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{{Short description|American judge (1752–1843)}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
|name = Nathaniel Chipman
{{hatnote|This article is not about [[Nathaniel Chapman]].}}
{{redirect|Senator Chipman|the Wisconsin State Senate member|William Everett Chipman}}
|jr/sr1 = United States Senator
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}
|state1 = [[Vermont]]
{{Infobox officeholder
|term_start1 = October 17, 1797
|name = Nathaniel Chipman
|term_end1 = March 3, 1803
|image = Nathaniel Chipman (US Senator from Vermont).jpg
|predecessor1 = [[Isaac Tichenor]]
|alt =
|successor1 = [[Israel Smith]]
|caption = Chipman, {{circa}} 1800
|office2 = Judge of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York]]
|jr/sr = United States Senator
|appointer2 = [[George Washington]]
|state = [[Vermont]]
|term_start2 = March 4, 1791
|term_start = October 17, 1797
|term_end2 = January 1, 1793
|term_end = March 3, 1803
|predecessor2 = '''new seat'''
|successor2 = [[Samuel Hitchcock]]
|predecessor = [[Isaac Tichenor]]
|successor = [[Israel Smith]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1752|11|15}}
|office1 = Judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]]
|birth_place = [[Salisbury, Connecticut|Salisbury]], [[Connecticut]]
|term_start1 = March 4, 1791
|death_date = {{death date and age|1843|2|13|1752|11|15}}
|term_end1 = January 1, 1793
|death_place = [[Tinmouth, Vermont|Tinmouth]], [[Vermont]]
|appointer1 = [[List of federal judges appointed by George Washington|George Washington]]
|spouse = Sarah Hill Chipman (1762–1831)
|predecessor1 = ''Seat established by 1 Stat. 197''
|children = Jeffrey Chipman (1789–1889)
|successor1 = [[Samuel Hitchcock]]
|party = [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
|office2 = [[List of justices of the Vermont Supreme Court|Chief Judge]] of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]]
|term_start2 = 1813
|term_end2 = 1815
|predecessor2 = [[Royall Tyler]]
|successor2 = [[Asa Aldis]]
|term_start3 = 1796
|term_end3 = 1797
|predecessor3 = [[Isaac Tichenor]]
|successor3 = [[Israel Smith]]
|term_start4 = 1789
|term_end4 = 1791
|predecessor4 = [[Moses Robinson]]
|successor4 = [[Samuel Knight (judge)|Samuel Knight]]
|office5 = [[List of justices of the Vermont Supreme Court|Judge]] of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]]
|term_start5 = 1786
|term_end5 = 1787
|predecessor5 = [[John Fassett Jr.]]
|successor5 = None (court reduced from 5 seats to 3)
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1752|11|15}}
|birth_place = [[Salisbury, Connecticut|Salisbury]], [[Connecticut Colony]], [[British America]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1843|02|13|1752|11|15}}
|death_place = [[Tinmouth, Vermont|Tinmouth]], [[Vermont]], U.S.
|resting_place = Tinmouth Cemetery<br>[[Tinmouth, Vermont|Tinmouth]], [[Vermont]], U.S.
|party = [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
|spouse = Sarah Hill Chipman (m. 1781)
|children = 6 (including [[Henry C. Chipman]])
|relatives = [[Daniel Chipman]] (brother)<br>[[Lemuel Chipman]] (brother)<br>[[John Logan Chipman]] (grandson)<br>[[John W. Brownson (New York politician)|John W. Brownson]] (grandson)
|education = [[Yale University]]
|profession = Attorney
|signature = Signature of Nathaniel Chipman (1752–1843).png
|branch = [[Continental Army]]
|branch_label = Service
|serviceyears = 1777–1778
|rank = [[First lieutenant (United States)|First Lieutenant]]
|unit = [[2nd Connecticut Regiment]]
|battles =
{{tree list}}
* [[American Revolutionary War]]
** [[Battle of White Marsh]]
{{tree list/end}}
|battles_label = Wars
}}
}}
'''Nathaniel Chipman''' (November 15, 1752{{spaced ndash}}February 13, 1843) was a [[United States Senator]] from [[Vermont]], Chief Justice of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]], and the first judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]].
'''Nathaniel Chipman''' (November 15, 1752{{spaced ndash}}February 13, 1843) was an American politician who served as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from [[Vermont]] and [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]]. A [[Yale College]] graduate and [[Continental Army]] veteran of the [[American Revolution]], Chipman became a prominent attorney and advocate for Vermont statehood. When Vermont was [[admission to the Union|admitted to the Union]], he served as the first judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]].


