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{{Short description|Current millennium, spanning the years 2001 to 3000}} |
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{{redirect|New Millennium|the first years of this millennium|2000s|the NASA project|New Millennium Program|the Yeat album|2093 (album){{!}}''2093'' (album)}} |
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{{pp-semi-indef}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=November 2021}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} |
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{{Millenniumbox|3}} |
{{Millenniumbox|3}} |
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{{Dynamic list}} |
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{{use mdy dates|date=December 2013}} |
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In [[contemporary history]], the '''third millennium''' is the current [[millennium]] in the ''[[Anno Domini]]'' or [[Common Era]], under the [[Gregorian calendar]]. It began on 1 January 2001 ([[Roman numerals|MMI]])<!-- 2001 is correct due to there not being any zeroth year in the AD system (in addition, see MOS:CENTURY) --> and will end on 31 December 3000 ([[Roman numerals|MMM]]), spanning the [[21st century|21st]] to [[30th century|30th]] centuries. |
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In [[contemporary history]], the '''third millennium''' is a period of time that began on January 1, 2001, and will end on December 31, 3000 of the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref>[[United States Naval Observatory]], [http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/millennium.php "The 21st Century and the 3rd Millennium:When Did They Begin?"] (Washington, DC, June 14, 2011).</ref><ref name=New_millennium>"[http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/time-facts/faqs/new-millennium-where-when-why When and where did the new Millennium officially start, and why?]". Royal Observatory Greenwich</ref> It is the third and current [[Millennium|period of one thousand years]] in the [[Anno Domini]] or [[Common Era]].<ref name=New_millennium/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jan/01/news/mn-7177|title=Y2K It Wasn't, but It Was a Party|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=2001-01-01|accessdate=2015-10-15|website=latimes.com|author=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> |
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Ongoing [[futures studies]] seek to understand what will likely continue and what could plausibly change in this period and beyond. |
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==Civilizations== |
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''The civilizations in this section are organized according to the [[United Nations geoscheme|UN geoscheme]].'' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Civilizations of the 3rd millennium AD |
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! style="width:18%;"|Africa |
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! style="width:18%;"|Americas |
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! style="width:18%;"|Asia |
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! style="width:18%;"|Europe |
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! style="width:18%;"|Oceania |
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|- style="vertical-align:top;" |
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|<!--Africa--> |
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* [[Algeria]] |
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* [[Angola]] |
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* [[Benin]] |
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* [[Botswana]] |
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* [[Burkina Faso]] |
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* [[Burundi]] |
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* [[Cameroon]] |
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* [[Cape Verde]] |
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* [[Central African Republic]] |
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* [[Chad]] |
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* [[Comoros]] |
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* [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |
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* [[Republic of the Congo]] |
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* [[Djibouti]] |
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* [[Egypt]] |
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* [[Equatorial Guinea]] |
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* [[Eritrea]] |
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* [[Ethiopia]] |
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* [[Gabon]] |
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* [[The Gambia]] |
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* [[Ghana]] |
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* [[Guinea]] |
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* [[Guinea-Bissau]] |
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* [[Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)]] |
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* [[Kenya]] |
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* [[Lesotho]] |
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* [[Liberia]] |
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* [[Libya]] |
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* [[Madagascar]] |
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* [[Malawi]] |
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* [[Mali]] |
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* [[Mauritania]] |
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* [[Mauritius]] |
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* [[Morocco]] |
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* [[Mozambique]] |
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* [[Namibia]] |
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* [[Niger]] |
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* [[Nigeria]] |
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* [[Rwanda]] |
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* [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] |
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* [[Senegal]] |
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* [[Seychelles]] |
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* [[Sierra Leone]] |
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* [[Somalia]] |
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* [[South Africa]] |
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* [[South Sudan]] |
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* [[Sudan]] |
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* [[Swaziland]] |
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* [[Tanzania]] |
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* [[Togo]] |
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* [[Tunisia]] |
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* [[Uganda]] |
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* [[Zambia]] |
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* [[Zimbabwe]] |
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|<!--Americas--> |
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* [[Antigua and Barbuda]] |
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* [[Argentina]] |
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* [[The Bahamas|Bahamas]] |
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* [[Barbados]] |
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* [[Belize]] |
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* [[Bolivia]] |
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* [[Brazil]] |
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* [[Canada]] |
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* [[Chile]] |
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* [[Colombia]] |
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* [[Costa Rica]] |
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* [[Cuba]] |
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* [[Dominica]] |
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* [[Dominican Republic]] |
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* [[Ecuador]] |
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* [[El Salvador]] |
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* [[Grenada]] |
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* [[Guatemala]] |
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* [[Guyana]] |
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* [[Haiti]] |
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* [[Honduras]] |
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* [[Jamaica]] |
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* [[Mexico]] |
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* [[Nicaragua]] |
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* [[Panama]] |
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* [[Paraguay]] |
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* [[Peru]] |
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* [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] |
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* [[Saint Lucia]] |
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* [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] |
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* [[Suriname]] |
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* [[Trinidad and Tobago]] |
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* [[Uruguay]] |
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* [[United States|United States of America]] |
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* [[Venezuela]] |
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|<!--Asia--> |
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* [[Afghanistan]] |
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* [[Armenia]] |
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* [[Azerbaijan]] |
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* [[Bahrain]] |
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* [[Bangladesh]] |
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* [[Bhutan]] |
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* [[Brunei]] |
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* [[Cambodia]] |
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* [[China|People's Republic of China]] |
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* [[Cyprus]] |
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* [[Egypt]] |
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* [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |
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* [[India]] |
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* [[Indonesia]] |
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* [[Iran]] |
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* [[Iraq]] |
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* [[Israel]] |
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* [[Japan]] |
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* [[Jordan]] |
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* [[Kazakhstan]] |
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* [[North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea]] |
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* [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]] |
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* [[Kuwait]] |
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* [[Kyrgyzstan]] |
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* [[Laos]] |
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* [[Lebanon]] |
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* [[Malaysia]] |
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* [[Maldives]] |
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* [[Mongolia]] |
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* [[Myanmar]] |
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* [[Nepal]] |
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* [[Oman]] |
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* [[Pakistan]] |
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* [[State of Palestine]]{{efn| name = state}} |
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* [[Philippines]] |
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* [[Qatar]] |
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* [[Russia]] |
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* [[Saudi Arabia]] |
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* [[Singapore]] |
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* [[Sri Lanka]] |
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* [[Syria]] |
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* [[Tajikistan]] |
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* [[Thailand]] |
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* [[East Timor|East Timor (Timor-Leste)]] |
