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{{short description|Canned food brand}}
{{Infobox company |
{{Infobox company
name = Libby's|
| name = Libby's
logo = [[File:Libbys logo.svg|200px|Libby's logo]]|
| former_names = Libby, McNeill & Libby
type = |
| logo = File:Libby's (logo, flag).svg
slogan = |
| logo_caption = Logo used since 1994
foundation = 1869 |
| logo_size = 200
⚫
location = [[Chicago, Illinois]] |
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
⚫
key_people = |
| fate = Acquired by [[Nestlé]] in 1970
⚫
num_employees = |
| foundation = {{start date and age|1869}}
industry = [[Foods]] |
| founder = Archibald McNeill <br> Arthur Libby<br> Charles Libby
⚫
products = [[Canning|Canned food]] |
⚫
| location = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
homepage = [http://www.libbys.com Libbys.com]<br>[http://www.conagrafoods.com/consumer/brands/brand_info.jsp?cookietest=true&page=libbys ConAgra]<br>[http://www.ilovelibbys.com NTC Marketing]<br>[http://www.nestleusa.com/Brands/Baking/Libbys-Pumpkin.aspx Nestlé]<br>[http://libbysinternational.com/ Seneca Foods]<br>[http://libbysnectars.com/ Tequesta Foods ]|
⚫
| key_people =
⚫
| num_employees =
| industry = [[food industry|Food]]
| owner = Libby Brand Holding (trademark owner)
| parent = [[Nestlé]]
| subsid = Libby Brand Holding [[ConAgra]]
| brands =
⚫
| products = [[Canning|Canned food and beverages]] [[Frozen foods]]
| homepage = {{url|https://libbys.com/|libbys.com}}
}}
}}
'''Libby's''' ('''Libby, McNeill & Libby''') was an American company that produced [[canning|canned food and beverages]]. The firm was established in 1869 in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. The Libby's trademark is currently owned by Libby's Brand Holding based in [[Geneva, Switzerland]], and is licensed to several companies around the world (including [[Nestlé]]<ref>[https://www.nestleprofessional.us/food/libbys-pumpkin Libby's] on Nestlé Professional</ref> and [[Conagra Brands]]<ref>[https://www.conagrafoodservice.com/products/libbys Libby's] on Conagra Food Service</ref>).
⚫
[[File:Libby McNeill & Libby Corned Beef 1898.jpg|thumb|1898 advertisement showing the trapezoidal can of Libby, McNeill & Libby's canned corned beef]]
'''Libby's''' is a [[United States|U.S.]]-based food company known for its [[canning|canned food]].


==History==
== History ==
[[File:First libby plant.jpg|thumb|left|Libby's first plant in Chicago]]
The company was founded as '''Libby, McNeill & Libby''' in [[Chicago, Illinois]], by Archibald McNeill and the brothers Arthur and Charles Libby. The business began with a canned meat product, beef in brine, or [[corned beef]]. It became well-known when it began to package the meat in a trapezoid-shaped can starting in 1875.<ref>http://www.conagrafoods.com/consumer/brands/brand_info.jsp?cookietest=true&page=libbys ConAgra history</ref>
The company was founded as "Libby, McNeill & Libby" in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], by Archibald McNeill and the brothers Arthur and Charles Libby.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Andreas |first=Alfred Theodore |title=History of Chicago: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time ... |publisher=A. T. Andreas |year=1886 |location=Chicago |pages=757 |language=en}}</ref> The business began with a canned meat product, beef in brine, or [[corned beef]]. The company started small and later began experimenting with the preservation of ox, beef, and pork tongues.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wade |first=Louise Carroll |title=Chicago's Pride: The Stockyards, Packingtown, and Environs in the Nineteenth Century |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-252-07132-4 |location=Urbana, IL |pages=103 |language=en}}</ref> The product became well-known when the company began to package the meat in a [[trapezoid]]-shaped can starting in 1875.<ref>{{cite web| title=150 Years of Canned History| url=https://libbys.com/libbys-history/| website=Libby's Brand Holding| access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> By 1880, it had 1,500 employees in Chicago.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Libby, McNeill, & Libby |url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2751.html |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Chicago]] |date=15 October 2004 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |editor1-first=James R. |editor1-last=Grossman |editor2-first=Ann Durkin |editor2-last=Keating |editor3-first=Janice L. |editor3-last=Reiff |isbn=978-0226310152}}</ref> In 1918, William F. Burrows was recorded as the company's chairman.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Greg H. |title=The United States Merchant Marine in World War I: Ships, Crews, Shipbuilders and Operators |publisher=McFarland |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4766-6703-4 |location=Jefferson, NC |pages=177 |language=en}}</ref>


