this theory, stating that the Saddle Ridge Hoard is unlikely to be part of the mint heist, due to the diversity in the face value and condition of the coins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/03/04/bunch-of-bullion-dealer-says-gold-coin-hoard-not-from-heist.html |title=Bunch of bullion: Dealer says gold coin hoard not from heist |publisher=[[CNBC]] |date= March 4, 2014|access-date=2014-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2014/03/06/saddle-ridge-gold-dimmick-stolen/|title=$10 Million Mystery: Was Walter Dimmick the Gold Coin Fall Guy?|date=March 6, 2014|publisher=Mashable|accessdate=2014-06-24}}</ref> On March 4, 2014, the U.S. Mint stated that "[they] do not have any information linking the Saddle Ridge Hoard coins to any thefts at any United States Mint facility",<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/04/us/california-gold-discovery/index.html?hpt=hp_t3 |title=Could century-old theft explain mystery of gold coins? |publisher=CNN.com |date=2014-02-26 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref><ref name="abcnews1">{{cite web|author=John Rogers (Associated Press) |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Weird/wireStory/california-gold-discovery-spurs-rush-theories-22776868 |title=California Gold Discovery Spurs Rush of Theories - ABC News |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |date=2014-03-02 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref> and "[they've] done quite a bit of research, and we've got a crack team of lawyers, and trust me, if this was U.S. government property we'd be going after it."<ref name="autogenerated2"/>


Other disregarded theories contend that the hoard is a hidden stash of gold buried by [[Jesse James]], or loot taken by [[Black Bart (outlaw)|Black Bart]], who was known for robbing [[stagecoach]]es.<ref name="abcnews1"/><ref name="sfgate1">{{cite web|author=Kevin Fagan |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Black-Bart-Jesse-James-Who-hid-10-million-5279157.php |title=Black Bart? Jesse James? Who hid $10 million worth of gold? |publisher=SFGate |date=2014-02-28 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref> A theory has also been advanced that the hoard was part of a treasure supposedly hidden by the [[Knights of the Golden Circle]], to be used to fund a second Civil War.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-gold-coins-northern-california-mint-theft-20140304,0,3666293.story#axzz2vamnAr8K|title=Gold coins found by California couple unlikely stolen from U.S. Mint|work=www.latimes.com|date=2014-03-04|accessdate=2014-03-17}}</ref> The predominant theory attributes the cache to an unknown individual who chose to bury the coins rather than trust the banks to protect his wealth. While the couple who found the coins have remained anonymous and the location of the find is undisclosed, several individuals have attempted to claim the gold coins or a share of the profits, asserting that the money belonged to one of their relatives or associates.<ref name="sfgate1"/>
Other disregarded theories contend that the hoard is a hidden stash of gold buried by [[Jesse James]], or loot taken by [[Black Bart (outlaw)|Black Bart]], who was known for robbing [[stagecoach]]es.<ref name="abcnews1"/><ref name="sfgate1">{{cite news|author=Kevin Fagan |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Black-Bart-Jesse-James-Who-hid-10-million-5279157.php |title=Black Bart? Jesse James? Who hid $10 million worth of gold? |publisher=SFGate |date=2014-02-28 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref> A theory has also been advanced that the hoard was part of a treasure supposedly hidden by the [[Knights of the Golden Circle]], to be used to fund a second Civil War.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-gold-coins-northern-california-mint-theft-20140304,0,3666293.story#axzz2vamnAr8K|title=Gold coins found by California couple unlikely stolen from U.S. Mint|work=www.latimes.com|date=2014-03-04|accessdate=2014-03-17|first=Samantha|last=Schaefer}}</ref> The predominant theory attributes the cache to an unknown individual who chose to bury the coins rather than trust the banks to protect his wealth. While the couple who found the coins have remained anonymous and the location of the find is undisclosed, several individuals have attempted to claim the gold coins or a share of the profits, asserting that the money belonged to one of their relatives or associates.<ref name="sfgate1"/>

== See also ==

* [[Great Kentucky Hoard]] - a cache of 700 gold coins, consisting of [[Gold dollar|Gold dollars]], [[Eagle (United States coin)|Eagles]], and Double Eagles discovered on farmland in [[Kentucky]] in 2023
* [[List of hoards in North America]]


== References ==
== References ==
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* {{Official website|http://www.saddleridgehoard.com}}
* {{Official website|http://www.saddleridgehoard.com}}