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* [[Turkey]] |
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* [[Turkmenistan]] |
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* [[United Arab Emirates]] |
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* [[Uzbekistan]] |
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* [[Vietnam]] |
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* [[Yemen]] |
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|<!--Europe--> |
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* [[Abkhazia]]{{efn| name = state}} |
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* [[Albania]] |
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* [[Andorra]] |
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* [[Armenia]] |
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* [[Austria]] |
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* [[Azerbaijan]] |
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* [[Belarus]] |
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* [[Belgium]] |
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* [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |
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* [[Bulgaria]] |
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* [[Croatia]] |
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* [[Cyprus]] |
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* [[Czech Republic]] |
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* [[Denmark]] |
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* [[Estonia]] |
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* [[Finland]] |
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* [[France]] |
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* [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |
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* [[Germany]] |
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* [[Greece]] |
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* [[Hungary]] |
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* [[Iceland]] |
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* [[Republic of Ireland]] |
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* [[Italy]] |
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* [[Kazakhstan]] |
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* [[Kosovo]]{{efn| name = state}} |
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* [[Latvia]] |
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* [[Liechtenstein]] |
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* [[Lithuania]] |
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* [[Luxembourg]] |
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* [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]] |
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* [[Malta]] |
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* [[Moldova]] |
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* [[Monaco]] |
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* [[Montenegro]] |
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* [[Netherlands]] |
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* [[Norway]] |
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* [[Poland]] |
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* [[Portugal]] |
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* [[Romania]] |
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* [[Russia]] |
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* [[San Marino]] |
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* [[Serbia]] |
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* [[Slovakia]] |
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* [[Slovenia]] |
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* [[Spain]] |
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* [[Sweden]] |
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* [[Switzerland]] |
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* [[Turkey]] |
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* [[Ukraine]] |
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* [[United Kingdom]] |
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* [[Vatican City]] |
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|<!--Oceania--> |
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* [[Australia]] |
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* [[Fiji]] |
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* [[Indonesia]] |
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* [[Kiribati]] |
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* [[Marshall Islands]] |
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* [[Federated States of Micronesia]] |
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* [[Nauru]] |
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* [[New Zealand]] |
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* [[Palau]] |
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* [[Papua New Guinea]] |
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* [[Samoa]] |
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* [[Solomon Islands]] |
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* [[Tonga]] |
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* [[East Timor|East Timor (Timor-Leste)]] |
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* [[Tuvalu]] |
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* [[Vanuatu]] |
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|} |
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==Predictions and forecasts not included on this timeline== |
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==Events== |
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* [[Climate change]] |
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''The events in this section are organized according to the [[United Nations geoscheme|UN geoscheme]].'' |
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* [[Extinction]] |
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<!--Note to editors: please limit the list of names in each square of the table to three, additional notable people can be added to the appropriate century pages--> |
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* [[List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events]] |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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* [[List of future astronomical events]] |
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|+Events of the 3rd millennium AD |
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** [[List of lunar eclipses in the 21st century]] |
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! style="width:10%"| |
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** [[List of solar eclipses in the 21st century]] |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa |
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* [[List of time capsules]] |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Americas |
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* Near future [[centennial]] (bi, tri, etc.) events.{{efn|These go against Wikipedia's [[WP:NPOV]] policy under [[WP:BIAS]].}} |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia |
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* [[Near future in fiction]] |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe |
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* [[Predictions and claims for the Second Coming]] |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania |
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* [[Projections of population growth]] |
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|- style="text-align:left;" |
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** [[Representative Concentration Pathway]] |
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![[21st century]] |
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** [[Shared Socioeconomic Pathways]] |
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|<!--AFRICA (limit three) --> '''2010''' [[Arab Spring]]<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/90470593/The-CenSEI-Report-Vol-2-No-6-February-13-19-2012#outer_page_23 The Arab Spring—One Year Later: The CenSEI Report analyzes how 2011's clamor for democratic reform met 2012's need to sustain its momentum.] ''The CenSEI Report'', 13 February 2012</ref> |
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* Works falling into the [[public domain in the United States]] |
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|<!--AMERICAS (limit three) --> '''2001''' [[September 11 attacks]]<ref name=cost>{{cite web|title=How much did the September 11 terrorist attack cost America?|url=http://www.iags.org/costof911.html|work=2004|publisher=Institute for the Analysis of Global Security|accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref><br>'''2013''' [[Boston Marathon bombing]]<ref name="cnn-what-we-know">{{Cite news |title=What we know about the Boston bombing and its aftermath|url= http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/18/us/boston-marathon-things-we-know |publisher=CNN|accessdate=April 19, 2013|date=April 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name="globe-number-injured">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2013/04/23/number-injured-marathon-bombing-revised-downward/NRpaz5mmvGquP7KMA6XsIK/story.html |title=Injury toll from Marathon bombs reduced to 264|quote=Boston public health officials said Tuesday that they have revised downward their estimate of the number of people injured in the Marathon attacks, to 264.|date=April 24, 2013|accessdate=April 29, 2013|newspaper=The Boston Globe|last=Kotz|first=Deborah}}</ref><br>'''2014''' [[2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa|Shootings at the Canadian parliament]]<ref>http://www.parl.gc.ca/about/house/newsroom/articles/2015-06-03-Summary-e.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/parliament-hill-attacked-soldier-shot-at-national-war-memorial-in-ottawa-1.2808710</ref> |
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|<!--ASIA (limit three) --> '''2011''' [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]]<br>'''2014''' Disappearance of [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 370]]<br>'''2015''' [[2015 Mina stampede|Mina stampede]] |
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|<!--EUROPE (limit three) --> '''2005''' [[7 July 2005 London bombings|July 7 London bombings]]<ref>{{cite news|title=London bombings: the truth emerges|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/london-bombings-the-truth-emerges-502660.html|first=Jason|last=Bennetto|author2=Ian Herbert|work=The Independent|date=13 August 2005|accessdate=3 December 2006}}</ref> |
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'''2015''' [[Paris Attacks]] in [[Paris]], [[France]] |
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|<!--OCEANIA (limit three) --> '''2013''' [[2013_Tasmanian_bushfires|Tasmanian Bushfires]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-01-04/forcett-fire-places-homes-at-risk/4453038|title=Fires rage across Tasmania|date=2013-01-04|website=abc.net.au|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|accessdate=2015-10-25}}</ref> |
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|} |
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== |
==21st century== |
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{{for|coverage of past events|21st century|Timeline of the 21st century}} |
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{{Refimprove|section|date=October 2015|talk=Prediction References}} |
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===2000s=== |
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As this millennium is currently in progress, its first two decades of [[21st century]] (the past [[2000s (decade)|2000s]] and the current [[2010s]]), are the subject of the historian's attention. The remaining part of the [[21st century]] ([[2020s]] to [[2090s]]) and longer-term trends ([[22nd century|22nd]] to [[30th century]]) are researched in [[futures studies]]. Here are some possible events that will happen in those particular years: |
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{{main|2000s}} |
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{{flatlist}} |
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* See: [[2000]] |
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* [[2001]] |
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* [[2002]] |
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* [[2003]] |
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* [[2004]] |
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* [[2005]] |
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* [[2006]] |
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* [[2007]] |
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* [[2008]] |
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* [[2009]] |
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{{endflatlist}} |
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=== |
===2010s=== |
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{{main|2010s}} |