{{multiple image
By 1880, it had 1,500 employees in Chicago,<ref>http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2751.html Encyclopedia of Chigago history</ref> and by the turn of the century there were about 2,000 employed,<ref>http://library.buffalo.edu/libraries/exhibits/panam/food/libbys1.html 1901 promotional material</ref> by which time it had expanded to the canning of fruits and vegetables. Libby's came under the control of [[Swift & Company]] in the 1920s but later became independent again. One of the best known executives of Libby's was [[Charles Scott Bridges]] who in 1947 was made a director of the company and in 1953 became Libby's president and chief executive officer. Libby's expanded and modernized during his presidency, including extensive production of frozen foods.
|align =
|direction =
|total_width = 270
|image1 = Libby McNeill & Libby Corned Beef 1898.jpg
⚫
|caption1 = 1898 advertisement showing the trapezoidal can of corned beef
|image2 = Libby's Pork and Beans ad, 1905.jpg
|caption2 = Libby's Pork and Beans ad, 1905
|footer =
}}
⚫
By the middle of the 1930s, Libby's had about 9,000 employees only in the Chicago area. Its annual sales surpassed $100 million during the 1940s. Before and after World War II, Libby's had canning operations outside the United States in Belgium and France, at Leer in northern Germany, and in the United Kingdom.


Libby, McNeill & Libby was acquired by [[Nestlé]] in 1970.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1985/09/26/libby-leaving-chicago/ |title=Libby leaving Chicago |first=Charles |last=Storch |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=26 September 1985 |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> In the 1970s, "Libbyland"-branded frozen dinners were marketed towards children, using a mascot called "Libby the Kid".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jason|date=2012-03-05|title=Gone But Not Forgotten Groceries: From the Frozen Foods Dept.: Libbyland Dinners|url=http://gbnfgroceries.blogspot.com/2012/03/from-frozen-foods-dept-libbyland.html|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Gone But Not Forgotten Groceries}}</ref>
By 1960 Libby's had 9,000 employees and annual revenues of $296 million, and ranked 154th in size among U.S. corporations.


Nestlé introduced [[Juicy Juice]] in 1977, and it was branded under Libby's name. In 2006, Nestlé began to market Juicy Juice. In 2014, the Juicy Juice brand and business was sold by Nestlé to Harvest Hill Beverage Company, a portfolio company of [[Brynwood Partners]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.bevnet.com/news/2014/nestle-usa-unloads-stake-in-juicy-juice |title= Nestlé USA unloads stake in Juicy Juice |first=Max |last=Rothman |journal=BevNET |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/07/02/nestl-agrees-to-sell-juicy-juice-brand-to-brynwood-partners/ |title=Nestlé to sell Juicy Juice brand to Brynwood Partners |first=Chad |last=Bray |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
⚫
In the 1970s, Libby's had a successful television advertising campaign featuring their jingle, "When it says Libby's Libby's Libby's on the label, label, label, you will like it, like it, like it, on your table, table, table.".<ref>[http://foodchronicles.blogspot.com/2005/10/libbys-libbys-libbys.html]</ref>