After Vermont became the fourteenth state, Chipman became a leader of its [[Federalist Party]]. In addition to his legal and political work, Chipman authored several works on government and law, served for 28 years as Professor of Law at [[Middlebury College]], and was a [[satirical poet]].
==Early life==
Born in [[Salisbury, Connecticut]], Chipman was privately tutored. He received his degree from [[Yale College]] in 1777 while in the [[Continental Army]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. From 1777 to 1778 he served as a lieutenant in the [[2nd Connecticut Regiment]].


==Education and career==
==Career==
Chipman was born in [[Salisbury, Connecticut|Salisbury]], [[Connecticut Colony]], [[British America]] on November 15, 1752, a son of Samuel Chipman and Hannah (Austin) Chipman.<ref name=FJC>{{FJC Bio|422|nid=1379066|name=Nathaniel Chipman<!--(1752–1843)-->}}</ref> Chipman was privately tutored, then began attendance at [[Yale University]], from which he graduated in 1777.<ref name=FJC/><ref name=CB>{{CongBio|C000369|inline=yes}}</ref>
After his military service, Chipman studied law and was admitted to the [[Bar (law)|bar]] in 1779, commencing practice in [[Tinmouth, Vermont]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nathaniel Chipman|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000369|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=20 November 2012}}</ref> From 1781 to 1785 he served as the first [[State's Attorney]] of [[Rutland County, Vermont|Rutland County]], and he was a member of the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] in 1784 and 1785.


In January 1777, Chipman left Yale to volunteer for the [[Continental Army]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]], and he received his diploma while he was serving.<ref name=FJC/><ref name=CB/> He was commissioned as an [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the [[2nd Connecticut Regiment]], and joined the army in Pennsylvania.<ref name="Johnston">{{cite book |last=Johnston |first=Henry P. |date=1888 |title=Yale and Her Honor-Roll in the American Revolution, 1775-1783 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAcAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA328 |location=New York, NY |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |page=328 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> He took part in the December 1777 [[Battle of White Marsh]], and went into winter quarters with his unit at [[Valley Forge]], where they remained until June 1778.<ref name="Johnston"/> Chipman was promoted to [[First lieutenant (United States)|first lieutenant]] on December 29, 1777.<ref name="Johnston"/> Chipman through the summer of 1778, and resigned his commission at [[White Plains, New York]] on October 16, 1778.<ref name="Johnston"/>
Chipman was elected as judge of the [[Vermont Supreme Court]] in 1786 and chosen chief justice in 1789, when [[Vermont Republic|Vermont was still a defacto independent country]].


