Lutino cockatiel: Difference between revisions

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The lutino cockatiel is one of the most popular mutations of cockatiel, with white to light-yellow feathers and orange/red cheek patches.

The "normal grey" or "wild type" of a cockatiel's plumage is primarily grey with prominent white flashes on the outer edges of each wing.

However, bird breeders can breed for certain traits, and they have been breeding for different color mutations in cockatiels since the 1940s.^[1]

The lutino cockatiel mutation was the second cockatiel mutation to be established in the United States, the first being the pied cockatiel mutation in 1951.^[2]

The lutino appeared in the aviaries of Cliff Barringer of Miami, Florida, United States, in 1958.^[3]^[4]

Genetics

Cockatiels use the ZW sex-determination system. In a simplified form, lutino is determined by a single recessive Z-linked allele. Male lutinos are of genotype $Z^{b}/Z^{b}$ , and female lutinos are of genotype $Z^{b}/W$ . A lutino male crossed with a wild-type female would result in lutino females and wild-type heterozygous males, as shown in the Punnett square.^[5]

Punnett square
	$Z^{B}$	$W$
$Z^{b}$	$Z^{B}/Z^{b}$	$Z^{b}/W$
$Z^{b}$	$Z^{B}/Z^{b}$	$Z^{b}/W$

Sound and appearance

All cockatiel colour genetic mutations have the same calls. The male lutino cockatiels can talk, sing, and dance (shakes head, makes the wings heart-shaped, etc.) to attract female cockatiels. Lutino cockatiels appear as full body in color yellow with two orange circular spots around the ear and cheek area.

Daisy lutino cockatiel
Lutino cockatiel (on right)

Relation with "albino" cockatiel

The "albino" cockatiel also known as the whiteface lutino, is not the result of albinism. It is a breed that combines two genes of whiteface and lutino. The "Whiteface gene" removes all the yellow and orange that would be present in a Lutino, and the "Lutino gene" removes all the black and grey. So it has all white plumage, red eyes and pink feet.^[6] It is quite rare because of its all white plumage.^[7] The male and female of albino cannot be distinguished from their appearance, but need to be distinguished from their behavior or call.

Lutino-pearl cockatiel

The lutino-pearl cockatiel is a composite product of the lutino cockatiel and the pearl cockatiel. It has the appearance of a lutino cockatiel with yellow spots on its body.^[8]^[9]

References

^ "Pied Mutation Cockatiel birds". Archived from the original on 2016-05-26. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
^ animal-world: pied cockatiel
^ "Timeline for Cockatiel Mutations in the US". Archived from the original on 2015-02-15. Retrieved 2015-01-29.
^ the Lutino Cockatiel
^ "Sex Linked Inheritance | Pheasant Genetics". aviangenetics.com. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
^ "Lutino | GTS Cockatiels". Retrieved 2023-01-03.
^ Cosgrove, Nicole (2021-01-13). "Albino Cockatiel Bird Species - Personality, Diet & Care Guide (With Pictures)". Pet Keen. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
^ "Lutino | GTS Cockatiels". Retrieved 2023-01-03.
^ "Cockatiel Mutations: 18 Color Options". beautyofbirds.com. 2021-09-16. Retrieved 2023-03-02.

External links

Cockatiels - National Cockatiel Society
Cockatiel Information Forum and Bulletin Board - Talk Cockatiels
Videos, images and sounds - Internet Bird Collection

[1] "Pied Mutation Cockatiel birds". Archived from the original on 2016-05-26. Retrieved 2015-01-29.

[2] -world: pied cockatiel

[3] "Timeline for Cockatiel Mutations in the US". Archived from the original on 2015-02-15. Retrieved 2015-01-29.

[4] the Lutino Cockatiel

[5] "Sex Linked Inheritance | Pheasant Genetics". aviangenetics.com. Retrieved 2024-08-04.

[6] "Lutino | GTS Cockatiels". Retrieved 2023-01-03.

[7] Cosgrove, Nicole (2021-01-13). "Albino Cockatiel Bird Species - Personality, Diet & Care Guide (With Pictures)". Pet Keen. Retrieved 2023-01-03.

[8] "Lutino | GTS Cockatiels". Retrieved 2023-01-03.

