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{{about|the Portuguese municipality of Viseu|other meanings|Viseu (disambiguation)}}
{{about|the Portuguese municipality}}
{{Infobox Municipality PT
{{Infobox Portuguese subdivision
| official_name =
| type = municipality
|official_name =
| image_flag = Pt-vis1.png
|image_flag = Bandeira de Viseu.jpg
| image_shield = VIS.png
|flag_border = no
| image_skyline = File:ViseuAereas1.jpg
| image_caption = Panoramic view of Viseu.
|image_shield = COA of Viseu.svg
| latd = 40 |latm = 40 |latNS = N
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = ViseuLandscape.jpg
| longd = 7 |longm = 55|longEW = W
| photo2a = Sé de Viseu IMG 20141226 155323-Pano (36162491774).jpg
| image_map = LocalViseu.svg
|region = [[Centro Region, Portugal|Centro]]
| photo2b = Antiga rua da Cadeia (cropped).jpg
| photo3a = Pça. D. Duarte - Viseu - Portugal (169743505) (cropped) (cropped).jpg
|subregion = [[Dão-Lafões]]
| photo3b = Igreja da Misericórdia de Viseu (48759337787) (cropped).jpg
| spacing = 2
| position = center
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 280
| foot_montage = Clockwise: View of Viseu; historic center; [[:pt:Igreja da Misericórdia de Viseu|Igreja da Misericórdia]]; Praça D. Duarte; [[Viseu Cathedral]].
}}
|coordinates = {{coord|40|40|N|7|55|W|type:adm1st_region:PT_dim:100000|display=inline,title}}
|image_map = LocalViseu.svg
|region = Centro
|CIM = [[Viseu Dão Lafões]]
|CIM = [[Viseu Dão Lafões]]
|district = [[Viseu District|Viseu]]
|district = [[Viseu District|Viseu]]
|parishes = [[#Parishes|25]]
|parishes = [[#Parishes|25]]
| leader_party = [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PSD]]
|leader_party = [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PSD]]
| leader_name = Almeida Henriques
|leader_name = [[Fernando Ruas]]
| area_total_km2 = 507.10
|area_total_km2 = 507.10
| population_total = 99,274
|population_total = 100105
| population_as_of = 2011
|population_as_of = 2022
| blank1_name_sec1 = Municipal holiday
|holiday = September 21
|website = {{url|http://www.cm-viseu.pt/}}
| blank1_info_sec1 = September 21
| website = http://www.cm-viseu.pt/
}}
}}
'''Viseu''' ({{IPA-pt|viˈzew}}) is a city and municipality in the [[Centro Region]] of Portugal and the capital of the [[Viseu District|district of the same name]], with a population of 99,274 inhabitants,<ref>[http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xlang=en&xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0005889&contexto=pi&selTab=tab0 Instituto Nacional de Estatística]</ref> and center of the [[Viseu Dão Lafões]] [[Intermunicipal communities of Portugal|intermunipical community]], with 267,633 inhabitants.
'''Viseu''' ({{IPA|pt|viˈzew|-|Pt-pt Viseu FF.ogg}}) is a city and municipality in the [[Centro Region]] of Portugal and the capital of the [[Viseu District|district of the same name]], with a population of 100,105 inhabitants<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2023-06-28 |title=Portal do INE |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0008272&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2 |website=www.ine.pt}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> in the entire municipality, and center of the [[Viseu Dão Lafões]] [[Intermunicipal communities of Portugal|intermunipical community]], with 267,633 inhabitants.


Settled during the period of the early Iberian [[castro culture]], the territory of Viseu was populated by a series of cultures, that include the Romans, Suebs, Visigoths and Moors. During the Roman occupation of Iberia, [[Viriathus]], rebel leader of the [[Lusitanians]], is assumed to have lived for a time in territory. During the Middle Ages, the city often served as seat for [[Visigothic]] nobles (such as King [[Roderic]]), and is considered one of the probable birthplaces of [[Afonso Henriques]], first King of Portugal.
Settled during the period of the early Iberian [[Castro culture]], the territory of Viseu was populated by a series of cultures including the Romans, Suebs, Visigoths and Moors. During the Roman occupation of Iberia, [[Viriathus]], the rebel leader of the [[Lusitanians]], is assumed to have lived for a time in the vicinity. During the Middle Ages, the city often served as a seat for [[Visigothic]] nobles (such as King [[Roderic]]), and is considered one of the probable birthplaces of [[Afonso Henriques]], first King of Portugal.{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}}


Viseu is a regional economic hub with a strong wine industry and is the seat of international conglomerate [[Visabeira]]. Similarly, the city is a cultural center, home to the nationally-acclaimed [[Grão Vasco Museum]], seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Viseu]], and pole of national universities, including the [[Catholic University of Portugal]].
Viseu is a regional economic hub with a strong wine industry and is the seat of the international conglomerate [[Visabeira]]. The city is also a cultural center, home to the nationally acclaimed [[Grão Vasco Museum]], the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Viseu]], and a center for higher learning institutions, namely the [[Catholic University of Portugal]] and the [[Polytechnic Institute of Viseu]].


==History==
==History==
The origins of the city of Viseu date back to the [[Lusitanians|pre-Roman]] period, with its name being reconstructed from the indigenous word '''Vissaîegobor''<nowiki/>' as *Vissaium, perhaps with a latinised suffix.<ref>Ruiz, J. Siles. "Sobre la inscripción lusitano-latina de Visseu". In: ''Nuevas interpretaciones del Mundo Antiguo: papers in honor of professor José Luis Melena on the occasion of his retirement'' / coord. por Elena Redondo Moyano, María José García Soler, 2016. pp. 347-356. {{ISBN|978-84-9082-481-8}}</ref>
The origins of the city of Viseu date back to the [[Celts|Celtic]] period. With its [[Romanization]], the settlement gained importance, being at the intersection of a series of Roman roads linking [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]], [[Lisbon]], and [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]].

With its [[Romanisation]] the settlement gained importance, being at the intersection of a series of Roman roads linking [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]], [[Lisbon]], and [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]].


Viseu is associated with [[Viriathus]], since it is thought that the [[Lusitanians|Lusitanian]] hero may have been born in this region. After the Roman occupation of the peninsula, under the [[Visigoths]], the settlement was elevated to the status of city and to the seat of a diocese by at least the 6th century.
Viseu is associated with [[Viriathus]], since it is thought{{By whom|date=September 2022}} that the [[Lusitanians|Lusitanian]] hero may have been born in this region. After the Roman occupation of the peninsula, under the [[Visigoths]], the settlement was elevated to the status of city and to the seat of a diocese by at least the 6th century.