Chipman left the army to move to the [[Vermont Republic]], where he attained [[Admission to the bar in the United States|admission to the bar]] and entered private practice in [[Tinmouth, Vermont|Tinmouth]].<ref name=FJC/> Chipman also continued his military service as a member of Captain John Spafford's Company, a unit of the militia regiment commanded by Colonel Gideon Warren.<ref>{{cite book |last=Goodrich |first=John E. |date=1904 |title=Rolls of the Soldiers in the Revolutionary War, 1775 to 1783 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZ8-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA166 |location=Rutland, VT |publisher=The Tuttle Company |page=166 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> He was state's attorney in [[Montpelier, Vermont|Montpelier]] from 1781 to 1785, and a member of the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] from 1784 to 1785.<ref name=FJC/> He was a judge of the [[Supreme Court of Vermont]] from 1786 to 1787, and served as chief judge from 1789 to 1791.<ref name=FJC/>
On February 9, 1791, Chipman met with President [[George Washington]] to notify him officially of Vermont's decision to apply for [[admission to the Union]] as the 14th state.<ref>{{cite book |last=U.S. House of Representatives |date=1826 |title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States: 1st–13th Congresses |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Z0FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA412&dq=february+1791+nathaniel+chipman+meet+george+washington+vermont&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDAQ6AEwA2oVChMIqZD7tJLxxgIVRdQeCh1wtQsI#v=onepage&q=february%201791%20nathaniel%20chipman%20meet%20george%20washington%20vermont&f=false |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Gales & Seaton |page=412}}</ref> New York had long objected to the existence of the government of Vermont on the grounds that Vermont was part of New York, a position that dated back to a pre-Revolutionary War dispute between the colonial governors of New York and [[New Hampshire]] over the right to sell Vermont land grants.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarah D. |first=Brooks Blair |date=2008 |title=Reforming Methodism: 1800–1820 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYLa2Mbe85kC&pg=PA18&dq=new+york+new+hampshire+dispute+land+grants+vermont&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBWoVChMI6LflrJPxxgIVxhUeCh02gATQ#v=onepage&q=new%20york%20new%20hampshire%20dispute%20land%20grants%20vermont&f=false |location=Ann Arbor, MI |publisher=ProQuest, LLC |page=18 |isbn=978-1-2435-3411-8}}</ref> In 1790 New York agreed to give up its claim provided that Vermont compensate holders of New York land grants,<ref>{{cite book |last=Foley |first=Janet Wethy |date=1940 |title=Early Settlers of New York State: Their Ancestors and Descendants; Part One |volume=I–III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WpxrPm-x_iAC&pg=PA62&dq=new+york+1790+relinquish+claim+vermont&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAWoVChMItJ2owpTxxgIVSFweCh2hqgSo#v=onepage&q=new%20york%201790%20relinquish%20claim%20vermont&f=false |location=Westminster, MD |publisher=Heritage Books |page=62 |isbn=978-0-7884-3711-3}}</ref> and that Congress [[admission to the Union|admit Vermont to the Union]]. Vermont paid $30,000 to settle the claims (about $800,000 in 2015). On February 18 Congress decided to admit Vermont to the Union, effective March 4.<ref>{{cite book |last=Donaldson |first=Thomas |date=1880 |title=The Public Domain: Its History, with Statistics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJzm5PtTY9gC&pg=PA42&dq=1790+new+york+give+up+claim+vermont+admission+union&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMIgJ2KupDxxgIVCdOACh3WFgxn#v=onepage&q=1790%20new%20york%20give%20up%20claim%20vermont%20admission%20union&f=false |location=Washington, DC |publisher=U.S. Government printing Office |page=42}}</ref>


==Vermont's admission to the Union==
On the same day Vermont joined the Union, Washington nominated Chipman to be a federal judge on the newly established [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]], created by 1 Stat. 73. He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] and received his commission on the same day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nathaniel Chipman|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=422&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Biographical Directory of Federal Judges|accessdate=20 November 2012}}</ref> Chipman resigned on January 1, 1793, and was again elected [[Chief Justice]] of the State [[Supreme Court]] in 1796.
On February 9, 1791, Chipman met with President [[George Washington]] to notify him officially of Vermont's decision to apply for [[admission to the Union]] as the 14th state.<ref>{{cite book |last=U.S. House of Representatives |date=1826 |title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States: 1st–13th Congresses |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Z0FAAAAQAAJ&q=february+1791+nathaniel+chipman+meet+george+washington+vermont&pg=PA412 |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Gales & Seaton |page=412}}</ref> [[New York (state)|New York]] had long objected to the existence of the government of Vermont on the grounds that Vermont was part of New York, a position that dated back to a pre-Revolutionary War dispute between the colonial governors of New York and [[New Hampshire]] over the right to sell Vermont land grants.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarah D. |first=Brooks Blair |date=2008 |title=Reforming Methodism: 1800–1820 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYLa2Mbe85kC&q=new+york+new+hampshire+dispute+land+grants+vermont&pg=PA18 |location=Ann Arbor, MI |publisher=ProQuest, LLC |page=18 |isbn=978-1-2435-3411-8}}</ref>


