List of primate cities: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Primate city]] |
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{{refimprove|date=January 2013}} |
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[[File:Countries without a primate city.png|thumb|right|400px|Countries without a primate city]] |
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A '''[[primate city]]''' is a major city that works as the financial, political, and population center of a country and is not rivaled in any of these aspects by any other city in that country. Normally, a primate city must be at least twice as populous as the second largest city in the country. The presence of a primate city in a country usually indicates an imbalance in development — usually a progressive core, and a lagging periphery, on which the primate city depends for labor and other resources.<ref>Brunn, Stanley et al. Cities of the World. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2003</ref> Not all countries have primate cities ([[United States]], [[Germany]], [[India]], and the [[People's Republic of China]], for example), but in those that do, the rest of the country depends on it for cultural, economic, political, and major transportation needs. Among the best known examples of primate cities are the [[Global city|alpha world cities]] of [[London]] and [[Paris]]. Other major primate cities include [[Athens]], [[Baghdad]], [[Bangkok]], [[Budapest]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Cairo]], [[Dublin]], [[Jakarta]], [[Lima]], [[Mexico City]], [[Seoul]], [[Tehran]], and [[Vienna]]. Bangkok has been called "the most primate city on earth", being forty times larger than Thailand's second city.<ref>Baker, Chris; Pasuk Phongpaichit (2009). A history of Thailand (2nd ed. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN 0-521-76768-7</ref> |
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Some examples of nations without a primate city would include [[India]], with the six main cities of [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]], [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]] and [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] ; [[Canada]], whose capital city, [[Ottawa]], is overshadowed by the larger global cities of [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]] and [[Vancouver]]; [[Brazil]], whose capital and political center, [[Brasilia]], is dwarfed in size and culture by [[São Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], and [[Belo Horizonte]]; [[Italy]], whose political seat at [[Rome]] is balanced by its business, financial, and fashion "capital" of [[Milan]]; [[Australia]], which has the two main cities of [[Sydney]] and [[Melbourne]], while the political centre resides in the smaller city of [[Canberra]]; [[South Africa]], with three official capitals in [[Pretoria]], [[Cape Town]], and [[Bloemfontein]], each housing a different branch of government, and whose main commercial centre is yet another city, [[Johannesburg]]; and the [[United States]], whose financial and cultural centers are widely dispersed throughout the country in cities such as [[New York City]], [[Los Angeles]], and [[Chicago]] and whose political center is located in [[Washington, D.C.]] In [[Turkey]], the historical, cultural, financial, business and transportation center [[Istanbul]] is more than twice as large as the second-largest city [[Ankara]], but Ankara is the political capital. Additionally, [[Mumbai]], [[São Paulo]], [[Ho Chi Minh City]], [[Sydney]], and [[Berlin]] have close competitors as their countries' largest cities ([[Delhi]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Hanoi]], [[Melbourne]], and [[Hamburg]] respectively). |
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[[Germany]] is unique, in that the [[Cold War|post-Cold-War]] political center of [[Berlin]] is somewhat weak. Several major government institutions are spread throughout the country, in cities like [[Bonn]] (the former capital) and [[Karlsruhe]] (seat of the federal constitutional court). Likewise, [[Frankfurt]] is its most important financial centre, but has significant competition from [[Düsseldorf]] and [[Munich]]. Germany's cultural center is split between [[Berlin]], [[Munich]], [[Cologne]], [[Dresden]], and smaller cities. However, Berlin was considered a primate city of Germany in the years 1871-1945. |
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Whether primate cities or not, alpha cities tend to produce a large percentage of their countries' respective gross domestic product (GDP) and gross metropolitan product (GMP), though primate cities tend to have a larger economic influence individually over a country. The three largest world metros consisting of a combined statistical area (CSA), by GMP, are the Greater Tokyo, New York, and Los Angeles metropolitan areas. Each of these cities have a GMP approaching the $1 trillion mark. This is largely due to the vast amounts of trade, finance, manufacturing, fashion, media, science, research and technology, transportation (air, ocean/shipping, land), warehousing, and other industries that provide jobs and end products on mass scales with easy access to worldwide markets and other alpha and primate cities. In addition many multinational corporations are headquartered in many alpha and primate cities. |
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Some countries, such as the United States, Australia and [[Canada]], have regional and/or provincial/state primate cities, such as [[Atlanta, Georgia]]; [[Winnipeg|Winnipeg, Manitoba]]; and [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]] in [[Western Australia]]. |
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==Africa== |
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*[[Abidjan]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/><ref name="Tarver1996"/> [[Ivory Coast]] |
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*[[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]] |
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*[[Algiers]], [[Algeria]] |
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*[[Antananarivo]], [[Madagascar]] |
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*[[Asmara]], [[Eritrea]] |
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*[[Bamako]], [[Mali]] |
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*[[Bangui]], [[Central African Republic]] |
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*[[Banjul]]-[[Serekunda]] area, [[The Gambia]] |
