Minor Swing (composition): Difference between revisions
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[[File:Minor Swing Django Reinhardt 1937 Swing 78.jpg|thumb|1937 release as a Swing 78]] |
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==Personnel== |
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On the first recording on 25 November 1937, the [[Quintette du Hot Club de France]] consisted of:<ref>{{cite web |title=Django Reinhardt: Minor Swing |last=Murphy |first=Frank |publisher=Jazz.com |url=http://www.jazz.com/music/2007/11/9/django-reinhardt-minor-swing |accessdate=2009-09-10}}</ref> |
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*[[Django Reinhardt]] – [[guitar]] |
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*[[Stéphane Grappelli]] – [[violin]] |
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*Joseph Reinhardt – guitar |
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*Eugene Vees – guitar |
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*[[Louis Vola]] – [[double bass|bass]] |
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| ⚫ | "'''Minor Swing'''" is a [[gypsy jazz]] tune composed by [[Django Reinhardt]] and [[Stéphane Grappelli]]. It was recorded by [[The Quintet of the Hot Club of France]] in 1937. It was recorded five other times throughout Reinhardt's career and is considered to be one of his signature compositions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Django: The Life and Music of a Gypsy Legend |last=Dregni |first=Michael |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press US |isbn=0-19-516752-X |page=[https://archive.org/details/djangolifemusico00dreg/page/n157 138] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/djangolifemusico00dreg }}</ref> |
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==Covers== |
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Notable Covers Include<ref>[http://www.secondhandsongs.com/work/63969 Minor Swing. Second Hand Songs.]</ref> |
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==Structure== |
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*The [[David Grisman]] Quintet |
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Minor Swing is written in the key of A minor. Apart from the brief introduction and final coda or playout, there is no discernable melody, just a repeated sequence of chord changes over which the key players improvise continuously until by some mutual agreement the end is decided and the playout performed. The introduction comprises a set of partial arpeggios over the chords Am/Dm/Am/Dm/Am/Dm/E7, followed by the main changes which are Am/-/Dm/-/E7/-/Am/-/ which are followed by Dm/-/Am/-/E7/-/Am/E7/, then the cycle begins again, until the playout which comprises some set arpeggios following the pattern of the first half of the tune with one repeat. In some modern treatments, the E7 in the middle of the second stanza may be replaced with Bb7 (a [[tritone]] substitution) and/or the second stanza sometimes replaced with a [[cycle of fifths]] based treatment for effect, i.e. Dm7/G7/Cmaj7/Fmaj7/Bø/E7/Am (etc.).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djangobooks.com/blog/analysis-and-breakdown-of-stochelo-rosenbergs-minor-swing-solo-from-live-at-the-north-sea-festival/|title=Analysis and Breakdown of Stochelo Rosenberg's "Minor Swing" Solo from Live at the North Sea Festival - Blog|website=www.djangobooks.com}}</ref> Although the chord changes may appear unremarkable and the entire structure somewhat repetitive, in live performance it is a well known vehicle which permits the soloist or soloists to demonstrate their virtuosity and musical skill for creating interesting melodic and rhythmic excursions over the familiar chord patterns, as well as the opportunity to quote from Django's own recorded melodic inventions over his own tune. |
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*[[Biréli Lagrène]] |
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*Quinteto de Hernan Oliva in 1972 |
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*Jean Bonal in 1974 |
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*Eric McFadden and Stanton Hirsch |
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*[[Mattias Eklundh]] on his ''Freak Guitar:The Road Less Travelled'' album. |
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*[[Rachel Portman]] on the soundtrack for the 2000 film ''[[Chocolat_(2000_film)|Chocolat]]'' |
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*[[Esthero]] also samples the intro throughout her song "Wikked Lil' Grrrls". |
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*The Rosenberg Trio in 1993 |
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*Martin Taylor in 1994 |
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*Angelo Debarre |
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*Potzi Trio |
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*Andy Leftwich (Album: Ride, 2003) |
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*[[Swingrowers]] sample the original to create an [[electro swing]] version in 2012 |
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==Recordings== |
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The discography section of [[Charles Delaunay]]'s Django Reinhardt biography<ref>{{cite book |title=Django Reinhardt |last=Delaunay |first=Charles |year=1981 |publisher=Ashley Mark Publishing Company |isbn=0-9506224-6-X |page=171ff}}</ref> lists the following sessions at which versions of "Minor Swing" were recorded: |
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*Paris, 25 November 1937: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Stéphane Grappelli, violin; Joseph Reinhardt & Eugène Vées, rhythm guitars; Louis Vola, double bass |
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*Paris, March 1947: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Eddie Bernard, piano (French Radio broadcast; as "No Name Blues") |