In 1790, New York agreed to give up its claim provided that an agreement on the boundary between Vermont and New York could be concluded.<ref name="Hildreth">{{cite book |last=Hildreth |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Hildreth |date=1875 |title=The History of the United States of America |volume=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pskcAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA269 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Harper & Brothers |pages=268–269 |isbn=9780608355610 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> In consideration of New York giving up its claim to Vermont, Vermont paid $30,000 as an indemnity to owners of Vermont land who had received their grants from New York (about $800,000 in 2015).<ref>{{cite book |last=Foley |first=Janet Wethy |date=1940 |title=Early Settlers of New York State: Their Ancestors and Descendants; Part One |volume=I–III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WpxrPm-x_iAC&q=new+york+1790+relinquish+claim+vermont&pg=PA62 |location=Westminster, MD |publisher=Heritage Books |page=62 |isbn=978-0-7884-3711-3}}</ref> On February 18, 1791, Congress decided to [[admission to the Union|admit Vermont to the Union]], effective March 4, 1791.<ref>{{cite book |last=Donaldson |first=Thomas |date=1880 |title=The Public Domain: Its History, with Statistics |url=https://archive.org/details/publicdomainits00goog |location=Washington, DC |publisher=U.S. Government printing Office |page=[https://archive.org/details/publicdomainits00goog/page/n58 42]}}</ref>
Chipman was elected as a [[Federalist]] to the [[U.S. Senate]] to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of [[Isaac Tichenor]] and served from October 17, 1797, until March 3, 1803;<ref>{{cite web|title=Nathaniel Chipman|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/nathaniel_chipman/402508|publisher=Govtrack. US Congress|accessdate=20 November 2012}}</ref> he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection. From 1806 to 1811 he was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives. In 1813 he was a member of the Vermont Council of Censors, the predecessor of the [[Vermont State Senate]], which met periodically to review state statutes and ensure that they complied with the state constitution, and to proposal constitutional amendments. Chipman was again chief justice of [[Vermont]] from 1813 to 1815. He was a professor of law at [[Middlebury College]] beginning in 1816.<ref>{{cite book|title=Nathaniel Chipman|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tt2_3hTQxFMC&pg=PA367&dq=Charles+M.+Smith+governor+of+vermont++biography&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E7-mUN-iJMmn0AHmlYDoBg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Charles%20M.%20Smith%20governor%20of%20vermont%20%20biography&f=false|publisher=Encyclopedia, Vermont Biography|accessdate=20 November 2012}}</ref>

==Federal judicial service==
Following the admission of the State of [[Vermont]] to the Union, President [[George Washington]] nominated Chipman as the first judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]], a new seat authorized by {{USStat|1|197}}.<ref name=FJC/> He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 4, 1791, and received his commission the same day.<ref name=FJC/> He resigned on January 1, 1793.<ref name=FJC/>

==State service==
Following his resignation from the federal bench, Chipman resumed private practice in Tinmouth from 1793 to 1796.<ref name=FJC/> In 1833, he authored the book ''Sketches of the Principles of Government''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Evans |first=Charles |date=1925 |title=American Bibliography |volume=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UabfAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA34 |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=Columbia Press |page=34 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Chipman served as chief justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont from 1796 to 1797.<ref name=FJC/>

==Congressional service==
Chipman was elected as a [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] from Vermont to the [[United States Senate]] to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of [[United States Senator]] [[Isaac Tichenor]] and served from October 17, 1797, until March 3, 1803.<ref name=CB/><ref>{{cite web|title=Nathaniel Chipman|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/nathaniel_chipman/402508|publisher=Govtrack. US Congress|accessdate=20 November 2012}}</ref> He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection.<ref name=CB/>

==Later career==
Following his departure from Congress, Chipman resumed practicing law in Tinmouth.<ref name=FJC/> He was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1806 to 1809 and in 1811.<ref name=FJC/> He was a member of the [[Vermont Council of Censors]] in 1813.<ref name=FJC/> He was chief justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont from 1813 to 1815.<ref name=FJC/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.state.vt.us/media/308078/justices.pdf |title=Justices of the Vermont Supreme Court, 1778–Present |last=Vermont State Archives and Records Administration |date=2017 |website=www.sec.state.vt.us/ |publisher=Vermont Secretary of State |location=Montpelier, VT |page=2}}</ref> He was a professor of law at [[Middlebury College]] starting in 1816.<ref name=FJC/><ref>{{cite book|title=Nathaniel Chipman|year=1912|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tt2_3hTQxFMC|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tt2_3hTQxFMC/page/n434 367]|publisher=Encyclopedia, Vermont Biography|accessdate=20 November 2012}}</ref>


==Death==
==Death==
Chipman died in Tinmouth on February 13, 1843. He is interred at the Tinmouth Cemetery, [[Tinmouth, Vermont]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nathaniel Chipman|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/chipman.html#096.90.85|publisher=The Political Graveyard|accessdate=20 November 2012}}</ref>
Chipman died on February 17, 1843, in Tinmouth.<ref name=FJC/> He was interred in Tinmouth Cemetery.<ref name=CB/><ref>{{cite web|title=Nathaniel Chipman|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/chipman.html#096.90.85|publisher=The Political Graveyard|accessdate=20 November 2012}}</ref>


