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{{Short description|Species of fly}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Fly June 2008-2.jpg
| image = Fly June 2008-2.jpg
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| genus = Pseudolynchia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| species = canariensis
| display_parents = 3
| ordo = [[Fly|Diptera]]
| authority = ([[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1839)<ref name="Macquart1839">{{cite book |last1=Macquart |first1=Pierre-Justin-Marie |title=Diptères, In Webb, P.B. & Berthelot, S., Histoire naturelle des Iles Canaries. Tome deuxieme. Deuxieme partie. Contenant la Zoologie. [Entomologie.] |date=1839 |publisher=Bethune |location=Paris |pages=97–119 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128816#page/531/mode/1up |access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref>
| zoosectio = [[Schizophora]]
| synonyms =*''Lynchia simillima'' <small>[[Paul Gustav Eduard Speiser|Speiser]], 1904</small><ref name="Speiser1904">{{cite journal |last1=Speiser |first1=P. |title=Studien über Hippobosciden. II |journal=Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova |date=1904 |volume=41 |pages=332–350}}</ref>
| zoosubsectio = [[Calyptratae]]
⚫
*''Olfersia canariensis'' <small>[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1839</small><ref name="Macquart1839"/>
| superfamilia = [[Hippoboscoidea]]
*''Olfersia capensis'' <small>[[Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot|Bigot]], 1885</small><ref name="Bigot1885">{{cite journal |last1=Bigot |first1=Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot |title=Diptères nouveaux ou peu connus. 27e partie(1). XXXV: Famille des Anomalocerati (mihi) a??µ???—?e?a?. (Coriacae, Pupipara, Nycteribidae. auctor) |journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de France |date=1885 |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=225–246 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10171719#page/231/mode/1up |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
| familia = [[Hippoboscidae]]
*''Olfersia exornata'' <small>[[Paul Gustav Eduard Speiser|Speiser]], 1900</small><ref name="Speiser1900">{{cite journal |last1=Speiser |first1=P. |title=Studien über Hippobosciden |journal=Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova. |date=1900 |volume=40 |pages=553–562}}</ref>
| subfamilia = [[Ornithomyinae]]
*''Olfersia falcinelli'' <small>[[Camillo Rondani|Rondani]], 1879</small><ref name="Rondani1879">{{cite journal |last1=Rondani |first1=C. |title=Hippoboscita Italica in familias et genera distributa |journal=Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana |date=1879 |volume=11 |pages=3–28 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10362900#page/13/mode/1up |access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref>
⚫
| genus = ''[[Pseudolynchia]]''
⚫
*''Olfersia lividicolor'' <small>[[Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot|Bigot]], 1885</small><ref name="Bigot1885"/>
| species = '''''P. canariensis'''''
*''Olfersia maura'' <small>[[Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot|Bigot]], 1885</small><ref name="Bigot1885"/>
| binomial = ''Pseudolynchia canariensis''
*''Olfersia rufipes'' <small>[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1848</small><ref name="Macquart1848b">{{cite journal |last1=Macquart |first1=Pierre-Justin-Marie |title=Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Suite du 2.me supplement. [=Suppl. 3] (2) |journal=Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Agric. Arts, Lille |date=1848 |volume=1847 |issue=2 |pages=161-237, 7 pls}}</ref>
| binomial_authority = ([[Justin Pierre Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1839)
*''Olfersia testacea'' <small>[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1844</small><ref name="Macquart1844a">{{cite book |last1=Macquart |first1=P.J.M. |title=Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome deuxième.—3e partie. "1843" |date=1844 |publisher=Roret |location=Paris |pages=304}}</ref>
⚫
| synonyms = *''Olfersia canariensis'' <small>[[Justin Pierre Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1839</small>
⚫
*''Olfersia maura'' <small>[[Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot|Bigot]], 1885</small>
}}
}}