===Middle Ages===
===Middle Ages===
The origins of Viseu extends to proto-history, when migrating groups settled the territory, including the Celts and Luistanians. Roman colonists settled in this territories during eras of prosperity and peace, leading eventually to Suebics, Goths and Muslim cultures.<ref name="CMHistoria">{{citation |url=http://www.cm-viseu.pt/index.php/conhecer-viseu/historico/historia |title=História |location=Viseu, Portugal |language=Portuguese |year=2015 |editor=Câmara Municipal |publisher=Câmara Municipal de Viseu |accessdate=24 September 2015}}</ref> The Suebic peoples, by the middle of the 6th century, had already an established community, with a bishop that existed as the suffrage of Braga.<ref name=CMHistoria/> With the arrival of north African Muslims, the Visigoths escaped the territory and refuged in the distant mountains of Asturias.<ref name=CMHistoria/>
The origins of Viseu extend to proto-history, when migrating groups settled the territory, including the Celts and Lusitanians. Roman colonists settled in these territories during eras of prosperity and peace, leading eventually to Suebic, Gothic and Muslim cultures.<ref name="CMHistoria">{{citation |url=http://www.cm-viseu.pt/index.php/conhecer-viseu/historico/historia |title=História |location=Viseu, Portugal |language=pt |year=2015 |editor=Câmara Municipal |publisher=Câmara Municipal de Viseu |access-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925111344/http://www.cm-viseu.pt/index.php/conhecer-viseu/historico/historia |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Suebic peoples, by the middle of the 6th century, had already established a community, with a bishop that existed at the suffrage of [[Braga|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Braga]].<ref name=CMHistoria/> With the arrival of [[Moors|North African Muslims]], the Visigoths escaped the territory to the distant mountains of Asturias.<ref name=CMHistoria/>


The lands of Viseu frequently switched hands between the Christians and [[Moors]], and was definitely taken in 1058, due to the victory of [[Ferdinand I of León]].<ref name=CMHistoria/> But, his siege left such destruction that only in 1147-1148, during the [[Reconquista]], that the [[Diocese of Viseu]] had the conditions to support a Bishop.<ref name=CMHistoria/> For many years it had been absorbed by the Bishopric of Coimbra, due to the intervention of the priors, including S. Teotónio. Viseu began recuperating its importance as an urban centre; ''"rapidly, [it] recuperated its lost transitory brilliance or worsened its activities and differentiation social"''.<ref name=CMHistoria/> It was another three centuries of laborious peace that allowed it to grow once more. It was following the death of D. Fernando, the Castilians sought to enforce (by force-of-arms), its rights to the lands/territories of the County of Portugal.<ref name=CMHistoria/>
The lands of Viseu frequently switched hands between the Christians and [[Moors]], who referred to Viseu as Bazu,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ferreira |first=Manuel dos Santos da Cerveira Pinto |year=2004 |title=O Douro no Garb al-Ândalus: A região de Lamego durante a presença árabe |chapter=A cidade de Lamengo durante o domínio árabe/islâmico |chapter-url=https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/3001/9/08.A%20cidade%20de%20Lamego%20durante%20o%20dom%C3%ADnio%20%C3%A1rabe.pdf |type=thesis |work=Universidade do Minho |language=pt |page=117 |access-date=2 August 2018}}</ref> and was definitely taken in 1058, due to the victory of [[Ferdinand I of León]].<ref name=CMHistoria/> But, his siege left such destruction that only in 1147–1148, during the [[Reconquista]], that the [[Diocese of Viseu]] had the conditions to support a bishop.<ref name=CMHistoria/> For many years it had been absorbed by the Bishopric of Coimbra, due to the intervention of the priors, including S. Teotónio. Viseu began recuperating its importance as an urban centre; ''"rapidly, [it] recuperated its lost transitory brilliance or worsened its activities and differentiation social"''.<ref name=CMHistoria/> It was another three centuries of laborious peace that allowed Viseu to grow once more. It was following the [[1383–85 Crisis|death of King Ferdinand I]], the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilians]] sought to enforce (by force-of-arms), its rights to the lands/territories of the County of Portugal.<ref name=CMHistoria/>


During [[County of Portugal|Countship of Portugal]], Viseu served as the seat of the Corte of [[Henry, Count of Portugal]] and [[Teresa, Countess of Portugal|Countess Teresa]], who granted a [[foral]] to the city in 1123. Viseu is one of the possible birthplaces of their son [[Afonso Henriques]] in 1109. Following his successful defense of his hereditary rights, and supported by nobles and clergy, Afonso Henriques founded the kingdom of Portugal.<ref name=CMHistoria/> Viseu was granted a new charter 1187, that was later reinforced by his grandson, King [[Afonso II of Portugal]], in 1217.
During [[County of Portugal|Countship of Portugal]], Viseu served as the seat of the Corte of [[Henry, Count of Portugal]] and [[Teresa, Countess of Portugal|Countess Teresa]], who granted a [[foral]] to the city in 1123. Viseu is one of the possible birthplaces of their son [[Afonso Henriques]] in 1109. Following the successful defense of his hereditary rights, and supported by nobles and clergy, Afonso Henriques founded the kingdom of Portugal.<ref name=CMHistoria/> Viseu was granted a new charter 1187, that was later reinforced by his grandson, King [[Afonso II of Portugal]], in 1217.


During the [[1383–85 Crisis]], the city was besieged by the forces of [[Juan I of Castile]], leading to King [[John I of Portugal]] starting construction on a series of defensive fortifications which would continue being built until the reign of King [[Afonso V of Portugal]].
During the [[1383–85 Crisis]], the city was besieged by the forces of [[Juan I of Castile]], leading to King [[John I of Portugal]] starting construction on a series of defensive fortifications which would continue being built until the reign of King [[Afonso V of Portugal]].
Line 45: Line 57:
The city became part of a fiefdom, when [[Prince Henry the Navigator]], son of King [[John I of Portugal]], was made [[Duke of Viseu]], in 1415.
The city became part of a fiefdom, when [[Prince Henry the Navigator]], son of King [[John I of Portugal]], was made [[Duke of Viseu]], in 1415.


In 1475, [[Grão Vasco|Vasco Fernandes]], famed artist of the [[Portuguese Renaissance]], was born in the city,
In 1475, [[Grão Vasco|Vasco Fernandes]], a famed artist of the [[Portuguese Renaissance]], was born in the city,


In 1513, King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] renewed the charter of Viseu and a series of works were taken on throughout the city, with the opening of the first square of the city, the ''Rossio''.
In 1513, King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] renewed the charter of Viseu and a series of works were taken on throughout the city, with the opening of the first square of the city, the ''Rossio''.


In the 19th century, a new Municipal Palace was built in the Rossio, significantly altering the flow of the city, moving it away from the mediaeval center to newer parts of the city.
In the 19th century, a new Municipal Palace was built in the Rossio, significantly altering the flow of the city, moving it away from the medieval center to newer parts of the city.


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Igreja da Misericórdia de Viseu.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The Church of Mercy or Igreja da Misericórdia.]]
[[File:Igreja da Misericórdia de Viseu.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The Church of Mercy or Igreja da Misericórdia.]]
Viseu is approximately {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=on}} East of the Atlantic ocean. Surrounded by a number of mountains - Leomil, [[Montemuro]], Lapa, Arada, [[Serra da Estrela|Estrela]] and [[Caramulo]] - the tops of which are covered with thick layers of snow in Winter time, the district is crossed by a network of rivers and streamlets.
Viseu is approximately {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=on}} East of the Atlantic Ocean. Surrounded by a number of mountains – Leomil, [[Montemuro]], Lapa, Arada, [[Serra da Estrela|Estrela]] and [[Caramulo]] – the tops of which are covered with thick layers of snow in Winter time, the district is crossed by a network of rivers and streamlets.


The city of Viseu has an almost central position in relation to the District lying on the so-called Viseu Plateau (Port. ''Planalto de Viseu''). It is surrounded by a mountainous system constituted to the north by the Leonil, Montemuro, and Lapa hills, to the northeast by the Arado hills, to the south and southeast by the ''[[Serra da Estrela]]'' and the Lousã hills and to the west by the Caramulo hills.
The city of Viseu has an almost central position in relation to the District lying on the so-called Viseu Plateau (in Portuguese ''Planalto de Viseu''). It is surrounded by a mountainous system constituted to the north by the Leonil, Montemuro, and Lapa hills, to the northeast by the Arado hills, to the south and southeast by the ''[[Serra da Estrela]]'' and the Lousã hills and to the west by the Caramulo hills.


The Municipality is characterized by an irregular surface with altitudes ranging between 400 and 700 metres. With a rough terrain, it has numerous water courses. These are found in three basins: the Vouga, the [[Rio Dão|Dão]] and the Paiva.
The Municipality is characterized by an irregular surface with altitudes ranging between {{convert|400|and|700|m|abbr=off}}. With rough terrain, it has numerous water courses. These are found in three basins: the Vouga, the [[Rio Dão|Dão]] and the Paiva.