==Family==
==Family==
Chipman was the brother of [[Daniel Chipman]], a [[United States representative]] from Vermont, and the grandfather of [[John Logan Chipman]], a United States Representative from [[Michigan]],<ref name=CB/> In 1781, Chipman married Sarah Hill (1762–1831), they had six children, including [[Henry C. Chipman]].<ref name="Chipman">{{cite book |last= Chipman |first=Bert Lee |date= 1920 |title=The Chipman Family: A Genealogy of the Chipmans in America, 1631–1920 |url=https://archive.org/details/chipmanfamilyag00chipgoog |location=Winston-Salem, North Carolina |publisher=Winston Printing Company |pages= [https://archive.org/details/chipmanfamilyag00chipgoog/page/n58 50], 105–109}}</ref> Another son, Jeffrey Chipman, was a [[Justice of the Peace]] in [[Canandaigua, New York|Canandaigua]], [[New York (state)|New York]] in the 1820s, and was the jurist from whom those attempting to prevent [[William Morgan (anti-Mason)|William Morgan]] from publishing a book opposing Freemasonry obtained an arrest warrant for Morgan, which eventually led to Morgan's disappearance and presumed death and the founding of the [[Anti-Masonic Party]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Conover |first=Jefferson S. |date= 1897|title=Freemasonry in Michigan: A Comprehensive History of Michigan Masonry, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0NOAAAAMAAJ&q=%22jeffrey+chipman%22+%22william+morgan%22+justice&pg=PA145 |location=Coldwater, Michigan |publisher=Conover Printing Company |page=145}}</ref>
In 1781 Chipman married Sarah Hill (1762–1831), and their children included: Laura Chipman Brownson (1782–1864); [[Henry C. Chipman]] (1784–1867); Jeffrey Chipman (1789–1849); Edwin Chipman (1792–1840); Cassius Chipman (born 1797); and Oscar Hill Chipman (1804–1863).<ref>{{cite book |last= Chipman |first=Bert Lee |date= 1920 |title=The Chipman Family: A Genealogy of the Chipmans in America, 1631–1920 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=03gTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA106&dq=%22jeffrey+chipman%22+born+1789&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TteSVKXGIompgwSRqoHwCQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=nathaniel%20chipman&f=false |location=Winston-Salem, North Carolina |publisher=Winston Printing Company |pages= 50, 105–109}}</ref>


Chipman was the grandfather of [[John W. Brownson (New York politician)|John W. Brownson]], a member of the [[New York State Senate]].<ref name="Chipman"/>{{rp|50}} <ref name="Brownson">{{cite book |last=Brownson |first=Ernest Ray |date=1951 |title=Genealogy of One Branch of the Richard Brownson Family, 1631-1951 |url=https://archive.org/details/genealogyofonebr00brow/page/226/mode/2up |location=Mayville, ND |publisher=E. R. Brownson |pages=222–223 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Brownson was the son of Dr. John Brownson and Nathaniel Chipman's daughter Laura.<ref name="Chipman"/>{{rp|50}} <ref name="Brownson"/>
Jeffrey Chipman was a Justice of the Peace in [[Canandaigua, New York]] in the 1820s, and was the jurist from whom those attempting to prevent [[William Morgan (anti-Mason)|William Morgan]] from publishing a book opposing Freemasonry obtained an arrest warrant for Morgan, which eventually led to Morgan's disappearance and presumed death and the founding of the [[Anti-Masonic Party]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Conover |first=Jefferson S. |date= 1897|title=Freemasonry in Michigan: A Comprehensive History of Michigan Masonry, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0NOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA145&dq=%22jeffrey+chipman%22+%22william+morgan%22+justice&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xNySVOHqDo3hggS6kYLwBA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22jeffrey%20chipman%22%20%22william%20morgan%22%20justice&f=false |location=Coldwater, Michigan |publisher=Conover Printing Company |page=145}}</ref>

Nathaniel Chipman was a brother of Congressman (from Vermont) [[Daniel Chipman]] (1765–1850), and grandfather of Congressman (from Michigan) [[John Logan Chipman]] (1830–1893) and New York State Senator [[John W. Brownson]] (1807–1860).


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Sources==
* [http://www.amazon.com/Life-Nathaniel-Chipman-Formerly-Justice/dp/1437326528 ''The Life of Nathaniel Chipman'', by Daniel Chipman], Kessinger Publishing, LLC (November 26, 2008)
* [https://www.amazon.com/Life-Nathaniel-Chipman-Formerly-Justice/dp/1437326528 ''The Life of Nathaniel Chipman'', by Daniel Chipman], Kessinger Publishing, LLC (November 26, 2008)

===Primary sources===
* Hansen, Allen Oscar. ''Liberalism and American education in the eighteenth century'' (1926; reprinted 1965, 1977) [https://archive.org/details/liberalismameric0000hans/page/n19/mode/1up?view=theater&q=CHIPMAN for his plan to reform education].


