Trafford Centre: Difference between revisions

The Trafford Centre
	Trafford Centre, with Trafford Palazzo to the top left
Location	Dumplington, Trafford, Greater Manchester, England
Opening date	10 September 1998; 26 years ago
Previous names	Intu Trafford Centre 2012-2021
Developer	The Peel Group
Management	Savills
Owner	Canada Pension Plan Investment Board
Architect	Chapman Taylor; Leach Rhodes Walker;
No. of stores and services	200
No. of anchor tenants	5 Boots (1998–present) ; Selfridges (1998–present) ; Marks & Spencer (2001–present) ; John Lewis (2005–present) ; Primark (2020–present) ;
Total retail floor area	Retail: 185,000 m2; Leisure: 16,258 m2; Dining: 13,935 m2; Total: 207,000 m2 (2,230,000 sq ft);
No. of floors	3
Parking	11,500
Website	traffordcentre.co.uk

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The Trafford Centre is a large indoor shopping centre and entertainment complex in Urmston, Greater Manchester, England. It opened in 1998 and is third largest in the United Kingdom by retail space.^[12]^[13]

Originally developed by the Peel Group, the Trafford Centre was sold to Capital Shopping Centres, later to become Intu, in 2011 for £1.65 billion;^[14] it set a record as the costliest single property sale in British history.^[15]

The battle to obtain permission to build the centre was amongst the longest and most expensive in United Kingdom planning history.^[4] As of 2011^[update], the Trafford Centre had Europe's largest food court and the UK's busiest cinema.^[1]

History

Genesis

The site was owned by the Manchester Ship Canal Company which John Whittaker's Peel Holdings had been acquiring shares in since 1971.^[16] Manchester City Council also had a stake, but by the mid 1980s Whittaker had a majority control and proposed building an out-of-town shopping centre, and other schemes.^[17]

The council faced a conflict of interest as both a local planning authority and shareholder. Its minority shareholding also no longer gave it any real control over the company. Accordingly, in 1986 it surrendered the right to appoint all but one of the Manchester Ship Canal's directors, and sold its shares to Whittaker for £10 million.^[17]

Manchester City Council opposed Whittaker's proposal for retail development, stating it would impact negatively on the city centre economy, but accepted it was "obviously in the interests of the shareholders".^[17]

The Peel Group submitted a planning application to Trafford Council for development of approximately 300 acres (120 ha) of land in 1986. The application was called in by the Secretary of State for the Environment and legal disputes ensued requiring two public inquiries before planning permission was granted. Objections included congestion fears on the M60 motorway,^[18] and adverse consequences for retailers across Greater Manchester.^[18] Planning permission was granted in 1993^[19] before being blocked by the Court of Appeal,^[19] then reinstated in 1995 by the House of Lords.^[20]^[21]^[22]

Twelve years after being proposed, the Trafford Centre opened on 10 September 1998. Construction had taken 27 months at a cost of £600 million.^[23] The Barton Square and Great Hall extensions opened in 2008, at a combined cost of over £100 million.^[24]

Intu

Peel Group sold the centre to Capital Shopping Centres (CSC) in January 2011 for £1.6 billion, in cash and shares,^[25] and John Whittaker, chairman of Peel Group, became deputy chairman of CSC.^[26] He later claimed he could have sold the centre for over £2 billion if he had been prepared to accept just cash.^[27] Nevertheless the £1.6 billion deal remained the largest property transaction in British history,^[15]^[28] and the biggest European property deal of 2011.^[29]

Capital Shopping Centres was renamed Intu in 2013 and spent £7 million rebranding the "Intu Trafford Centre".^[30]

As of 2017^[update], Intu claimed a fair market value of £2.312 billion for the centre.^[31] However, the firm entered administration in June 2020 and the centre was placed into receivership by its creditors in November 2020.^[32] In 2020, the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, who had loaned Intu £250 million in 2017, exercised their rights as creditors to take ownership of the complex.^[6]

Post Intu

Construction of the Manchester Metrolink's Trafford Park tram line began construction in January 2017. Test trams began in November 2019, and the line opened from Pomona tram stop to intu Trafford Centre on 22 March 2020. intu Trafford Centre tram stop had to be renamed to The Trafford Centre in late 2020 after intu ceased ownership.