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*[[Bissau]], [[Guinea-Bissau]] |
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*[[Bujumbura]], [[Burundi]] |
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*[[Cairo]],<ref name="Hobbs2009">{{cite book|author=Joseph John Hobbs|title=World Regional Geography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&pg=PA111|year=2009|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=0-495-38950-1|pages=109–}}</ref> [[Egypt]] |
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*[[Conakry]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization">{{cite book|title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=oxOAckK2stYC&pg=PA97|date=1 January 2004|publisher=United Nations Publications|isbn=978-92-1-151396-7|pages=97–102}}</ref> [[Guinea]] |
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*[[Dakar]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/><ref name="Tarver1996"/> [[Senegal]] |
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*[[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]] |
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*[[Djibouti (city)|Djibouti]], [[Djibouti]] |
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*[[Freetown]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Sierra Leone]] |
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*[[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]] |
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*[[Harare]], [[Zimbabwe]] |
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*[[Kampala]], [[Uganda]] |
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*[[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]] |
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*[[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]] |
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*[[Kinshasa]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] |
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*[[Lagos]],<ref name="Pitzl2004">{{cite book|author=Gerald R. Pitzl|title=Encyclopedia of Human Geography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=m_z1M20Tr3EC&pg=PA193|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32010-1|page=81}}</ref> [[Nigeria]] |
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*[[Libreville]], [[Gabon]] |
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*[[Lilongwe]], [[Malawi]] |
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*[[Lomé]], [[Togo]] |
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*[[Luanda]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Angola]] |
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*[[Lusaka]], [[Zambia]] |
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*[[Maputo]], [[Mozambique]] |
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*[[Maseru]], [[Lesotho]] |
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*[[Mbabane]], [[Swaziland]] |
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*[[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]] |
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*[[Moroni, Comoros|Moroni]], [[Comoros]] |
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*[[N'Djamena]], [[Chad]] |
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*[[Nairobi]],<ref name="Tarver1996"/> [[Kenya]] |
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*[[Niamey]], [[Niger]] |
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*[[Nouakchott]], [[Mauritania]] |
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*[[Omdurman]]-[[Khartoum]] area, [[Sudan]] |
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*[[Ouagadougou]], [[Burkina Faso]] |
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*[[Porto-Novo]]-[[Cotonou]] area, [[Benin]] |
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*[[São Tomé]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] |
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*[[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]] |
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*[[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]], [[Seychelles]] |
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*[[Windhoek]], [[Namibia]] |
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==Asia== |
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*[[Amman]], [[Jordan]] |
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*[[Ashgabat]], [[Turkmenistan]] |
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*[[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]] |
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*[[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Brunei]] |
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*[[Bangkok]],<ref name="Hobbs2009"/><ref name="Pacione2009">{{cite book|author=Michael Pacione|title=Urban Geography: A Global Perspective|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M3rAuvR-o-gC&pg=PT82|year=2009|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-46201-3|page=79}}</ref><ref name="Swanson2012"/><ref name="Dutt1994"/> [[Thailand]] |
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*[[Baku]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Azerbaijan]] |
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*[[Beirut]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Lebanon]] |
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*[[Bishkek]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Kyrgyzstan]] |
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*[[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]] |
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*[[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]] |
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*[[Dili]], [[East Timor]] |
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*[[Doha]], [[Qatar]] |
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*[[Dushanbe]], [[Tajikistan]] |
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*[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] |
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*[[Kabul]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Afghanistan]] |
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*[[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] |
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*[[Kuwait City]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Kuwait]] |
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*[[Malé]], [[Maldives]] |
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*[[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], [[Oman]] |