==External links==
==External links==
{{CongBio|C000369}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{FJC Bio|422|nid=1379066|name=Nathaniel Chipman<!--(1752–1843)-->}}
*{{CongBio|C000369}}
* [https://archive.org/details/historicalregis02heitgoog/page/n161 <!-- pg=154 --> Service record] from Francis B. Heitman's ''Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army''
{{FJC Bio|422}}
* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/chipman.html#096.90.85 The Political Graveyard]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=tZALAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA154 Service record] from Francis B. Heitman's ''Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army''
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=tt2_3hTQxFMC&dq=Charles+M.+Smith+governor+of+vermont++biography&pg=PA367 Encyclopedia, Vermont Biography]
*[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/chipman.html#096.90.85 The Political Graveyard]
* {{Find a Grave|7180805}}
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=tt2_3hTQxFMC&pg=PA367&dq=Charles+M.+Smith+governor+of+vermont++biography&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E7-mUN-iJMmn0AHmlYDoBg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Charles%20M.%20Smith%20governor%20of%20vermont%20%20biography&f=false Encyclopedia, Vermont Biography]
*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7180805 Find A Grave]
* [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/nathaniel_chipman/402508 Govtrack. US Congress]
*[http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=422&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na Biographical Directory of Federal Judges]
*[http://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/nathaniel_chipman/402508 Govtrack. US Congress]
<br/><!--this break is to put visual space between the last information and the following template if needed-->


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{{U.S. Senator box
{{U.S. Senator box|class=1|state=Vermont| before = [[Isaac Tichenor]]| after = [[Israel Smith]] | years =1797&ndash;1803| alongside=[[Elijah Paine]], [[Stephen R. Bradley]] }}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)|Samuel Smith]]}}
{{succession box
| title=[[Longest living United States Senator#Oldest senators (historic)|Oldest living U.S. Senator]]
{{s-ttl|title=Oldest living United States senator|years=1839–1843}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Asher Robbins]]}}
| before=[[Samuel Smith (Maryland)|Samuel Smith]]
| after=[[Asher Robbins]]
|years= April 22, 1839 – February 13, 1843}}
{{s-legal}}
{{succession box
| title=[[United States District Court for the District of Vermont|Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Vermont]]
| before=Newly created seat
| after=[[Samuel Hitchcock]]
|years= March 4, 1791 – January 1, 1793}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}

{{USSenVT}}
{{USSenVT|state=collapsed}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chipman, Nathaniel}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chipman, Nathaniel}}
[[Category:1752 births]]
[[Category:1752 births]]
[[Category:1843 deaths]]
[[Category:1843 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Salisbury, Connecticut]]
[[Category:People from Salisbury, Connecticut]]
[[Category:People from colonial Connecticut]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:Federalist Party United States senators from Vermont]]
[[Category:Vermont Federalists]]
[[Category:Members of the Vermont House of Representatives]]
[[Category:People from Rutland County, Vermont]]
[[Category:People from Rutland County, Vermont]]
[[Category:Continental Army officers from Connecticut]]
[[Category:State's attorneys in Vermont]]
[[Category:Vermont lawyers]]
[[Category:State attorneys]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont]]
[[Category:Chief Justices of the Vermont Supreme Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Vermont Supreme Court]]
[[Category:Members of the Vermont House of Representatives]]
[[Category:United States Senators from Vermont]]
[[Category:United States federal judges appointed by George Washington]]
[[Category:United States federal judges appointed by George Washington]]
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]
[[Category:18th-century American judges]]
[[Category:Vermont Federalists]]
[[Category:18th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:Federalist Party United States Senators]]
[[Category:19th-century American judges]]
[[Category:Burials in Vermont]]
[[Category:19th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Connecticut]]
[[Category:Vermont lawyers]]
[[Category:Yale College alumni]]
[[Category:Continental Army officers from Connecticut]]
[[Category:19th-century United States senators]]
[[Category:18th-century United States senators]]

Latest revision as of 02:11, 12 December 2024

This article is not about Nathaniel Chapman.
"Senator Chipman" redirects here. For the Wisconsin State Senate member, see William Everett Chipman.