Building

Inside the Trafford Centre

Looking up into the main dome

One of the Trafford Centre's three atria

Shops inside the centre

John Whittaker chose a lavish, unorthodox style seeking to avoid the centre rapidly appearing dated and stale, a problem many shopping centres were susceptible to. Although the extravagant Rococo and Baroque design may be viewed as gaudy, he argued the prospect of the shopping centre rapidly ageing was mitigated and long-term less renovation work would be required.^[33]

When we first started the architects said, "you shouldn’t be doing all this and giving it all the razzmatazz and showbiz, leave that to the retailers. Make it plain, make it clinical, make it white and hospitalised and let them do the work". So then we put in the paintings, we put in the real gold leaf, we put artefacts everywhere, paintings. It is the people’s palace. It is something to attract shoppers ... to give them the Dallas effect.
— John Whittaker – chairman of the Peel Group^[34]

The design was a collaboration between the architectural practices of Chapman Taylor and Manchester-based Leach Rhodes Walker. Main contractor was Bovis,^[35] with structural engineering services provided by WSP Group. Such was the size and detailing of the building, architects ended up producing over 3,000 separate shop drawings and the construction process required 24 chartered architects to work on the project full-time to monitor progress.^[4]

Peel Avenue, Regent Crescent, the Dome, and The Orient, comprising the original centre were designed so that visitor flows split equally between their two floors.^[36] The 20-screen Odeon Cinema and other leisure facilities are in the Dome area on the third floor, with the infrastructure for an additional fourth floor built ready during the initial construction.^[34] There was a originally a market-style area at the end of Peel Avenue called Festival Village, playing host to a range of children's entertainment, independent retailers and restaurants.^[37] It was eventually closed in late 2003 to make way for a John Lewis store, which opened in May 2005.

There are three domed atria along the length of the mall, and the developers claim its £5 million middle dome is bigger than St Paul's Cathedral.^[38]^[34]

Decor

The Trafford Centre also contains eclectic Art Deco and Egyptian Revival elements. It is decorated primarily in shades of white, pink and gold with ivory, jade and caramel coloured marble throughout.^[38]^[34]

As of 1996^[update] there were 45,000 square metres (480,000 sq ft) or £5.8 million of Tuscan marble and granite flooring from Montignoso and Quarrata,^[39] and gold leaf adorns the building's columns.^[38] The marble floors and handrails are polished nightly to maintain the centre's opulence.^[40]

The Trafford Centre has decorative features such as red roses of Lancaster which pay homage to the local area and North West England.^[41] Griffin statues adorn the exterior, the heraldic symbol of the de Trafford baronets who historically owned much of the land in modern-day Trafford.^[4]

Elsewhere, fake palm trees and neo-classical decorative pillars made of painted, medium-density fibreboard have received criticism.^[40] Manchester architecture critic John Parkinson-Bailey described the Trafford Centre as a building which "will not appeal to purists" and the range of interior architecture as "bewildering".^[4]

Portraits around the walls of the mall depict members of the Whittaker family. A Mercedes car formerly belonging to John Whittaker's mother was initially displayed on the first floor mall outside F. Hinds but is now in Trafford Palazzo.^[42]

Sculpture

A feature of the centre, and particularly Trafford Palazzo, is the statuary, fountains and other sculpture. There are over 100 figures, mainly in a classical Greek / Roman, or Art Nouveau style.^[43]

Altrincham sculptor Colin Spofforth created bronze figures of a jazz band for the New Orleans theme,^[44] and the crest, above the main entrance.^[45] The latter assembles a griffin, unicorn and Roman centurion, once more referencing the arms of the de Trafford family.^[45] The centurion holds two lightning bolts, a reminder of the power stations formerly on the site.^[46]

Spirit of New Orleans (1998) bronze
Trafford Centre Crest (2007)
The Lady with the Lamp in The Great Hall
Greek and Art Nouveau style figures in the link to Trafford Palazzo
Lion sculptures in Trafford Palazzo
Roman style sculpture in Trafford Palazzo
Dolphin fountain
Mermaid fountain, Trafford Palazzo

The Orient

The Orient is Europe's largest food court with 1,600 seats and 35 retail outlets.^[1] It is decorated in the style of a 1930s ocean liner,^[47] incorporating detail representing China, New Orleans, Egypt, Italy, americana and Morocco.^[48] The two floors incorporate restaurants, bars and fast food outlets in sight of a giant screen.