In 1982, Libby's canned vegetable business was acquired by S. S. Pierce Company (now [[Seneca Foods]]) and its canned fruits business was acquired by California Canners and Growers (Cal Can).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/11/business/libby-to-sell-canning-business.html |title=Libby to Sell Canning Business |work=The New York Times |date=11 March 1982 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/12/business/libby-says-it-will-sell-its-canning-operations.html |title=Libby says it will sell its canning operations |date=12 December 1981 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> In 1984, Cal Can merged with Tri-Valley Growers. In 2000, Tri-Valley Growers went bankrupt and the bulk of its operations, including the rights to the Libby's canned fruit business, was acquired by Signature Fruit LLC in 2001.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tri-Valley Growers sold off in pieces |url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Tri-Valley-Growers-Sold-Off-in-Pieces-Del-Monte-2962377.php |first=Peter |last=Sinton |newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=19 January 2001 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> In 2006, Seneca Foods acquired Signature Fruit.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://rbj.net/2006/07/28/seneca-foods-aims-to-buy-calif-firm/ |title=Seneca Foods aims to buy Calif. firm |first=Janice |last=Pieterse |newspaper=[[American City Business Journals|Rochester Business Journal]] |date=28 July 2006 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
===Acquisition===
Libby, McNeill & Libby was acquired by [[Nestlé]] in 1976.<ref>[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10713FC395915768FDDAF0A94DA405B868BF1D3 Nestle and Unit In U.S. Set Deal To Acquire Libby]</ref>


In 1982, Libby's canned vegetable business was acquired by S.S. Pierce (now [[Seneca Foods]]) and its canned fruits business was acquired by California Canners and Growers; Seneca later acquired the canned fruit business<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/11/business/libby-to-sell-canning-business.html Libby to Sell Canning Business]</ref><ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=icAcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=n34EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6723,562219 Libby To Sell Fruit, Vegetable Businesses In US]</ref> Niagara Trading Company acquired a license for the Libby's name on canned pineapple in 1983.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/24/business/niagara-trading.html Niagara Trading]</ref><ref>[http://www.senecafoods.com/Company/history.shtml Seneca's History]</ref> [[ConAgra Foods|ConAgra]] acquired the canned meats division in 1998. Libby's nectars was acquired by Tequesta Foods in 2010. Corlib Brand Holding is the current owner of the Libby's trademark.<ref>http://www.babymilkaction.org/press/press19april06.html</ref>
Niagara Trading Company (now NTC Marketing, Inc.) acquired a long-term license for the Libby's name for canned pineapple and juices in 1983.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/24/business/niagara-trading.html |title=Niagara Trading |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 September 1983}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.senecafoods.com/Company/history.shtml |title=Our Company: Seneca's History |website=Seneca Foods |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007221846/http://www.senecafoods.com/Company/history.shtml |archive-date=7 October 2013}}</ref>


In 1998, Libby's canned meat business was sold by Nestlé to [[International Home Foods]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foodonline.com/doc/international-home-foods-to-acquire-libbys-ca-0001|title=International Home Foods to Libby's canned meat products|work=Food Online|date=22 July 1998|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> In 2000, International Home Foods was acquired by [[ConAgra]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jun-24-fi-44271-story.html |title=ConAgra to buy International Home Foods |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=24 June 2000 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>
NTC Marketing acquired the Libby's licenses for pineapple & tropical fruits in 1983 and juices in 2009. NTC Marketing is based in [[Buffalo, NY]].<ref>http://www.ilovelibbys.com/about-us/</ref>


In 2006, Nestlé sold the Libby's trademark to a Swiss entity that became known as "Libby Brand Holding".
⚫
Before and after World War II, Libby's had canning operations outside the United States in Belgium and France, at Leer in northern Germany, and in the UnIted Kingdom.