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*[[Phnom Penh]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Cambodia]] |
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*[[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]] |
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*[[Seoul]],<ref name="Dutt1994"/> [[South Korea]] |
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*[[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]] |
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*[[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |
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*[[Thimpu]], [[Bhutan]] |
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*[[Tehran]], [[Iran]] |
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*[[Vientiane]], [[Laos]] |
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*[[Ulaanbaatar]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Mongolia]] |
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*[[Yangon]], [[Burma]] |
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*[[Yerevan]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Armenia]] |
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==Europe== |
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*[[Andorra la Vella]], [[Andorra]] |
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*[[Athens]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/><ref name="Hobbs2009"/> [[Greece]] |
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*[[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]] |
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*[[Bucharest]], [[Romania]] |
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*[[Budapest]],<ref name="Kent2006"/> [[Hungary]] |
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*[[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]] |
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*[[Copenhagen]],<ref name="Hobbs2009"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[Denmark]] |
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*[[Dublin]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[Ireland]] |
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*[[Helsinki]], [[Finland]] |
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*[[Ljubljana]], [[Slovenia]] |
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*[[London]],<ref name="Swanson2012">{{cite book|author=Kelly Swanson|title=Kaplan AP Human Geography 2013-2014|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZDaYvgTEJLYC&pg=PA357|date=7 August 2012|publisher=Kaplan Publishing|isbn=978-1-60978-694-6}}</ref><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[United Kingdom]] |
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*[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]], [[Luxembourg]] |
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*[[Minsk]], [[Belarus]] |
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*[[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]] |
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*[[Oslo]],<ref name="Hobbs2009"/> [[Norway]] |
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*[[Paris]],<ref name="Hobbs2009"/><ref name="Pacione2009"/><ref name="Swanson2012"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[France]] |
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*[[Podgorica]], [[Montenegro]] |
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*[[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]] |
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*[[Reykjavík]], [[Iceland]] |
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*[[Riga]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/><ref name="Hobbs2009"/> [[Latvia]] |
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*[[Skopje]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] |
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*[[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]] |
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*[[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]] |
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*[[Tirana]], [[Albania]] |
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*[[Vienna]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/><ref name="Pacione2009"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[Austria]] |
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*[[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]] |
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==North America== |
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*[[Basseterre]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] |
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*[[Belize City]], [[Belize]] |
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*[[Bridgetown]], [[Barbados]] |
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*[[Castries]], [[Saint Lucia]] |
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*[[Greater Santo Domingo]], [[Dominican Republic]] |
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*[[Guatemala City metropolitan area]],<ref name="Hobbs2009"/><ref name="Kent2006">{{cite book|author=Robert B. Kent|title=Latin America: Regions and People|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jWsD_Yk8YHQC&pg=PA261|date=January 2006|publisher=Guilford Press|isbn=978-1-57230-909-8|pages=144–}}</ref> [[Guatemala]] |
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*[[Havana]], [[Cuba]] |
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*[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], [[Jamaica]] |
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*[[Kingstown]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] |
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*[[Managua]],<ref name="Hobbs2009"/> [[Nicaragua]] |
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*[[Mexico City]],<ref name="Hobbs2009"/><ref name="Swanson2012"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[Mexico]] |
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*[[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]], [[Bahamas]] |
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*[[Panama City]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Panama]] |
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*[[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]] |
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*[[Port-au-Prince]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Haiti]] |
