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{{Short description|American architectural and engineering firm}}
{{redirect|Charles A. Reed|the fireboat|Charles A. Reed (fireboat)}}
[[File:Image-Grand central Station Outside Night 2.jpg|thumb|[[Grand Central Terminal]] (1913), New York City, designed with [[Beaux-Arts architecture]]]]
[[File:UMN-WullingHall.jpg|thumb|right|Wulling Hall (Medical Hall), Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
[[File:UMN-WullingHall.jpg|thumb|right|[[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Wulling Hall, 1892|Wulling Hall (Medical Hall)]], Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
[[File:KingStreetStation2.jpg|right|thumb|King Street Station, Seattle, Washington]]
[[File:KingStreetStation2.jpg|right|thumb|[[King Street Station]], Seattle, Washington]]


'''Reed and Stem''' (present-day WASA Studio) is an American [[architectural]] and engineering firm. The firm was founded in [[St. Paul, Minnesota]] in 1891 as a partnership between Charles A. Reed (1858–1911) and Allen H. Stem (1856–1931), the successful partnership captured a wide range of commissions. The firm was reformed as Wank Adams Slavin Associates in 1961, and adopted the name WASA Studio in 2004.
⚫
'''Reed and Stem''' was an [[architect]]ure firm based in [[St. Paul, Minnesota]]. It was a partnership between '''Charles A. Reed''' (1858–1911) and '''Allen H. Stem''' (1856–1931). Formed in 1891, the successful partnership captured a wide range of commissions. One early work was [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Wulling Hall, 1892|Medical Hall]] on the campus of the [[University of Minnesota]]. They were, however, most widely known for their work on railways over the course of two decades. Through Reed's relationship, by marriage, to the president of the [[New York Central Railroad]], they gained a high profile commission for [[New York]]'s Grand Central Terminal with the architecture firm of Warren and Wetmore, and the newly hired [[Alfred T. Fellheimer]] as lead architect. In addition, Reed and Stem undertook many significant projects for the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] and the [[Northern Pacific Railway]]. After Reed's death, Stem continued to practice with Fellheimer until his retirement in 1920.<ref name="papers">{{cite web |title= Reed and Stem papers |url= http://special.lib.umn.edu/findaid/xml/naa016.xml |publisher= Northwest Architectural Archives, Manuscripts Division, University of Minnesota Libraries |accessdate= 2008-12-25}}</ref>


==History==
⚫
[[File:Mcshie.jpg|right|thumb|Michigan Central Station, Detroit, Michigan]]
⚫
One early work was [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Wulling Hall, 1892|Medical Hall]] on the campus of the [[University of Minnesota]]. They were, however, most widely known for their work on [[railway station]]s over the course of two decades. Through Reed's relationship, by marriage, to the president of the [[New York Central Railroad]], they gained a high-profile commission for the [[History of Grand Central Terminal#Replacement|construction]] of New York's [[Grand Central Terminal]] with the architecture firm of [[Warren and Wetmore]], and the newly hired [[Alfred T. Fellheimer]] as lead architect. In addition, Reed and Stem undertook many significant projects for the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] and the [[Northern Pacific Railway]]. After Reed's death, Stem continued to practice with Fellheimer until his retirement in 1920.<ref name="papers">{{cite web |title= Reed and Stem papers |url= http://special.lib.umn.edu/findaid/xml/naa016.xml |publisher= Northwest Architectural Archives, Manuscripts Division, University of Minnesota Libraries |access-date= 2008-12-25}}</ref>


⚫
[[File:Michigan Central Train Station Exterior 2008 (HIE Film).jpg|right|thumb|[[Michigan Central Station]], Detroit, Michigan]]
⚫
The "Reed and Stem" papers held by the Northwest Architectural Archives, in the Elmer L. Anderson Library, at the University of Minnesota constitute only a small portion of their output. Only five commissions are represented, and none of them relate to the railroad work of the firm.<ref name="papers"/>


The firm moved from Minnesota to New York after being selected to design Grand Central Terminal.<ref name="Stech">Katy Stech, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/manhattan-architecture-firm-wasa-studio-files-for-bankruptcy-1438113041 Manhattan Architecture Firm WASA Studio Files for Bankruptcy], ''Wall Street Journal'' (July 28, 2015).</ref>
The firm continues to practice in New York City as WASA/Studio A.<ref name="WASA/Studio A homepage">{{cite web |title= WASA/Studio A homepage |url= http://www.wasallp.com |accessdate= 2010-01-29}}</ref>