⚫
In November 2009, Libby's announced that because of poor weather on its [[Illinois]] pumpkin farms and a depleted back stock, a canned pumpkin shortage was likely as Thanksgiving approached. Libby's accounts for the vast majority of canned pumpkin production in the United States, and the shortfall prompted Libby's to establish farms in multiple states as a hedge against another mass shortage like the one that happened in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |last=Severson |first=Kim |title=Libby's Warns of a Canned Pumpkin Shortage |url=http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/libbys-warns-of-a-canned-pumpkin-shortage/ |work=The New York Times |date=November 17, 2009}}</ref>
Libby's UK operations were based in Milnthorpe, Cumbria, a decision mainly driven by the significant dairy farming community in the South Lakes area, who supplied Libby's with milk, the basic ingredient of [[evaporated milk]] that was the mainstay of the factory's operations. The factory went on to make tinned rice pudding, tomato ketchup and fruit juice, both canned and bottled. The Milnthorpe factory had its own R&D labs and eventually the plant produced Libby's Orange 'c', a best seller even though it was berated by a national newspaper for its high water content. Orange 'c' is still on sale today under the Libby's brand. The Milnthorpe operation gradually declined, following acquisition by Nestlé, who moved production to various other Nestlé plants in the UK, prior to closure of the Milnthorpe factory.


In 2010, Walton & Post, Inc. acquired a long-term license for the Libby's trademark for several items, including nectars, creamers, and prepared meals.
Libby's in the [[United Kingdom]] does not sell canned foods. They instead sell fruit juice.


In 2015, Peaty Mills plc. acquired the Libby’s trademark license for preserved foods in the UK, Ireland and Portugal with the exceptions of corned beef, pumpkin and fruit juices. The trademark license for fruit juice in the UK is held by Refresco.
Libby's trademark in [[Canary Islands]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] is owned by Establecimientos Industriales Archipiélago S.A.<ref>[http://www.eiarchipielago.es/ LIBBYS. zumo, vitaplus, nectar, naranja, piña, melocoton, platano, zanahoria, tomate, catchup. ketchup, canarias, guayaba, fresa, manzana, sin azucar, fruta, dieta, canarias, tenerife, las palmas, leche, salud, multifruta, mango, albaricoque, tropica...<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> just for [[Canary Islands]], they sell fruit juices, catsup sauce and apple soda.


Libby's trademark in [[Canary Islands]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] is licensed to Establecimientos Industriales Archipiélago S.A.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuestra Historia |url=https://libbys.es/nuestra-historia |trans-title=Our History |language=es |website= Establishments Industriales Archipiélago, SA |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>
Libby's also owned [[Juicy Juice]]; they sold it to [[Nestlé]] in the 2000s.


== Advertising ==
===2009 Canned Pumpkin Shortage===
[[File:Libbys logo.svg|thumb|right|Isolated wordmark used since 1994]]
⚫
In November 2009, Libby's announced that due to poor weather in the [[Midwestern]] United States (where it grows its pumpkins) and a depleted back stock, a canned pumpkin shortage was likely as Thanksgiving approached.<ref>{{ cite web |author=Severson, Kim |title=Libby’s Warns of a Canned Pumpkin Shortage |url=http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/libbys-warns-of-a-canned-pumpkin-shortage/ |work=NYTimes.com |date=November 17, 2009 }}</ref>
⚫
In the 1970s, Libby's had a successful television advertising campaign featuring their jingle, "When it says Libby's Libby's Libby's on the label, label, label, you will like it, like it, like it, on your table, table, table."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Libby's Libby's Libby's |url=http://foodchronicles.blogspot.com/2005/10/libbys-libbys-libbys.html |date=10 October 2005 |journal=Food Chronicles |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>{{better source|date=August 2020}}<ref>{{Citation |title=LIbby's Commercial 1971 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcaIMF_-1J4 |access-date=2023-06-24 |language=en}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{commons category}}
* {{official website}}
* [http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/exhibits/panam/food/libbys1.html 1901 promotional material]
<!-- Per [[WP:ELMINOFFICIAL]], choose one official website only -->
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* [http://www.getbacktothetable.com/ Libby's Fruits and Vegetables - Seneca Foods]
* [http://www.ilovelibbys.com Libby's Tropical Fruits and Juices - NTC Marketing]