'''''Pseudolynchia canariensis''''', the '''pigeon louse fly''' or '''pigeon fly''', is a species of biting [[fly]] in the family of louse flies, [[Hippoboscidae]].<ref name="Dick06">{{Cite journal| author = Dick, C. W.| year = 2006| title = Checklist of World Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea).| journal = | place = Chicago| publisher = Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History| volume = | issue = | pages = 1–7pp| issn =}}</ref>
'''''Pseudolynchia canariensis''''', the '''pigeon louse fly''' or '''pigeon fly''', is a species of biting [[fly]] in the family of louse flies, [[Hippoboscidae]].<ref name="Dick06">{{Cite journal| author = Dick, C. W.| year = 2006| title = Checklist of World Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea).| place = Chicago| publisher = Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History| pages = 1–7pp}}</ref>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
They are found in most parts of the (sub-)tropical world where domestic pigeons are kept. Known from wild hosts in Continental [[Africa]], [[Mediterranean]] Sub-region, [[Afghanistan]], [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Nepal]], [[Thailand]], [[Taiwan]], [[Ryukyu Islands]], The [[Philippines]], [[Malay Peninsula|Malaya]], and [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Maa69">{{Cite journal| author = Maa,T. C.| year = 1969| title = A Revised Checklist and Concise Host Index of Hippoboscidae (Diptera)| journal = [[Pacific Insects Monograph]] | place = Honolulu| publisher = Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii| volume = 20| issue =| pages = 261–299pp}}</ref>
''Pseudolynchia canariensis'' are species-specific (Columbidae) obligate ectoparasites potentially found in many parts of world where domestic pigeons are kept. Known from wild or feral hosts in continental [[Africa]], the [[Mediterranean]] Sub-region, [[Afghanistan]], [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Nepal]], [[Thailand]], [[Taiwan]], [[Ryukyu Islands]], the [[Philippines]], [[Malay Peninsula|Malaya]], and [[Indonesia]], as well as [[North America]] and [[South America]] in warmer latitudes.<ref name="Maa69">{{Cite journal| author = Maa, T. C.| year = 1969| title = A Revised Checklist and Concise Host Index of Hippoboscidae (Diptera)| journal = [[Pacific Insects Monograph]] | place = Honolulu| publisher = Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii| volume = 20| pages = 261–299pp}}</ref>


==Hosts==
==Hosts==
The only wild hosts are Pigeons and Doves ([[Columbidae]]). In domestic settings they have been recorded from 33 genera, 13 families, 8 orders of birds.<ref name="Maa69"/>
In 1931, G. Robert Coatney conducted an experiment to determine if pigeon louse flies would bite humans and survive on human blood and he found they could not. The only wild hosts are pigeons and doves ([[Columbidae]]). In domestic settings they have been recorded from 33 genera, 13 families and 8 orders of birds.<ref name="Maa69"/>


==Disease vector==
==Disease vector==
''Pseudolynchia canariensis'' is the [[definitive host]] (sexual reproduction takes place in the insect vector) for the protozoan ''[[Haemoproteus columbae]]'' or pigeon malaria and transmits this parasite to Columbiformes. This parasite can be fatal to young rock pigeons in extremely infected birds.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Oosthuizen|first1=J. H.|last2=Markus|first2=Miles B.|date=1972-01-01|title=Pathogenicity of Haemoproteus columbae|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|language=en|volume=66|issue=1|pages=186–187|doi=10.1016/0035-9203(72)90072-7|issn=0035-9203|pmid=4625895}}</ref> However, more often, ''H. columbae'' is quite benign and an experimental study found no difference in experimentally infected birds and those in the surrounding population when followed from nestlings through young adults and monitored for survival.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Knutie|first1=Sarah A.|last2=Waite|first2=Jessica L.|last3=Clayton|first3=Dale H.|date=2013-01-01|title=Does avian malaria reduce fledging success: an experimental test of the selection hypothesis|journal=Evolutionary Ecology|language=en|volume=27|issue=1|pages=185–191|doi=10.1007/s10682-012-9578-y|s2cid=14609832 |issn=1573-8477}}</ref> The global distribution of ''H. columbae'' described in rock pigeons may provide evidence for the wide range of ''P. canariensis.''
''P. canariensis'' is the intermediate host for the protozoan ''[[Haemoproteus columbae]]'' or pigeon malaria. This parasite can be fatal to young Pigeons.


