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{{Short description|2014 book by Naomi Murakawa}} |
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|name = The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America |
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|author = Naomi Murakawa |
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|country = [[United States]] |
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|published = 11 August 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=The First Civil Right|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-first-civil-right-9780199892808?cc=us&lang=en#|website=Oxford University Press|accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref> |
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|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |
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|pages = 280 |
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|isbn = 9780199892808 |
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'''''The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America''''' is a 2014 non-fiction book by [[Political science|political scientist]] [[Naomi Murakawa]], a professor of [[African-American studies|African American studies]] at [[Princeton University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.princeton.edu/africanamericanstudies/people/faculty/naomi-murakawa/|title=Naomi Murakawa|website=Center for African American Studies, Princeton University|accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref> It addresses causes of the rapid increase in [[Incarceration in the United States|U.S. incarceration rates]] since the 1970s and of [[Race in the United States criminal justice system|racial inequality in the U.S. prison system]]. Specifically, it traces the roles of [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] politicians, particularly national-level [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]], in shaping racially unequal incarceration policies. For the book, Murakawa received the [[Michael Harrington|Michael Harrington Book Award]] by the [[Caucus for a New Political Science|New Political Science section]] of the [[American Political Science Association|APSA]] in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://healthpolicyscholars.org/news/2015-09-09/naomi-murakawa-receives-michael-harrington-book-award|title=Naomi Murakawa receives Michael Harrington Book Award|website=Robert Wood Johnson Foundation|accessdate=9 March 2016}}</ref> |
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'''''The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America''''' is a 2014 non-fiction book by Naomi Murakawa. The book discusses [[Incarceration in the United States|U.S. incarceration rates]], [[Race in the United States criminal justice system|racial inequality in the U.S. prison system]], and the role of [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] politicians (specifically [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]) in contributing to inequalities there. |
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Murakawa's approach specifically "discounts intentions, recognizing that racial power is not necessarily exerted by will."<ref name=osterweil>{{cite news|last1=Osterweil|first1=Willie|title=How White Liberals Used Civil Rights to Create More Prisons|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/193977/how-white-liberals-used-civil-rights-create-more-prisons|accessdate=7 February 2015|work=The Nation|date=6 January 2015}}</ref> Instead the book investigates differing forms of [[racism]] and how they have functionally influenced the U.S. [[prison]] system.<ref name=osterweil/> |
Murakawa's approach specifically "discounts intentions, recognizing that racial power is not necessarily exerted by will."<ref name=osterweil>{{cite news|last1=Osterweil|first1=Willie|title=How White Liberals Used Civil Rights to Create More Prisons|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/193977/how-white-liberals-used-civil-rights-create-more-prisons|accessdate=7 February 2015|work=The Nation|date=6 January 2015}}</ref> Instead the book investigates differing forms of [[racism]] and how they have functionally influenced the U.S. [[prison]] system.<ref name=osterweil/> |
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According to Murakawa, Democratic efforts to professionalize the U.S. justice system in response to racial bias effectively contributed to that |
According to Murakawa, Democratic efforts to professionalize the U.S. justice system in response to racial bias in policing effectively contributed to that racially discriminatory policing and imprisonment practices. Examples discussed include the [[Boggs Act of 1952]] and the [[Narcotic Control Act of 1956]] which both created [[mandatory sentencing]], a policy that would entail racial inequality during the [[War on Drugs]].<ref name=russell>{{cite news|last1=Russell|first1=Thadeus|title=Did Liberals Put Black America Behind Bars? (Opinion)|url=http://www.newsweek.com/did-liberals-put-black-america-behind-bars-297096|accessdate=7 February 2015|work=Newsweek|issue=6 January 2015}}</ref> More recently, [[Bill Clinton]]'s 1994 Omnibus Crime Bill, which was heavily supported by [[Joe Biden]], expanded the [[Capital punishment in the United States|federal death penalty]] and minimum sentencing, which has been disproportionately applied to racial minorities. Minimum sentencing and drug laws have also significantly increased incarceration rates for nonviolent offenders.<ref name=goldstein/><ref name=russell/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Konczal|first1=Mike|last2=Covert|first2=Bryce|title=The Score: Why Prisons Thrive Even When Budgets Shrink|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/181747/score-why-prisons-thrive-even-when-budgets-shrink|accessdate=7 February 2015|work=The Nation|date=24 September 2014}}</ref> |