===Climate===
===Climate===
Situated in a zone of transition, the ''[[concelho]]'' has several micro-climates. The ''Serra do Caramulo'', located to the west of the city, plays an important role in climatic terms by lessening the influences of the western air masses (although the [[Mondego River]]'s basin makes the penetration easier). Consequently, Viseu's climate is characterized by the existence of high temperature extremes, with cold and wet winters and hot and dry summers.
Situated in a zone of transition, the ''[[concelho]]'' has several micro-climates. The [[Serra do Caramulo]], located to the west of the city, plays an important role in climatic terms by lessening the influences of the western air masses (although the [[Mondego River]]'s basin makes the penetration easier). Consequently, Viseu's climate is characterized by the existence of high temperature extremes, with cold and wet winters and hot and dry summers.


Viseu has a [[mediterranean climate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=591895&cityname=Viseu%2C+Viseu%2C+Portugal&units=|title=Viseu, Portugal Climate Summary|publisher=Weatherbase|accessdate=21 March 2015}}</ref> that is between the warm and hot-summer classifications, with the 1981-2010 averages indicating it being just below the {{convert|22|C|F}} isotherm.<ref name="IPMA">{{cite web|url=http://www.ipma.pt/en/oclima/normais.clima/1981-2010/022/|title=Climate Normals for Viseu 1981-2010|publisher=IPMA|accessdate=21 March 2015}}</ref> Its inland position and relative altitude contributes to cooler winters than in coastal areas of the country, as well as a relatively large [[diurnal temperature variation]] as well as lower averages than more low-lying inland cities in the central-north area of the country such as [[Castelo Branco, Portugal|Castelo Branco]]. In spite of its inland position, the maritime influence is strong enough for there to be a [[seasonal lag]] resulting in September averaging similar temperatures as June for the 1981-2010 reference period. This also applies to October and May. However, temperatures drop sharply in November, resulting in a smaller lag for the winter season. July and August are the driest and hottest months, with daytime highs averaging {{convert|29.6|C|F}} for both months. Winters are much wetter with an average December precipitation of {{convert|203.4|mm|in}}.<ref name="IPMA"/>
Viseu has a [[Mediterranean climate]] (''Csb'', bordering ''Csa''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=591895&cityname=Viseu%2C+Viseu%2C+Portugal&units=|title=Viseu, Portugal Climate Summary|publisher=Weatherbase|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref> with the 1981–2010 averages indicating it just below the {{convert|22|C|F}} isotherm.<ref name="IPMA">{{cite web|url=http://www.ipma.pt/en/oclima/normais.clima/1981-2010/022/|title=Climate Normals for Viseu 1981-2010|publisher=IPMA|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref> Its inland position and relative altitude contribute to cooler winters than in coastal areas of the country, with an average of 31 days with frost per year;<ref name=ipma /> as well as a relatively large [[diurnal temperature variation]] and lower averages than more low-lying inland cities in the central-north area of the country such as [[Castelo Branco, Portugal|Castelo Branco]]. In spite of its inland position, the maritime influence is strong enough for there to be a [[seasonal lag]] resulting in September averaging similar temperatures as June for the 1981–2010 reference period. This also applies to October and May. However, temperatures drop sharply in November, resulting in a smaller lag for the winter season. July and August are the driest and hottest months, with daytime highs averaging {{convert|29.6|C|F}} for both months. Winters are much wetter with an average December precipitation of {{convert|203.4|mm|in|0}}.<ref name="IPMA"/>


{{Weather box|location = Viseu
{{Weather box
| location = Viseu, 1981-2010 normals and extremes, altitude: {{convert|443|m|abbr=on}}
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 20.7
| Feb record high C = 22.6
| Mar record high C = 27.6
| Apr record high C = 30.3
| May record high C = 33.0
| Jun record high C = 39.0
| Jul record high C = 40.5
| Aug record high C = 40.4
| Sep record high C = 39.6
| Oct record high C = 31.2
| Nov record high C = 27.3
| Dec record high C = 22.5
| year record high C = 40.5
| Jan high C = 11.9
| Feb high C = 13.8
| Mar high C = 16.9
| Apr high C = 17.6
| May high C = 20.6
| Jun high C = 26.2
| Jul high C = 29.6
| Aug high C = 29.6
| Sep high C = 26.1
| Oct high C = 20.1
| Nov high C = 15.1
| Dec high C = 12.7
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 7.1
| Feb mean C = 8.6
| Mar mean C = 11.0
| Apr mean C = 11.9
| May mean C = 14.7
| Jun mean C = 19.0
| Jul mean C = 21.7
| Aug mean C = 21.6
| Sep mean C = 19.0
| Oct mean C = 14.7
| Nov mean C = 10.6
| Dec mean C = 8.5
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 2.2
| Feb low C = 3.3
| Mar low C = 5.2
| Apr low C = 6.2
| May low C = 8.8
| Jun low C = 11.7
| Jul low C = 13.8
| Aug low C = 13.5
| Sep low C = 11.9
| Oct low C = 9.1
| Nov low C = 6.0
| Dec low C = 4.2
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = -6.6
| Feb record low C = -7.3
| Mar record low C = -5.4
| Apr record low C = -2.6
| May record low C = -0.5
| Jun record low C = 2.6
| Jul record low C = 5.3
| Aug record low C = 6.0
| Sep record low C = 3.0
| Oct record low C = 0.7
| Nov record low C = -3.5
| Dec record low C = -5.0
| year record low C =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 153.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 105.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 79.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 113.6
| May precipitation mm = 103.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 35.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 19.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 17.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 66.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 147.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 155.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 203.4
| year precipitation mm =
| source 1 = [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera]]<ref name="IPMA"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Plano Municipal de Defesa da Floresta Contra Incêndios |url=https://www.cm-mortagua.pt/docs/GTF/PMDFCI_2021_2030_MORTAGUA.pdf |publisher=Mortágua Municipality |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref>
| source =
}}

{{Weather box|location = [[Viseu Airport]], 1981-2010 normals and extremes, altitude: {{convert|644|m|abbr=on}}
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 19.5
|Feb record high C = 21.3
|Mar record high C = 25.8
|Apr record high C = 28.3
|May record high C = 33.2
|Jun record high C = 35.4
|Jul record high C = 39.4
|Aug record high C = 38.6
|Sep record high C = 37.0
|Oct record high C = 29.4
|Nov record high C = 23.4
|Dec record high C = 19.0
|year record high C =

|Jan high C = 10.4
|Feb high C = 12.3
|Mar high C = 15.5
|Apr high C = 16.4
|May high C = 19.4
|Jun high C = 24.4
|Jul high C = 27.6
|Aug high C = 28.0
|Sep high C = 23.8
|Oct high C = 18.4
|Nov high C = 13.3
|Dec high C = 10.7
|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 7.1
|Feb mean C = 8.4
|Mar mean C = 11.0
|Apr mean C = 11.8
|May mean C = 14.5
|Jun mean C = 18.7
|Jul mean C = 21.1
|Aug mean C = 21.6
|Sep mean C = 18.5
|Oct mean C = 14.5
|Nov mean C = 10.0
|Dec mean C = 7.7
|year mean C =

|Jan low C = 3.8
|Feb low C = 4.5
|Mar low C = 6.4
|Apr low C = 7.1
|May low C = 9.6
|Jun low C = 13.0
|Jul low C = 14.5
|Aug low C = 15.3
|Sep low C = 13.2
|Oct low C = 10.7
|Nov low C = 6.7
|Dec low C = 4.6
|year low C =

|Jan record low C = -4.2
|Feb record low C = -4.5
|Mar record low C = -6.8
|Apr record low C = -1.2
|May record low C = 1.8
|Jun record low C = 5.6
|Jul record low C = 7.3
|Aug record low C = 7.6
|Sep record low C = 5.8
|Oct record low C = 2.2
|Nov record low C = -0.9
|Dec record low C = -2.9
|year record low C =