[[Ischnocera]]n lice are often found on several hippoboscid flies. This is a [[phoretic]] association and the lice do not feed on the flies.
[[Ischnocera]]n lice are often found on several hippoboscid flies. This is a [[phoretic]] association, meaning the lice catch a ride on the flies to move between bird hosts, and the lice do not feed on the flies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Harbison|first1=Christopher W.|last2=Jacobsen|first2=Matthew V.|last3=Clayton|first3=Dale H.|date=2009-04-01|title=A hitchhiker's guide to parasite transmission: The phoretic behaviour of feather lice|journal=International Journal for Parasitology|volume=39|issue=5|pages=569–575|doi=10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.09.014|pmid=19038259|issn=0020-7519}}</ref>


Pigeon flies themselves are commonly infested with [[Hyperparasite|hyperparasitic]] [[Mite|mites]] such as ''[[Myialges anchora]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Moradi Faradonbeh |first1=Majid |last2=Ostovan |first2=Hadi |last3=M. OConnor |first3=Barry |last4=Gheibi |first4=Mehdi |last5=Joharchi |first5=Omid |last6=Macchioni |first6=Fabio |date=2019-01-15 |title=Promyialges italicus sp. nov. (Astigmata: Epidermoptidae) with redescriptions of mites of the families Epidermoptidae and Cheyletidae (Prostigmata) associated with Pseudolynchia canariensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from Iran and Italy |url=https://doi.org/10.22073/pja.v8i1.41265 |journal=Persian Journal of Acarology |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.22073/pja.v8i1.41265}}</ref>
Pigeon flies themselves are commonly infested with a mite ''[[Myialges anchora]]''.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1420213}}


[[Category:Parasites of birds]]
[[Category:Parasites of birds]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1839]]
[[Category:Parasitic flies]]
[[Category:Hippoboscidae]]
[[Category:Hippoboscidae]]
⚫
[[Category:Diptera of Europe]]
⚫
[[Category:Diptera of Africa]]
[[Category:Diptera of Asia]]
[[Category:Diptera of Asia]]
⚫
[[Category:Diptera of Europe]]
⚫
[[Category:Diptera of Australasia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1839]]


{{Hippoboscoidea-stub}}

{{Diptera-stub}}
{{Parasite-insect-stub}}
{{parasite-stub}}

Latest revision as of 13:22, 10 July 2024

Pseudolynchia canariensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Hippoboscidae
Subfamily: Ornithomyinae
Genus: Pseudolynchia
Species:
P. canariensis
Binomial name
Pseudolynchia canariensis
(Macquart, 1839)[1]
Synonyms

Pseudolynchia canariensis, the pigeon louse fly or pigeon fly, is a species of biting fly in the family of louse flies, Hippoboscidae.[8]

Distribution

[edit]

Pseudolynchia canariensis are species-specific (Columbidae) obligate ectoparasites potentially found in many parts of world where domestic pigeons are kept. Known from wild or feral hosts in continental Africa, the Mediterranean Sub-region, Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Thailand, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, the Philippines, Malaya, and Indonesia, as well as North America and South America in warmer latitudes.[9]

Hosts

[edit]

In 1931, G. Robert Coatney conducted an experiment to determine if pigeon louse flies would bite humans and survive on human blood and he found they could not. The only wild hosts are pigeons and doves (Columbidae). In domestic settings they have been recorded from 33 genera, 13 families and 8 orders of birds.[9]

Disease vector

[edit]

Pseudolynchia canariensis is the definitive host (sexual reproduction takes place in the insect vector) for the protozoan Haemoproteus columbae or pigeon malaria and transmits this parasite to Columbiformes. This parasite can be fatal to young rock pigeons in extremely infected birds.[10] However, more often, H. columbae is quite benign and an experimental study found no difference in experimentally infected birds and those in the surrounding population when followed from nestlings through young adults and monitored for survival.[11] The global distribution of H. columbae described in rock pigeons may provide evidence for the wide range of P. canariensis.