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*[[Roseau]], [[Dominica]] |
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*[[San José, Costa Rica|San José]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/><ref name="Hobbs2009"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[Costa Rica]] |
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*[[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Puerto Rico]] |
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*[[San Salvador]],<ref name="Hobbs2009"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[El Salvador]] |
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*[[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]], [[Grenada]] |
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*[[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]], [[Antigua and Barbuda]] |
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==Oceania== |
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*[[Apia, Samoa|Apia]], [[Samoa]] |
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*[[Funafuti]], [[Tuvalu]] |
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*[[Honiara]], [[Solomon Islands]] |
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*[[Koror]], [[Palau]] |
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*[[Majuro]], [[Marshall Islands]] |
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*[[Noumea]], [[New Caledonia]] |
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*[[Nukuʻalofa]], [[Tonga]] |
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*[[Port Moresby]], [[Papua New Guinea]] |
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*[[Port-Vila]], [[Vanuatu]] |
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*[[Suva]], [[Fiji]] |
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*[[South Tarawa]], [[Kiribati]] |
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==South America== |
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*[[Gran Asunción]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Paraguay]] |
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*[[Buenos Aires]],<ref name="Swanson2012"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[Argentina]] |
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*[[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]], [[Guyana]] |
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*[[Lima]],<ref name="Kent2006"/> [[Peru]] |
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*[[Montevideo]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> [[Uruguay]] |
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*[[Paramaribo]], [[Suriname]] |
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*[[Santiago Metropolitan Region]],<ref name="WorldUrbanization"/> [[Chile]] |
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==Countries without a primate city== |
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*[[Australia]] (see [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]], [[Brisbane]], [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], [[Adelaide]], and [[Canberra]]) |
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*[[Bahrain]] (see [[Manama]], [[Riffa]], and [[Muharraq]]) |
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*[[Bolivia]]<ref name="Kent2006"/> (see [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra|Santa Cruz]], [[La Paz]], and [[Sucre]]) |
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*[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (see [[Sarajevo]] and [[Banja Luka]]) |
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*[[Brazil]]<ref name="Swanson2012"/><ref name="Kent2006"/> (see [[São Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Belo Horizonte]],[[Fortaleza]] and [[Brasília]]) |
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*[[Cameroon]]<ref name="Tarver1996">{{cite book|author=James D. Tarver|title=The Demography of Africa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9GXTzmq1x7wC&pg=PA98|date=1996-01-01|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-94885-6|pages=98–}}</ref> (see [[Douala]] and [[Yaoundé]]) |
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*[[Canada]] (see [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]], [[Vancouver]], [[Ottawa]], [[Calgary]], and [[Edmonton]]) |
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*[[Cape Verde]] (see [[Praia]] and [[Mindelo]]) |
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*[[China]]<ref name="Swanson2012"/><ref name="Dutt1994">{{cite book|author=Ashok K. Dutt|title=The Asian City: Processes of Development, Characteristics, and Planning|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zjASWo54WKgC&pg=PA55|accessdate=30 December 2013|date=31 October 1994|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-7923-3135-3|pages=7–}}</ref> (see [[Beijing]], [[Shanghai]], [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Chongqing]], [[Chengdu]], [[Wuhan]], [[Tianjin]], [[Xi'an]], [[Hangzhou]], [[Nanjing]], and [[Shenyang]]) |
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*[[Colombia]] (see [[Bogotá]], [[Medellín]] and [[Cali]]) |
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*[[Republic of the Congo]] (see [[Brazzaville]] and [[Pointe-Noire]]) |
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*[[Ecuador]]<ref name="Kent2006"/> (see [[Quito]], [[Cuenca, Ecuador|Cuenca]] and [[Guayaquil]]) |
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*[[Equatorial Guinea]] (see [[Bata, Equatorial Guinea|Bata]] and [[Malabo]]) |
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*[[Federated States of Micronesia]] (see [[Weno]], [[Kolonia]] and [[Palikir]]) |
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*[[Germany]]<ref name="Swanson2012"/> (see [[Berlin]], [[Hamburg]], [[Munich]], [[Cologne]], [[Frankfurt]]) |
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*[[Ghana]] (see [[Accra]] and [[Kumasi]]) |
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*[[Honduras]] (see [[Tegucigalpa]] and [[San Pedro Sula]]) |
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*[[India]]<ref name="Swanson2012"/><ref name="Dutt1994"/> (see [[Ahmedabad]], [[Bangalore]], [[Chennai]], [[Delhi]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Jaipur]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]] and [[Surat]] ) |
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*[[Israel]] (see [[Tel Aviv]] and [[Jerusalem]]) |
