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Coordinates: 39°17′26.5″N 76°36′44.7″W / 39.290694°N 76.612417°W / 39.290694; -76.612417
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{{Short description|Monument in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.}}
{{other uses|Battle Monument (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses|Battle Monument (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox NRHP | name =Battle Monument
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Battle Monument
| nrhp_type =
| nrhp_type =
| image = Battle Monument MD1.jpg
| image = Battle Monument MD1.jpg
| caption = Battle Monument, Baltimore, October 2011
| caption = Battle Monument, Baltimore, October 2011
| location= Calvert St. between Fayette and Lexington Sts., [[Baltimore, Maryland]]
| location = Calvert St. between Fayette and Lexington Sts., [[Baltimore, Maryland]]
| coordinates = {{coord|39|17|26.5|N|76|36|44.7|W|display=inline,title}}
| lat_degrees = 39
| locmapin = United States Baltimore#Maryland#USA
| lat_minutes = 17
| built = {{Start date|1815}}
| lat_seconds = 26
| architect = Godefroy, J. Maximillian M.; Capellano, Antonio (crowning statue sculpture)
| lat_direction = N
| architecture =
| long_degrees = 76
| added = June 4, 1973
| long_minutes = 36
| area = {{convert|1|acre}}
| long_seconds = 45
| refnum = 73002181<ref name="nris">{{NRISref |refnum=73002181|version=2010a}}</ref>
| long_direction = W
| designated_other1 = BCL
| locmapin = United States Baltimore
| designated_other1_abbr = BCL
| area =
| designated_other1_date = 1975
| built =1815
| architect= Godefroy, J. Maximillian M.; Capellano, Antonio (crowning statue sculpture)
| architecture=
| added = June 4, 1973
| governing_body = Local
| refnum=73002181
<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2008a}}</ref>
}}
}}


The '''Battle Monument''', located in '''Battle Monument Square''' on [[Calvert Street (Baltimore)|North Calvert Street]] between [[Fayette Street (Baltimore)|East Fayette]] and [[List of streets in Baltimore#Lexington Street|East Lexington]] Streets in [[Baltimore, Maryland]], commemorates the [[Battle of Baltimore]] with the British fleet's bombardment of [[Fort McHenry]], the [[Battle of North Point]], southeast of the city in [[Baltimore County]] on the Patapsco Neck peninsula and the stand-off on the eastern siege fortifications along Loudenschlager's Hill, later Hampstead Hill, in what is now [[Patterson Park]], east of town. It honors those who died during the month of September 1814 during the [[War of 1812]]. The monument lies in the middle of the street and is between the two [[Baltimore City Circuit Courthouses]] that are located on the opposite sides of Calvert Street. It was sponsored by the City and the "Committee of Vigilance and Safety" led by Mayor [[Edward Johnson (mayor)|Edward Johnson]] and military commanders: Brig. Gen. [[John Stricker]], Maj. Gen. [[Samuel Smith (Maryland)|Samuel Smith]] and Lt. Col. [[George Armistead]] (of [[Ft. McHenry]]).
The '''Battle Monument''', located in '''Battle Monument Square''' on [[Calvert Street (Baltimore)|North Calvert Street]] between [[Fayette Street (Baltimore)|East Fayette]] and [[List of streets in Baltimore#Lexington Street|East Lexington]] Streets in [[Baltimore, Maryland]], commemorates the [[Battle of Baltimore]], with the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] fleet of the [[Royal Navy]]'s bombardment of [[Fort McHenry]], the [[Battle of North Point]], southeast of the city in [[Baltimore County]] on the Patapsco Neck peninsula, and the stand-off on the eastern siege fortifications along Loudenschlager and Potter's Hills, later called Hampstead Hill, in what is now [[Patterson Park]] since 1827, east of town.