Ischnoceran lice are often found on several hippoboscid flies. This is a phoretic association, meaning the lice catch a ride on the flies to move between bird hosts, and the lice do not feed on the flies.[12]

Pigeon flies themselves are commonly infested with hyperparasitic mites such as Myialges anchora.[13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Macquart, Pierre-Justin-Marie (1839). Diptères, In Webb, P.B. & Berthelot, S., Histoire naturelle des Iles Canaries. Tome deuxieme. Deuxieme partie. Contenant la Zoologie. [Entomologie.]. Paris: Bethune. pp. 97–119. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  2. ^ Speiser, P. (1904). "Studien über Hippobosciden. II". Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova. 41: 332–350.
  3. ^ a b c Bigot, Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot (1885). "Diptères nouveaux ou peu connus. 27e partie(1). XXXV: Famille des Anomalocerati (mihi) a??µ???—?e?a?. (Coriacae, Pupipara, Nycteribidae. auctor)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 5 (6): 225–246. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  4. ^ Speiser, P. (1900). "Studien über Hippobosciden". Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova. 40: 553–562.
  5. ^ Rondani, C. (1879). "Hippoboscita Italica in familias et genera distributa". Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana. 11: 3–28. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  6. ^ Macquart, Pierre-Justin-Marie (1848). "Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Suite du 2.me supplement. [=Suppl. 3] (2)". Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Agric. Arts, Lille. 1847 (2): 161–237, 7 pls.
  7. ^ Macquart, P.J.M. (1844). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome deuxième.—3e partie. "1843". Paris: Roret. p. 304.
  8. ^ Dick, C. W. (2006). "Checklist of World Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea)". Chicago: Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History: 1–7pp. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ a b Maa, T. C. (1969). "A Revised Checklist and Concise Host Index of Hippoboscidae (Diptera)". Pacific Insects Monograph. 20. Honolulu: Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii: 261–299pp.
  10. ^ Oosthuizen, J. H.; Markus, Miles B. (1972-01-01). "Pathogenicity of Haemoproteus columbae". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 66 (1): 186–187. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(72)90072-7. ISSN 0035-9203. PMID 4625895.
  11. ^ Knutie, Sarah A.; Waite, Jessica L.; Clayton, Dale H. (2013-01-01). "Does avian malaria reduce fledging success: an experimental test of the selection hypothesis". Evolutionary Ecology. 27 (1): 185–191. doi:10.1007/s10682-012-9578-y. ISSN 1573-8477. S2CID 14609832.
  12. ^ Harbison, Christopher W.; Jacobsen, Matthew V.; Clayton, Dale H. (2009-04-01). "A hitchhiker's guide to parasite transmission: The phoretic behaviour of feather lice". International Journal for Parasitology. 39 (5): 569–575. doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.09.014. ISSN 0020-7519. PMID 19038259.
  13. ^ Moradi Faradonbeh, Majid; Ostovan, Hadi; M. OConnor, Barry; Gheibi, Mehdi; Joharchi, Omid; Macchioni, Fabio (2019-01-15). "Promyialges italicus sp. nov. (Astigmata: Epidermoptidae) with redescriptions of mites of the families Epidermoptidae and Cheyletidae (Prostigmata) associated with Pseudolynchia canariensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from Iran and Italy". Persian Journal of Acarology. 8 (1). doi:10.22073/pja.v8i1.41265.
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