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* September 1, 2061 - A time capsule at St. Gabriel School in [[Biggar, Saskatchewan|Biggar]], [[Saskatchewan]], [[Canada]] is scheduled to be opened for its 150th anniversary of its school division (Greater Saskatoon Catholic Schools). It was sealed on [[September 11]], 2011 (was not buried). |
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{{flatlist}} |
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* 2068 - The Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument is expected to be opened 100 years after it was locked in 1968. |
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* See: [[2010]] |
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* March 19, 2094 - A [[time capsule]] sealed exactly one hundred years before is scheduled to be opened at [[Denver International Airport]]. |
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* [[2011]] |
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*April 27, 2109 – A [[time capsule]] placed under the floor boards of the [[Old Queens]] Building at [[Rutgers University]], in [[New Jersey]], [[United States]] buried on April 27, 2009 is scheduled to be opened.<ref>{{cite news|first=Mary |last=Diduch |title=U. celebrates Old Queens bicentennial |url=http://www.dailytargum.com/news/u-celebrates-old-queens-bicentennial-1.1735519|publisher= [[College Media Network]] | work=[[The Daily Targum]]|location=[[Rutgers University]] |date=April 27, 2009 |accessdate=June 16, 2009 |quote=At the ceremony, a time capsule was revealed containing several items from today to leave for the University in 2109, at the building’s tricentennial commemoration.}}</ref> |
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* [[2012]] |
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* September 19, 2110 – A time capsule at the Plaza de Armas in [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], [[Chile]] is intended to be opened on that date. It was buried in 2010. |
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* [[2013]] |
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* November 18, 2112 – The City of [[Beaumont, California]] in the United States will open their time capsule in honor of its Bi-Centennial. |
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* [[2014]] |
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* 2112 - a time capsule buried in Weavers Academy, Wellingborough, UK, will be opened after 100 years of being buried. |
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* [[2015]] |
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* 2132 – A time capsule on Rideau Street in [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] is intended to be opened that year. It was buried in 1982. |
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* [[2016]] |
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* 2193 - A time capsule at the [[York Civic Centre]] in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] is intended to be opened that year.<ref name=time-capsule>[http://www.freebase.com/view/en/york_civic_centre York Civic Centre]. Freebase (2006-10-23). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.</ref> It was buried in 1997. |
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* [[2017]] |
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* 2968 - The [[Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument]] in [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo]], Texas, contains four separate [[time capsule]]s, the last of which is intended to be opened 1000 years after the ''Time Columns Monument'' was locked in 1968. |
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* [[2018]] |
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* December 31, 2999 - The Time Capsule in [[Chinook Centre]] in [[Calgary]], Alberta, Canada is scheduled to open on December 31, 2999 after being sealed in 2000.<ref>[http://www.chinookcentre.com/en/centreinfo/Pages/FeaturesTimeCapsule.aspx Chinook Centre - Time Capsule], accessed February 29, 2012</ref> |
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* [[2019]] |
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{{endflatlist}} |
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=== |
===2020s=== |
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{{main|2020s}} |
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* August 12, 2045 - A [[total solar eclipse]] will take place in the United States, producing a path from [[California]] to [[Florida]]. Some parts of Florida are predicted to experience [[Solar_eclipse#Terminology_for_central_eclipse|totality]] for six minutes, the longest in US history. |
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{{flatlist}} |
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* November 11, 2069 – [[Transit of Mercury]] |
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* See: [[2020]] |
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* October 27, 2088 - [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] [[Occultation|occults]] [[Jupiter]], first time since 1708, but very close to the Sun and impossible to view with naked eye. |
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* [[2021]] |
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* September 23, 2090 - Total [[Solar Eclipse]] in the [[United Kingdom|UK]]. The next total eclipse visible in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] follows a track similar to that of August 11, 1999, but shifted slightly further north and occurring very near sunset. Maximum duration in [[Cornwall]] will be 2 minutes and 10 seconds. Same day and month as the eclipse of September 23, 1699. |
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* [[2022]] |
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* April 7, 2094 - [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] occults [[Jupiter]]; it will be very close to the [[Sun]] and impossible to view with naked eye. |
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* [[2023]] |
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* December 11, 2117 - [[Transit of Venus]].<ref name=transit-of-venus>[http://astro.ukho.gov.uk/nao/transit/V_2117/ HM Nautical Almanac Office: 2117 Transit of Venus]. Astro.ukho.gov.uk (2011-05-03). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.</ref> |
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* '''[[2024]]''' |
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* September 14, 2123 - At 15:28 [[Universal Time|UTC]], [[Venus]] will [[occultation|occult]] [[Jupiter]].<ref name=venus-eclipse-jupiter>[http://www.optcorp.com/edu/articleDetailEDU.aspx?aid=2275 Articles – Occultation – OPT Telescopes]. Optcorp.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-19.</ref> |
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* [[2025]] |
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* December 8, 2125 - Transit of [[Venus]].<ref name=Transit-of-venus>[http://astro.ukho.gov.uk/nao/transit/V_2125/ HM Nautical Almanac Office: 2125 Transit of Venus]. Astro.ukho.gov.uk (2011-05-03). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.</ref> |
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* [[2026]] |
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* July 29, 2126: At 16:08 UTC, [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] will occult Mars.<ref name=Occolt>{{Wayback|url=http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Occultation_-_Mutual_planetary_transits_and_occultations/id/1813388|title=Occultation - Mutual planetary transits and occultations - Encyclopedia II|date=20131213140338}}</ref> |
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* [[2027]] |
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* December 3, 2133 - At 14:14 UTC, [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] will occult [[Venus]]. |
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* [[2028]] |
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* September 2, 2197 - Venus occults [[Spica]]. <br /> Last occultation of Spica by Venus was on November 10, 1783.{{citation needed|date=September 2011}} |
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* [[2029]] |
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* December 24, 2197 - Earth's [[Moon]] will occult Neptune. |
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{{endflatlist}} |
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* 2209 and 2284 - [[perihelion]] of [[Comet Halley]]. |
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* May 27, 2221 - near-Earth asteroid {{mpl|(285263) 1998 QE|2}} will pass Earth at a distance of {{convert|0.038|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref name="Goldstone2013">{{cite web |
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|date=May 28, 2013 |
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|title=(285263) 1998 QE2 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning |
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|publisher=NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research |
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|author=Dr. Lance A. M. Benner |
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|url=http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/1998QE2/1998QE2_planning.html |
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|accessdate=2013-05-30}}</ref> |
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* 2221 - [[Triple conjunction]] of [[Mars]] and [[Saturn]]. |
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* December 2, 2223 - At 12:32 [[Universal Time|UTC]] Mars will [[occultation|occult]] [[Jupiter]]. |
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* 2238/39 - Triple conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn (whose last triple conjunction was in 1981). |
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* August 12, 2243 - At 04:52 UTC, [[Venus]] will occult Saturn. |
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* June 11, 2247 - [[Transit of Venus]]. |
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* March 4, 2251 - At 10:52 UTC, Venus will occult [[Uranus]]. |
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* In 2252, the [[planetoid]] [[90482 Orcus|Orcus]] will have completed one orbit of the Sun since its discovery in 2004, based upon current orbital measurements which give it a period of 248 Earth years. |
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* August 1, 2253 - [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] occults [[Regulus]] (last occultation of Regulus by Mercury was on August 13, [[364 BC]]). |
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* June 9, 2255 - Transit of Venus. |
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* 2256 to 2258 - [[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]] will reach perihelion for the first time since discovery. |
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* October 6, 2271 - Close [[Conjunction (astronomy and astrology)|conjunction]] between Venus and Regulus, perhaps occultation of Regulus by Venus. |
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* 2279 - Triple conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn. |
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* 2281/82 - [[Grand trine (astrology)|Grand Trine]] of [[Uranus]], [[Neptune]], and [[Pluto]]. This last occurred in 1769 and 1770. |
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* Sunday, August 28, 2287 - Closest approach between [[Mars]] and Earth since Wednesday, August 27, 2003. |
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* In 2288, the planetoid [[50000 Quaoar|Quaoar]] will have completed one orbit of the Sun since its discovery in 2002, which, based upon current orbital measurements, gives it a period of 286 Earth years. |
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* September 11, 2307 - At 22:50 [[Universal Time|UTC]], [[Venus]] will [[occultation|occult]] [[Uranus]]. |
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* 2313 - [[Triple conjunction]] [[Mars]]–[[Jupiter]]. |
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* 2319 - Triple conjunction Mars-[[Saturn]]. |
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* June 4, 2327 - At 00:54 UTC, Venus will occult Mars. |
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* October 8, 2335 - At 14:51 UTC, Venus will occult Jupiter. |
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* April 7, 2351 - At 17:22 UTC, [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] will occult Uranus. |
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* December 13, 2360 - Transit of Venus. |
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* 2365 - Perihelion of Comet Halley. |
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* December 10, 2368 - [[Transit of Venus]]. |
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* 2388 - Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn. |
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* May 11, 2391 - Partial [[transit of Mercury]]. |
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* November 17, 2400 - Venus will occult [[Antares]] (last occultation of Antares by Venus was on September 17, [[525 BC]]). |