⚫
The Reed and Stem papers held by the Northwest Architectural Archives, in the Elmer L. Andersen Library, at the University of Minnesota constitute only a small portion of their output. Eight unique commissions are listed, and represent a sample of the firm's experience in non-railroad related commission work, namely residences and commercial buildings.<ref name="papers"/>

The firm was reformed as ''[[Roland A. Wank|Wank]] Adams Slavin Associates'' in 1961, and adopted the name ''WASA Studio'' in 2004.<ref name="Stech"/><ref name="DeSantis">Christopher DeSantis, [http://www.contractdesign.com/news/industry/WASA-Studio-Seeks-Buyers-Following-Bankruptcy-36517.shtml New York Firm WASA Studio Files for Bankruptcy], ''Contract Magazine'' (July 31, 2015).</ref> The firm's office is located on [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]].<ref name="Stech"/><ref name="DeSantis"/> In 2015, the firm&mdash;which had millions of dollars in debt and was facing several lawsuits from previous former clients&mdash;filed for [[bankruptcy]] and was granted [[Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code|chapter 11 protection]] from creditors.<ref name="DeSantis"/>

⚫
==Major commissions==
The firm "has worked on more than 100 train stations ... along with college campus buildings and corporate parks."<ref name="Stech"/>


⚫
==Major Commissions==
*[[Grand Central Terminal]], [[New York, New York]], 1913, NRHP-listed<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
*[[Grand Central Terminal]], [[New York, New York]], 1913, NRHP-listed<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
*[[King Street Station (Seattle)|King Street Station]], [[Seattle, Washington]], 1906 <ref>{{cite book |last=Schwantes |first=Carlos |title=Railroad Signatures across the Pacific Northwest |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1993 |location=Seattle |pages=226 |isbn=0-295-97535-0}}</ref>
*[[King Street Station (Seattle)|King Street Station]], [[Seattle, Washington]], 1906 <ref>{{cite book |last=Schwantes |first=Carlos |title=Railroad Signatures across the Pacific Northwest |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1993 |location=Seattle |pages=226 |isbn=0-295-97535-0}}</ref>
*[[Livingston Depot]], [[Livingston, Montana]], 1902
*[[Livingston Depot]], [[Livingston, Montana]], 1902
*[[Crane Ordway|Crane Ordway Building]], St. Paul, Minnesota, 1904
*[[Crane Ordway|Crane Ordway Building]], St. Paul, Minnesota, 1904
*[[The Saint Paul Hotel]], St. Paul, Minnesota, 1910<ref name="Turkel2017">{{cite book|last=Turkel|first=Stanley|title=Built to Last 100+ Year-Old Hotels West of the Mississippi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3EnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT170|date=May 23, 2017|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-5246-7421-2|pages=170–}}</ref>
*[[Michigan Central Station]], [[Detroit, Michigan]], 1913
*[[Michigan Central Station]], [[Detroit, Michigan]], 1913
*[[Tacoma Union Station]], [[Tacoma, Washington]], 1911 <ref>{{cite book |last=Schwantes |first=Carlos |title=Railroad Signatures across the Pacific Northwest |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1993 |location=Seattle |pages=117 |isbn=0-295-97535-0}}</ref>
*[[Tacoma Union Station]], [[Tacoma, Washington]], 1911 <ref>{{cite book |last=Schwantes |first=Carlos |title=Railroad Signatures across the Pacific Northwest |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1993 |location=Seattle |pages=117 |isbn=0-295-97535-0}}</ref>
*[[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Wulling Hall, 1892|Wulling Hall (Medical Hall)]], [[University of Minnesota]], [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], 1892 <ref name="UMinn_Trail">{{cite web |url=http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/national_register/register.htm |title=National Register, University of Minnesota Heritage Trail, University of Minnesota |accessdate=2008-12-29}}</ref>
*[[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Wulling Hall, 1892|Wulling Hall (Medical Hall)]], [[University of Minnesota]], [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], 1892 <ref name="UMinn_Trail">{{cite web|url=http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/national_register/register.htm |title=National Register, University of Minnesota Heritage Trail, University of Minnesota |access-date=2008-12-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515192623/http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/national_register/register.htm |archive-date=May 15, 2008 }}</ref>
*Northern Pacific Depot, [[Ellensburg, Washington]], 1910
*Northern Pacific Depot, [[Ellensburg, Washington]], 1910
*[[Grand Central Palace]], New York City, 1913 with [[Warren and Wetmore]], demolished 1964<ref name=dunlap1>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|title=When Trade Shows Were Both Central and Grand|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/18/when-trade-shows-were-both-grand-and-central/?_r=0|accessdate=26 June 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=December 18, 2012}}</ref>
*[[Grand Central Palace]], New York City, 1913 with [[Warren and Wetmore]], demolished 1964<ref name=dunlap1>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|title=When Trade Shows Were Both Central and Grand|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/18/when-trade-shows-were-both-grand-and-central/?_r=0|access-date=26 June 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=December 18, 2012}}</ref>
*Saint Paul Athletic Club, Minneapolis, MN
*Saint Paul Athletic Club, St. Paul
*[[Cincinnati Union Terminal]]<ref name="Stech"/>
*[[Jerome Robbins Theater]]<ref name="Stech"/>