It honors those who died in September 1814, during the [[War of 1812]]. The monument lies in the middle of the street and is between the two [[Baltimore City Circuit Courthouses]] that are located on the opposite sides of North Calvert Street. It was sponsored by the City and the "Committee of Vigilance and Safety" led by Mayor [[Edward Johnson (mayor)|Edward Johnson]] and military commanders: Brig. Gen. [[John Stricker]], Maj. Gen. [[Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)|Samuel Smith]] and Lt. Col. [[George Armistead]] (of [[Fort McHenry]]).
The site of the former first Baltimore County and Town/City Courthouse (torn down in 1809) was originally designated as the location for the newly planned [[Washington Monument (Baltimore)|Washington Monument]]. Designed by [[Robert Mills (architect)|Robert Mills]], the cornerstone of the Washington Monument had just been laid on the 4th of July, 1815. But fears that the designed shaft of the column would be too tall for the smaller open space of the old Courthouse Square, and might fall over onto nearby close-in townhouses, caused a change in location.<ref>{{cite book|title=Maryland History In Prints 1743-1900|author=Laura Rich|page=46}}</ref> The monument site for the nation's first president was moved further north of the city into "Howard's Woods" of the "Belvedere" estate of Col. [[John Eager Howard]] (1752-1827).


==Construction==
The monument, designed by Baltimore architect [[Maximilian Godefroy|J. Maximilian M. Godefroy]] (sculptor to the Court of Spain) and built in 1815-25, is 39 feet tall and is unusual in having an [[Egyptian Revival]] [[cenotaph]] base which suggests a tomb.<ref name="dorsey">Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., ''Guide to Baltimore Architecture'' (1997) p. 145-146. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland ISBN 0-87033-477-8</ref> The eighteen layers of the [[marble]] base represent the eighteen states that made up the United States at the time of the war. A [[griffin]] is at each corner of the base. The column, carved as a Roman [[fasces]], is bound with cords listing the names of soldiers who died during the battle, while the names of officers who died are at the top.<ref name="mht">
The site of the former first Baltimore County and Town/City Courthouse, torn down in 1809, was originally designated as the location for the newly planned [[Washington Monument (Baltimore)|Washington Monument]]. Designed by [[Robert Mills (architect)|Robert Mills]] (1781–1855), the cornerstone of the Washington Monument for Baltimore had just been laid on [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]], July 4, 1815. Fears that the designed shaft of the column would be too tall for the smaller open space of the old Courthouse Square, and might fall over onto nearby close-in townhouses, caused a last-minute change in location.<ref>{{cite book|title=Maryland History In Prints 1743-1900|author=Laura Rich|page=46}}</ref> The monument site for the nation's first president was moved further north of the city into "Howard's Woods" of the "Belvindere" estate of Col. [[John Eager Howard]] (1752–1827).
{{cite web|url=http://mht.maryland.gov/nr/NRDetail.aspx?NRID=174&COUNTY=Baltimore%20City&FROM=NRCountyList.aspx|title=Battle Monument|publisher=[[Maryland Historical Trust]] |accessdate=2008-10-29}}</ref>


[[File:1846 view of Battle Monument.jpg|alt=1846 Battle Monument|left|thumb|The Battle Monument in 1846.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghostsofbaltimore.org/2015/10/12/incredible-1846-photo-of-battle-monument/|title=Incredible 1846 Photo of Battle Monument|last=Tom|date=2015-10-12|website=Ghosts of Baltimore|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-24}}</ref>]]
The monument is topped by a 8 feet tall 2,750 pound [[Carrara marble]] statue by Antonio Capellano of a female figure representing the City of Baltimore that wears a crown of victory and holds a [[laurel wreath]] in one hand and a ship's [[rudder]] in the other. It was hoisted to the top of the column during the middle of the period of construction on the eighth anniversary ceremonies, [[Defenders Day]], September 12, 1822.<ref name="dorsey"/> [[Colloquialism|Colloquially]] called '''''Lady Baltimore''''', the statue was relocated to the [[Maryland Historical Society]] on October 5, 2013 in order to preserve it from further damage caused by time and nature. It was replaced by a [[concrete]] [[replica]].<ref>[http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-lady-baltimore-20131005,0,2246633.story Walker, Andrea K. "Lady Baltimore moves into its new home," ''The Baltimore Sun'', Saturday, October 5, 2013.]</ref> The monument is the oldest stone monument and first public war memorial in the United States. <ref>http://www.stevetatti.com/featured-projects/</ref>
The monument was built in 1815–25, and is 39 feet (11.9 m) tall. It was designed by Baltimore architect [[Maximilian Godefroy|J. Maximilian M. Godefroy]], sculptor to the Court of Spain. The base of the monument is an [[Egyptian Revival]] [[cenotaph]]. It is an unusually democratic monument for the time in that it records the names of all who died, regardless of rank.<ref name="dorsey">Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., ''Guide to Baltimore Architecture'' (1997) p. 145-146. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland {{ISBN|0-87033-477-8}}</ref> The eighteen layers of the [[marble]] base represent the eighteen states that made up the United States at the time of the war. A [[griffin]] is at each corner of the base. The column, carved as a Roman [[fasces]], is bound with cords listing the names of soldiers who died during the battle, while the names of officers who died are at the top.<ref name="mht_ihp">{{cite web|url=https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-172.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Battle Monument|date=September 1972|access-date=2016-03-01 |author=Joyce Mcclay and Catharine Black|publisher=Maryland Historical Trust}}</ref>