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* December 30, 2419 - At 01:38 [[Universal Time|UTC]] [[Venus]] will [[occultation|occult]] [[Uranus]]. |
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* 2426 - [[Pluto]]'s second orbit, since its discovery. |
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* 2456 - [[Triple conjunction]] [[Mars]]–[[Jupiter]]. |
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* August 29, 2478 - At 23:11 UTC Mars will occult Jupiter. |
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* June 12, 2490 - [[Transit of Venus]]. |
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* May 6, 2492 - Belgian [[astronomer]] [[Jean Meeus]] asserts that the orbits of all eight [[planets]] and Pluto will be within the same 90° arc of the [[Solar System]]. The last time this is believed to have occurred was on February 1, 949.<ref>[http://www.griffithobs.org/SkyAlignments.html Griffith Observatory] (non accessible)</ref> <!-- ??? --> |
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* June 10, 2498 - Transit of Venus. |
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* May 5, 2600 - First total solar eclipse<ref>[http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/5MCSEmap/2501-2600/2600-05-05.gif Solar eclipse of May 5, 2600]</ref> visible from [[London]] since 2151.<ref>[http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/5MCSEmap/2101-2200/2151-06-14.gif Solar eclipse of June 14, 2151]</ref> <br />The width of its path is predicted to be exceptionally wide at its maximum point. |
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* April 7, 2515 - At 10:37 [[Universal Time|UTC]], [[Mars]] will [[occultation|occult]] [[Neptune]].<ref name="transits">[http://transit.savage-garden.org/mutual.html Mutual Planetary Transits; Fifteen millennium catalog; Period 2 001 AD - 3 000 AD]</ref> |
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* January 25, 2518 - At 22:41 UTC, [[Venus]] will occult [[Saturn]].<ref name="transits"/> |
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* 2562 - The [[dwarf planet]] [[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]] will have completed one orbit of the Sun, since its discovery in 2005. |
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* 2599 - [[Triple conjunction]] Mars–[[Jupiter]]. |
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* December 16, 2603 - [[Transit of Venus]]. |
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* May 13, 2608 - Grazing [[Transit of Mercury]]. |
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* December 13, 2611 - Partial transit of [[Venus]]. |
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* 2626/27 - [[Triple conjunction]] [[Mars]]–[[Saturn]]. |
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* 2629 - Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn. |
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* February 16, 2649 - At 11:17 [[Universal Time|UTC]] Venus will [[occultation|occult]] [[Neptune]]. |
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* September 3, 2650 - The distance between Mars and [[the Earth]] will arrive at a new remarkable minimum, at 55 651 582,118 km. <br />It will be the closer encounter of perihelitic opposition slightly shorter (of next 37 000 km) than the previous one of the [[23rd century|August 28, 2287]].<ref>[meteorite-list] [http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg14044.html Mars Makes Closest Approach In Nearly 60,000 Years], by Ron Baalke, on Friday August 22, 2003 at 09:04:54 -0700</ref> <br />The following closer encounter will be on [[28th century|September 8, 2729]]. |
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* 2655/56 - Triple conjunction [[Jupiter]]-Saturn. |
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* 2663 - Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn. |
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* 2699/2700 - Triple conjunctions between Mars-Jupiter, Mars-Neptune and Jupiter-Neptune. |
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* October 24, 2714 - Transit of Jupiter from Uranus. First one in 800 years since May 3, 1914, which, as of one year before now, is 700 years from now. Now is also 100 years from the previous transit. |
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* September 8, 2729 - The distance between Mars and [[the Earth]] will arrive at a new remarkable minimum, at 55 651 033,122 km. <br />It will be the closer encounter of perihelitic opposition slightly shorter (just of 549 km) than the previous one of the [[27th century|September 8, 2650]].<ref>[meteorite-list] [http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg14044.html Mars Makes Closest Approach In Nearly 60,000 Years], par Ron Baalke, on Friday August 22, 2003 at 09:04:54 -0700</ref> |
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* June 15, 2733 - [[Transit of Venus]]. |
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* June 13, 2741 - Transit of Venus. |
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* 2742 - [[Triple conjunction]] [[Mars]]–[[Jupiter]]. |
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* 2744 - Triple conjunction Mars–Jupiter. |
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* 2761 - Triple conjunction Mars–[[Saturn]]. |
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* December 3, 2781 - At 06:45 [[Universal Time|UTC]] Venus will [[occultation|occult]] [[Neptune]]. |
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* 2791 - Triple conjunction Mars–Jupiter. |
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* 2794/95 - Triple conjunction Jupiter–Saturn. |
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* 29th century - The remnants of [[Comet Ikeya-Seki]] are expected to return to the inner solar system. <br>It was last seen from Earth in 1965–1966, and broke into three pieces as it approached the [[Sun]]. |
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* March 25, 2816 - At 15:47 [[Universal Time|UTC]] [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] will [[occultation|occult]] [[Jupiter]]. |
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* March 6, 2817 - At 9:36 UTC [[Venus]] will occult [[Saturn]]. |
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* April 11, 2818 - At 20:41 UTC Mercury will occult [[Mars]]. |
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* February 6, 2825 - At 10:50 UTC [[Mars]] will occult [[Uranus]]. |
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* 2829/30 - [[Triple conjunction]] Mars-Saturn. |
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* December 15, 2830 - At 09:40 UTC Venus will occult Mars. |
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* 2842/43 - Triple conjunction Mars-Jupiter. |
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* December 16, 2846 - [[Transit of Venus]]. |
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* December 14, 2854 - Partial transit of Venus. |
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* July 20, 2855 - At 05:15 UTC Mercury will occult Jupiter. |
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* 2866 - Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn. |
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* March 16, 2880 - Predicted possible impact date for asteroid [[(29075) 1950 DA]], the near Earth object with the highest known probability of crashing into Earth. |
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=== |
===2030s=== |
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{{Main|2030s}} |
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* 2099 - According to one study, 83% of the [[Amazon rainforest]] may have been destroyed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17864-no-rainforest-no-monsoon-get-ready-for-a-warmer-world.html|title=No rainforest, no monsoon: get ready for a warmer world|publisher=NewScientist}}</ref> |
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*By 2100, 12% (about 1250) of the bird species existing at the beginning of the 21st century are expected to be extinct or threatened with extinction.<ref name="Pimm2006">{{cite journal |last=Pimm |first=Stuart |authorlink= |year=2006 |title=Human impacts on the rates of recent, present, and future bird extinctions |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|PNAS]] |volume=103 |issue=29 |pages=10941–10946 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0604181103 |url= |accessdate= |pmc=1544153|quote= |pmid=16829570|display-authors=etal}}</ref> |
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*By 2100, [[emperor penguin]]s could be pushed to the brink of extinction due to [[climate change|global climate change]], according to a [[Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution]] study from January 2009. The study applied mathematical models to predict how the loss of sea ice from climate warming would affect an [[Antarctica]] colony of emperor penguins, and they forecast a decline of 87% in the colony's population by the end of the century.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/26/AR2009012601875.html?hpid=artslot | accessdate = January 26, 2008 | work=The Washington Post | first=Will | last=Dunham | title=Melting Sea Ice May Doom Emperor Penguins, Study Finds}}</ref> |
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=== |
===2040s=== |
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{{redirect|2040|the film|2040 (film){{!}}''2040'' (film)}} |
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*January 19, [[2038]] – [[Year 2038 problem|32-bit computer clocks overflow]] to represent the date as December 31, 1969. |
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{{redirect|2042|the game|Battlefield 2042{{!}}Battlefield 2042}} |
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* [[2096]] is the last leap year before [[2100]], which will not be a leap year. |
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{{Redirect|2046|the film|2046 (film){{!}}''2046'' (film)}} |
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*On March 1, 2100 (which will be February 16, 2100 in the Julian calendar), the difference between the [[Julian calendar]] and the [[Gregorian calendar]] reaches 14 days. Since 14 is divisible by 7, this will be the first time in history since its inception that the Gregorian calendar will have the same day of the week for each day of the month for the whole year as the Julian calendar. This will last until February 28, 2200 of the Gregorian Calendar. |
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* Rare alignment of the five naked-eye planets cluster within 7° of longitude, September 12, 2040.<ref>September 12, 2040 in {{cite web |title=Ephemerides for Year 2040 |url=https://www.findyourfate.com/astrology/ephemeris/2040.html#september}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christie |first=Ian |date=June 14, 2023 |title=Will there ever be a time when all our solar system's planets align? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/lastword/mg25834431-200-will-there-ever-be-a-time-when-all-our-solar-systems-planets-align/ |journal=New Scientist}}</ref> |
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*2100 will not be a leap year since it qualifies as a year that is divisible by 100, but not by 400. |
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* 2040: End year of the [[Baku City Master Plan]] implementation.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://arxkom.gov.az/en/bakinin-bas-plani?plan=baki-seherinin-bas-plani-2040|title=Baku City General Plan 2040|publisher= State Committee on Urban Planning and Architecture of Azerbaijan| date=| accessdate =25 January 2024}}</ref> |
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* [[File Allocation Table|FAT file systems]] theoretically support dates up to December 31, 2107 (though officially only up to December 31, 2099). |
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* 2041: |
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*On November 14, 2139, [[Bernie Madoff]] is scheduled to be released from prison, should he live to be 201 years old. |
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** The [[Antarctic treaty]] is scheduled to come under review.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-GstDwAAQBAJ&q=Antarctic+Treaty+System+review+2041&pg=PT9|title=Antarctica: The Frozen Continent's Environment, Changing Logistics and Relevance to India|author=Jagadish Khadilkar|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9789386643001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/13-indians-take-the-harshest-route-in-the-world-to-save-antarctica/articleshow/46583356.cms?from=mdr|title=13 Indians take the harshest route in the world to save Antarctica|work=economictimes.indiatimes.com|date=16 March 2015|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> |
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* The Year type in [[MySQL]] supports dates up to December 31, 2155. |
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* 2042: |