==Work with the Northern Pacific Railway==
==Work with the Northern Pacific Railway==
During the tenure of President [[Howard Elliott (railroad executive)|Howard Elliott]] (1903–1912), the Northern Pacific Railway Company engaged in the upgrading of numerous depots across its system, from Minnesota to Washington. Many of these depots bear common architectural stamps, and are likely to be Reed and Stem designs. There is also the possibility the designs for smaller stations were drawn up by the Northern Pacific's Engineering Department, based on the design elements of Reed and Stem. In addition to the major works, such as the Tacoma Union Station and the former Montana Division Headquarters at Livingston, Montana, these lesser structures like Ellensburg, Washington, probably include:
During the tenure of President [[Howard Elliott (railroad executive)|Howard Elliott]] (1903–1912), the Northern Pacific Railway Company engaged in the upgrading of numerous depots across its system, from Minnesota to Washington. Many of these depots bear common architectural stamps, and are likely to be Reed and Stem designs. There is also the possibility the designs for smaller stations were drawn up by the Northern Pacific's Engineering Department, based on the design elements of Reed and Stem. In addition to the major works, such as the Tacoma Union Station and the former Montana Division Headquarters at Livingston, Montana, these lesser structures like Ellensburg, Washington, probably include:




[[File:NPEllensburgWAdepotview050111.jpg|right|thumb|Northern Pacific Railway depot overview, Ellensburg, Washington]]
[[File:NPEllensburgWAdepotview050111.jpg|right|thumb|Northern Pacific Railway depot overview, Ellensburg, Washington]]

[[File:NPEllensburgWAdepotbay050111.jpg|right|thumb|Northern Pacific Railway depot: detail of telegraph operator's bay area, including the Northern Pacific's Monad trademark, adopted in 1896, Ellensburg, Washington.]]


[[File:NPHelenaMT1904.jpg|right|thumb|Northern Pacific Railway depot overview, Helena, Montana, circa 1904]]
[[File:NPHelenaMT1904.jpg|right|thumb|Northern Pacific Railway depot overview, Helena, Montana, circa 1904]]

[[File:NPRitzvilleWAdepot052811.jpg|right|thumb|Northern Pacific Railway depot overview, Ritzville, Washington: this depot is now in use as a local museum. http://museums.goritzville.com/depot.php]]


[[File:NPStaplesMNdepot1909.jpg|right|thumb|Northern Pacific Railway depot, Staples, Minnesota]]
[[File:NPStaplesMNdepot1909.jpg|right|thumb|Northern Pacific Railway depot, Staples, Minnesota]]


⚫
* [[Aitkin station|Aitkin, Minnesota]], 1916
[[File:NPToppenishWAdepot1911.jpg|right|thumb|Northern Pacific Railway depot overview, Toppenish, Washington: this depot is now in use as the Northern Pacific Railway Museum -- http://www.nprymuseum.org.]]