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 183.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 103.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 98.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 118.7
|May precipitation mm = 98.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 37.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 19.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 28.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 60.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 173.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 161.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 201.0
|year precipitation mm =
|source 1 = [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Normal Climatológica – Viseu 1981-2010 |url=https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_81-10_VISEU_CC.pdf |publisher=[[IPMA]] |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box|location = Viseu, 1971-2000 normals and extremes
|metric first = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high C = 20.0
|Jan record high C = 20.0
|Feb record high C = 22.6
|Feb record high C = 22.5
|Mar record high C = 27.6
|Mar record high C = 27.4
|Apr record high C = 30.3
|Apr record high C = 30.3
|May record high C = 33.0
|May record high C = 33.0
Line 77: Line 267:
|Sep record high C = 39.6
|Sep record high C = 39.6
|Oct record high C = 31.2
|Oct record high C = 31.2
|Nov record high C = 27.3
|Nov record high C = 24.6
|Dec record high C = 22.5
|Dec record high C = 22.5
|year record high C = 40.5
|year record high C = 40.5
|Jan high C = 11.9
|Jan high C = 11.6
|Feb high C = 13.8
|Feb high C = 13.2
|Mar high C = 16.9
|Mar high C = 15.9
|Apr high C = 17.6
|Apr high C = 17.1
|May high C = 20.6
|May high C = 20.2
|Jun high C = 26.2
|Jun high C = 25.4
|Jul high C = 29.6
|Jul high C = 29.2
|Aug high C = 29.6
|Aug high C = 29.2
|Sep high C = 26.1
|Sep high C = 25.9
|Oct high C = 21.0
|Oct high C = 19.8
|Nov high C = 15.6
|Nov high C = 15.0
|Dec high C = 12.4
|Dec high C = 12.4
|year high C = 19.2
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 7.1
|Jan mean C = 6.9
|Feb mean C = 8.6
|Feb mean C = 8.4
|Mar mean C = 11.0
|Mar mean C = 10.3
|Apr mean C = 11.9
|Apr mean C = 11.5
|May mean C = 14.7
|May mean C = 14.3
|Jun mean C = 19.0
|Jun mean C = 18.4
|Jul mean C = 21.7
|Jul mean C = 21.4
|Aug mean C = 21.6
|Aug mean C = 21.1
|Sep mean C = 19.0
|Sep mean C = 18.8
|Oct mean C = 14.7
|Oct mean C = 14.2
|Nov mean C = 10.6
|Nov mean C = 10.2
|Dec mean C = 8.5
|Dec mean C = 8.1
|year mean C = 14.0
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = 2.2
|Jan low C = 2.2
|Feb low C = 3.3
|Feb low C = 3.5
|Mar low C = 5.2
|Mar low C = 4.6
|Apr low C = 6.2
|Apr low C = 6.0
|May low C = 8.8
|May low C = 8.5
|Jun low C = 11.7
|Jun low C = 11.5
|Jul low C = 13.8
|Jul low C = 13.5
|Aug low C = 13.5
|Aug low C = 13.0
|Sep low C = 11.9
|Sep low C = 11.7
|Oct low C = 9.1
|Oct low C = 8.5
|Nov low C = 6.0
|Nov low C = 5.3
|Dec low C = 4.2
|Dec low C = 3.8
|year low C = 7.9
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = -6.6
|Jan record low C = -6.6
|Feb record low C = -7.3
|Feb record low C = -7.3
|Mar record low C = -5.4
|Mar record low C = -5.4
|Apr record low C = -2.6
|Apr record low C = -3.8
|May record low C = -0.5
|May record low C = -0.5
|Jun record low C = 2.6
|Jun record low C = 2.0
|Jul record low C = 5.3
|Jul record low C = 5.3
|Aug record low C = 6.0
|Aug record low C = 6.0
|Sep record low C = 3.0
|Sep record low C = 2.0
|Oct record low C = 0.7
|Oct record low C = -2.8
|Nov record low C = -3.5
|Nov record low C = -3.6
|Dec record low C = -5.0
|Dec record low C = -5.0
|year record low C = -7.3
|year record low C = -7.3
|Jan precipitation mm = 153.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Feb precipitation mm = 105.6
|Jan precipitation mm = 155.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 79.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 133.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 113.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 74.8
|May precipitation mm = 103.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 105.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 35.2
|May precipitation mm = 95.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 46.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 19.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 19.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 17.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 17.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 66.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 57.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 147.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 133.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 155.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 135.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 203.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 195.4
|year precipitation mm = 1198.5
|year precipitation mm =
|source 1 = <ref name=Weatherbase.org>{{cite web|url =http://www.ipma.pt/en/oclima/normais.clima/1981-2010/022/|title=Climate Normals - Viseu 1981-2010|publisher=Portuguese Institute of Meteorology|accessdate = 21 March 2015}}</ref>
|source 1 = [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera]]<ref name=ipma>{{cite web|url =https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_71-00_VISEU.pdf|title=Climate Normals - Viseu 1971-2000|publisher=Portuguese Institute of Meteorology|access-date = 29 August 2020}}</ref>
}}
}}


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{{stack|
{{stack|
{{Historical populations
{{Historical populations
|title = Population of Viseu<br><small>(1801 - 2011)</small>
|title = Population of Viseu<br><small>(1801–2011)</small>
| 1801 | 33699
|1801 |33699
| 1849 | 36049
|1849 |36049
| 1900 | 54047
|1900 |54047
| 1930 | 61140
|1930 |61140
| 1960 | 79890
|1960 |79890
| 1981 | 83261
|1981 |83261
| 1991 | 83601
|1991 |83601
| 2001 | 93501
|2001 |93501
| 2011 | 99274
|2011 |99274
}}
}}
}}
}}
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 25 [[Freguesia (Portugal)|civil parishes]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 141-142|url=http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2013/01/01901/0000200147.pdf |accessdate=5 August 2014|author=''[[Diário da República]]''|language=Portuguese|format=pdf}}</ref>
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 25 [[Freguesia (Portugal)|civil parishes]]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 141-142|url=http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2013/01/01901/0000200147.pdf |access-date=5 August 2014|author=Diário da República|author-link=Diário da República|language=pt}}</ref>
{{div col|3}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Abraveses]]
* [[Abraveses]]
* Barreiros e Cepões
* Barreiros e Cepões
* Boa Aldeia, Farminhão e Torredeita
* Boa Aldeia, Farminhão e Torredeita
* Bodiosa
* Bodiosa
* Calde
* [[Calde]]
* Campo
* Campo
* Cavernães
* Cavernães
Line 196: Line 387:
==International relations==
==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal}}
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal}}
Viseu is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M3500 |title=Geminações de Cidades e Vilas: Viseu |publisher=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses |language=Portuguese |accessdate=2015-05-29}}</ref>
As of 2023, Viseu is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seara.com |title=Cidades Geminadas |url=https://www.cm-viseu.pt/pt/municipio/cidades-geminadas/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=Câmara Municipal de Viseu |language=pt}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Lublin]], Poland<ref name="Lublin twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.lublin.eu/Miasta_partnerskie_Lublina-1-443-3-413_436.html|title=Miasta Partnerskie Lublina|accessdate = 2013-08-07|work=[http://www.lublin.eu/ Urząd Miasta Lublin][City of Lublin]|language=Polish|trans_title=Lublin - Partnership Cities|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130116171020/http://lublin.eu/Miasta_partnerskie_Lublina-1-443-3-413_436.html|archivedate=2013-01-16}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marly-le-Roi]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|CIV}} [[Abidjan]], Ivory Coast
*{{flagicon|CPV}} [[São Filipe, Cape Verde|São Filipe]], [[Cape Verde]]
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arezzo]], Italy
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arezzo]], [[Italy]]
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Campinas]], Brazil
*{{flagicon|STP}} [[Cantagalo District|Cantagalo]], São Tomé and Príncipe
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Elvas]], Portugal
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Haskovo]], Bulgaria
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Lublin]], Poland
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Marly-le-Roi]], France
*{{flagicon|MOZ}} [[Matola]], Mozambique
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
*{{flagicon|CPV}} [[São Filipe, Cape Verde (municipality)|São Filipe]], Cape Verde
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Taiyuan]], China
{{div col end}}