Nathaniel Chipman
Chipman, c. 1800
United States Senator
from Vermont
In office
October 17, 1797 – March 3, 1803
Preceded byIsaac Tichenor
Succeeded byIsrael Smith
Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont
In office
March 4, 1791 – January 1, 1793
Appointed byGeorge Washington
Preceded bySeat established by 1 Stat. 197
Succeeded bySamuel Hitchcock
Chief Judge of the Vermont Supreme Court
In office
1813–1815
Preceded byRoyall Tyler
Succeeded byAsa Aldis
In office
1796–1797
Preceded byIsaac Tichenor
Succeeded byIsrael Smith
In office
1789–1791
Preceded byMoses Robinson
Succeeded bySamuel Knight
Judge of the Vermont Supreme Court
In office
1786–1787
Preceded byJohn Fassett Jr.
Succeeded byNone (court reduced from 5 seats to 3)
Personal details
Born(1752-11-15)November 15, 1752
Salisbury, Connecticut Colony, British America
DiedFebruary 13, 1843(1843-02-13) (aged 90)
Tinmouth, Vermont, U.S.
Resting placeTinmouth Cemetery
Tinmouth, Vermont, U.S.
Political partyFederalist
SpouseSarah Hill Chipman (m. 1781)
Children6 (including Henry C. Chipman)
RelativesDaniel Chipman (brother)
Lemuel Chipman (brother)
John Logan Chipman (grandson)
John W. Brownson (grandson)
EducationYale University
ProfessionAttorney
Signature
Military service
ServiceContinental Army
Years of service1777–1778
RankFirst Lieutenant
Unit2nd Connecticut Regiment
Wars

Nathaniel Chipman (November 15, 1752 – February 13, 1843) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Vermont and Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court. A Yale College graduate and Continental Army veteran of the American Revolution, Chipman became a prominent attorney and advocate for Vermont statehood. When Vermont was admitted to the Union, he served as the first judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont.

After Vermont became the fourteenth state, Chipman became a leader of its Federalist Party. In addition to his legal and political work, Chipman authored several works on government and law, served for 28 years as Professor of Law at Middlebury College, and was a satirical poet.

Education and career

[edit]

Chipman was born in Salisbury, Connecticut Colony, British America on November 15, 1752, a son of Samuel Chipman and Hannah (Austin) Chipman.[1] Chipman was privately tutored, then began attendance at Yale University, from which he graduated in 1777.[1][2]

In January 1777, Chipman left Yale to volunteer for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and he received his diploma while he was serving.[1][2] He was commissioned as an ensign in the 2nd Connecticut Regiment, and joined the army in Pennsylvania.[3] He took part in the December 1777 Battle of White Marsh, and went into winter quarters with his unit at Valley Forge, where they remained until June 1778.[3] Chipman was promoted to first lieutenant on December 29, 1777.[3] Chipman through the summer of 1778, and resigned his commission at White Plains, New York on October 16, 1778.[3]

Chipman left the army to move to the Vermont Republic, where he attained admission to the bar and entered private practice in Tinmouth.[1] Chipman also continued his military service as a member of Captain John Spafford's Company, a unit of the militia regiment commanded by Colonel Gideon Warren.[4] He was state's attorney in Montpelier from 1781 to 1785, and a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1784 to 1785.[1] He was a judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont from 1786 to 1787, and served as chief judge from 1789 to 1791.[1]

Vermont's admission to the Union

[edit]

On February 9, 1791, Chipman met with President George Washington to notify him officially of Vermont's decision to apply for admission to the Union as the 14th state.[5] New York had long objected to the existence of the government of Vermont on the grounds that Vermont was part of New York, a position that dated back to a pre-Revolutionary War dispute between the colonial governors of New York and New Hampshire over the right to sell Vermont land grants.[6]

In 1790, New York agreed to give up its claim provided that an agreement on the boundary between Vermont and New York could be concluded.[7] In consideration of New York giving up its claim to Vermont, Vermont paid $30,000 as an indemnity to owners of Vermont land who had received their grants from New York (about $800,000 in 2015).[8] On February 18, 1791, Congress decided to admit Vermont to the Union, effective March 4, 1791.[9]

Federal judicial service

[edit]

Following the admission of the State of Vermont to the Union, President George Washington nominated Chipman as the first judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont, a new seat authorized by 1 Stat. 197.[1] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 4, 1791, and received his commission the same day.[1] He resigned on January 1, 1793.[1]