[9] "Cockatiel Mutations: 18 Color Options". beautyofbirds.com. 2021-09-16. Retrieved 2023-03-02.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Variety of cockatiel}}
-{{Taxobox
+[[File:Calopsita jade 2.jpg|thumb|Calopsita Jade]]
-| name = Lutino cockatiel
+The '''lutino cockatiel''' is one of the most popular mutations of [[cockatiel]], with white to light-yellow feathers
-| status =
+and orange/red cheek patches.
-| status_system =
-| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22684828 |title=''Nymphicus hollandicus'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
-| image = Parrot Cockatiel lutino.4months.jpg
-| image_caption =
-| image2 =
-| image2_caption =
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
-| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
-| classis = [[Aves]]
-| ordo = [[Psittaciformes]]
-| superfamilia = [[Cacatuoidea]]
-| familia = [[Cacatuidae]]
-| subfamilia = '''Nymphicinae'''
-| genus = '''''Nymphicus'''''
-| genus_authority =
-| species = '''''N. hollandicus'''''
-| binomial = ''Nymphicus hollandicus''
-| binomial_authority =
-| range_map =
-| range_map_caption =
-| synonyms =
-}}
-'''The Lutino cockatiel''' is one of the most popular mutations of cockatiel, with a mostly white to light-yellow feathers
-and orange cheek patches.
 The "[[Normal grey cockatiel|normal grey]]" or "wild type" of a cockatiel's [[plumage]] is primarily grey with prominent white flashes on the outer edges of each wing.
-However, bird breeders can breed for certain traits, and they have been breeding for different color mutations in cockatiels since the 1940s.<ref>[http://www.birdchannel.com/bird-species/profiles/pied-mutation-cockatiel-2.aspx Pied Mutation Cockatiel birds]</ref>
+However, bird breeders can breed for certain traits, and they have been breeding for different color mutations in cockatiels since the 1940s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.birdchannel.com/bird-species/profiles/pied-mutation-cockatiel-2.aspx |title=Pied Mutation Cockatiel birds |access-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526193648/http://www.birdchannel.com/bird-species/profiles/pied-mutation-cockatiel-2.aspx |archive-date=2016-05-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-The Lutino cockatiel mutation was the second cockatiel mutation to be established in usa, after the first being the [[Pied cockatiel]] mutation in 1951.<ref>[http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/cockatiels/PiedCockatiel.php animal-world: pied cockatiel]</ref>
+The lutino cockatiel mutation was the second cockatiel mutation to be established in the [[United States]], the first being the [[pied cockatiel]] mutation in 1951.<ref>[http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/cockatiels/PiedCockatiel.php animal-world: pied cockatiel]</ref>
-The Lutino appeared in the aviaries of Mr. Cliff Barringer of [[Miami, Florida]], United States, in 1958.<ref>[http://birdsplanet.com/forum/showthread.php?42306-Timeline-for-Cockatiel-Mutations-in-the-US&s=5112f7f52972a0b436d84658549ba2da Timeline for Cockatiel Mutations in the US]</ref>
+The lutino appeared in the aviaries of Cliff Barringer of [[Miami, Florida]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://birdsplanet.com/forum/showthread.php?42306-Timeline-for-Cockatiel-Mutations-in-the-US&s=5112f7f52972a0b436d84658549ba2da |title=Timeline for Cockatiel Mutations in the US |access-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215003120/http://birdsplanet.com/forum/showthread.php?42306-Timeline-for-Cockatiel-Mutations-in-the-US&s=5112f7f52972a0b436d84658549ba2da |archive-date=2015-02-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/cockatiels/LutinoCockatiel.php the Lutino Cockatiel]</ref>
-<ref>[http://animal-world.com/encyclo/birds/cockatiels/LutinoCockatiel.php the Lutino Cockatiel]</ref>
+== Genetics ==
+Cockatiels use the [[ZW sex-determination system]]. In a simplified form, lutino is determined by a single recessive Z-linked allele. Male lutinos are of genotype <math>Z^b/Z^b</math>, and female lutinos are of genotype <math>Z^b/W</math>. A lutino male crossed with a wild-type female would result in lutino females and wild-type heterozygous males, as shown in the [[Punnett square]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex Linked Inheritance {{!}} Pheasant Genetics |url=http://aviangenetics.com/PheasantGenetics/sex_linked_inheritance.html#:~:text=An%20example%20of%20a%20sex,Lutino%20mutation%20in%20Lineolated%20Parakeets!&text=%E2%80%A2-,The%20male%20has%202%20Z%20chromosomes%20while%20the%20female%20has,chromosome%20and%201%20W%20chromosome.&text=%E2%80%A2-,Only%20the%20Z%20chromosome%20can%20carry%20genes%20like%20%22A%22,,small%20to%20carry%20many%20genes. |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=aviangenetics.com}}</ref>