{{Gold Hoards}}
{{Treasure}}
{{Treasure}}
{{Portal bar|Numismatics|United States}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Saddle Ridge Hoard}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saddle Ridge Hoard}}
[[Category:Numismatics]]
[[Category:Numismatics]]
[[Category:Treasure troves of the United States]]
[[Category:Treasure troves in the United States]]
[[Category:Historical currencies of the United States]]
[[Category:Historical currencies of the United States]]
[[Category:Metal detecting finds]]
[[Category:Metal detecting finds in the United States]]
[[Category:California Gold Rush]]
[[Category:California Gold Rush]]
[[Category:2013 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:2013 in California]]
[[Category:Buried treasure]]

Latest revision as of 10:18, 17 November 2024

Saddle Ridge Hoard
Gold coins in situ
MaterialGold coins
Size1,427 coins
Created1847 to 1894
DiscoveredWestern Half of Shasta Cascade region, California in February 2013
Present locationTiburon, California

The Saddle Ridge Hoard is the name given to a hoard of 1,427 gold coins unearthed in the western half of the Shasta Cascade region, of Northern California in 2013. The face value of the coins totaled $27,980, but was assessed to be worth $10 million. The hoard contains $27,460 in twenty-dollar coins, $500 in ten-dollar coins, and $20 in five-dollar coins, all dating from 1847 to 1894. The collection is the largest known discovery of buried gold coins that has ever been recovered in the United States.[1]

Discovery and excavation

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The Saddle Ridge Hoard was discovered in February 2013 on private property located in the western half of the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California. Due to privacy concerns, the exact location of the discovery has not been disclosed, other than to confirm that the land is located in a hillside area less than 200 miles from the site of the Gold Rush of 1849. As of 2014, the couple who discovered the hoard have chosen to remain anonymous. Known only as John and Mary, the couple had lived on the rural property for several years and have no idea who buried the coins.[2] While no longer a couple, as well as no longer occupying the property, they wish to keep their identity, location, and ownership history of the property private, in order to keep treasure seekers from trespassing on the property in an effort to find more gold.[3][4]

The owners of the property discovered the trove while they were walking their dog on their property. Although they had reportedly hiked the trail numerous times previously, it was not until they spotted a rust-covered metal can poking out of the ground that they chose to explore further.[4][5]

Rusted can of gold coins as found at discovery site in February 2013

Before finding the trove, the couple had noticed some unique features of the area. They recalled seeing an old empty can hanging from an old tree. The can had evidently been there so long that the tree had grown around it. At the time, the couple surmised that the hanging can had possibly been used to hold flowers and mark a grave. They also noticed an oddly shaped rock on the nearby hill, which they nicknamed "Saddle Ridge". After they found the gold, they realized that the geographical features and the hanging can were probably markers to the site, placed by the original owners. The center of the treasure trove was located ten steps from the jagged rock in the direction of the North Star.[6]

After Mary noticed the can, John bent down to pick it up, but found that it was stuck in the dirt. He began to use a piece of wood to pry it from the ground. It was so heavy that they believed that the can likely held lead paint. On their walk back to their house, struggling to carry the weight of the find, the lid of the can cracked open, revealing the edge of a single gold coin.[6] They returned to the site with some hand tools to see if they could find anything else. They found another can about a foot away from where the first can was discovered. Although it was partially decomposed due to rust, it held several more coins. They continued to return to the site to look for more coins, primarily digging in the ground and eventually using a metal detector. Their work eventually resulted in the discovery of eight cans filled with 1,427 coins.[6]

After their discovery, the couple protected their find by hiding it in an old ice chest, then burying it under a pile of wood and concealing the location. After some initial research, they contacted the numismatics firm of Kagin's in Tiburon, California, which is representing the owners.[4][6]

Authentication and valuation

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1886-S $10 PCGS coin slab

Numismatist David J. McCarthy of the California firm Kagin's completed the initial evaluation of the coins and assessed the significance of the find.[5] Prior to the discovery of the hoard, the largest buried collection of gold found in the US was uncovered by city workers in Jackson, Tennessee, in 1985. The Jackson hoard had a face value of $4,500 and sold for about $1 million (not adjusted for inflation).[7] The face value of the Saddle Ridge treasure is $27,980.[8] The discovery raises interesting questions about its finders' tax liability, due to the Treasury Department regulation which states that “Treasure trove, to the extent of its value in United States currency, constitutes gross income for the taxable year in which it is reduced to undisputed possession.”[9]