⚫
* [[Aitkin, Minnesota]]
* [[Beach, North Dakota]]
* [[Beach, North Dakota]]
* [[Belgrade, Montana]]
* [[Belgrade, Montana]]
* [[Billings, Montana]]
* [[Billings station|Billings, Montana]], 1909
* [[Butte, Montana]]
* [[Butte station|Butte, Montana]], 1906
* [[Centralia, Washington (Amtrak station)|Centralia, Washington]]
* [[Centralia, Washington (Amtrak station)|Centralia, Washington]], 1912
* [[Chehalis, Washington]]
* [[Chehalis, Washington]], 1912
* [[Detroit Lakes, Minnesota]], (built 1908)
* [[Detroit Lakes station|Detroit Lakes, Minnesota]], 1908
* [[Fergus Falls, Minnesota]]
* [[Fergus Falls station (Northern Pacific Railway)|Fergus Falls, Minnesota]]
* [[Garrison, Montana]], (razed 2000)
* [[Garrison, Montana]], demolished 2000
* [[Helena, Montana]], (Reed and Stem, built 1904)
* [[Helena, Montana]], 1904
* [[Northern Pacific Railroad Depot (Missoula, Montana)|Missoula, Montana]], (Reed and Stem Renaissance Revival, built 1901)
* [[Northern Pacific Railroad Depot (Missoula, Montana)|Missoula, Montana]], 1901, Renaissance Revival style
* [[Ritzville, Washington]], (built 1910)
* [[Ritzville, Washington]], 1910
* [[Sandpoint (Amtrak station)|Sandpoint, Idaho]], (circa 1916) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandpointtrainstation.com/about_the_station.php|title=Sandpoint Train Station: About the Station|accessdate=2011-06-13}}</ref>
* [[Sandpoint (Amtrak station)|Sandpoint, Idaho]], 1916<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandpointtrainstation.com/about_the_station.php|title=Sandpoint Train Station: About the Station|access-date=2011-06-13}}</ref>
* [[Staples (Amtrak station)|Staples, Minnesota]], (built 1909)
* [[Staples (Amtrak station)|Staples, Minnesota]], 1909
* [[Toppenish, Washington]], (built 1911)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pw2.netcom.com/~whstlpnk/toppenish.html|title=Authority for Expenditure 34-1911|accessdate=2011-06-13}}</ref> The Northern Pacific's Toppenish depot is now the Northern Pacific Railway Museum -- http://www.nprymuseum.org
* [[Toppenish, Washington]], 1911<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pw2.netcom.com/~whstlpnk/toppenish.html|title=Authority for Expenditure 34-1911|access-date=2011-06-13}}</ref> The Northern Pacific's Toppenish depot is now the [[Northern Pacific Railway Museum]]
* Trident, Montana, (built 1909, moved to [[Three Forks, Montana]], July 27, 2011, for rehabilitation into a museum)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/article_b7356e8e-80b9-11df-85c4-001cc4c03286.html|title=Trident Train Depot Spared Demolition|last=Russell|first=Lauren|date=June 26, 2010|accessdate=2011-06-13}}</ref>
* Trident, Montana, 1909, moved to [[Three Forks, Montana]], July 27, 2011, for rehabilitation into a museum)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/article_b7356e8e-80b9-11df-85c4-001cc4c03286.html|title=Trident Train Depot Spared Demolition|last=Russell|first=Lauren|date=June 26, 2010|access-date=2011-06-13}}</ref>
* [[Wallace, Idaho]], (built 1902)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wallace-id.com/depotday.html|title=Depot Day 2011 in Historic Wallace, Idaho.|accessdate=2011-06-13}}</ref>
* [[Wallace, Idaho]], 1902<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wallace-id.com/depotday.html|title=Depot Day 2011 in Historic Wallace, Idaho.|access-date=2011-06-13}}</ref>
* [[Yakima, Washington]], circa 1912: The Northern Pacific built at least three depots in Yakima. The first when they began construction across [[Stampede Pass]] circa 1884, the second, larger wood structure in 1901 was alleged to have a clock tower, and the final depot in a style similar to that in nearby Ellensburg, Washington, circa 1912. The last was likely the Reed and Stem design. Another noted architect -- [[Cass Gilbert]], designed the 1901 depot. This structure was later relocated to another part of town, and converted into an apartment building. As of 2010, it was still standing in Yakima, minus the clock tower. Because the Northern Pacific never installed clocks in a tower, instead they used their large Monad trademark (the ying-yang), adopted by the road in 1896. In addition to the 1901 depot at Yakima, Gilbert also designed the Northern Pacific's depots at [[Little Falls, Minnesota]], [[Bismarck, North Dakota]], and [[Fargo, North Dakota]].
* [[Yakima, Washington]], {{circa|1912}}: The Northern Pacific built at least three depots in Yakima. The first when they began construction across [[Stampede Pass]] c. 1884, the second, larger wood structure in 1901 was alleged to have a clock tower, and the final depot in a style similar to that in nearby Ellensburg, Washington, c. 1912. The last was likely the Reed and Stem design. Another noted architect -- [[Cass Gilbert]], designed the 1901 depot. This structure was later relocated to another part of town, and converted into an apartment building. As of 2010, it was still standing in Yakima, minus the clock tower. Because the Northern Pacific never installed clocks in a tower, instead they used their large Monad trademark (the ying-yang), adopted by the road in 1896. In addition to the 1901 depot at Yakima, Gilbert also designed the Northern Pacific's depots at [[Little Falls, Minnesota]], [[Bismarck, North Dakota]], and [[Fargo, North Dakota]].