==Female statue==
The monument is depicted on the [[Seal of Baltimore, Maryland|seal of the City of Baltimore]] that was adopted in 1827 and the [[Flag of Baltimore, Maryland|city's flag]] adopted in the early 20th century.
The monument is topped by an 8 feet tall 2,750 pound [[Carrara marble]] statue by Antonio Capellano, of a female figure representing the City of Baltimore wearing a crown of victory, holding a [[laurel wreath]] in one hand and a ship's [[rudder]] in the other. It was hoisted to the top of the column during the middle of the period of construction on the eighth anniversary ceremonies, [[Defenders Day (Maryland)|Defenders Day]], September 12, 1822.<ref name="dorsey" />


[[Colloquialism|Colloquially]] called '''''Lady Baltimore''''', the statue was relocated to the [[Maryland Historical Society]] on October 5, 2013, in order to preserve it from further damage caused by time and nature. It was replaced by a [[concrete]] [[replica]].<ref>[http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-lady-baltimore-20131005,0,2246633.story Walker, Andrea K. "Lady Baltimore moves into its new home," ''The Baltimore Sun'', Saturday, October 5, 2013.]</ref> The monument is the oldest stone monument and first public war memorial in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stevetatti.com/featured-projects/|title=Projects}}</ref>
The monument is erroneously depicted as being in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the film ''[[Live Free or Die Hard]]'' starring [[Bruce Willis]], which had numerous scenes actually filmed in downtown Baltimore.


==Seal of Baltimore==
The Battle Monument was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on June 4, 1973.<ref name="nris"/> It is contained within the [[Business and Government Historic District]] and is within the [[Baltimore National Heritage Area]].<ref name="balto1">{{cite web | url=http://www.baltimorecity.gov/Portals/0/agencies/heritage/public%20downloads/neighborhoods_heritageareas.pdf | title=Baltimore National Heritage Area Map | publisher=City of Baltimore | accessdate=March 11, 2012}}</ref>
The monument is depicted on the [[Seal of Baltimore, Maryland|seal of the City of Baltimore]] that was adopted in 1827 and the [[Flag of Baltimore, Maryland|city's flag]] adopted in the early 20th century.<gallery>
File:Seal of Baltimore, Maryland.svg|Seal of the City of Baltimore with the Column.
File:Flag of Baltimore, Maryland.svg|Baltimore City's flag with the column.
</gallery>

==Depictions in film==
The monument is erroneously depicted as being in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the 2007 film ''[[Live Free or Die Hard]]'' starring [[Bruce Willis]], which had numerous scenes actually filmed in downtown Baltimore.