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*[[Italy]] (see [[Milan]] (financial), [[Rome]] (legislative and executive), [[Naples]] (biggest metropolitan area in Italy), [[Turin]], [[Palermo]] (executive and legislative in [[Sicily]], [[Catania]] (financial in Sicily), [[Genoa]], [[Florence]], [[Bologna]], [[Venice]], [[Trieste]] and [[Cagliari]] (executive, legislative and financial in Sardinia) |
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*[[Japan]] (see [[Tokyo]], [[Osaka]]/[[Keihanshin]], and [[Nagoya]]) |
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*[[Kazakhstan]] (see [[Almaty]] and [[Astana]]) |
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*[[Libya]] (see [[Tripoli]] and [[Benghazi]]) |
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*[[Liechtenstein]] (see [[Vaduz]] and [[Schaan]]) |
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*[[Lithuania]] (see [[Vilnius]], [[Kaunas]], and [[Klaipėda]]) |
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*[[Malaysia]] (see [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] and [[Johor Bahru]]) |
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*[[Malta]] (see [[Valletta]] and [[Victoria, Malta|Victoria]]) |
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*[[Morocco]] (see [[Casablanca]] and [[Rabat]]) |
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*[[Netherlands]] (see [[Amsterdam]], [[Rotterdam]], [[The Hague]], [[Utrecht]]) |
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*[[New Zealand]] (see [[Auckland]], [[Christchurch]], and [[Wellington]]) |
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*[[Pakistan]] (see [[Karachi, Pakistan|Karachi]], [[Lahore, Pakistan|Lahore]], [[Islamabad, Pakistan|Islamabad]], and [[Peshawar, Pakistan|Peshawar]]) |
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*[[Philippines]] (see [[Metro Manila|Manila]], [[Metro Cebu|Cebu]], [[Metro Davao|Davao]]) |
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*[[Poland]] (see [[Katowice urban area]], [[Warsaw]], [[Kraków]], [[Wrocław|Wroclaw]], [[Gdańsk|Gdansk]], and [[Łódź|Lodz]]) |
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*[[Portugal]] (see [[Lisbon]] and [[Porto]]) |
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*[[Russian Federation]] (see [[Moscow]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Samara, Russia|Samara]], [[Omsk]], [[Kazan]], [[Chelyabinsk]], [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Ufa]], [[Volgograd]], [[Perm]], [[Krasnoyarsk]] and [[Voronezh]]) |
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*[[San Marino]] (see [[Dogana]] and [[City of San Marino]]) |
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*[[Saudi Arabia]] (see [[Riyadh]], [[Jeddah]] and tri-city area of [[Dammam]]/[[Dhahran]]/[[Al-Khobar]]) |
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*[[Slovakia]] (see [[Bratislava]] and [[Košice]]) |
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*[[Somalia]] (see [[Mogadishu]] and [[Hargeisa]]) |
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*[[South Africa]] (see [[Pretoria]], [[Cape Town]], [[Bloemfontein]], [[Durban]], and [[Johannesburg]]) |
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*[[Spain]]<ref name="Pacione2009"/> (see [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], and [[Valencia]]) |
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*[[Sweden]] (see [[Stockholm]], [[Gothenburg]], and [[Malmö|Malmo]]) |
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*[[Switzerland]] (see [[Zurich]], [[Geneva]], and [[Bern]]) |
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*[[Syria]] (see [[Aleppo]] and [[Damascus]]) |
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*[[Taiwan]] (see [[Taipei]], [[Kaohsiung]], and [[Taichung]]) |
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*[[Turkey]] (see [[Istanbul]], [[Ankara]], [[Izmir]], [[Bursa]], [[Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area]], [[Antalya]], [[Gaziantep]], [[Konya]], [[Kayseri]], [[Eskişehir]], [[Samsun]], [[Diyarbakır]] and [[Denizli]]) |
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*[[Ukraine]] (see [[Kiev]], [[Kharkiv]], [[Lviv]],and [[Odessa]]) |
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*[[United Arab Emirates]] (see [[Dubai]] and [[Abu Dhabi]]) |
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*[[United States]]<ref name="Pacione2009"/><ref name="Swanson2012"/> (see [[New York City]], [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[Chicago]], [[Houston, Texas|Houston]], [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]], and [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]) |
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*[[Venezuela]]<ref name="Kent2006"/> (see [[Caracas]], [[Maracaibo]], [[Valencia, Carabobo|Valencia]] and [[Barquisimeto]]) |
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*[[Vietnam]] (see [[Hanoi]] and [[Ho Chi Minh City]]) |
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*[[Yemen]] (see [[Sana'a]] and [[Aden]]) |
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==Primate cities in country subdivisions== |
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*'''[[Australia]]''' |
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**[[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]] |
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**[[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]] |
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**[[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]], [[Northern Territory]] |
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**[[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] |
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**[[Perth]], [[Western Australia]] |
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**[[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]] |
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*'''[[Bangladesh]]''' |
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**[[Dhaka]], [[Dhaka Division]] |
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**[[Chittagong]], [[Chittagong Division]] |
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**[[Sylhet]], [[Sylhet Division]] |
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**[[Barisal]], [[Barisal Division]] |
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*'''[[Brazil]]''' |
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**[[Belém]], [[Pará]] |
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**[[Belo Horizonte]], [[Minas Gerais]] |
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**[[Curitiba]], [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] |