Several of their works are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. These are (with attribution):
Several of their works are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. These are (with attribution):
*One or more works in [[Commercial District (Livingston, Montana)|Commercial District]], Roughly bounded by Park, C, Clark, 3rd, and Callendar Sts. [[Livingston, MT]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*One or more works in [[Commercial District (Livingston, Montana)|Commercial District]], Roughly bounded by Park, C, Clark, 3rd, and Callendar Sts. [[Livingston, Montana]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Fort Yellowstone]], Mammoth Hot Springs, WY; Norris, WY; Gardiner, MT, near Buffalo Lake, ID [[Mammoth Hot Springs, WY]] (Reed and Stem, Reamer, Robert), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Fort Yellowstone]], Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyoming; Norris, Wyoming; Gardiner, Montana, near Buffalo Lake, Idaho [[Mammoth Hot Springs, WY]] (Reed and Stem, Reamer, Robert), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Grand Central Terminal]], 71--105 E. 42nd St. [[New York, NY]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Grand Central Terminal]], 71–105 E. 42nd St. [[New York, New York]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Grand Central Terminal (Boundary Increase: Park Avenue Viaduct)]], 71-105 E. 42nd St., Park Ave. between E. 40th and E. 42nd Sts. [[New York, NY]] (Reed & Stern), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Grand Central Terminal (Boundary Increase: Park Avenue Viaduct)]], 71-105 E. 42nd St., Park Ave. between E. 40th and E. 42nd Sts. [[New York, New York]] (Reed & Stern), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*One or more works in [[Helena Railroad Depot Historic District]], Roughly bounded by Railroad/Helena Aves., Gallatin St., N. Sanders St. and N. Harris St. [[Helena, MT]] (Reed, Charles A.), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*One or more works in [[Helena Railroad Depot Historic District]], Roughly bounded by Railroad/Helena Aves., Gallatin St., N. Sanders St. and N. Harris St. [[Helena, Montana]] (Reed, Charles A.), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[King Street Station]], 3rd St., S. and S. King St. [[Seattle, WA]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[King Street Station]], 3rd St., S. and S. King St. [[Seattle, Washington]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Morris Park Station]], under Espalanade at Bogart and Colden Ave. and Hone Ave. [[Bronx, NY]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Morris Park (IRT Dyre Avenue Line)|Morris Park Station]], under Espalanade at Bogart and Colden Ave. and Hone Ave. [[Bronx, New York]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Northern Pacific Railroad Depot (Missoula, Montana)|Northern Pacific Railroad Depot]], Railroad and Higgins Ave. [[Missoula, MT]] (Stem & Reed), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Northern Pacific Railroad Depot (Missoula, Montana)|Northern Pacific Railroad Depot]], Railroad and Higgins Ave. [[Missoula, Montana]] (Stem & Reed), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Northern Pacific Railway Depot (Bismarck, North Dakota)|Northern Pacific Railway Depot]], 410 E. Main Ave. [[Bismarck, ND]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Northern Pacific Railway Depot (Bismarck, North Dakota)|Northern Pacific Railway Depot]], 410 E. Main Ave. [[Bismarck, North Dakota]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Northern Pacific Railway Passenger Depot (Ellensburg, Washington)|Northern Pacific Railway Passenger Depot]], 606 W. Third St. [[Ellensburg, WA]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Ellensburg station|Northern Pacific Railway Passenger Depot]], 606 W. Third St. [[Ellensburg, Washington]] (Reed & Stem), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Forest Lodge Library]], 13450 Cty Hwy M [[Cable, WI]] (Stem, Allen H.), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[Forest Lodge Library]], 13450 Cty Hwy M [[Cable, Wisconsin]] (Stem, Allen H.), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[New York, Westchester and Boston Railroad Administration Building]], 481 Morris Park Ave. [[New York, NY]] (Stem,Allen H.), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>
*[[New York, Westchester and Boston Railroad Administration Building]], 481 Morris Park Ave. [[New York, New York]] (Stem, Allen H.), NRHP-listed<ref name=nris/>