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Murakawa notes that the term "the first civil right" was first used in the [[Harry Truman|Truman]] administration to refer to the right to be protected from violence, specifically black protection from white supremacist violence, but the term was later popularized by [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] to implicitly mean protection of white people from black people.<ref name=goldstein>{{cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Dana|title=Blame Liberals|url=https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/01/15/blame-liberals|accessdate=7 February 2015|work=The Marshall Project|date=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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Murakawa is an associate professor at the Center for African American Studies at [[Princeton University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Naomi Murakawa|url=https://www.princeton.edu/africanamericanstudies/people/faculty/naomi-murakawa/|website=Center for African American Studies, Princeton University|accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref> |
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==External links== |
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* {{YouTube | id= pyHeroT6uv4 | title= Interview with Murakawa}}, from ''[[Laura Flanders|The Laura Flanders Show]]'', December 2015 |
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* ''[http://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/Radio.html#S150101 Behind the News]'' interview with [[Doug Henwood]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:First Civil Right, The}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:First Civil Right, The}} |
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[[Category:Oxford University Press books]] |
[[Category:Oxford University Press books]] |
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[[Category:2014 books]] |
[[Category:2014 non-fiction books]] |
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[[Category:Non-fiction books about racism]] |
[[Category:Non-fiction books about racism]] |
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[[Category:Books about politics of the United States]] |
[[Category:Books about politics of the United States]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:31, 2 May 2024
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| Author | Naomi Murakawa |
|---|---|
| Published | 11 August 2014[1] |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press |
| Publication place | United States |
| Pages | 280 |
| ISBN | 9780199892808 |
The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America is a 2014 non-fiction book by political scientist Naomi Murakawa, a professor of African American studies at Princeton University.[2] It addresses causes of the rapid increase in U.S. incarceration rates since the 1970s and of racial inequality in the U.S. prison system. Specifically, it traces the roles of liberal politicians, particularly national-level Democrats, in shaping racially unequal incarceration policies. For the book, Murakawa received the Michael Harrington Book Award by the New Political Science section of the APSA in 2015.[3]
Murakawa's approach specifically "discounts intentions, recognizing that racial power is not necessarily exerted by will."[4] Instead the book investigates differing forms of racism and how they have functionally influenced the U.S. prison system.[4]
According to Murakawa, Democratic efforts to professionalize the U.S. justice system in response to racial bias in policing effectively contributed to that racially discriminatory policing and imprisonment practices. Examples discussed include the Boggs Act of 1952 and the Narcotic Control Act of 1956 which both created mandatory sentencing, a policy that would entail racial inequality during the War on Drugs.[5] More recently, Bill Clinton's 1994 Omnibus Crime Bill, which was heavily supported by Joe Biden, expanded the federal death penalty and minimum sentencing, which has been disproportionately applied to racial minorities. Minimum sentencing and drug laws have also significantly increased incarceration rates for nonviolent offenders.[6][5][7]
Murakawa notes that the term "the first civil right" was first used in the Truman administration to refer to the right to be protected from violence, specifically black protection from white supremacist violence, but the term was later popularized by Nixon to implicitly mean protection of white people from black people.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ "The First Civil Right". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
- ^ "Naomi Murakawa". Center for African American Studies, Princeton University. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
- ^ "Naomi Murakawa receives Michael Harrington Book Award". Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
- ^ a b Osterweil, Willie (6 January 2015). "How White Liberals Used Civil Rights to Create More Prisons". The Nation. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
- ^ a b Russell, Thadeus. "Did Liberals Put Black America Behind Bars? (Opinion)". Newsweek. No. 6 January 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
- ^ a b Goldstein, Dana (15 January 2015). "Blame Liberals". The Marshall Project. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
- ^ Konczal, Mike; Covert, Bryce (24 September 2014). "The Score: Why Prisons Thrive Even When Budgets Shrink". The Nation. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
External links
[edit]- Interview with Murakawa on YouTube, from The Laura Flanders Show, December 2015
- Behind the News interview with Doug Henwood