==Economy==
==Economy==
The city and the region are famous for its wine ([[Dão Wine]]) and the Dão Wine institute, the ''Solar do Vinho do Dão'' can be found in the city. There is also an annual fair, the ''Feira de São Mateus''. Furthermore, Viseu is also known for local handicrafts which include black pottery, bobbin lace, embroidery, and copper and wrought iron articles. With the good connections to major industrial centers and to the ports of [[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]] and [[Leixões]], several industries have been installed in Viseu. [[Visabeira]], a Portugal-based international conglomerate with interests in telecommunications, construction, industry, tourism, real estate and diversified services is headquartered in the city. Viseu also boasts a central hospital (Hospital of São Teotónio), two shopping & cinema complexes (the ''Fórum'' (2005) and the ''Palácio do Gelo'' (2008)), and numerous hostels and hotels in all categories.
The city and the region are famous for its wine ([[Dão Wine]]) and the Dão Wine Institute, the ''Solar do Vinho do Dão'' can be found in the city. There is also an annual fair, the ''Feira de São Mateus''. Furthermore, Viseu is also known for local handicrafts which include black pottery, bobbin lace, embroidery, and copper and wrought iron articles. With the good connections to major industrial centers and to the ports of [[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]] and [[Leixões]], several industries have been installed in Viseu. [[Visabeira]], a Portugal-based international conglomerate with interests in telecommunications, construction, industry, tourism, real estate and diversified services is headquartered in the city. Viseu also hosts a central hospital (Hospital of São Teotónio), two shopping & cinema complexes (the ''Fórum'' (2005) and the ''Palácio do Gelo'' (2008)), and numerous hostels and hotels in all categories.


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
The city of Viseu has a bus network - STUV - which operates several lines within the entire municipality and a recently installed funicular connecting the lower city with the upper city. The A25 motorway (former IP5) connects Viseu to the seaport of [[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]] and [[Guarda, Portugal|Guarda]] and then on to [[Salamanca]] in Spain. The IP3 and A24, connecting [[Coimbra]] with [[Chaves, Portugal|Chaves]] on the Spanish border, crosses Viseu from south to north. Until the nineteen eighties Viseu had railway connections with the coast, but these were closed.
The city of Viseu has a bus network – MUV – which operates several lines within the entire municipality and a recently installed funicular connecting the lower city with the upper city. The A25 motorway (formerly called IP5) connects Viseu to the seaport of [[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]] and [[Guarda, Portugal|Guarda]] and then on to [[Salamanca]] in Spain. The IP3 and A24, connecting [[Coimbra]] with [[Chaves, Portugal|Chaves]] on the Spanish border, cross Viseu from south to north. Until the nineteen eighties Viseu had railway connections with the coast, but these were closed.


Viseu is now one of the largest cities in Europe without a railway connection. Once it was connected to Aveiro (via the [[Vouga line]], a narrow gauge railway), and [[Santa Comba Dão]] (on the [[Dão line]], another narrow gauge railway), where it had connection to the Linha da Beira Alta (broad gauge; international). The Dão line closed to passengers in 1988.
Viseu is now one of the largest cities in Europe without a railway connection. Once it was connected to Aveiro (via the [[Vouga line]], a narrow gauge railway), and [[Santa Comba Dão]] (on the [[Dão line]], another narrow gauge railway), where it had a connection to the Linha da Beira Alta (broad gauge; international). The Dão line closed to passengers in 1988.


The municipality has an airfield - the [[Viseu Airport]] (code VSE) in Lobato, parish of Lordosa, Viseu - that offers schedules commercial flights to some domestic destinations with [[Aero VIP (Portugal)|Aero VIP]].
The municipality has an airfield – the [[Viseu Airport]] (code VSE) also known as Lobato, parish of Lordosa, Viseu – that offers scheduled commercial flights to some domestic destinations with [[Aero VIP (Portugal)|Aero VIP]].


==Education==
==Education==
Viseu is the location of the state-run ''[[Instituto Politécnico de Viseu]]'' which has [[higher education]] [[polytechnic (Portugal)|polytechnic]] schools of education, technology and management, and agronomy. The city's political and civic groups have been pressuring the national government to upgrade this school into a [[university]], but its desire was never achieved. However, there are 2 [[private university]] institutions, the ''[[Universidade Católica Portuguesa]]'' and the ''[[Instituto Piaget]]''. Furthermore, since the [[Bologna process]], the difference between universities and polytechnics are less relevant, with the exception of some degrees like medicine, economics or law, that are only awarded in universities.
Viseu is the location of the state-run ''[[Instituto Politécnico de Viseu]]'' which has [[higher education]] [[polytechnic (Portugal)|polytechnic]] schools of education, technology and management, and agronomy. The city's political and civic groups have been pressuring the national government to upgrade this school into a [[university]], but its desire was never achieved. However, there are 2 [[private university]] institutions, the ''[[Universidade Católica Portuguesa]]'' and the ''[[Instituto Piaget]]''. Furthermore, since the [[Bologna process]], the difference between universities and polytechnics is less relevant, with the exception of some degrees like medicine, economics or law, that are only awarded in universities.


There are three secondary education (the Portuguese equivalent of High School) establishments: the ''Escola Secundária de Viriato'', ''Escola Secundária Alves Martins'' and ''Escola Secundária Emídio Navarro''.
There are three secondary education (the Portuguese equivalent of High School) establishments: the ''Escola Secundária de Viriato'', ''Escola Secundária Alves Martins'' and ''Escola Secundária Emídio Navarro''.


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Viseu - Sé 1.jpg|Cathedral of Viseu
File:Viseu - Sé 1.jpg|Cathedral of Viseu
File:SJTarouca.jpg|São João da Tarouca convent
File:SJTarouca.jpg|São João da Tarouca convent
Line 232: Line 433:
File:Viseu - Palácio do Gelo - Etages intérieurs.JPG|Palácio do Gelo, Viseu
File:Viseu - Palácio do Gelo - Etages intérieurs.JPG|Palácio do Gelo, Viseu
File:Viseu - Banco de Portugal (2).jpg|Bank of Portugal
File:Viseu - Banco de Portugal (2).jpg|Bank of Portugal
File:Visecentro.JPG|Town centre of Viseu
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Notable citizens==
==Notable citizens==
[[File:Batalha-Mosteiro de Santa Maria da Vitoria-346-Eduard von Aragon-2011-gje.jpg|140px|thumb|Edward, King of Portugal in Monastery Santa Maria da Vitoria in Batalha]]
* [[Grão Vasco|Vasco Fernandes]] (c.1475-c.1542), better known as ''Grão Vasco'', one of the principal Portuguese painters of the [[Renaissance]];