Great Hall

The Great Hall opened 2007, its glazed structure housing five restaurants and cafes. Construction took 18 months at a cost of £26 million and incorporates a sweeping staircase with marble balustrades. The centre claims its Great Hall has the largest chandelier in the world at 11 metres (36 ft) wide and 15 metres (49 ft) high. The feature incorporates three internal maintenance walkways and weighs five ton.^[49]

Trafford Palazzo (formerly Barton Square)

The 19,000 square metres (200,000 sq ft), covered Trafford Palazzo opened in 2008^[50] and cost £70 million.^[51] The former name referenced nearby Barton-upon-Irwell.

Trafford Palazzo is linked to the main Trafford Centre by a glazed bridge and incorporates a mock Italian Renaissance square with fountain and campanile tower.^{[citation needed]} A £75 million renovation commenced in mid 2018^[52] for Primark to open as an anchor tenant in 2020.^[9] The first floor extension created 110,000 sq ft of new retail floor space.^[53]

Entrance to Trafford Palazzo
Barton Square in 2009 before the new level & roof was added
Barton Square in 2021 after the new level & roof was added
Domed roof in 2021 after the addition of the second floor

Leisure

Leisure facilities include a 20-screen Odeon cinema;^[54] Laser Quest arena; miniature golf; dodgems; bowling; arcade games and a Sea Life Centre aquarium.^[55]^[56]^[57]

Transport

As of 2011^[update], 10 percent of the UK population lived within a 45-minute drive of the Trafford Centre.^[1]

Buses

There is a bus station at the west end of the Trafford Centre, with services to most towns in Greater Manchester.^[58]^[59]

Road

The Trafford Centre has 12,500 car spaces and 350 coach spaces; it is sited off the M60, at junctions 9 and 10. Its popularity has resulted in traffic congestion on the M60's Barton High-Level Bridge, requiring a link road adjacent to the M60 crossing the ship canal on a new lift bridge.^{[citation needed]}

All vehicles entering the centre have number plate details recorded via automatic number plate recognition. Since its introduction in 2003 at a cost of £220,000,^[2] the system has reduced the number of thefts of and from vehicles to a level described as "negligible".^[60] The ANPR tracks cars which have been used for serious offences and details of any car with such a number plate can then be passed to Stretford Police station.^[2]

Trams

Manchester Metrolink tram stops

The Trafford Centre tram stop

Barton Dock Road tram stop

The centre is served by two stops on the Trafford Park Line of the Manchester Metrolink network. The terminus, The Trafford Centre tram stop, serves the west of the centre, while the Barton Dock Road tram stop serves the east of the centre and Trafford Palazzo.^[61]

From 1998 to 2020, a shuttle bus had connected Stretford tram stop and the Trafford Centre.^[62]