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*Paris, 29 August 1947: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Maurice Mernier, clarinet; Eugène Vées, rhythm guitar; Emmanuel Soudieux, double bass; André Jourdan, drums |
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*Brussels, December 1948: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Hubert Rostaing, clarinet; Henri "Lousson" Baumgartner, rhythm guitar; Louis Vola, double bass; Arthur Motta, drums |
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*Rome, January/February 1949: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Stéphane Grappelli, violin; Gianni Safred, piano; Carlo Pecori, double bass; Aurelio de Carolis, drums |
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*Rome, April–May 1950: Django Reinhardt, guitar; André Ekyan, clarinet; Raph Schecroun, piano; Alf Masselier, double bass; Roger Paraboschi, drums |
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==References== |
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*1974 Movie ''[[Lacombe, Lucien]]'' |
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*1993 Movie ''[[Arizona Dream]]'' |
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*1999 Movie ''[[The Matrix]]''<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/soundtrack?ref_=tt_trv_snd ''The Matrix'' (1999). Soundtracks. IMDB.]</Ref> |
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*1999 Movie ''[[Metroland (film)|Metroland]]'' |
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*2000 Movie ''[[Chocolat (2000 film)|Chocolat]]''<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0241303/soundtrack?ref_=tt_trv_snd ''Chocolat'' (2000). Soundtracks. IMDB.]</ref> |
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=== Videogames === |
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*2002 Videogame ''[[Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven]]''<ref>[[Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven|''Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven''.]]</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of 1930s jazz standards]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Django Reinhardt}} |
{{Django Reinhardt}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Instrumentals]] |
[[Category:Instrumentals]] |
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[[Category:Swing music]] |
[[Category:Swing music]] |
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[[Category:1937 songs]] |
[[Category:1937 songs]] |
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== External links == |
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcE1avXFJb4 1937 Recording] |
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Latest revision as of 04:19, 1 January 2024
"Minor Swing" is a gypsy jazz tune composed by Django Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli. It was recorded by The Quintet of the Hot Club of France in 1937. It was recorded five other times throughout Reinhardt's career and is considered to be one of his signature compositions.[1]
The composition was first released as a 78 single by Swing in 1937 with Django Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli in the Quintette du Hot Club de France.
Structure
[edit]Minor Swing is written in the key of A minor. Apart from the brief introduction and final coda or playout, there is no discernable melody, just a repeated sequence of chord changes over which the key players improvise continuously until by some mutual agreement the end is decided and the playout performed. The introduction comprises a set of partial arpeggios over the chords Am/Dm/Am/Dm/Am/Dm/E7, followed by the main changes which are Am/-/Dm/-/E7/-/Am/-/ which are followed by Dm/-/Am/-/E7/-/Am/E7/, then the cycle begins again, until the playout which comprises some set arpeggios following the pattern of the first half of the tune with one repeat. In some modern treatments, the E7 in the middle of the second stanza may be replaced with Bb7 (a tritone substitution) and/or the second stanza sometimes replaced with a cycle of fifths based treatment for effect, i.e. Dm7/G7/Cmaj7/Fmaj7/Bø/E7/Am (etc.).[2] Although the chord changes may appear unremarkable and the entire structure somewhat repetitive, in live performance it is a well known vehicle which permits the soloist or soloists to demonstrate their virtuosity and musical skill for creating interesting melodic and rhythmic excursions over the familiar chord patterns, as well as the opportunity to quote from Django's own recorded melodic inventions over his own tune.
Recordings
[edit]The discography section of Charles Delaunay's Django Reinhardt biography[3] lists the following sessions at which versions of "Minor Swing" were recorded:
- Paris, 25 November 1937: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Stéphane Grappelli, violin; Joseph Reinhardt & Eugène Vées, rhythm guitars; Louis Vola, double bass
- Paris, March 1947: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Eddie Bernard, piano (French Radio broadcast; as "No Name Blues")
- Paris, 29 August 1947: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Maurice Mernier, clarinet; Eugène Vées, rhythm guitar; Emmanuel Soudieux, double bass; André Jourdan, drums
- Brussels, December 1948: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Hubert Rostaing, clarinet; Henri "Lousson" Baumgartner, rhythm guitar; Louis Vola, double bass; Arthur Motta, drums
- Rome, January/February 1949: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Stéphane Grappelli, violin; Gianni Safred, piano; Carlo Pecori, double bass; Aurelio de Carolis, drums
- Rome, April–May 1950: Django Reinhardt, guitar; André Ekyan, clarinet; Raph Schecroun, piano; Alf Masselier, double bass; Roger Paraboschi, drums
References
[edit]- ^ Dregni, Michael (2004). Django: The Life and Music of a Gypsy Legend. Oxford University Press US. p. 138. ISBN 0-19-516752-X.
- ^ "Analysis and Breakdown of Stochelo Rosenberg's "Minor Swing" Solo from Live at the North Sea Festival - Blog". www.djangobooks.com.
- ^ Delaunay, Charles (1981). Django Reinhardt. Ashley Mark Publishing Company. p. 171ff. ISBN 0-9506224-6-X.