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* March 17, 2160 – Unless changes are made as to when Easter can be observed, this particular March 17 will fall within [[Holy Week]] for the first time since 2008 and fall on the same day (Monday) as it did in that year, likely requiring the movement of the [[Saint Patrick's Day|Feast of Saint Patrick's Day]] to another date.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thonline.com/article.cfm?id=194136 |title=No St. Pat's Day Mass allowed in Holy Week |accessdate=2008-03-13 |author=Nevans-Pederson, Mary |date=2008-03-13 |work= Dubuque Telegraph Herald |publisher= Woodward Communications, Inc. | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080405033147/http://www.thonline.com/article.cfm?id=194136| archivedate= 5 April 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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** 17 September: a common [[Time formatting and storage bugs#Year 2042|computing representation of date and time]] on [[IBM mainframe]] systems will overflow with potential results similar to the [[year 2000 problem]]. |
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* Unless [[Reform of the date of Easter|changes]] are made in the religious calendar, in 2285, the Western [[Easter]] will fall on March 22 for the first time since 1818, the earliest possible date on which Easter can occur.<ref>http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/easter.php</ref> |
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* 2047: On 1 July, the present "[[one country, two systems]]" arrangement in [[Hong Kong]] is scheduled to end, as it was guaranteed for 50 years starting from July 1, 1997, provided under the [[Hong Kong Basic Law]]. The agreement was raised by [[Deng Xiaoping]] to deal with [[Handover of Hong Kong|Hong Kong's reunification]] with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] in 1997, and stipulated in the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration]] of 1984. What will be done is not stated in any document.<ref name="transcript" /> |
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* 2048: On 14 January, the [[Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty]] is scheduled to come up for review.<ref>{{cite book|last=Brady|first=Anne-Marie|title=China as a Polar Great Power|date=2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781316844670|page=225|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRkuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA225|language=en}}</ref><ref name="transcript">{{Cite web |url=http://202.99.23.245/deng/newfiles/c1320.html|title=Transcript of Deng Xiaoping's dialogue with Margaret Thatcher|access-date=2 November 2020|archive-date=15 April 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415095330/http://202.99.23.245/deng/newfiles/c1320.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* 2049: On 20 December, the present "[[one country, two systems]]" arrangement with [[Macau]], guaranteed for 50 years starting from 20 December 1999, provided under the [[Macau Basic Law|Basic Law]] and the [[Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau]], will expire.<ref>{{cite news|title=10 fascinating facts about Europe's last colony in Asia – and the most crowded place on Earth|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/macau/articles/macau-facts-about-the-last-european-colony-in-asia/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/macau/articles/macau-facts-about-the-last-european-colony-in-asia/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|website=The Telegraph|date=13 April 2017 |access-date=8 May 2018|last1=Leadbeater |first1=Chris }}{{cbignore}}</ref> |
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* 2049: The diary of [[Robert Shields (diarist)|Robert Shields]] will receive an exact word count.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Douglas |date=29 October 2007 |title=Robert Shields, Wordy Diarist, Dies at 89 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/29/us/29shields.html |website=[[New York Times]]}}</ref> |
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===2050s=== |
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===Technological predictions=== |
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{{Redirect|2050|the film|2050 (film){{!}}''2050'' (film)}} |
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* Expected completion of a [[space elevator]] by 2050.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.popsci.com.au/technology/japanese-construction-company-plans-space-elevator-by-2050 |title=Japanese Construction Company Plans Space Elevator By 2050 |author= Rebecca Boyle|date=23 February 2012|accessdate= 29 February 2012|work= Australian Popular Science}}</ref> |
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{{Redirect|2055|the song|2055 (song)}} |
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*Predictions have been made for commercial hypersonic air travel by 2050.<ref>[http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-06/20/hypersonic-zehst-jet]</ref> |
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* 2050: |
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*Denmark's energy supply is planned to be supplied only by renewable energies in 2050.<ref>{{cite web | title=Our future energy | url=http://www.kemin.dk/Documents/Klima-%20og%20Energipolitik/our%20future%20energy.pdf | work=The Danish government | publisher=The Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy | date= November 2011 | accessdate= 2012-04-26}}</ref> |
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** The [[United Kingdom]] aims to reach [[Net zero emissions|net-zero]] [[Greenhouse gas emissions by the United Kingdom|carbon emissions]] in accordance with the [[Climate Change Act 2008]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=UK net zero target|url=https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/net-zero-target#:~:text=In%20June%202019%2C%20parliament%20passed,to%201990%20levels%20by%202050.&text=Prior%20to%20this%2C%20the%20UK,1990%20levels%2C%20also%20by%202050. |access-date=20 March 2024|website=Institute for Government|date=20 April 2020|archive-date=20 March 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240320042051/https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/article/explainer/uk-net-zero-target |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* Work on cleaning up the site of the [[Oldbury Nuclear Power Station]] near [[Thornbury, South Gloucestershire]], [[England]], which was [[Nuclear decommissioning|decommissioned]] on 29 February 2012, is scheduled to be complete between 2092 and 2101.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2108218/Worlds-oldest-nuclear-power-station-closes--90-years-cost-954m-clear-completely.html | accessdate = 29 February 2012 | work=[[Daily Mail]] | first=Nick | last=Enoch | title=World's oldest nuclear power station closes... but it will take 90 more years and £954m to clear it completely | location=London | date=February 29, 2012}}</ref> |
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** [[Three-North Shelter Forest Program]] is expected to be completed.<ref name="multiple 1">{{cite web |url=http://english.forestry.gov.cn/web/article.do?action=readnew&id=201001141142307633 |title=State Forestry Administration, P.R.China |language=zh |website=State Forestry Administration, P.R.China |access-date=15 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315074537/http://english.forestry.gov.cn/web/article.do?action=readnew&id=201001141142307633 |archive-date=15 March 2014 }}</ref> |
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* According to the [[Discovery Channel]] documentary, ''[[Extreme Engineering]]'', the Japanese proposed [[Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid]] could be complete by 2110.<ref name=mega-city>[http://www.geekwidget.com/shimizu-try-2004-mega-city-pyramid-346 New Mega-City Challenge – Concept]. Geekwidget (2010-03-29). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.</ref><ref>{{youtube|wRsp6DhxLDU|city in pyramid}}</ref> |
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** The case files surrounding the 1943 death of the former [[lieutenant general]] of the [[Polish Army]] and first [[Prime Minister]] of the [[Polish government in exile]], [[Władysław Sikorski]], is expected to be declassified this year by the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Poznać przeszłość: Wiek XX: Podręcznik do historii dla szkół ponadgimnazjalnych. Zakres podstawowy|last1=Roszak|first1=Stanisław|last2=Kłaczkow|first2=Jarosław|publisher=Nowa Era|year=2015|isbn=9788326724022|location=Warsaw|language=pl}}</ref> Due to tensions between the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Soviet Union]], and [[Nazi Germany]], the circumstances of his death [[Władysław Sikorski's death controversy|has led to disputes over whether the crash was deliberate or not]]. The official conclusion by the British government is that the crash was accidental. However, the Polish government refused to endorse this report on the basis of a lack of conclusive findings and contradictions within the British evidence.<ref name="Peszke2005-101">{{cite book|author=Michael Alfred Peszke|title=The Polish Underground Army, The Western Allies, And The Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zhb2doihL1wC&pg=PA102|year=2005|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-2009-4|page=101}}</ref> In 2008 an investigation was opened by the Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation of the [[Institute of National Remembrance]], and concluded in 2013 that there is not enough evidence to prove or disprove the sabotage theory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Śledztwo ws. śmierci generała Sikorskiego umorzone |url=https://www.tvn24.pl/r/383218 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=TVN24.pl}}</ref> |
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* The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) initiated by [[Stanford University]] will be concluded in 2115.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford to host 100-year study on artificial intelligence |url=http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ai-century-study-121614.html |work=Stanford University |date=16 December 2014 |accessdate=19 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Study to Examine Effects of Artificial Intelligence |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/16/science/century-long-study-will-examine-effects-of-artificial-intelligence.html |work=The New York Times |date=15 December 2014 |accessdate=19 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=One-Hundred Year Study of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections and Framing |url=https://stanford.app.box.com/s/266hrhww2l3gjoy9euar |work=Eric Horvitz |date=2014 |accessdate=19 December 2014 }}</ref> |
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* 2051: |
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* 2162 or later: The satellite [[Envisat]], declared "dead" in 2012, is expected to deorbit and burn up in the atmosphere no earlier than 2162.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/12/dead-satellite-envisat-space-junk_n_1512276.html |title=Dead Satellite Envisat May Be Space Junk for 150 Years |accessdate=2012-05-13 |author=Wall, Mike |date=2012-05-11 |work= Huffington Post |publisher= Huffington Post}}</ref> |
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** April: One of the [[Message to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence|METI]] messages [[Cosmic Call 1]] sent from the 70-meter [[Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope|Eupatoria Planetary Radar]] in 1999 arrives at its destination, [[Gliese 777]] star. |
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*By 2200, it is predicted that Earth will become a [[Type I civilization]] on the [[Kardashev scale]], according to [[Nikolai Kardashev]]'s extrapolation of 1% energy usage growth per year.<ref name="Kaku">{{cite journal |url=http://www.astrobio.net/interview/939/how-advanced-could-they-be |title=How Advanced Could They Be? |journal=Astrobiology Magazine |author=Kaku, Michio |date=April 26, 2004 |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> |
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* 2054: |
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** [[Hawksbill Creek Agreement]] granting tax exemptions and special economic status for [[Freeport, Bahamas]], is set to expire. |
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=== |
===2060s=== |
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{{redirect2|2061|2067|other uses|2061 (disambiguation)|and|2067 (disambiguation)}} |
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*{{As of|2009|12}}, the [[United States Census Bureau]] projects a world population of 8.4 billion by [[2030]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050 | url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopgraph.php | work=U.S. Census Bureau | publisher= | date=2008-12-15 | accessdate=2009-03-30 }}</ref> |
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* 2060: |
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*French [[Demographics|demographist]] [[Emmanuel Todd]] predicts the level of [[literacy]] amongst the world population to reach near 100% by 2030<ref>{{cite book |title=[[After the Empire: The Breakdown of the American Order]] |last=Todd |first=Emmanuel |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2003 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-231-13102-X |page= |pages= |url= }}</ref> |