* [[Carlos Lopes]] (born 18 February 1947), is a former [[long-distance runner]], winner of the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] [[Marathon (sport)|marathon]], at the time it was the first Olympic hold metal and world record;
* [[Edward, King of Portugal]] (1391–1438), known as ''Duarte'', [[List of Portuguese monarchs|King of Portugal]], 1433 to 1438
* [[Manuel Maria Carrilho]] (9 July 1951) is a philosopher, academic and [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]] politician, as Minister of Culture (from 1995 to 2000);
* [[Grão Vasco|Vasco Fernandes]] (ca.1475 – ca.1542), better known as ''[[Grão Vasco]]'', one of the principal Portuguese [[Renaissance]] painters
* [[Paulo Sousa]] (born 30 August 1970) is a former-[[Association football|footballer]], who played as a [[Midfielder#Defensive midfielder|defensive midfielder]], and later coach for Italian club [[ACF Fiorentina]];
* [[João de Barros]] (ca.1496 – 1570) [[historian]], famous for his ''[[Décadas da Ásia]]'', a history of the Portuguese in [[India]], [[Asia]], and southeast [[Africa]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Barros, João de | volume= 03 | page = 439 |last1= Prestage |first1= Edgar |author-link= Edgar Prestage |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Álvaro Santos Pereira]] (born 7 January 1972) is an economist, professor, writer, as well as former Minister of Economy, Labour, Transport, Public Works and Communications of Portugal between June 2011 and July 2013.
* [[Antonio Thomás|Antonio Thomas]] (ca.1520 – 1590s) a marine and [[conquistador]] in service of the Spanish crown.
* [[Manuel de Almeida]] (1580–1646) member of the [[Society of Jesus]], missionary to India
* [[Beatriz Pinheiro]] (1872–1922) a writer and a pacifist concerned to improve the rights of women.
* [[Judite Teixeira]] (1880-1959) a writer of three books of poetry and a book of short stories
* [[Carlos de Liz-Texeira Branquinho]] (1902–1973) a Portuguese diplomat, saved the lives of 1,000 Jews in Nazi-occupied Hungary
* [[Manuel Maria Carrilho]] (born 1951) a philosopher, academic and politician; Minister of Culture, 1995 to 2000
* [[Álvaro Santos Pereira]] (born 1972) an economist, professor, writer and Govt. minister 2011/2013.

=== Sport ===
[[File:Carlos Lopes2.jpg|thumb|140px|Carlos Lopes, 1985]]
* [[Carlos Lopes]] (born 1947 in Vildemoinhos) a former [[long-distance runner]], won the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] [[Marathon (sport)|marathon]]; the first Portuguese Olympic gold medalist
* [[Paulo Sousa]] (born 1970) is a former footballer, with 256 club caps and 51 for [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]], later coach for [[ACF Fiorentina]] and the [[Poland national football team]].
* [[Paulo Gomes (footballer, born 4 March 1975)|Paulo Gomes]] (born 1975) a retired footballer with 296 club caps
* [[Bruno Madeira]] (born 1984) a footballer with over 360 club caps
* [[Fernando Ferreira (footballer)|Fernando Ferreira]] (born 1986) a footballer with over 330 club caps
* [[Tiago Gonçalves]] (born 1986) a footballer with 247 caps with [[Académico de Viseu F.C.|Académico de Viseu]]
* [[Fábio Santos (footballer, born 1988)|Fábio Santos]] (born 1988) footballer with over 300 club caps, plays for [[Académico de Viseu F.C.|Académico de Viseu]]
* [[Neide Simões]] (born 1988) a women's football goalkeeper, played 60 times for the [[Portugal women's national football team]]
* [[Bruno Loureiro]] (born 1989) a footballer with over 270 club caps, plays for [[Académico de Viseu F.C.|Académico de Viseu]]
* [[André Coelho]] (born 1993) a futsal player with 41 caps with the [[Portugal national futsal team]]
* [[Rui Miguel (footballer, born 1983)|Rui Miguel]] (born 1983) a footballer with over 330 club caps
* [[João Félix]] (born 1999) a football player with [[Chelsea FC]], with 51 caps for [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]]
*[[António Silva (footballer)|António Silva]], footballer born 2003


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Viseu}}
{{Commons category|Viseu}}
{{Wikivoyage}}


{{Municipalities of Viseu}}
{{Municipalities of Viseu}}


{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Viseu| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Portugal]]
[[Category:Cities in Portugal]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Portugal]]
[[Category:Populated places in Viseu District]]
[[Category:Populated places in Viseu District]]
[[Category:Viseu| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Viseu District]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Viseu District]]

Latest revision as of 05:08, 21 October 2024

This article is about the Portuguese municipality. For other uses, see Viseu (disambiguation).
Viseu
Municipality
Clockwise: View of Viseu; historic center; Igreja da Misericórdia; Praça D. Duarte; Viseu Cathedral.
Flag of Viseu
Flag
Coat of arms of Viseu
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 40°40′N 7°55′W / 40.667°N 7.917°W / 40.667; -7.917
Country Portugal
RegionCentro
Intermunic. comm.Viseu Dão Lafões
DistrictViseu
Parishes25
Government
 • PresidentFernando Ruas (PSD)
Area
 • Total
507.10 km2 (195.79 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
100,105
 • Density200/km2 (510/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+00:00 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Local holidaySeptember 21
Websitewww.cm-viseu.pt

Viseu (Portuguese pronunciation: [viˈzew] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Centro Region of Portugal and the capital of the district of the same name, with a population of 100,105 inhabitants[1] in the entire municipality, and center of the Viseu Dão Lafões intermunipical community, with 267,633 inhabitants.

Settled during the period of the early Iberian Castro culture, the territory of Viseu was populated by a series of cultures including the Romans, Suebs, Visigoths and Moors. During the Roman occupation of Iberia, Viriathus, the rebel leader of the Lusitanians, is assumed to have lived for a time in the vicinity. During the Middle Ages, the city often served as a seat for Visigothic nobles (such as King Roderic), and is considered one of the probable birthplaces of Afonso Henriques, first King of Portugal.[citation needed]

Viseu is a regional economic hub with a strong wine industry and is the seat of the international conglomerate Visabeira. The city is also a cultural center, home to the nationally acclaimed Grão Vasco Museum, the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Viseu, and a center for higher learning institutions, namely the Catholic University of Portugal and the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu.

History

[edit]

The origins of the city of Viseu date back to the pre-Roman period, with its name being reconstructed from the indigenous word 'Vissaîegobor' as *Vissaium, perhaps with a latinised suffix.[2]

With its Romanisation the settlement gained importance, being at the intersection of a series of Roman roads linking Mérida, Lisbon, and Galicia.

Viseu is associated with Viriathus, since it is thought[by whom?] that the Lusitanian hero may have been born in this region. After the Roman occupation of the peninsula, under the Visigoths, the settlement was elevated to the status of city and to the seat of a diocese by at least the 6th century.

Middle Ages

[edit]

The origins of Viseu extend to proto-history, when migrating groups settled the territory, including the Celts and Lusitanians. Roman colonists settled in these territories during eras of prosperity and peace, leading eventually to Suebic, Gothic and Muslim cultures.[3] The Suebic peoples, by the middle of the 6th century, had already established a community, with a bishop that existed at the suffrage of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Braga.[3] With the arrival of North African Muslims, the Visigoths escaped the territory to the distant mountains of Asturias.[3]

The lands of Viseu frequently switched hands between the Christians and Moors, who referred to Viseu as Bazu,[4] and was definitely taken in 1058, due to the victory of Ferdinand I of León.[3] But, his siege left such destruction that only in 1147–1148, during the Reconquista, that the Diocese of Viseu had the conditions to support a bishop.[3] For many years it had been absorbed by the Bishopric of Coimbra, due to the intervention of the priors, including S. Teotónio. Viseu began recuperating its importance as an urban centre; "rapidly, [it] recuperated its lost transitory brilliance or worsened its activities and differentiation social".[3] It was another three centuries of laborious peace that allowed Viseu to grow once more. It was following the death of King Ferdinand I, the Castilians sought to enforce (by force-of-arms), its rights to the lands/territories of the County of Portugal.[3]

During Countship of Portugal, Viseu served as the seat of the Corte of Henry, Count of Portugal and Countess Teresa, who granted a foral to the city in 1123. Viseu is one of the possible birthplaces of their son Afonso Henriques in 1109. Following the successful defense of his hereditary rights, and supported by nobles and clergy, Afonso Henriques founded the kingdom of Portugal.[3] Viseu was granted a new charter 1187, that was later reinforced by his grandson, King Afonso II of Portugal, in 1217.