State service

[edit]

Following his resignation from the federal bench, Chipman resumed private practice in Tinmouth from 1793 to 1796.[1] In 1833, he authored the book Sketches of the Principles of Government.[10] Chipman served as chief justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont from 1796 to 1797.[1]

Congressional service

[edit]

Chipman was elected as a Federalist from Vermont to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Senator Isaac Tichenor and served from October 17, 1797, until March 3, 1803.[2][11] He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection.[2]

Later career

[edit]

Following his departure from Congress, Chipman resumed practicing law in Tinmouth.[1] He was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1806 to 1809 and in 1811.[1] He was a member of the Vermont Council of Censors in 1813.[1] He was chief justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont from 1813 to 1815.[1][12] He was a professor of law at Middlebury College starting in 1816.[1][13]

Death

[edit]

Chipman died on February 17, 1843, in Tinmouth.[1] He was interred in Tinmouth Cemetery.[2][14]

Family

[edit]

Chipman was the brother of Daniel Chipman, a United States representative from Vermont, and the grandfather of John Logan Chipman, a United States Representative from Michigan,[2] In 1781, Chipman married Sarah Hill (1762–1831), they had six children, including Henry C. Chipman.[15] Another son, Jeffrey Chipman, was a Justice of the Peace in Canandaigua, New York in the 1820s, and was the jurist from whom those attempting to prevent William Morgan from publishing a book opposing Freemasonry obtained an arrest warrant for Morgan, which eventually led to Morgan's disappearance and presumed death and the founding of the Anti-Masonic Party.[16]

Chipman was the grandfather of John W. Brownson, a member of the New York State Senate.[15]: 50  [17] Brownson was the son of Dr. John Brownson and Nathaniel Chipman's daughter Laura.[15]: 50  [17]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Nathaniel Chipman at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  2. ^ a b c d e f United States Congress. "Nathaniel Chipman (id: C000369)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  3. ^ a b c d Johnston, Henry P. (1888). Yale and Her Honor-Roll in the American Revolution, 1775-1783. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 328 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ Goodrich, John E. (1904). Rolls of the Soldiers in the Revolutionary War, 1775 to 1783. Rutland, VT: The Tuttle Company. p. 166 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ U.S. House of Representatives (1826). Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States: 1st–13th Congresses. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: Gales & Seaton. p. 412.
  6. ^ Sarah D., Brooks Blair (2008). Reforming Methodism: 1800–1820. Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest, LLC. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-2435-3411-8.
  7. ^ Hildreth, Richard (1875). The History of the United States of America. Vol. 4. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers. pp. 268–269. ISBN 9780608355610 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ Foley, Janet Wethy (1940). Early Settlers of New York State: Their Ancestors and Descendants; Part One. Vol. I–III. Westminster, MD: Heritage Books. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7884-3711-3.
  9. ^ Donaldson, Thomas (1880). The Public Domain: Its History, with Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government printing Office. p. 42.
  10. ^ Evans, Charles (1925). American Bibliography. Vol. 9. Chicago, IL: Columbia Press. p. 34 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ "Nathaniel Chipman". Govtrack. US Congress. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  12. ^ Vermont State Archives and Records Administration (2017). "Justices of the Vermont Supreme Court, 1778–Present" (PDF). www.sec.state.vt.us/. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Secretary of State. p. 2.
  13. ^ Nathaniel Chipman. Encyclopedia, Vermont Biography. 1912. p. 367. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  14. ^ "Nathaniel Chipman". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  15. ^ a b c Chipman, Bert Lee (1920). The Chipman Family: A Genealogy of the Chipmans in America, 1631–1920. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: Winston Printing Company. pp. 50, 105–109.
  16. ^ Conover, Jefferson S. (1897). Freemasonry in Michigan: A Comprehensive History of Michigan Masonry, Volume 1. Coldwater, Michigan: Conover Printing Company. p. 145.
  17. ^ a b Brownson, Ernest Ray (1951). Genealogy of One Branch of the Richard Brownson Family, 1631-1951. Mayville, ND: E. R. Brownson. pp. 222–223 – via Internet Archive.

Sources

[edit]

Primary sources

[edit]
[edit]
Legal offices
Preceded by
Seat established by 1 Stat. 197
 Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont
1791–1793 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 1) from Vermont
1797–1803 		Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Oldest living United States senator
1839–1843 		Succeeded by
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