==Notes and references==
{{reflist|1}}

⚫
* '''Cone, Rufus L., and Dick, James C.''' Electronic mail, June 14, 2011. Dr. Cone is author of several articles on the history of the Northern Pacific Railway for the Northern Pacific Railway Historical Association's quarterly '' The Mainstreeter.'' James C. Dick is volunteer archivist for the Northern Pacific Railway Historical Association Archives in St. Paul, Minn.

⚫
* '''Malby, Andy.''' ''Moving Day.'' Belgrade [Mont.] ''News.'' Web page http://www.belgrade-news.com/news/collection_59a6bc88-ba00-11e0-8081-001cc4c002e0.html. Accessed August 15, 2011. (Covers moving of Trident, Mont., depot to Three Forks, Mont., for use as a museum.)

⚫
* '''Nixon, Jeanne.''' ''Missoula Tour: The NP Depot.'' Web page http://www.storylinetrains.com/tourdepot.html. Accessed June 15, 2011.


==References==
⚫
* '''No author.''' ''Cass Gilbert Society Northern Pacific Railway Depot - Yakima.'' Web page http://www.cassgilbertsociety.org/works/nprr-yakima/. Accessed June 14, 2011.
{{Reflist}}


==Sources==
* '''No author.''' ''Helena As She Was - Transportation via Rail.'' Web page http://www.helenahistory.org/transportation_railroad.htm. Accessed June 15, 2011.
⚫
* Cone, Rufus L., and Dick, James C. Electronic mail, June 14, 2011. Dr. Cone is author of several articles on the history of the Northern Pacific Railway for the Northern Pacific Railway Historical Association's quarterly ''The Mainstreeter.'' James C. Dick is volunteer archivist for the Northern Pacific Railway Historical Association Archives in St. Paul, Minn.
⚫
* [http://www.belgrade-news.com/news/collection_59a6bc88-ba00-11e0-8081-001cc4c002e0.html Malby, Andy. ''Moving Day.'' Belgrade, Montana ''News.''] Accessed August 15, 2011. (Covers moving of Trident, Mont., depot to Three Forks, Mont., for use as a museum.)
⚫
* [http://www.storylinetrains.com/tourdepot.html Nixon, Jeanne. ''Missoula Tour: The NP Depot.''] Accessed June 15, 2011.
⚫
* [http://www.cassgilbertsociety.org/works/nprr-yakima ''Cass Gilbert Society Northern Pacific Railway Depot - Yakima.'' ] Accessed June 14, 2011.
* [http://www.helenahistory.org/transportation_railroad.htm ''Helena As She Was - Transportation via Rail.''] Accessed June 15, 2011.
* [http://museums.goritzville.com/depot.php. ''NP Railroad Depot Museum.''] Accessed June 14, 2011.


{{Authority control}}
* '''No author.''' ''NP Railroad Depot Museum.'' Web page http://museums.goritzville.com/depot.php. Accessed June 14, 2011.