In popular culture

The setting for Shopping City on BBC Two.^{[citation needed]}
Featured in 2008 BBC documentary series, Britain From Above, highlighted a transition from industry to services.^[63]
The Orient food court was used as a location in the 2008 post-apocalyptic drama Survivors.^[64]
Focal point of BBC's 2010 The Apprentice week 5 when contestants sold clothes.^[65]
The Lancashire Hotpots song Trafford Centre is about Christmas shopping at the centre.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Portfolio". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Trafford Centre information pack" (PDF). Trafford Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
^ Bourne, Dianne (30 September 2023). "Trafford Centre 25th anniversary - original map and ALL the stores that originally opened at the mall". Manchester: Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Parkinson-Bailey, John J (2000). Manchester: an Architectural History. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 273–274. ISBN 0-7190-5606-3.
^ "Savills appointed on variety of advisory roles at Barton Square, Trafford Park, Manchester". Savills. 16 November 2020. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
^ ^a ^b Barlow, Nigel (16 December 2020). "New owners for Trafford Centre". About Manchester. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
^ "The Intu Trafford Centre" (PDF). Chapman Taylor. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
^ "Trafford extends Barton Square homewares offer". Shopping Centre. 19 May 2008. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Primark confirmed to open in intu Trafford Centre's £74 million extension". Manchester Evening News. 28 December 2017. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Shopping Centres – Trafford Centre". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
^ "The Trafford Centre, Manchester" (PDF). Capital Shopping Centres. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
^ "Intu – Trafford Centre Key Facts" (PDF). Intu Properties. Archived from the original on 1 July 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
^ "Portfolio – Our Centres". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
^ "Portfolio". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
^ ^a ^b Ruddick, Graham (27 January 2011). "Capital Shopping Centres seals £1.6bn Trafford Centre deal despite Simon Property Group's concerns". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
^ "Salford Quays Milestones: The Story of Salford Quays" (PDF). Salford Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c King, Ray (2006). Detonation:Rebirth of a City. Warrington: Clear Publications. ISBN 0955262100.
^ ^a ^b "Taking a malling". economist.com. 10 September 1998. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
^ ^a ^b Stevenson, Tom (15 July 1994). "Slow net asset growth hits Peel". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
^ "TPDC – Catalogue: Other developments". Archived from the original on 18 February 2001.
^ Lord Lloyd of Berwick (24 May 1995). Opinions of the Lords of Appeal for Judgment in the cause Bolton Metropolitan District Council and others (respondents) versus Secretary of State for the Environment and others (appellants) (Report). House of Lords.
^ From de Trafford to the House of Lords, Trafford Centre, 1997
^ "The Shops – Trafford Centre". Manchester 2002. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
^ "ICSC". International Council of Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
^ "Trafford Centre in Greater Manchester sold by Peel". BBC. 25 November 2010. Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
^ "About us – Non-Executive Directors". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
^ Hodgson, Neil (13 December 2010). "Capital Shopping Centres rejects call to abandon Trafford Centre deal with Peel". Liverpool Daily Post. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
^ Thomas, Daniel (26 January 2011). "Investors agree CSC deal for Trafford Centre". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012. The deal is the largest-ever UK property transaction. Mr Whittaker, Peel chairman, told the shareholder meeting the sale had nothing to do with the amount of money, which would have been higher through a cash sale, but was related to the long-term future of his family business.
^ Packard, Simon (23 February 2012). "Capital Shopping Earnings Rise as Trafford Centre Purchase Lifts Revenue". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012. The company's 1.6 billion-pound purchase of the Trafford Centre in Manchester, England, in January 2011 was the biggest single property transaction in Europe last year, according to New York-based Real Capital Analytics Inc.
^ Glendinning, Amy (16 January 2013). "The Intu Trafford Centre – the new name for Manchester's shopping mecca". Manchester: Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
^ "Intu Properties PLC Final Results 2017". 23 February 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
^ "Investor Information – Trafford Centre". Trafford Centre. 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
^ "Is the dream over for the man who built the Trafford Centre?". Manchester Evening News. 28 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020. Whittaker looked to Las Vegas for inspiration, but the devout Roman Catholic also looked to the Vatican, with the domes and Romanesque frescoes included 'so it wouldn't date'.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Whittaker has more to offer than the rococo". Financial Times. 11 February 2011. Archived from the original on 15 February 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
^ "Bovis' reputation is cornering the shopping market", Contract Journal, 17 September 1997, archived from the original on 23 January 2016
^ "intu Trafford Centre" (PDF). Trafford Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2006. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
^ Bourne, Dianne (30 September 2023). "Trafford Centre 25th anniversary - original map and ALL the stores that originally opened at the mall". Manchester: Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Swanton, Oliver (2 September 1998). "The mall that ate Manchester". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
^ "Trafford Centre fact file". Lancashire Telegraph. 19 December 1997. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Trafford Centre – shopping hell or heaven?". bbc.co.uk. 31 December 2001. Archived from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
^ "History and vision – The Peel Group". The Peel Group. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
^ Barry, Chris (3 February 2005). "The man who built Peel Holdings". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
^ "Ever noticed something weird about all the naked statues at the Trafford Centre?". Manchester Evening News. Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
^ Wyke, Terry; Cocks, Harry (2004). Public Sculpture of Greater Manchester. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 388. ISBN 9780853235675.
^ ^a ^b "Mythical monsters to tower over Trafford Centre". Manchester Evening News. 15 February 2007. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
^ Webb, Justin (19 March 2009). "Top 5 Statues at The Trafford Centre". thetraffordcentre.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
^ "1999 European Shopping Centre Awards". Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
^ "The development and its size". Trafford Centre. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
^ "Biggest chandelier in the world?". Manchester Evening News. 15 March 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
^ "Trafford development". Manchester Evening News. 14 November 2006. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013.
^ Kirby, Dean (26 March 2008). "New Trafford Centre wing". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
^ "Two new floors of shops on way in £74m Trafford Centre extension". Manchester Evening News. 27 July 2017. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
^ "Trafford Centre owner to go ahead with £74m extension of Barton Square". Business Desk. 27 July 2017. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
^ "Auditorium information for Trafford Centre". Odeon. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
^ "Capital Shopping Centres to open aquarium at Trafford Centre's Barton Square". Manchester Evening News. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
^ "Manchester Sealife Centre gets underway". Manchester Confidential. Archived from the original on 15 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
^ "Play". The Trafford Centre. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
^ "Network Map Salford". tfgm. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
^ "The Trafford Centre Bus Services". Bus Times. 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^ Scheerhout, John (23 May 2004). "Spy in sky cure for car crime". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
^ "Trafford Park Line". TFGM. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
^ "Transport chiefs 'lining up trams to Trafford Centre". Manchester Evening News. 29 August 2010. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
^ "Story: Shopping Nation". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
^ "Recent Projects at Peel Film and TV locations – Film & TV Locations – MediaCityUK". Film and TV Locations. Archived from the original on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
^ "Video: Apprentice teams set up shops in Trafford Centre". Manchester Evening News. 4 November 2010. Archived from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2010.