==Inclusion in heritage registries==
The Battle Monument was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on June 4, 1973.<ref name="nris" /> It is contained within the [[Business and Government Historic District]] and is within the [[Baltimore National Heritage Area]].<ref name="balto1">{{cite web |url=http://www.baltimorecity.gov/Portals/0/agencies/heritage/public%20downloads/neighborhoods_heritageareas.pdf |title=Baltimore National Heritage Area Map |publisher=City of Baltimore |access-date=March 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522024255/http://www.baltimorecity.gov/Portals/0/agencies/heritage/public%20downloads/neighborhoods_heritageareas.pdf |archive-date=May 22, 2013}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{commons category}}
{{Commons category|Battle Monument}}
* [[Egyptian revival]]
* [[Egyptian revival]]
* [[List of public art in Baltimore]]
* [[List of public art in Baltimore]]
* [[Washington Monument (Baltimore)]]
* [[Washington Monument (Baltimore)]]
* [[Flag of Baltimore]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://mht.maryland.gov/nr/NRDetail.aspx?NRID=174&COUNTY=Baltimore%20City&FROM=NRCountyList.aspx Battle Monument, Baltimore], including photo in 1985, at Maryland Historical Trust website
*{{MHT url|id=174|title=Battle Monument, Baltimore}}, including photo in 1985, at Maryland Historical Trust website
*{{HABS |survey=MD-1126 |id=md1573 |title=Monument Square, North Calvert Street between Fayette & Lexington Streets, Baltimore, Independent City, MD |photos=12 |color=3 |data=29 |cap=2}}
*{{HABS |survey=MD-1126 |id=md1573 |title=Monument Square, North Calvert Street between Fayette & Lexington Streets, Baltimore, Independent City, MD |photos=12 |color=3 |data=29 |cap=2}}
*{{HABS |survey=MD-185 |id=md0081 |title=Battle Monument, Calvert Street, Baltimore, Independent City, MD |photos=5 |data=12 |link=no}}
*{{HABS |survey=MD-185 |id=md0081 |title=Battle Monument, Calvert Street, Baltimore, Independent City, MD |photos=5 |data=12 |link=no}}
* [http://explore.baltimoreheritage.org/items/show/2 Battle Monument] at Explore Baltimore Heritage
* [http://explore.baltimoreheritage.org/items/show/2 Battle Monument] at Explore Baltimore Heritage
* [http://monumentcity.org/2009/02/20/battle-monument-baltimore-md/ Battle Monument]: On Monument City
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100529180347/http://monumentcity.org/2009/02/20/battle-monument-baltimore-md/ Battle Monument]: On Monument City
* [https://ghostsofbaltimore.org/2015/10/12/incredible-1846-photo-of-battle-monument/ Incredible 1846 Photo of Battle Monument] - Ghosts of Baltimore blog
* {{gsvlink|URL=http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=battle+monument+baltimore&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=33.710275,61.699219&ie=UTF8&hq=Battle+Monument&hnear=Battle+Monument&ll=39.29658,-76.612473&spn=0,359.939747&z=14&layer=c&cbll=39.29055,-76.612367&panoid=PcF29ywIegS6D8NH_ISreg&cbp=12,325.14,,0,-14.55}}


{{National Register of Historic Places in Maryland}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in Maryland}}
{{Streets in Baltimore}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore, Maryland]]
[[Category:1825 establishments in Maryland]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1825]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1825]]
[[Category:1820s in Baltimore]]
[[Category:1822 sculptures]]
[[Category:Baltimore National Heritage Area]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore]]
[[Category:Downtown Baltimore]]
[[Category:Downtown Baltimore]]
[[Category:Egyptian Revival architecture in the United States]]
[[Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in Baltimore]]
[[Category:Maximilian Godefroy buildings]]
[[Category:Maximilian Godefroy buildings]]
[[Category:Baltimore National Heritage Area]]
[[Category:Outdoor sculptures in Baltimore]]
[[Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland]]
[[Category:Baltimore City Landmarks]]
[[Category:Statues of women in the United States]]

Latest revision as of 07:46, 19 October 2024

Battle Monument
Battle Monument, Baltimore, October 2011
Battle Monument is located in Baltimore
Battle Monument
Battle Monument is located in Maryland
Battle Monument
Battle Monument is located in the United States
Battle Monument
LocationCalvert St. between Fayette and Lexington Sts., Baltimore, Maryland
Coordinates39°17′26.5″N 76°36′44.7″W / 39.290694°N 76.612417°W / 39.290694; -76.612417
Area1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built1815 (1815)
ArchitectGodefroy, J. Maximillian M.; Capellano, Antonio (crowning statue sculpture)
NRHP reference No.73002181[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJune 4, 1973
Designated BCL1975

The Battle Monument, located in Battle Monument Square on North Calvert Street between East Fayette and East Lexington Streets in Baltimore, Maryland, commemorates the Battle of Baltimore, with the British fleet of the Royal Navy's bombardment of Fort McHenry, the Battle of North Point, southeast of the city in Baltimore County on the Patapsco Neck peninsula, and the stand-off on the eastern siege fortifications along Loudenschlager and Potter's Hills, later called Hampstead Hill, in what is now Patterson Park since 1827, east of town.