{{DEFAULTSORT:Reed And Stem}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reed And Stem}}
[[Category:Reed and Stem buildings|*]]
[[Category:Reed and Stem buildings|*]]
[[Category:Architecture firms based in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Architecture firms based in Minnesota]]
[[Category:NRHP architects]]
[[Category:American railway architects]]

Latest revision as of 13:18, 30 May 2023

Grand Central Terminal (1913), New York City, designed with Beaux-Arts architecture
Wulling Hall (Medical Hall), Minneapolis, Minnesota
King Street Station, Seattle, Washington

Reed and Stem (present-day WASA Studio) is an American architectural and engineering firm. The firm was founded in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1891 as a partnership between Charles A. Reed (1858–1911) and Allen H. Stem (1856–1931), the successful partnership captured a wide range of commissions. The firm was reformed as Wank Adams Slavin Associates in 1961, and adopted the name WASA Studio in 2004.

History

[edit]

One early work was Medical Hall on the campus of the University of Minnesota. They were, however, most widely known for their work on railway stations over the course of two decades. Through Reed's relationship, by marriage, to the president of the New York Central Railroad, they gained a high-profile commission for the construction of New York's Grand Central Terminal with the architecture firm of Warren and Wetmore, and the newly hired Alfred T. Fellheimer as lead architect. In addition, Reed and Stem undertook many significant projects for the Great Northern Railway and the Northern Pacific Railway. After Reed's death, Stem continued to practice with Fellheimer until his retirement in 1920.[1]

Michigan Central Station, Detroit, Michigan

The firm moved from Minnesota to New York after being selected to design Grand Central Terminal.[2]

The Reed and Stem papers held by the Northwest Architectural Archives, in the Elmer L. Andersen Library, at the University of Minnesota constitute only a small portion of their output. Eight unique commissions are listed, and represent a sample of the firm's experience in non-railroad related commission work, namely residences and commercial buildings.[1]

The firm was reformed as Wank Adams Slavin Associates in 1961, and adopted the name WASA Studio in 2004.[2][3] The firm's office is located on Broadway.[2][3] In 2015, the firm—which had millions of dollars in debt and was facing several lawsuits from previous former clients—filed for bankruptcy and was granted chapter 11 protection from creditors.[3]

Major commissions

[edit]

The firm "has worked on more than 100 train stations ... along with college campus buildings and corporate parks."[2]

Work with the Northern Pacific Railway

[edit]

During the tenure of President Howard Elliott (1903–1912), the Northern Pacific Railway Company engaged in the upgrading of numerous depots across its system, from Minnesota to Washington. Many of these depots bear common architectural stamps, and are likely to be Reed and Stem designs. There is also the possibility the designs for smaller stations were drawn up by the Northern Pacific's Engineering Department, based on the design elements of Reed and Stem. In addition to the major works, such as the Tacoma Union Station and the former Montana Division Headquarters at Livingston, Montana, these lesser structures like Ellensburg, Washington, probably include:

Northern Pacific Railway depot overview, Ellensburg, Washington
Northern Pacific Railway depot overview, Helena, Montana, circa 1904
Northern Pacific Railway depot, Staples, Minnesota

Several of their works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These are (with attribution):

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Reed and Stem papers". Northwest Architectural Archives, Manuscripts Division, University of Minnesota Libraries. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Katy Stech, Manhattan Architecture Firm WASA Studio Files for Bankruptcy, Wall Street Journal (July 28, 2015).
  3. ^ a b c Christopher DeSantis, New York Firm WASA Studio Files for Bankruptcy, Contract Magazine (July 31, 2015).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  5. ^ Schwantes, Carlos (1993). Railroad Signatures across the Pacific Northwest. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 226. ISBN 0-295-97535-0.
  6. ^ Turkel, Stanley (May 23, 2017). Built to Last 100+ Year-Old Hotels West of the Mississippi. AuthorHouse. pp. 170–. ISBN 978-1-5246-7421-2.
  7. ^ Schwantes, Carlos (1993). Railroad Signatures across the Pacific Northwest. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 117. ISBN 0-295-97535-0.
  8. ^ "National Register, University of Minnesota Heritage Trail, University of Minnesota". Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
  9. ^ Dunlap, David W. (December 18, 2012). "When Trade Shows Were Both Central and Grand". New York Times. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  10. ^ "Sandpoint Train Station: About the Station". Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  11. ^ "Authority for Expenditure 34-1911". Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  12. ^ Russell, Lauren (June 26, 2010). "Trident Train Depot Spared Demolition". Retrieved 2011-06-13.
  13. ^ "Depot Day 2011 in Historic Wallace, Idaho". Retrieved 2011-06-13.

Sources

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