During the 1383–85 Crisis, the city was besieged by the forces of Juan I of Castile, leading to King John I of Portugal starting construction on a series of defensive fortifications which would continue being built until the reign of King Afonso V of Portugal.

The city became part of a fiefdom, when Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King John I of Portugal, was made Duke of Viseu, in 1415.

In 1475, Vasco Fernandes, a famed artist of the Portuguese Renaissance, was born in the city,

In 1513, King Manuel I of Portugal renewed the charter of Viseu and a series of works were taken on throughout the city, with the opening of the first square of the city, the Rossio.

In the 19th century, a new Municipal Palace was built in the Rossio, significantly altering the flow of the city, moving it away from the medieval center to newer parts of the city.

Geography

[edit]
The Church of Mercy or Igreja da Misericórdia.

Viseu is approximately 50 km (31 mi) East of the Atlantic Ocean. Surrounded by a number of mountains – Leomil, Montemuro, Lapa, Arada, Estrela and Caramulo – the tops of which are covered with thick layers of snow in Winter time, the district is crossed by a network of rivers and streamlets.

The city of Viseu has an almost central position in relation to the District lying on the so-called Viseu Plateau (in Portuguese Planalto de Viseu). It is surrounded by a mountainous system constituted to the north by the Leonil, Montemuro, and Lapa hills, to the northeast by the Arado hills, to the south and southeast by the Serra da Estrela and the Lousã hills and to the west by the Caramulo hills.

The Municipality is characterized by an irregular surface with altitudes ranging between 400 and 700 metres (1,300 and 2,300 feet). With rough terrain, it has numerous water courses. These are found in three basins: the Vouga, the Dão and the Paiva.

Climate

[edit]

Situated in a zone of transition, the concelho has several micro-climates. The Serra do Caramulo, located to the west of the city, plays an important role in climatic terms by lessening the influences of the western air masses (although the Mondego River's basin makes the penetration easier). Consequently, Viseu's climate is characterized by the existence of high temperature extremes, with cold and wet winters and hot and dry summers.

Viseu has a Mediterranean climate (Csb, bordering Csa),[5] with the 1981–2010 averages indicating it just below the 22 °C (72 °F) isotherm.[6] Its inland position and relative altitude contribute to cooler winters than in coastal areas of the country, with an average of 31 days with frost per year;[7] as well as a relatively large diurnal temperature variation and lower averages than more low-lying inland cities in the central-north area of the country such as Castelo Branco. In spite of its inland position, the maritime influence is strong enough for there to be a seasonal lag resulting in September averaging similar temperatures as June for the 1981–2010 reference period. This also applies to October and May. However, temperatures drop sharply in November, resulting in a smaller lag for the winter season. July and August are the driest and hottest months, with daytime highs averaging 29.6 °C (85.3 °F) for both months. Winters are much wetter with an average December precipitation of 203.4 millimetres (8 in).[6]

Climate data for Viseu, 1981-2010 normals and extremes, altitude: 443 m (1,453 ft)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.7
(69.3) 		22.6
(72.7) 		27.6
(81.7) 		30.3
(86.5) 		33.0
(91.4) 		39.0
(102.2) 		40.5
(104.9) 		40.4
(104.7) 		39.6
(103.3) 		31.2
(88.2) 		27.3
(81.1) 		22.5
(72.5) 		40.5
(104.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 11.9
(53.4) 		13.8
(56.8) 		16.9
(62.4) 		17.6
(63.7) 		20.6
(69.1) 		26.2
(79.2) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.6
(85.3) 		26.1
(79.0) 		20.1
(68.2) 		15.1
(59.2) 		12.7
(54.9) 		20.0
(68.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.1
(44.8) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.0
(51.8) 		11.9
(53.4) 		14.7
(58.5) 		19.0
(66.2) 		21.7
(71.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		19.0
(66.2) 		14.7
(58.5) 		10.6
(51.1) 		8.5
(47.3) 		14.0
(57.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.2
(36.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		5.2
(41.4) 		6.2
(43.2) 		8.8
(47.8) 		11.7
(53.1) 		13.8
(56.8) 		13.5
(56.3) 		11.9
(53.4) 		9.1
(48.4) 		6.0
(42.8) 		4.2
(39.6) 		8.0
(46.4)
Record low °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		2.6
(36.7) 		5.3
(41.5) 		6.0
(42.8) 		3.0
(37.4) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−7.3
(18.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 153.2
(6.03) 		105.6
(4.16) 		79.0
(3.11) 		113.6
(4.47) 		103.0
(4.06) 		35.2
(1.39) 		19.2
(0.76) 		17.8
(0.70) 		66.0
(2.60) 		147.0
(5.79) 		155.5
(6.12) 		203.4
(8.01) 		1,198.5
(47.2)
Source: Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera[6][8]
Climate data for Viseu Airport, 1981-2010 normals and extremes, altitude: 644 m (2,113 ft)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.5
(67.1) 		21.3
(70.3) 		25.8
(78.4) 		28.3
(82.9) 		33.2
(91.8) 		35.4
(95.7) 		39.4
(102.9) 		38.6
(101.5) 		37.0
(98.6) 		29.4
(84.9) 		23.4
(74.1) 		19.0
(66.2) 		39.4
(102.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.4
(50.7) 		12.3
(54.1) 		15.5
(59.9) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.4
(66.9) 		24.4
(75.9) 		27.6
(81.7) 		28.0
(82.4) 		23.8
(74.8) 		18.4
(65.1) 		13.3
(55.9) 		10.7
(51.3) 		18.4
(65.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.1
(44.8) 		8.4
(47.1) 		11.0
(51.8) 		11.8
(53.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		18.7
(65.7) 		21.1
(70.0) 		21.6
(70.9) 		18.5
(65.3) 		14.5
(58.1) 		10.0
(50.0) 		7.7
(45.9) 		13.7
(56.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8) 		4.5
(40.1) 		6.4
(43.5) 		7.1
(44.8) 		9.6
(49.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		15.3
(59.5) 		13.2
(55.8) 		10.7
(51.3) 		6.7
(44.1) 		4.6
(40.3) 		9.1
(48.4)
Record low °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		1.8
(35.2) 		5.6
(42.1) 		7.3
(45.1) 		7.6
(45.7) 		5.8
(42.4) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−6.8
(19.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 183.2
(7.21) 		103.5
(4.07) 		98.2
(3.87) 		118.7
(4.67) 		98.2
(3.87) 		37.6
(1.48) 		19.5
(0.77) 		28.5
(1.12) 		60.4
(2.38) 		173.7
(6.84) 		161.8
(6.37) 		201.0
(7.91) 		1,284.3
(50.56)
Source: Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera[9]
Climate data for Viseu, 1971-2000 normals and extremes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.0
(68.0) 		22.5
(72.5) 		27.4
(81.3) 		30.3
(86.5) 		33.0
(91.4) 		39.0
(102.2) 		40.5
(104.9) 		40.4
(104.7) 		39.6
(103.3) 		31.2
(88.2) 		24.6
(76.3) 		22.5
(72.5) 		40.5
(104.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9) 		13.2
(55.8) 		15.9
(60.6) 		17.1
(62.8) 		20.2
(68.4) 		25.4
(77.7) 		29.2
(84.6) 		29.2
(84.6) 		25.9
(78.6) 		19.8
(67.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		12.4
(54.3) 		19.6
(67.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4) 		8.4
(47.1) 		10.3
(50.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		14.3
(57.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		21.4
(70.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		18.8
(65.8) 		14.2
(57.6) 		10.2
(50.4) 		8.1
(46.6) 		13.6
(56.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.2
(36.0) 		3.5
(38.3) 		4.6
(40.3) 		6.0
(42.8) 		8.5
(47.3) 		11.5
(52.7) 		13.5
(56.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		11.7
(53.1) 		8.5
(47.3) 		5.3
(41.5) 		3.8
(38.8) 		7.7
(45.8)
Record low °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		2.0
(35.6) 		5.3
(41.5) 		6.0
(42.8) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−7.3
(18.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 155.7
(6.13) 		133.6
(5.26) 		74.8
(2.94) 		105.2
(4.14) 		95.9
(3.78) 		46.1
(1.81) 		19.2
(0.76) 		17.9
(0.70) 		57.0
(2.24) 		133.2
(5.24) 		135.9
(5.35) 		195.4
(7.69) 		1,169.9
(46.04)
Source: Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera[7]