Following the initial assessment, McCarthy and Kagin's were contracted to conserve the material. Kagin's then contacted the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) of Irvine, California for an independent authentication. PCGS reported that many of the coins were recovered in uncirculated, mint condition. It further stated that some of the pieces are so rare that they could be worth about $1 million each.[3] The coin grading and certification revealed that over a dozen of the coins are either the finest known or tied for the finest known specimens in the PCGS Population Report.[5] The collection includes:

Disposition

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According to Donald Kagin, Kagin's has an exclusive arrangement with Amazon.com to sell the coins through their collectibles store. This arrangement is the first major sale of coins made through Amazon. John and Mary have also chosen to use the funds to cover their personal debt and donate to several local charities. They have additionally chosen to retain some of the coins for family heirlooms and keepsakes.[3][4][11]

Origination theories

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Following the initial discovery of the coins, there was widespread speculation that the hoard represented the discovery of the 1901 theft of $30,000 (~$877,536 in 2023) from the San Francisco Mint by employee Walter Dimmick.[12] Kagin's and the U.S. Mint ruled out this theory, stating that the Saddle Ridge Hoard is unlikely to be part of the mint heist, due to the diversity in the face value and condition of the coins.[13][14] On March 4, 2014, the U.S. Mint stated that "[they] do not have any information linking the Saddle Ridge Hoard coins to any thefts at any United States Mint facility",[15][16] and "[they've] done quite a bit of research, and we've got a crack team of lawyers, and trust me, if this was U.S. government property we'd be going after it."[15]

Other disregarded theories contend that the hoard is a hidden stash of gold buried by Jesse James, or loot taken by Black Bart, who was known for robbing stagecoaches.[16][17] A theory has also been advanced that the hoard was part of a treasure supposedly hidden by the Knights of the Golden Circle, to be used to fund a second Civil War.[18] The predominant theory attributes the cache to an unknown individual who chose to bury the coins rather than trust the banks to protect his wealth. While the couple who found the coins have remained anonymous and the location of the find is undisclosed, several individuals have attempted to claim the gold coins or a share of the profits, asserting that the money belonged to one of their relatives or associates.[17]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Kevin Fagan, San Francisco Chronicle (February 26, 2014). "Gold Country couple discovers $10 million in buried coins". SFGate. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  2. ^ Kashmira Gander (February 26, 2014). "Couple finds $10million in gold coins while walking their dog - Americas - World". The Independent. London. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c John Rogers. "California couple uncover rare gold coins worth $10 million while walking their dog". Prince George Citizen. Archived from the original on March 3, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d "Calif. couple strike $10 million gold-coin bonanza". The Washington Post. February 26, 2014. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  5. ^ a b c "PCGS Certifies $10+ Million Gold Coins Treasure For Kagin's Inc". Pcgs.com. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d "Interview". Saddle Ridge Hoard. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  7. ^ Winter, Douglas (2006). Gold Coins of the New Orleans Mint: 1839-1909, Zyrus Press, page 163. ISBN 978-0974237169
  8. ^ "Buried Treasure of 1427 US Gold Coins Certified by PCGS For Kagins Inc". www.coinweek.com. February 25, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  9. ^ https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/26/1.61-14; see Marc Morris, Christine Cheng, D. Larry Crumbley, The Saddle Ridge Gold Coin Discovery: How the IRS Should Tax U.S. Currency Under the Treasure Trove Regulation, 17 Hous. Bus. & Tax L.J. 120 (2017).
  10. ^ Schaefer, Samantha; Vives, Ruben (February 26, 2014). "'Miraculous coin' in gold country cache could bring $1 million". www.latimes.com. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
  11. ^ Liljas, Per (February 25, 2014). "Couple Finds $10 Million in Gold Coins". Time. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  12. ^ "$10M Gold Coin Hoard Found in Yard May Have Been Stolen from Mint". ABC News.
  13. ^ "Bunch of bullion: Dealer says gold coin hoard not from heist". CNBC. March 4, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  14. ^ "$10 Million Mystery: Was Walter Dimmick the Gold Coin Fall Guy?". Mashable. March 6, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  15. ^ a b "Could century-old theft explain mystery of gold coins?". CNN.com. February 26, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  16. ^ a b John Rogers (Associated Press) (March 2, 2014). "California Gold Discovery Spurs Rush of Theories - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  17. ^ a b Kevin Fagan (February 28, 2014). "Black Bart? Jesse James? Who hid $10 million worth of gold?". SFGate. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  18. ^ Schaefer, Samantha (March 4, 2014). "Gold coins found by California couple unlikely stolen from U.S. Mint". www.latimes.com. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
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