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** The [[Chinese government]] aims for China to be [[carbon neutral]].<ref name="guard0">{{cite news |last1=Harvey |first1=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |last2=Watts |first2=Jonathan |last3=Ni |first3=Vincent |date=28 October 2021 |title=China's new climate plan falls short of Cop26 global heating goal, experts say |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/28/disappointing-but-not-unexpected-china-climate-goal-leaves-experts-unsatisfied |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102112339/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/28/disappointing-but-not-unexpected-china-climate-goal-leaves-experts-unsatisfied |archive-date=2 November 2021 |access-date=2 November 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> |
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*[[Gerontologist]] [[Aubrey De Grey]] predicts there is a "50/50 chance" of [[life extension|curing aging]] by around the year [[2036]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Health and Science Correspondent Kate Kelland |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/04/us-ageing-cure-idUSTRE7632ID20110704 |title=Who wants to live forever? Scientist sees aging cured |publisher=Reuters |date= |accessdate=2013-01-10}}</ref> |
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** [[Russia]] aims to be carbon neutral.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-13 |title=Russia striving to be carbon neutral no later than 2060, says Putin |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/russia-striving-be-carbon-neutral-no-later-than-2060-says-putin-2021-10-13/ |access-date=2023-11-27}}</ref> |
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* [[World population]] is predicted to reach 9.3 billion people, according to [[United Nations Population Division]].<ref>{{cite web | title=World population to reach 9.1 billion in 2050, UN projects | url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=13451&Cr=population&Cr1 | work=UN News Center | publisher= | date=24 February 2005 | accessdate= }}</ref> |
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* 2061: |
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* French [[Demographics|demographist]] [[Emmanuel Todd]] predicts worldwide [[zero population growth]] [[birth rates]] by 2050.<ref>{{cite book |title=[[After the Empire: The Breakdown of the American Order]] |last=Todd |first=Emmanuel |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2003 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-231-13102-X |page= |pages= |url= }}</ref> |
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** 28 July: [[Halley's Comet#2061|Halley's Comet]] will enter the inner solar system and is expected to be visible from Earth again after its last perihelion in 1986. |
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* The [[United Kingdom]] could have the largest population in Europe by 2050 and be the third biggest recipient of migrants in the world, UN projections suggest.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Britain 'biggest in EU by 2050' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7938173.stm |work=BBC News |publisher= |date=12 March 2009 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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** 31 December: Expiration of the [[Water conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore|Singapore-Malaysia Water Agreement]]. |
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* 2050s - [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[United States]], [[India]], [[Brazil]] and [[Mexico]] will be the largest economies in the world, according to a [[Goldman Sachs]] study.<ref>{{cite paper |url=http://www.chicagobooth.edu/alumni/clubs/pakistan/docs/next11dream-march%20'07-goldmansachs.pdf |title=The N-11: More Than an Acronym |first=Dominic |last=Wilson |first2=Anna |last2=Stupnytska |date=March 28, 2007 |series=Global Economics Paper |volume=153 }}</ref> |
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** All 6 reactors from the [[Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant]] are planned to be decommissioned by this time. (30 to 40 years from 2021)<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901124954/https://www.tepco.co.jp/en/hd/decommission/project/roadmap/index-e.html|archivedate=September 1, 2023|url=https://www.tepco.co.jp/en/hd/decommission/project/roadmap/index-e.html|title=Roadmap on the Way to Decommissioning|work=[[Tokyo Electric Power Company|TEPCO]]|accessdate=October 1, 2023}}</ref> However, according to a 2023 report by [[Voice of America]], some experts have said "it would be impossible to remove all the melted fuel debris by 2051 and would take 50-100 years, if achieved at all."<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827040122/https://www.voanews.com/a/at-fukushima-daiichi-decommissioning-nuclear-plant-more-challenging-than-water-release-/7242926.html| archive-date=August 27, 2023 |url= |
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* 2160 – Some scientists believe there are babies born in 2010 who may still be alive in 2160.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/has-the-elixir-of-youth-come-of-age-1971341.html |title=Has the elixir of youth come of age? |accessdate=2010-05-15 |author=Laurance, Jeremy |date=2010-05-12 |work=The Independent |publisher=The Independent| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100515115959/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/has-the-elixir-of-youth-come-of-age-1971341.html| archivedate= 15 May 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no | location=London}}</ref> |
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https://www.voanews.com/a/at-fukushima-daiichi-decommissioning-nuclear-plant-more-challenging-than-water-release-/7242926.html |title=Can decommissioning end by 2051 as planned? |work=[[Voice of America]]| date=August 26, 2023 |access-date=October 1, 2023 | agency= Associated Press}}</ref> |
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*According to the UN Population Bureau, life expectancy in 2200 will be around 100 for developed countries and the world population will be about 8.5 billion. However, the UN has warned that these projections could be invalidated by any change and progress in future [[life extension]] technology and discoveries, as well as changes in future birthrates.<ref>[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/longrange2/WorldPop2300final.pdf World population in 2300]. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2014-01-19.</ref> |
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* 2065: |
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* [[22nd century]] - In his book ''[[The Next 100 Years]]'', American political scientist [[George Friedman]] predicts that as the century begins, an ongoing confrontation between an increasingly powerful [[Mexico]] and the [[United States]] will be taking place. Mexico will be an economically and militarily powerful country capable of challenging the United States, while a Mexican majority in southern regions of the United States will have made them a ''de facto'' extension of Mexico, with increasing secessionist sentiment. Both countries will be competing for dominance over [[North America]], which will remain the international centre of gravity throughout the next few centuries.<ref>Friedman, George (2009) ''The Next 100 Years: A Forecast for the 21st Century'', Anchor, ISBN 0767923057.</ref> |
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** The process of cleanup and decommissioning the [[Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]], following the 1986 [[Chernobyl disaster]], is projected to be finished.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/56391/|title=Chernobyl nuclear power plant site to be cleared by 2065|newspaper=Kyiv Post|date=3 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005150746/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/chornobyl-nuclear-power-plant-site-to-be-cleared-b-56391.html|archive-date=5 October 2012 }}</ref> |
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* 2250 - According to the theory of historian Max Ostrovsky,<ref>''[[Y = Arctg X: The Hyperbola of the World Order]]'', (Lanham: University Press of America, 2007).</ref> the latest probable emergence of the [[World State]], following at least one more [[World War]]. |
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===2070s=== |
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==Significant people== |
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{{redirect|2071|the play|2071 (play){{!}}''2071'' (play)}} |
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''The people in this section are organized according to the [[United Nations geoscheme|UN geoscheme]].'' |
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{{redirect|2073|the Asif Kapadia film|2073 (film){{!}}''2073'' (film)}} |
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<!--Note to editors: please limit the list of names in each square of the table to three, additional notable people can be added to the appropriate century pages--> |
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{{redirect|2077|the video game|Cyberpunk 2077{{!}}''Cyberpunk 2077''}} |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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* 2070: According to an announcement made by Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] in 2021, India will be carbon neutral.<ref>{{cite news |title=India pledges net-zero emissions by 2070 — but also wants to expand coal mining |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/11/03/1051805674/modi-india-cop26-coal-renewable-energy?t=1636899927203 |work=NPR |date=3 November 2021 |access-date=14 November 2021 |archive-date=14 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114145317/https://www.npr.org/2021/11/03/1051805674/modi-india-cop26-coal-renewable-energy?t=1636899927203 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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|+Significant people of the 3rd millennium AD |
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*2076- 300th anniversary of the signing of the [[United States Declaration of Independence]] |
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! style="width:10%"| |
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* [[Time formatting and storage bugs#Year 2079|2079]]: For computer software using unsigned 16-bit binary day counts and an epoch of 1 January 1900, the counts will overflow after 65,536 (2<sup>16</sup>) days, which will occur on 6 June 2079. |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Americas |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania |
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|- style="text-align:left;" |
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![[21st century]] |
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|<!--AFRICA (limit three) --> [[Muammar Gaddafi]]<br>[[Hosni Mubarak]]<br>[[Desmond Tutu]] |
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|<!--AMERICAS (limit three) --> [[George W. Bush]]<br>[[Barack Obama]]<br>[[Bill Gates]]<br>[[Mark Zuckerberg]]<br> |
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|<!--ASIA (limit three) --> [[Osama bin Laden]]<br>[[Hu Jintao]]<br>[[Narendra Modi]]<br>[[Salman of Saudi Arabia ]]<br>[[Ban Ki-Moon]]<br>[[Kim Jong-un]] |
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|<!--EUROPE (limit three) --> [[Elizabeth II]]<br>[[Vladimir Putin]]<br>[[Angela Merkel]]<br>[[Pope Francis]]<br>[[Mario Draghi]]<br>[[David Cameron]]<br>[[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] |
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|<!--OCEANIA (limit three) --> [[Kevin Rudd]]<br>[[Julia Gillard]]<br>[[Malcolm Turnbull]] |
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|} |
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===2080s=== |
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==Inventions and discoveries== |
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{{redirect|2081|the short film|2081 (film){{!}}''2081'' (film)}} |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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{{redirect|2085|the song by AJR|The Maybe Man}} |
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|+Inventions and discoveries |
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{{redirect|2088|the 2016 album|Twenty88}} |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Communication and technology |
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* 2084: The next [[transit of Earth from Mars]] will happen. |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Math and science |
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* 2085: The "secret" letter of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] will be opened in [[Sydney, Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/queen-elizabeth-ii-secret-letter-sydney-mayor-b2167674.html|title=Queen Elizabeth II left a 'secret' letter that will stay unopened until 2085|work=The Independent|date=15 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref> |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Manufacturing |