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**[[Fortaleza]], [[Ceará]] |
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**[[Manaus]], [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] |
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**[[Porto Alegre]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]] |
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**[[Recife]], [[Pernambuco]] |
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**[[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] |
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**[[Salvador, Bahia]] |
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**[[São Paulo]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] |
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*'''[[Canada]]''' |
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**[[Halifax Urban Area|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]] |
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**[[Iqaluit]], [[Nunavut]] |
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**[[Montréal]], [[Québec]] (not political capital) |
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**[[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] |
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**[[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] |
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**[[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]] (not political capital) |
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**[[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]] |
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**[[Whitehorse, Yukon|Whitehorse]], [[Yukon]] |
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**[[Yellowknife]], [[Northwest Territories]] |
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*'''[[Germany]]''' |
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**[[Berlin]], [[Brandenburg]] (not in the state of Brandenburg) |
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**[[Frankfurt]], [[Hesse]] (not political capital) |
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**[[Stuttgart]], [[Baden-Württemberg]] |
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**[[Munich]], [[Bavaria]] |
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**[[Rostock]], [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] (not political capital) |
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**[[Saarbrücken]], [[Saarland]] |
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**[[Rhine-Ruhr]], [[North-Rhine-Westphalia]] (political capital within) |
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**[[Hamburg]], Schleswig-Holstein (not in the state) |
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*'''[[India]]''' |
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**[[Delhi]], [[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]] |
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**[[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] |
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**[[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] |
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**[[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]] |
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**[[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]] (also serves as capital of [[Andhra Pradesh]], from which Telangana was split in 2014) |
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**[[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] |
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**[[Patna]], [[Bihar]] |
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*'''[[Italy]]''' |
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**[[Bologna]], [[Emilia-Romagna]] |
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**[[Cagliari]], [[Sardinia]] |
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**[[Florence]], [[Tuscany]] |
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**[[Genoa]], [[Liguria]] |
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**[[Milan]], [[Lombardy]] |
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**[[Naples]], [[Campania]] |
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**[[Palermo]], [[Sicily]] |
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**[[Rome]], [[Lazio]] |
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**[[Torino]], [[Piedmont]] |
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**[[Trento]], [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol|Trentino]] |
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**[[Trieste]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Friuli]] |
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* '''[[Netherlands]]''' |
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** [[Almere]], [[Flevoland]] (not the political capital) |
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** [[Amsterdam]], [[North Holland]] (not the provincial political capital) |
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** [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]], [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]] |
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** [[Leeuwarden]], [[Friesland]] |
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** [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]] |
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*'''[[Pakistan]]''' |
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**[[Karachi]], [[Sindh]] |
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**[[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] |
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**[[Islamabad]], [[Islamabad Capital Territory|ICT]] |
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**[[Peshawar]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] |
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*'''[[Poland]]''' |
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**[[Poznań]], [[Greater Poland]] |
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**[[Kraków]], [[Lesser Poland]] |
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**[[Warsaw]], [[Mazovia]] |
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**[[Olsztyn]], [[Warmia]] |
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*'''[[South Africa]]''' |
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**[[Bloemfontein]], [[Free State (province)|Free State]] |