External links

Official website

53°28′06″N 2°20′56″W / 53.4684°N 2.3489°W / 53.4684; -2.3489

[fact-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Portfolio". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2011.

[info-2] "Trafford Centre information pack" (PDF). Trafford Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.

[ink-3] Bourne, Dianne (30 September 2023). "Trafford Centre 25th anniversary - original map and ALL the stores that originally opened at the mall". Manchester: Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 31 October 2023.

[pak-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Parkinson-Bailey, John J (2000). Manchester: an Architectural History. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 273–274. ISBN 0-7190-5606-3.

[5] "Savills appointed on variety of advisory roles at Barton Square, Trafford Park, Manchester". Savills. 16 November 2020. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.

[CPPIB-ownership-6] Barlow, Nigel (16 December 2020). "New owners for Trafford Centre". About Manchester. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.

[7] "The Intu Trafford Centre" (PDF). Chapman Taylor. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2012.

[8] "Trafford extends Barton Square homewares offer". Shopping Centre. 19 May 2008. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.

[prim-9] "Primark confirmed to open in intu Trafford Centre's £74 million extension". Manchester Evening News. 28 December 2017. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

[overallsize-10] "Shopping Centres – Trafford Centre". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.

[brochure-11] "The Trafford Centre, Manchester" (PDF). Capital Shopping Centres. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2012.

[12] "Intu – Trafford Centre Key Facts" (PDF). Intu Properties. Archived from the original on 1 July 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2014.

[csc-13] "Portfolio – Our Centres". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2011.

[portfolio-14] "Portfolio". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2011.

[largest-15] Ruddick, Graham (27 January 2011). "Capital Shopping Centres seals £1.6bn Trafford Centre deal despite Simon Property Group's concerns". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.

[Milestones-16] "Salford Quays Milestones: The Story of Salford Quays" (PDF). Salford Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2009.

[bang-17] King, Ray (2006). Detonation:Rebirth of a City. Warrington: Clear Publications. ISBN 0955262100.

[malling-18] "Taking a malling". economist.com. 10 September 1998. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2011.

[planning-19] Stevenson, Tom (15 July 1994). "Slow net asset growth hits Peel". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2017.

[20] "TPDC – Catalogue: Other developments". Archived from the original on 18 February 2001.

[21] Lord Lloyd of Berwick (24 May 1995). Opinions of the Lords of Appeal for Judgment in the cause Bolton Metropolitan District Council and others (respondents) versus Secretary of State for the Environment and others (appellants) (Report). House of Lords.

[22] From de Trafford to the House of Lords, Trafford Centre, 1997

[commonwealth-23] "The Shops – Trafford Centre". Manchester 2002. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.

[24] "ICSC". International Council of Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2012.

[25] "Trafford Centre in Greater Manchester sold by Peel". BBC. 25 November 2010. Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2018.

[26] "About us – Non-Executive Directors". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.

[27] Hodgson, Neil (13 December 2010). "Capital Shopping Centres rejects call to abandon Trafford Centre deal with Peel". Liverpool Daily Post. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2012.

[larger-28] Thomas, Daniel (26 January 2011). "Investors agree CSC deal for Trafford Centre". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012. The deal is the largest-ever UK property transaction. Mr Whittaker, Peel chairman, told the shareholder meeting the sale had nothing to do with the amount of money, which would have been higher through a cash sale, but was related to the long-term future of his family business.

[bloom-29] Packard, Simon (23 February 2012). "Capital Shopping Earnings Rise as Trafford Centre Purchase Lifts Revenue". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012. The company's 1.6 billion-pound purchase of the Trafford Centre in Manchester, England, in January 2011 was the biggest single property transaction in Europe last year, according to New York-based Real Capital Analytics Inc.

[30] Glendinning, Amy (16 January 2013). "The Intu Trafford Centre – the new name for Manchester's shopping mecca". Manchester: Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.