{{ConAgra}}
{{ConAgra}}
{{Nestlé}}
{{Nestlé}}


[[Category:Companies based in Chicago, Illinois]]
[[Category:Companies based in Chicago]]
[[Category:Food companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies of the United States]]
[[Category:ConAgra Foods]]
[[Category:Conagra Brands]]
[[Category:Nestlé]]
[[Category:Nestlé]]
[[Category:1869 introductions]]
[[Category:1869 introductions]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Frozen food brands]]

Latest revision as of 15:45, 25 December 2024

Libby's
FormerlyLibby, McNeill & Libby
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryFood
Founded1869; 156 years ago (1869)
FounderArchibald McNeill
Arthur Libby
Charles Libby
FateAcquired by Nestlé in 1970
HeadquartersChicago, Illinois
ProductsCanned food and beverages Frozen foods
OwnerLibby Brand Holding (trademark owner)
ParentNestlé
SubsidiariesLibby Brand Holding ConAgra
Websitelibbys.com

Libby's (Libby, McNeill & Libby) was an American company that produced canned food and beverages. The firm was established in 1869 in Chicago, Illinois. The Libby's trademark is currently owned by Libby's Brand Holding based in Geneva, Switzerland, and is licensed to several companies around the world (including Nestlé[1] and Conagra Brands[2]).

History

[edit]
Libby's first plant in Chicago

The company was founded as "Libby, McNeill & Libby" in Chicago, Illinois, by Archibald McNeill and the brothers Arthur and Charles Libby.[3] The business began with a canned meat product, beef in brine, or corned beef. The company started small and later began experimenting with the preservation of ox, beef, and pork tongues.[4] The product became well-known when the company began to package the meat in a trapezoid-shaped can starting in 1875.[5] By 1880, it had 1,500 employees in Chicago.[6] In 1918, William F. Burrows was recorded as the company's chairman.[7]

1898 advertisement showing the trapezoidal can of corned beef
Libby's Pork and Beans ad, 1905

By the middle of the 1930s, Libby's had about 9,000 employees only in the Chicago area. Its annual sales surpassed $100 million during the 1940s. Before and after World War II, Libby's had canning operations outside the United States in Belgium and France, at Leer in northern Germany, and in the United Kingdom.

Libby, McNeill & Libby was acquired by Nestlé in 1970.[8] In the 1970s, "Libbyland"-branded frozen dinners were marketed towards children, using a mascot called "Libby the Kid".[9]

Nestlé introduced Juicy Juice in 1977, and it was branded under Libby's name. In 2006, Nestlé began to market Juicy Juice. In 2014, the Juicy Juice brand and business was sold by Nestlé to Harvest Hill Beverage Company, a portfolio company of Brynwood Partners.[10][11]

In 1982, Libby's canned vegetable business was acquired by S. S. Pierce Company (now Seneca Foods) and its canned fruits business was acquired by California Canners and Growers (Cal Can).[12][13] In 1984, Cal Can merged with Tri-Valley Growers. In 2000, Tri-Valley Growers went bankrupt and the bulk of its operations, including the rights to the Libby's canned fruit business, was acquired by Signature Fruit LLC in 2001.[14] In 2006, Seneca Foods acquired Signature Fruit.[15]

Niagara Trading Company (now NTC Marketing, Inc.) acquired a long-term license for the Libby's name for canned pineapple and juices in 1983.[16][17]

In 1998, Libby's canned meat business was sold by Nestlé to International Home Foods.[18] In 2000, International Home Foods was acquired by ConAgra.[19]

In 2006, Nestlé sold the Libby's trademark to a Swiss entity that became known as "Libby Brand Holding".