It honors those who died in September 1814, during the War of 1812. The monument lies in the middle of the street and is between the two Baltimore City Circuit Courthouses that are located on the opposite sides of North Calvert Street. It was sponsored by the City and the "Committee of Vigilance and Safety" led by Mayor Edward Johnson and military commanders: Brig. Gen. John Stricker, Maj. Gen. Samuel Smith and Lt. Col. George Armistead (of Fort McHenry).

Construction

[edit]

The site of the former first Baltimore County and Town/City Courthouse, torn down in 1809, was originally designated as the location for the newly planned Washington Monument. Designed by Robert Mills (1781–1855), the cornerstone of the Washington Monument for Baltimore had just been laid on Independence Day, July 4, 1815. Fears that the designed shaft of the column would be too tall for the smaller open space of the old Courthouse Square, and might fall over onto nearby close-in townhouses, caused a last-minute change in location.[2] The monument site for the nation's first president was moved further north of the city into "Howard's Woods" of the "Belvindere" estate of Col. John Eager Howard (1752–1827).

1846 Battle Monument
The Battle Monument in 1846.[3]

The monument was built in 1815–25, and is 39 feet (11.9 m) tall. It was designed by Baltimore architect J. Maximilian M. Godefroy, sculptor to the Court of Spain. The base of the monument is an Egyptian Revival cenotaph. It is an unusually democratic monument for the time in that it records the names of all who died, regardless of rank.[4] The eighteen layers of the marble base represent the eighteen states that made up the United States at the time of the war. A griffin is at each corner of the base. The column, carved as a Roman fasces, is bound with cords listing the names of soldiers who died during the battle, while the names of officers who died are at the top.[5]

Female statue

[edit]

The monument is topped by an 8 feet tall 2,750 pound Carrara marble statue by Antonio Capellano, of a female figure representing the City of Baltimore wearing a crown of victory, holding a laurel wreath in one hand and a ship's rudder in the other. It was hoisted to the top of the column during the middle of the period of construction on the eighth anniversary ceremonies, Defenders Day, September 12, 1822.[4]

Colloquially called Lady Baltimore, the statue was relocated to the Maryland Historical Society on October 5, 2013, in order to preserve it from further damage caused by time and nature. It was replaced by a concrete replica.[6] The monument is the oldest stone monument and first public war memorial in the United States.[7]

Seal of Baltimore

[edit]

The monument is depicted on the seal of the City of Baltimore that was adopted in 1827 and the city's flag adopted in the early 20th century.

Depictions in film

[edit]

The monument is erroneously depicted as being in Washington, D.C. in the 2007 film Live Free or Die Hard starring Bruce Willis, which had numerous scenes actually filmed in downtown Baltimore.

Inclusion in heritage registries

[edit]

The Battle Monument was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 4, 1973.[1] It is contained within the Business and Government Historic District and is within the Baltimore National Heritage Area.[8]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System – (#73002181)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ Laura Rich. Maryland History In Prints 1743-1900. p. 46.
  3. ^ Tom (2015-10-12). "Incredible 1846 Photo of Battle Monument". Ghosts of Baltimore. Retrieved 2019-02-24.
  4. ^ a b Dorsey, John & Dilts, James D., Guide to Baltimore Architecture (1997) p. 145-146. Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, Maryland ISBN 0-87033-477-8
  5. ^ Joyce Mcclay and Catharine Black (September 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Battle Monument" (PDF). Maryland Historical Trust. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
  6. ^ Walker, Andrea K. "Lady Baltimore moves into its new home," The Baltimore Sun, Saturday, October 5, 2013.
  7. ^ "Projects".
  8. ^ "Baltimore National Heritage Area Map" (PDF). City of Baltimore. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 22, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
[edit]