[31] "Intu Properties PLC Final Results 2017". 23 February 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2017.

[traffordcentrelimited-32] "Investor Information – Trafford Centre". Trafford Centre. 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.

[33] "Is the dream over for the man who built the Trafford Centre?". Manchester Evening News. 28 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020. Whittaker looked to Las Vegas for inspiration, but the devout Roman Catholic also looked to the Vatican, with the domes and Romanesque frescoes included 'so it wouldn't date'.

[interview-34] "Whittaker has more to offer than the rococo". Financial Times. 11 February 2011. Archived from the original on 15 February 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.

[35] "Bovis' reputation is cornering the shopping market", Contract Journal, 17 September 1997, archived from the original on 23 January 2016

[36] "intu Trafford Centre" (PDF). Trafford Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2006. Retrieved 14 June 2015.

[37] Bourne, Dianne (30 September 2023). "Trafford Centre 25th anniversary - original map and ALL the stores that originally opened at the mall". Manchester: Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 31 October 2023.

[construct-38] Swanton, Oliver (2 September 1998). "The mall that ate Manchester". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2017.

[39] "Trafford Centre fact file". Lancashire Telegraph. 19 December 1997. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2011.

[bbccomment-40] "Trafford Centre – shopping hell or heaven?". bbc.co.uk. 31 December 2001. Archived from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2010.

[41] "History and vision – The Peel Group". The Peel Group. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2012.

[42] Barry, Chris (3 February 2005). "The man who built Peel Holdings". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2012.

[sculptures-43] "Ever noticed something weird about all the naked statues at the Trafford Centre?". Manchester Evening News. Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.

[Public-44] Wyke, Terry; Cocks, Harry (2004). Public Sculpture of Greater Manchester. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 388. ISBN 9780853235675.

[Spofforth-45] "Mythical monsters to tower over Trafford Centre". Manchester Evening News. 15 February 2007. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.

[Webb5-46] Webb, Justin (19 March 2009). "Top 5 Statues at The Trafford Centre". thetraffordcentre.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.

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v t e Peel Group
Harworth Group (14.1%)
Airports	City Airport & Heliport Doncaster Sheffield Liverpool
Canals	Bridgewater Canal Manchester Ship Canal
Ports	Glasgow Harbour Port of Liverpool
Media	MediaCityUK
Energy	Ince Park Scout Moor Wind Farm
Retail and Leisure	Gloucester Quays
Future projects	Atlantic Gateway Liverpool Waters, Port Salford Wirral Waters
Former assets	Teesside International Airport (2003–2018) Trafford Centre (1998–2011) EventCity (2011–2021)

v t e Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, England
Buildings	Altrincham Town Hall Bent Farmhouse, Warburton Church House, Warburton Dunham Massey Flixton House Halecroft Railway Inn, Altrincham Royd House Sale Town Hall Trafford General Hospital Trafford Town Hall Warburton School
Places of worship	All Saints' Church, Urmston St Alban's Church, Broadheath St Ann's Church, Stretford St George's Church, Altrincham St George's Church, Carrington Hale Chapel St John's Church, Brooklands St Martin's Church, Ashton upon Mersey St Mary's Church, Bowdon St Werburgh's Church, Warburton
Education	Altrincham College Altrincham Grammar School for Boys Altrincham Grammar School for Girls Ashton-on-Mersey School Blessed Thomas Holford Catholic College Broadoak School Flixton Girls' School Loreto Grammar School Lostock High School Manor Academy North Cestrian School St Antony's Catholic School Sale Grammar School Sale High School St Ambrose College Stretford Grammar School Stretford High School Trafford College Urmston Grammar School Wellacre Academy Wellington School
Transportation	Altrincham Interchange Brooklands tram stop Chassen Road railway station Flixton railway station Hale railway station Humphrey Park railway station Manchester United Football Ground railway station Navigation Road station Trafford Park railway station Urmston railway station
Shopping complexes	Trafford Centre White City
Sport and entertainment	Altrincham Ice Dome Chill Factor Heywood Road Hotel Football Imperial War Museum North Old Trafford Old Trafford Cricket Ground Urmston Musical Theatre
Bridges	Barton Road Swing Bridge
Others	EventCity
Demolished	Dunham Castle Ford Trafford Park Factory Trafford Park Railway Ullerwood Castle Watch Hill Castle
Lists	List of schools in Trafford
Listed buildings in	Altrincham Bowdon Carrington Dunham Massey Hale Partington Sale Stretford Urmston Warburton
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