In November 2009, Libby's announced that because of poor weather on its Illinois pumpkin farms and a depleted back stock, a canned pumpkin shortage was likely as Thanksgiving approached. Libby's accounts for the vast majority of canned pumpkin production in the United States, and the shortfall prompted Libby's to establish farms in multiple states as a hedge against another mass shortage like the one that happened in 2009.[20]

In 2010, Walton & Post, Inc. acquired a long-term license for the Libby's trademark for several items, including nectars, creamers, and prepared meals.

In 2015, Peaty Mills plc. acquired the Libby’s trademark license for preserved foods in the UK, Ireland and Portugal with the exceptions of corned beef, pumpkin and fruit juices. The trademark license for fruit juice in the UK is held by Refresco.

Libby's trademark in Canary Islands, Spain and Portugal is licensed to Establecimientos Industriales Archipiélago S.A.[21]

Advertising

[edit]
Isolated wordmark used since 1994

In the 1970s, Libby's had a successful television advertising campaign featuring their jingle, "When it says Libby's Libby's Libby's on the label, label, label, you will like it, like it, like it, on your table, table, table."[22][better source needed][23]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Libby's on Nestlé Professional
  2. ^ Libby's on Conagra Food Service
  3. ^ Andreas, Alfred Theodore (1886). History of Chicago: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time ... Chicago: A. T. Andreas. p. 757.
  4. ^ Wade, Louise Carroll (2002). Chicago's Pride: The Stockyards, Packingtown, and Environs in the Nineteenth Century. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-252-07132-4.
  5. ^ "150 Years of Canned History". Libby's Brand Holding. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  6. ^ Grossman, James R.; Keating, Ann Durkin; Reiff, Janice L., eds. (15 October 2004). "Libby, McNeill, & Libby". Encyclopedia of Chicago. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226310152.
  7. ^ Williams, Greg H. (2017). The United States Merchant Marine in World War I: Ships, Crews, Shipbuilders and Operators. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-4766-6703-4.
  8. ^ Storch, Charles (26 September 1985). "Libby leaving Chicago". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  9. ^ Jason (2012-03-05). "Gone But Not Forgotten Groceries: From the Frozen Foods Dept.: Libbyland Dinners". Gone But Not Forgotten Groceries. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  10. ^ Rothman, Max (2 July 2014). "Nestlé USA unloads stake in Juicy Juice". BevNET. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  11. ^ Bray, Chad (2 July 2014). "Nestlé to sell Juicy Juice brand to Brynwood Partners". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  12. ^ "Libby to Sell Canning Business". The New York Times. 11 March 1982. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  13. ^ "Libby says it will sell its canning operations". The New York Times. 12 December 1981. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  14. ^ Sinton, Peter (19 January 2001). "Tri-Valley Growers sold off in pieces". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  15. ^ Pieterse, Janice (28 July 2006). "Seneca Foods aims to buy Calif. firm". Rochester Business Journal. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  16. ^ "Niagara Trading". The New York Times. Associated Press. 24 September 1983.
  17. ^ "Our Company: Seneca's History". Seneca Foods. Archived from the original on 7 October 2013.
  18. ^ "International Home Foods to Libby's canned meat products". Food Online. 22 July 1998. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  19. ^ "ConAgra to buy International Home Foods". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 24 June 2000. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  20. ^ Severson, Kim (November 17, 2009). "Libby's Warns of a Canned Pumpkin Shortage". The New York Times.
  21. ^ "Nuestra Historia" [Our History]. Establishments Industriales Archipiélago, SA (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  22. ^ "Libby's Libby's Libby's". Food Chronicles. 10 October 2005. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  23. ^ LIbby's Commercial 1971, retrieved 2023-06-24
[edit]
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