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* 2088: The [[University of Bologna]], the world's oldest university in continuous operation, will turn 1,000 years old.<ref name="Ridder-Symoens 1992">de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde: [https://books.google.com/books?id=5Z1VBEbF0HAC ''A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the Middle Ages''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124110224/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Z1VBEbF0HAC&printsec=frontcover |date=24 November 2022 }}, Cambridge University Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-521-36105-2}}, pp. 47–55</ref> |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Transportation and <br>space exploration |
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! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Warfare |
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|- style= style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;" |
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|<!--COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY (limit three)--> |
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#[[iOS]] |
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#[[Android (operating system)|Android]] |
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|<!--MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE (limit three)--> |
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#[[X-ray astronomy]]<ref name="rockooni">{{cite web|title=Chronology – Quarter 1 1949 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/chrono/19491.htm}}</ref> |
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#[[Poincaré conjecture]]<ref name=science>{{cite journal | last = Mackenzie | first = Dana | authorlink = Dana Mackenzie | title = The Poincaré Conjecture--Proved | journal = Science | volume = 314 | issue = 5807 | pages = 1848–1849 | date = 2006-12-22 | publisher = American Association for the Advancement of Science | doi = 10.1126/science.314.5807.1848 | issn=0036-8075 | url= http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/314/5807/1848 | pmid=17185565}}</ref> |
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#[[Higgs boson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-18702455|title=Higgs boson-like particle discovery claimed at LHC|work=BBC News|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref> |
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|<!--MANUFACTURING--> |
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#[[Graphene]] |
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|<!--TRANSPORTATION AND SPACE EXPLORATION (limit three)--> |
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#[[Mars Orbiter Mission]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/sep/24/india-mars-satellite-successfully-enters-orbit |title=India's Mars satellite successfully enters orbit, bringing country into space elite |work=The Guardian |date=24 September 2014 |accessdate=24 September 2014 |quote= India has become the first nation to send a satellite into orbit around Mars on its first attempt, and the first Asian nation to do so.}}</ref> |
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|<!--Warfare--> |
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|} |
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===2090s=== |
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==Centuries and decades== |
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{{redirect|2091|the TV series|2091 (TV series){{!}}''2091'' (TV series)}} |
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{{redirect|2093|the Yeat album|2093 (album){{!}}''2093'' (album)}} |
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{{redirect|2099|the Marvel Comics imprint|Marvel 2099{{!}}''Marvel 2099''}} |
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* 2090: The [[September 11th Victim Compensation Fund]] is set to expire.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/096173d122bb4e328657d8d75099ae8e|title=Senate approves bill to extend 9/11 victims fund|website=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2 August 2019|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119092234/https://apnews.com/096173d122bb4e328657d8d75099ae8e|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* 2092: |
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** Work on cleaning up the site of the [[Oldbury Nuclear Power Station]]{{efn|The Oldbury Nuclear Power Station is located in [[South Gloucestershire]], England.}} is scheduled to be complete in 2092 (early estimate).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVtivyaFjXcC&q=Oldbury+Nuclear+Power+Station+%222092%22&pg=PA85|title=Strategy: effective from April 2011|publisher=The Stationery Office|year=2011|page=85|isbn=9780108510472}}</ref> |
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* 2094: |
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** 7 April: [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] transits [[Jupiter]], this is the [[Planetary transits and occultations#List of mutual planetary occultations and transits|only known]] such event of the decade.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Albers |first=Steven |date=March 1979 |title=Mutual Occultation of Planets |journal=Sky and Telescope |volume=57 |issue=3 |page=220 |bibcode= 1979S&T....57..220A}}</ref> |
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* 2096: |
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** [[Ash Wednesday]] will occur on [[February 29]] (leap day) for the first time since the start of the [[Gregorian calendar]] in 1582.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/easter/easter_text2b.htm | title=Perpetual Easter Calculator: Liturgical Year }}</ref> |
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* 2099: |
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** The [[99-year lease]] for [[Kaufman Astoria Studios]] in Queens, New York City is set to expire.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.schumer.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/after-schumer-maloney-push-nps-approves-kaufman-astoria-studios-application-for-a-99-year-lease-term|title=After Schumer, Maloney Push, NPS Approves Kaufman Astoria Studios application for a 99 year lease term|work=Charles E. Schumer|date=16 October 2012}}</ref> |
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** [[Ontario]] regains control of the [[Ontario Highway 407]] when its 99-year lease expires.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Siekierska|first=Alicja|date=2019-04-05|title=Worst deal ever? The 407 is worth $30B today – Ontario sold it for $3.1B in 1999|work=[[Yahoo! Finance]]|url=https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/worst-deal-ever-the-407-is-worth-30-b-today-ontario-sold-it-for-31-b-in-1998-181642680.html|access-date=2021-12-20}}</ref> |
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** 2099 is the maximum year that can be set on computers with [[BIOS]] firmware, as well as Microsoft's [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows 7]], [[Windows 8]], and [[Windows 8.1]] operating systems, and Sony's [[PlayStation 2]] and the [[Nintendo DS]] gaming platforms. |
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===2100s=== |
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{| cellpadding="3" border="0" |
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* 2100: |
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|- |
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** [[Silverstein Properties]]' [[99-year lease]] on the [[World Trade Center site|World Trade Center]] expires.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://panynj.gov/pr/pressrelease.php3?id=80 |title=Governor Pataki, Acting Governor Difrancesco Laud Historic Port Authority Agreement To Privatize World Trade Center |publisher=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |date=2001-07-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010904171609/http://panynj.gov/pr/pressrelease.php3?id=80 |archive-date=September 4, 2001}}</ref> |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[21st century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| [[2000s (decade)|2000s]]{{efn| name = year}}{{efn| name = millennium}} || style="text-align:right;"| [[2010s]] |
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| style="text-align:right;"| [[2020s]] |
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| style="text-align:right;"| [[2030s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[2040s]] |
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| style="text-align:right;"| [[2050s]] |
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| style="text-align:right;"| [[2060s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[2070s]] |
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| style="text-align:right;"| [[2080s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[2090s]] |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[22nd century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| 2100s || style="text-align:right;"| 2110s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2120s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2130s || style="text-align:right;"| 2140s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2150s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2160s || style="text-align:right;"| 2170s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2180s || style="text-align:right;"| 2190s |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[23rd century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| 2200s || style="text-align:right;"| 2210s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2220s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2230s || style="text-align:right;"| 2240s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2250s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2260s || style="text-align:right;"| 2270s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2280s || style="text-align:right;"| 2290s |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[24th century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| 2300s || style="text-align:right;"| 2310s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2320s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2330s || style="text-align:right;"| 2340s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2350s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2360s || style="text-align:right;"| 2370s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2380s || style="text-align:right;"| 2390s |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[25th century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| 2400s || style="text-align:right;"| 2410s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2420s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2430s || style="text-align:right;"| 2440s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2450s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2460s || style="text-align:right;"| 2470s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2480s || style="text-align:right;"| 2490s |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[26th century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| 2500s || style="text-align:right;"| 2510s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2520s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2530s || style="text-align:right;"| 2540s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2550s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2560s || style="text-align:right;"| 2570s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2580s || style="text-align:right;"| 2590s |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[27th century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| 2600s || style="text-align:right;"| 2610s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2620s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2630s || style="text-align:right;"| 2640s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2650s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2660s || style="text-align:right;"| 2670s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2680s || style="text-align:right;"| 2690s |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[28th century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| 2700s || style="text-align:right;"| 2710s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2720s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2730s || style="text-align:right;"| 2740s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2750s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2760s || style="text-align:right;"| 2770s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2780s || style="text-align:right;"| 2790s |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[29th century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| 2800s || style="text-align:right;"| 2810s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2820s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2830s || style="text-align:right;"| 2840s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2850s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2860s || style="text-align:right;"| 2870s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2880s || style="text-align:right;"| 2890s |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[30th century]]''' |