Human geography

[edit]
Population of Viseu
(1801–2011)
YearPop.±%
1801 33,699—    
1849 36,049+7.0%
1900 54,047+49.9%
1930 61,140+13.1%
1960 79,890+30.7%
1981 83,261+4.2%
1991 83,601+0.4%
2001 93,501+11.8%
2011 99,274+6.2%

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 25 civil parishes:[10]

  • Abraveses
  • Barreiros e Cepões
  • Boa Aldeia, Farminhão e Torredeita
  • Bodiosa
  • Calde
  • Campo
  • Cavernães
  • Cota
  • Couto de Baixo e Couto de Cima
  • Faíl e Vila Chã de Sá
  • Fragosela
  • Lordosa
  • Mundão
  • Orgens
  • Povolide
  • Ranhados
  • Repeses e São Salvador
  • Ribafeita
  • Rio de Loba
  • Santos Evos
  • São Cipriano e Vil de Souto
  • São João de Lourosa
  • São Pedro de France
  • Silgueiros
  • Viseu

Due to migration in the 1960s, Viseu suffered a great decline in its population. After the end of the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974), with the return of refugees from the Portuguese African colonies that achieved independence, and resulting economic and demographic growth, starting at the end of the 1970s, the municipality increased its population by about 10 percent, giving it an estimated population of 83,261 people. Afterwards, a stagnation set in, confirmed by the 1991 census which showed a population of 83,601.

International relations

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal

As of 2023, Viseu is twinned with:[11]

Economy

[edit]

The city and the region are famous for its wine (Dão Wine) and the Dão Wine Institute, the Solar do Vinho do Dão can be found in the city. There is also an annual fair, the Feira de São Mateus. Furthermore, Viseu is also known for local handicrafts which include black pottery, bobbin lace, embroidery, and copper and wrought iron articles. With the good connections to major industrial centers and to the ports of Aveiro and Leixões, several industries have been installed in Viseu. Visabeira, a Portugal-based international conglomerate with interests in telecommunications, construction, industry, tourism, real estate and diversified services is headquartered in the city. Viseu also hosts a central hospital (Hospital of São Teotónio), two shopping & cinema complexes (the Fórum (2005) and the Palácio do Gelo (2008)), and numerous hostels and hotels in all categories.

Transportation

[edit]

The city of Viseu has a bus network – MUV – which operates several lines within the entire municipality and a recently installed funicular connecting the lower city with the upper city. The A25 motorway (formerly called IP5) connects Viseu to the seaport of Aveiro and Guarda and then on to Salamanca in Spain. The IP3 and A24, connecting Coimbra with Chaves on the Spanish border, cross Viseu from south to north. Until the nineteen eighties Viseu had railway connections with the coast, but these were closed.

Viseu is now one of the largest cities in Europe without a railway connection. Once it was connected to Aveiro (via the Vouga line, a narrow gauge railway), and Santa Comba Dão (on the Dão line, another narrow gauge railway), where it had a connection to the Linha da Beira Alta (broad gauge; international). The Dão line closed to passengers in 1988.

The municipality has an airfield – the Viseu Airport (code VSE) also known as Lobato, parish of Lordosa, Viseu – that offers scheduled commercial flights to some domestic destinations with Aero VIP.

Education

[edit]

Viseu is the location of the state-run Instituto Politécnico de Viseu which has higher education polytechnic schools of education, technology and management, and agronomy. The city's political and civic groups have been pressuring the national government to upgrade this school into a university, but its desire was never achieved. However, there are 2 private university institutions, the Universidade Católica Portuguesa and the Instituto Piaget. Furthermore, since the Bologna process, the difference between universities and polytechnics is less relevant, with the exception of some degrees like medicine, economics or law, that are only awarded in universities.

There are three secondary education (the Portuguese equivalent of High School) establishments: the Escola Secundária de Viriato, Escola Secundária Alves Martins and Escola Secundária Emídio Navarro.

[edit]
  • Cathedral of Viseu
    Cathedral of Viseu
  • São João da Tarouca convent
    São João da Tarouca convent
  • Viriato Theatre, Portugal
    Viriato Theatre, Portugal
  • Town hall of Viseu
    Town hall of Viseu
  • Towers and façade of the Cathedral
    Towers and façade of the Cathedral
  • Interior of Viseu Cathedral
    Interior of Viseu Cathedral
  • Viseu, Portugal
    Viseu, Portugal
  • Remains of the city wall.
    Remains of the city wall.
  • Altar of Igreja da Misericórdia.
    Altar of Igreja da Misericórdia.
  • View of Viseu
    View of Viseu
  • Viseu's Forum
    Viseu's Forum
  • Palácio do Gelo, Viseu
    Palácio do Gelo, Viseu
  • Bank of Portugal
    Bank of Portugal
  • Town centre of Viseu
    Town centre of Viseu

Notable citizens

[edit]
Edward, King of Portugal in Monastery Santa Maria da Vitoria in Batalha

Sport

[edit]
Carlos Lopes, 1985

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Portal do INE". www.ine.pt. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  2. ^ Ruiz, J. Siles. "Sobre la inscripción lusitano-latina de Visseu". In: Nuevas interpretaciones del Mundo Antiguo: papers in honor of professor José Luis Melena on the occasion of his retirement / coord. por Elena Redondo Moyano, María José García Soler, 2016. pp. 347-356. ISBN 978-84-9082-481-8
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Câmara Municipal, ed. (2015), História (in Portuguese), Viseu, Portugal: Câmara Municipal de Viseu, archived from the original on 25 September 2015, retrieved 24 September 2015
  4. ^ Ferreira, Manuel dos Santos da Cerveira Pinto (2004). "A cidade de Lamengo durante o domínio árabe/islâmico" (PDF). O Douro no Garb al-Ândalus: A região de Lamego durante a presença árabe (thesis) (in Portuguese). p. 117. Retrieved 2 August 2018. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  5. ^ "Viseu, Portugal Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  6. ^ a b c "Climate Normals for Viseu 1981-2010". IPMA. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Climate Normals - Viseu 1971-2000" (PDF). Portuguese Institute of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  8. ^ "Plano Municipal de Defesa da Floresta Contra Incêndios" (PDF). Mortágua Municipality. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  9. ^ "Normal Climatológica – Viseu 1981-2010" (PDF). IPMA. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  10. ^ Diário da República. "Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 141-142" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 August 2014.
  11. ^ Seara.com. "Cidades Geminadas". Câmara Municipal de Viseu (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  12. ^ Prestage, Edgar (1911). "Barros, João de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 03 (11th ed.). p. 439.
[edit]
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