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Punnett square
+|
+| <math>Z^B</math>
+|<math>W</math>
+|-
+| <math>Z^b</math>
+| [[File:Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri borealis) male Jaipur 2.jpg|thumb|113x113px]]<math>Z^B/Z^b</math>
+| <math>Z^b/W</math> [[File:Nymphicus hollandicus (Lutino cockatiel).jpg|thumb|76x76px]]
+|-
+| <math>Z^b</math>
+| [[File:Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri borealis) male Jaipur 2.jpg|thumb|111x111px]]<math>Z^B/Z^b</math>
+| <math>Z^b/W</math> [[File:Nymphicus hollandicus (Lutino cockatiel).jpg|thumb|76x76px]]
+|}
+==Sound and appearance==
+All [[cockatiel colour genetics|cockatiel colour genetic mutations]] have the same calls. The male lutino cockatiels can talk, sing, and dance (shakes head, makes the wings heart-shaped, etc.) to attract female cockatiels. Lutino cockatiels appear as full body in color yellow with two orange circular spots around the ear and cheek area.
-== Sound and Photos ==
-All [[cockatiel colour genetics|cockatiel colour genetic mutations]] have the same Tweet.
 <gallery>
 File:Nymphicus hollandicus call.ogg
-File:Daisy Flower Lutino Cockatiel.jpg|Daisy Lutino Cockatiel
+File:Daisy Flower Lutino Cockatiel.jpg|Daisy lutino cockatiel
-File:Lutino Cockatiel.jpg|Lutino Cockatiel
+File:Lutino Cockatiel.jpg|Lutino cockatiel (on right)
 </gallery>
+== Relation with "albino" cockatiel==
+The "albino" cockatiel also known as the whiteface lutino, is not the result of albinism. It is a breed that combines two genes of [[White-faced cockatiel|whiteface]] and lutino. The "Whiteface gene" removes all the yellow and orange that would be present in a Lutino, and the "Lutino gene" removes all the black and grey. So it has all white plumage, red eyes and pink feet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lutino {{!}} GTS Cockatiels |url=https://cockatiels.za.net/index.php/lutino/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |language=en-ZA}}</ref> It is quite rare because of its all white plumage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cosgrove |first=Nicole |date=2021-01-13 |title=Albino Cockatiel Bird Species - Personality, Diet & Care Guide (With Pictures) |url=https://petkeen.com/albino-cockatiel/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Pet Keen |language=en-US}}</ref> The male and female of albino cannot be distinguished from their appearance, but need to be distinguished from their behavior or call.
+== Lutino-pearl cockatiel ==
+The [[lutino-pearl cockatiel]] is a composite product of the lutino cockatiel and the pearl cockatiel. It has the appearance of a lutino cockatiel with yellow spots on its body.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lutino {{!}} GTS Cockatiels |url=https://cockatiels.za.net/index.php/lutino/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-16 |title=Cockatiel Mutations: 18 Color Options |url=https://beautyofbirds.com/cockatiel-mutations/ |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=beautyofbirds.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
+[[File:Lutino-pearl.jpg|thumb|A female lutino-pearl cockatiel]]
 == See also ==
 *[[Lutino rosy-faced lovebird mutation]]
-*[[cockatiel]]
+*[[Cockatiel]]
-*[[cockatoo]]
+*[[Cockatoo]]
 *[[Companion parrot]]
 *[[Pied cockatiel]]
@@ Line 56: / Line 57: @@
 ==External links==
+{{Commons|Nymphicus hollandicus}}
 {{Wikispecies|Nymphicus hollandicus}}
-* [http://www.cockatiels.org/main/ Cockatiels - National Cockatiel Society]{{Dead link|date=September 2014}}
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141211071712/http://www.cockatiels.org/main/ Cockatiels - National Cockatiel Society]
-* [http://talkcockatiels.com Cockatiel Information Forum and Bulletin Board] - Talk Cockatiels
+*[http://talkcockatiels.com Cockatiel Information Forum and Bulletin Board] - Talk Cockatiels
-* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/cockatiel-nymphicus-hollandicus Videos, images and sounds] - Internet Bird Collection
+*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/cockatiel-nymphicus-hollandicus Videos, images and sounds] - Internet Bird Collection
+{{Cockatiel mutations}}
 {{Cockatoos}}
 [[Category:Calyptorhynchinae]]
+[[Category:Cockatiel]]
+[[Category:Cockatiel colour mutations]]
 [[Category:Domesticated birds]]
-[[Category:Bird genera]]
-[[Category:Parrots]]
 [[Category:Talking birds]]
-[[Category:Lutino birds]]
-[[Category:Cockatiel colour mutations]]
-[[Category:Cockatoos]]
-[[Category:Cockatiel]]