Waiwai language: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Cariban language spoken in Brazil and Guyana}} |
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{{Infobox language |
{{Infobox language |
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|name=Waiwai |
| name = Waiwai |
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|nativename= |
| nativename = |
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|states=[[Brazil]], [[Guyana]] |
| states = [[Brazil]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]] |
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|region= |
| region = |
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|ethnicity=[[Wai-Wai people|Wai-Wai]] |
| ethnicity = [[Wai-Wai people|Wai-Wai]] |
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|speakers=2,200 |
| speakers = 2,200 |
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|date=1990–2006 |
| date = 1990–2006 |
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|ref = e18 |
| ref = e18 |
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|familycolor= |
| familycolor = cariban |
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|fam1=[[Cariban languages|Cariban]] |
| fam1 = [[Cariban languages|Cariban]] |
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|fam2=Parukotoan |
| fam2 = [[Parukotoan languages|Parukotoan]] |
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|fam3=Waiwai languages |
| fam3 = Waiwai languages |
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| ⚫ | |||
|iso3=waw |
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| dia2 = Karahawyana |
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| iso3 = waw |
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|glotto=waiw1244 |
| glotto = waiw1244 |
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|glottorefname=Waiwai |
| glottorefname = Waiwai |
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| ⚫ | |||
|dia2=Karahawyana |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Waiwai''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|aɪ|w|aɪ}}<ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics |
'''Waiwai''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|aɪ|w|aɪ}}<ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref> (Uaiuai, Uaieue, Ouayeone) is a [[Cariban language]] of northern [[Brazil]], with a couple hundred speakers across the border in southern [[Guyana]] and [[Suriname]]. |
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== Phonology == |
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=== Consonants === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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! |
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![[Labial consonant|Labial]] |
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![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] |
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![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]] |
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![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] |
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![[Velar consonant|Velar]] |
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![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |
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|- align="center" |
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![[Stop consonant|Stop]] |
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| |
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|t |
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|tʃ |
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|k |
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|- align="center" |
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![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] |
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|m |
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|n |
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| |
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|ɲ |
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|- align="center" |
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![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] |
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|ɸ |
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|s |
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|ʃ |
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|h |
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|- align="center" |
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![[Tap consonant|Tap]] |
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|ɺ |
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|ɭ̥̆ |
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|- align="center" |
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![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] |
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|w |
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|j |
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|} |
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=== Vowels === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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! |
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![[Front vowel|Front]] |
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![[Central vowel|Central]] |
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![[Back vowel|Back]] |
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|- align="center" |
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![[Close vowel|High]] |
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|i iː |
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|ɨ ɨː |
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|u uː |
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|- align="center" |
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![[Mid vowel|Mid]] |
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|e eː |
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|o oː |
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|- align="center" |
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![[Open vowel|Low]] |
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|a aː |
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|} |
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* /o/ can be heard as [ʌ] when following palatal consonants /tʃ, ʃ/. |
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* /a/ can be heard as [æ] when preceded by sounds /j, tʃ/, and followed by sounds /w, m, s/.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawkins|first=Robert|title=Wai Wai|publisher=Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter|year=1998|location=Desmond Derbyshire and Geoffrey Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Handbook of Amazonian Languages, Vol. 4|pages=25–224}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{SAPhon|Waiwai|Waiwai}} |
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*[https://ailla.utexas.org/islandora/object/ailla%3A124389 Waiwai Collection] of Niels Fock from the [[Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America]], containing audio recordings of ceremonial chants and photographs made in the 1950s. |
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*[https://ids.clld.org/contributions/175 Wai Wai] ([[Intercontinental Dictionary Series]]) |
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{{Languages of Brazil}} |
{{Languages of Brazil}} |
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[[Category:Cariban languages]] |
[[Category:Cariban languages]] |
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[[Category:Languages of Guyana]] |
[[Category:Languages of Guyana]] |
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{{IndigenousAmerican-lang-stub}} |
{{IndigenousAmerican-lang-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 21:39, 15 December 2024
| Waiwai | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Brazil, Guyana, Suriname |
| Ethnicity | Wai-Wai |
Native speakers | (2,200 cited 1990–2006)[1] |
Cariban
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | waw |
| Glottolog | waiw1244 |
| ELP | |
Waiwai /ˈwaɪwaɪ/[2] (Uaiuai, Uaieue, Ouayeone) is a Cariban language of northern Brazil, with a couple hundred speakers across the border in southern Guyana and Suriname.
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | t | tʃ | k | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||
| Fricative | ɸ | s | ʃ | h | ||
| Tap | ɺ | ɭ̥̆ | ||||
| Approximant | w | j |
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | ɨ ɨː | u uː |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Low | a aː |
- /o/ can be heard as [ʌ] when following palatal consonants /tʃ, ʃ/.
- /a/ can be heard as [æ] when preceded by sounds /j, tʃ/, and followed by sounds /w, m, s/.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Waiwai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
- ^ Hawkins, Robert (1998). Wai Wai. Desmond Derbyshire and Geoffrey Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Handbook of Amazonian Languages, Vol. 4: Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 25–224.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
External links
[edit]- Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Waiwai". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
- Waiwai Collection of Niels Fock from the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America, containing audio recordings of ceremonial chants and photographs made in the 1950s.
- Wai Wai (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
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