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**[[Cape Town]], [[Western Cape]] |
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*'''[[Spain]]''' |
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**[[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]] |
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**[[Zaragoza]], [[Aragón]] |
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*'''[[United Kingdom]]''' |
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**[[London]], [[England]] |
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**[[Cardiff]], [[Wales]] |
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**[[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]] |
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*'''[[United States]]''' |
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**[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]], [[New Mexico]] (not political capital) |
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**[[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] |
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**[[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]], [[Alaska]] (not political capital) |
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**[[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] (not political capital) |
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**[[Boise, Idaho|Boise]], [[Idaho]] |
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**[[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] |
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**[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] (not political capital) |
|||
**[[Denver]], [[Colorado]] |
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**[[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] (not political capital) |
|||
**[[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]] |
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**[[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]] |
|||
**[[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson]], [[Mississippi]] |
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**[[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]] (not political capital) |
|||
**[[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]], [[Arkansas]] |
|||
**[[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], [[Kentucky]] (not political capital) |
|||
**[[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]] (not political capital) |
|||
**[[New York City]], [[New York]] (finance, fashion, cultural, and media center; not political capital) |
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**[[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha]], [[Nebraska]] (not political capital) |
|||
**[[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], [[Arizona]] |
|||
**[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]] (not political capital) |
|||
**[[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Rhode Island]] |
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**[[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]], [[Puerto Rico]] |
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**[[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] (not political capital) |
|||
**[[Sioux Falls, South Dakota|Sioux Falls]], [[South Dakota]] (not political capital) |
|||
**While neither [[Minneapolis]] nor [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]], [[Minnesota]] is a primate city by itself, the metropolitan area centered on the two cities can be considered as such. See [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]]. |
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==Country subdivisions without a primate city== |
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*'''[[Australia]]''' |
|||
**[[Tasmania]] (see [[Hobart]] and [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]]) |
|||
*'''[[Bangladesh]]''' |
|||
**[[Khulna Division]] (See [[Khulna]] and [[Jessore]]) |
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*'''[[Brazil]]''' |
|||
**[[Espírito Santo]] (see [[Vila Velha]], [[Serra, Espírito Santo|Serra]], [[Cariacica]] and [[Vitória, Brazil|Vitória]]) |
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**[[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] (see [[Joinville]], [[Blumenau]] and [[Florianópolis]]) |
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*'''[[Canada]]''' |
|||
**[[Alberta]] (see [[Edmonton]] and [[Calgary]]) |
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**[[Saskatchewan]] (see [[Saskatoon]] and [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]]) |
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**[[New Brunswick]] (see [[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]], [[Fredericton]], and [[Moncton]]) |
|||
**[[Prince Edward Island]] (see [[Charlottetown]] and [[Summerside, Prince Edward Island|Summerside]]) |
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*'''[[China]]''' |
|||
**[[Liaoning]] (see [[Dalian]] and [[Shenyang]]) |
|||
**[[Shandong]] (see [[Jinan]] and [[Qingdao]]) |
|||
*'''[[Germany]]''' |
|||
**[[Sachsen-Anhalt]] ([[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], [[Magdeburg]]) |
|||
**[[Sachsen]] ([[Dresden]], [[Leipzig]]) |
|||
**[[Thüringen]] ([[Erfurt]], [[Jena]], [[Gera]], [[Weimar]]) |
|||
**[[Rheinland-Pfalz]] ([[Mainz]], [[Ludwigshafen]], [[Koblenz]]) |
|||
**[[North Rhine-Westphalia]] ([[Düsseldorf]], [[Cologne]]) |
|||
**[[Schleswig-Holstein]] ([[Kiel]], [[Lübeck]]) |
|||
*'''[[India]]''' |
|||
**[[Assam]] (see [[Dispur]] and [[Guwahati]]) |
|||
**[[Gujarat]] (see [[Ahmedabad]], [[Vadodara]], [[Surat]], [[Rajkot]] and [[Gandhinagar]]) |
|||
**[[Kerala]] (see [[Kochi]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]]) |
|||
**[[Madhya Pradesh]] (see [[Bhopal]], [[Indore]], [[Jabalpur]] and [[Gwalior]]) |
|||
**[[Maharashtra]] (see [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]], [[Pune]] - [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]], [[Nagpur]], [[Aurangabad]], [[Nashik]], [[Kolhapur]]) |
|||
**[[Odisha]] (see [[Cuttack]] and [[Bhubaneshwar]]) |
|||
**[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] (see [[Chandigarh]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Jalandhar]] and [[Amritsar]]) |
|||
**[[Uttar Pradesh]] (see [[Lucknow]], [[Allahabad]] and [[Kanpur]]) |
|||
*'''[[Italy]] |
|||
**[[Campania]] (see [[Naples]], [[Caserta]], [[Salerno]]) |
|||
**[[Emilia-Romagna]] (see [[Bologna]], [[Parma]], [[Modena]], [[Reggio nell'Emilia]], [[Ravenna]], [[Rimini]]) |
|||
**[[Sicily]] (see [[Palermo]], [[Catania]], [[Messina]], [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]]) |
|||
**[[Veneto]] (see [[Venice]], [[Verona]], and [[Padua]]) |
|||
*'''[[Mexico]] |
|||
**[[Baja California]] (see [[Mexicali]], and [[Tijuana]]) |
|||
**[[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] (see [[Chihuahua (city)|Chihuahua]], and [[Ciudad Juarez]]) |
|||
**[[Coahuila]] (see [[Saltillo]] and [[Torreón]]) |
|||
**[[Durango]] (see [[Durango, Durango|Durango]] and [[Gomez Palacio]]) |
|||
**[[Guerrero]] (see [[Chilpancingo]] and [[Acapulco]]) |
|||
**[[Guanajuato]] (see [[Guanajuato, Guanajuato|Guanajuato]], [[León, Guanajuato|Leon]], [[Irapuato]] and [[Celaya]]) |
|||
**[[Quintana Roo]] (see [[Chetumal]] and [[Cancún]]) |
|||
**[[Tamaulipas]] (see [[Ciudad Victoria]], [[Tampico]], and [[Reynosa]]) |
|||
**[[Veracruz]] (see [[Xalapa]], and [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]]) |
|||
* '''[[Netherlands]]''' |
|||
** [[Drenthe]] ([[Assen]], [[Emmen, Netherlands|Emmen]]) |
|||
** [[Gelderland]] ([[Nijmegen]], [[Apeldoorn]], [[Arnhem]]) |
|||
** [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]] ([[Maastricht]], [[Venlo]], [[Heerlen]]) |
|||
** [[North Brabant]] ([[Eindhoven]], [[Tilburg]], [[Breda]], [['s-Hertogenbosch]]) |
|||
** [[Overijssel]] ([[Enschede]], [[Zwolle]], [[Deventer]], [[Hengelo]]) |
|||
** [[South Holland]] ([[Rotterdam]], [[The Hague]]) |
|||
** [[Zeeland]] ([[Middelburg]], [[Vlissingen]], [[Terneuzen]], [[Goes]]) |
|||
*'''[[South Africa]]''' |
|||
**[[Eastern Cape]] (see [[Port Elizabeth]] and [[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]]) |
|||
**[[Gauteng]] (see [[Johannesburg]], [[Pretoria]] and [[East Rand]]) |
|||
**[[KwaZulu-Natal]] (see [[Durban]] and [[Pietermaritzburg]]) |
|||
**[[Limpopo]] (see [[Polokwane]] and [[Thohoyandou]]) |
|||
**[[Mpumalanga]] (see [[Nelspruit]] and [[Witbank]]) |
|||
**[[North West (South African province)|North West]] (see [[Rustenburg]], [[Klerksdorp]], [[Potchefstroom]] and [[Mahikeng]] |
|||
**[[Northern Cape]] (see [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] and [[Upington]]) |
|||
*'''[[United Kingdom]]''' |
|||
**[[Scotland]] (see [[Glasgow]] and [[Edinburgh]]) |
|||
*'''[[United States]]''' |
|||
**[[Alabama]] (see [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]], [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]] and [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]]) |
|||
**[[Connecticut]] (see [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]], and [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]) |
|||
**[[California]] (see [[Los Angeles]], [[San Francisco]], [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] and [[San Diego]]) |
|||
**[[Delaware]] (see [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]] and [[Dover, Delaware|Dover]]) |
|||
**[[Florida]] (see [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], [[Miami]], [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]] and [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa Bay]]) |
|||
**[[Iowa]] (see [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]], [[Cedar Rapids, Iowa|Cedar Rapids]], and [[Davenport, Iowa|Davenport]]) |
|||
**[[Kansas]] (see [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]], [[Kansas City, Kansas|Kansas City]] and [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka]]) |
|||
**[[Louisiana]] (see [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Baton Rouge]], [[New Orleans]], and [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]]) |
|||
**[[Maine]] (see [[Portland, Maine|Portland]], [[Lewiston, Maine|Lewiston]] and [[Bangor, Maine|Bangor]]) |
|||
**[[Missouri]] (see [[Springfield, Missouri|Springfield]], [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] and [[St. Louis]]) |
|||
**[[Montana]] (see [[Billings, Montana|Billings]], [[Missoula, Montana|Missoula]], and [[Great Falls, Montana|Great Falls]]) |
|||
**[[New Hampshire]] (see [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]], [[Nashua, New Hampshire|Nashua]] and [[Concord, New Hampshire|Concord]]) |
|||
**[[New Jersey]] (see [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] and [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]]) |
|||
**[[North Carolina]] (see [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], and [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]]) |
|||
**[[North Dakota]] (see [[Bismarck, North Dakota|Bismarck]] and [[Fargo, North Dakota|Fargo]]) |
|||
**[[Ohio]] (see [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], [[Cleveland]], [[Cincinnati]], [[Dayton]], and [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]]) |
|||
**[[Oklahoma]] (see [[Oklahoma City]] and [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]]) |
|||
**[[Pennsylvania]] (see [[Philadelphia]] and [[Pittsburgh]]) |
|||
**[[South Carolina]] (see [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]], [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] and [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]]) |
|||
**[[Tennessee]] (see [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] and [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]) |
|||
**[[Texas]] (see [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[San Antonio]], [[Houston]] and [[Dallas]]) |
|||
**[[Utah]] (see [[Salt Lake City]] and [[Provo, Utah|Provo]]) |
|||
**[[Vermont]] (see [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]], [[Rutland (city), Vermont|Rutland]], and [[Montpelier, Vermont|Montpelier]]) |
|||
**[[Virginia]] (see [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]], [[Northern Virginia]], [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]], [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], and [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke]]) |
|||
**[[West Virginia]] (see [[Charleston, West Virginia|Charleston]], [[Huntington, West Virginia|Huntington]], and [[Morgantown, West Virginia|Morgantown]]) |
|||
**[[Wyoming]] (see [[Cheyenne, Wyoming|Cheyenne]], [[Casper, Wyoming|Casper]], and [[Laramie, Wyoming|Laramie]]) |
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== See also == |
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* [[World city]] |
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* [[Primate city]] |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Lists of cities|Primate cities]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:53, 31 October 2017
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