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| style="text-align:left;"| 2900s || style="text-align:right;"| 2910s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2920s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2930s || style="text-align:right;"| 2940s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2950s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2960s || style="text-align:right;"| 2970s |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2980s || style="text-align:right;"| 2990s |
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|} |
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== |
==22nd century== |
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{{Hatnote|Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see [[22nd century (disambiguation)]], [[2150 (disambiguation)]], the song [[2120 South Michigan Avenue]], the video games ''[[Battlefield 2142]]'', ''[[Earth 2140]]'' and ''[[Earth 2160]]'', the short film ''[[21-87]]'', and [[SMPTE 2110]] video networking standard}} |
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{{notes |
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| notes = |
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<!-- nb: [[WP:REFNEST]]; nesting fails after first one; better to use harv referencing. meh; so using refs alongside efns inline --> |
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{{efn |
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| name= state |
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|Partially recognised state |
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}} |
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===2100s=== |
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{{efn |
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* 2103: Per an agreement between the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] and [[Caroline Kennedy]], the [[Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy|jacket Jackie Kennedy]] wore on the day [[John F. Kennedy]] was assassinated cannot be displayed in public until this year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/11/21/us/jacqueline-kennedy-pink-suit/index.html|title=Jackie Kennedy's pink suit locked away from public view |first=Randi |last=Kaye|work=CNN|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> |
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| name = year |
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* [[File Allocation Table|FAT file systems]] theoretically support dates up to 31 December 2107 (though officially only up to 31 December 2099). See [[Time formatting and storage bugs#Year 2108|Year 2108 problem]]. |
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| 2000 is generally considered the last year of the [[2nd millennium]], but there is some dispute. |
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}} |
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===2110s=== |
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{{efn |
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* The [[Chernobyl New Safe Confinement]] reaches end of designed lifetime in the 2110s. |
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| name = millennium |
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* 2111: The will of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] is scheduled to become public knowledge.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-16|title=Prince Philip's will to be secret for 90 years|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-58587147|access-date=2021-09-17}}</ref> |
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| 9 of the 10 years of the decade are in this millennium. |
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* 2112: |
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}} |
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** The will of [[Queen regnant|Queen]] [[Elizabeth II]] is scheduled to become public knowledge.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/queens-will-kept-sealed-hidden-90-years-undisclosed-location-1705721|title=Queen's will to be kept sealed and hidden for 90 years at undisclosed location|work=International Business Times|date=14 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref> |
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}} |
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* 2115: |
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** The first book from the [[Future Library project]] will be published, 100 years after being submitted by author [[Margaret Atwood]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=27 May 2015|title=Into the woods: Margaret Atwood reveals her Future Library book, Scribbler Moon|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/may/27/margaret-atwood-scribbler-moon-future-library-norway-katie-paterson|access-date=4 November 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> |
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** The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) initiated by [[Stanford University]] will be concluded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford to host 100-year study on artificial intelligence |url=http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ai-century-study-121614.html |work=Stanford University |date=16 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-date=12 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100557/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ai-century-study-121614.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Study to Examine Effects of Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/16/science/century-long-study-will-examine-effects-of-artificial-intelligence.html |work=The New York Times |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=One-Hundred Year Study of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections and Framing |url=https://stanford.app.box.com/s/266hrhww2l3gjoy9euar |work=Eric Horvitz |date=2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 }}</ref> |
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** ''[[100 Years (film)|100 Years]]'', a film by [[Robert Rodriguez]] and [[John Malkovich]], will be released 100 years after its development.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warner |first=Kara |title=John Malkovich Explains Why He Made A Movie No One Will See for 100 Years |url=https://people.com/celebrity/john-malkovich-explains-why-he-made-a-movie-no-one-will-see/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]] |language=en}}</ref> |
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* 2116: [[China Merchants Port]]'s [[99-year lease]] on [[Hambantota International Port]] in Sri Lanka is set to expire.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Panda |first1=Ankit |title=Sri Lanka Formally Hands Over Hambantota Port to Chinese Firms on 99-Year Lease |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/sri-lanka-formally-hands-over-hambantota-port-to-chinese-firms-on-99-year-lease/ |access-date=19 January 2022 |work=thediplomat.com}}</ref> |
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* 2117: In relation to the 2115 release of the ''100 Years'' short film, A song titled "100 Years", composed by [[Pharrell Williams]], will be released to the public. The song was performed by Williams at a private party in [[Shanghai]], China, in 2017. The song is said to have addressed global warming.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Want to hear the new Pharrell song? You'll have to wait until 2117 |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2017-11-15-want-to-hear-the-new-pharrell-song-youll-have-to-wait-until-2117/ |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> |
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== |
===2140s=== |
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{{redirect|2140|the video game|Earth 2140{{!}}''Earth 2140''}} |
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<!-- Citations follow Chicago Manual of Style, Documentation One. --> |
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{{redirect|2142|the video game|Battlefield 2142{{!}}''Battlefield 2142''}} |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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* 2140: All of the roughly 21 million [[Bitcoin]]s are expected to be mined.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hayes |first1=Adam |title=What Happens After All 21 Million Bitcoin Are Mined? |url=https://www.investopedia.com/tech/what-happens-bitcoin-after-21-million-mined/ |website=Investopedia}}</ref> |
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===2150s=== |
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* 2155: The year type in [[MySQL]] supports dates up to 31 December 2155.<ref>{{cite web|title=11.2.4 The YEAR Type|url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/year.html|access-date=21 May 2022}}</ref> |
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===2160s=== |
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{{redirect|2160|the video game|Earth 2160{{!}}''Earth 2160''}} |
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===2170s=== |
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* 2178: On 23 March, [[Pluto]] will have completed its first full orbit since its discovery in 1930. |
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===2180s=== |
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* 2182: On 24 September, asteroid [[101955 Bennu]] has a 1-in-2,700 chance of impacting Earth.<ref name="Sentry">{{Cite web|url=https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/details.html#?des=101955|title=Sentry: Earth Impact Monitoring|website=cneos.jpl.nasa.gov}}</ref> |
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==23rd century== |
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* 2206: For the first time since [[1935]], Earth will experience the maximum number of five [[solar eclipse]]s in one year. |
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* 2227–2247: [[Pluto]] will be closer to the [[Sun]] than [[Neptune]] for the first time since [[1999]]. |
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* 2240: On September 16, the [[Hebrew calendar]] will reach the [[year 6000]], signaling the latest possible arrival of the [[Messiah in Judaism|Messiah]]. |
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* 2265: Return of the [[C/1861 J1|Great Comet of 1861]]. |
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* 2285: On March 22, Easter will [[Date of Easter|occur on its earliest possible date]] for the first time since [[1818]]. |
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==24th century== |
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{{Redirect|2312|the novel|2312 (novel){{!}}''2312'' (novel)}} |
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{{Redirect|2359|the film|23:59 (film){{!}}''23:59'' (film)}} |
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{{About||minor planets numbered 2301–2400|List of minor planets: 2001–3000#301|the similarly numbered century BC |24th century BC|noteworthy numbers in the range 2301–2400|2000 (number)}} |
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* 2333: It is projected that the [[Dounreay]] nuclear site will be safe to use for other purposes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dounreay site available for reuse in the year 2333 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-53848766 |access-date=19 January 2022 |work=BBC News |date=20 August 2020}}</ref> |
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* 2353: The [[date of Easter]] as conventionally calculated will be five [[week]]s earlier than its hypothetical date according to astronomical principles, in a "[[negative equinoctial paradox]]". Along with 2372, this will be one of only two such occurrences between 2020 and 4000.<ref name="Zeyer Easter 2353 and 2372">{{Cite journal|last=Zeyer|first=Klaus Peter|date=2020|title=Häufigkeit von Osterparadoxien: Negative Äquinoktialparadoxien der Jahre 2353 und 2372 als seltenste Variante|journal=Regiomontanusbote|volume=33|pages=5–10}}</ref> |
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* 2372: The date of Easter will see another "negative equinoctial paradox", this time four weeks earlier than its hypothetical date. This will be the last such occurrence before the year 4000.<ref name="Zeyer Easter 2353 and 2372"/> |
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* 2386: If not repealed or otherwise voided, the [[Treaty of Windsor (1386)]] between England and Portugal, currently the oldest military alliance still in effect, will have stood for one thousand years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Treaty-Of-Windsor-1386|title=Treaty of Windsor 1386 - Historic UK|website=www.historic-uk.com/}}</ref> |
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* 2391: [[Palm Sunday]] and [[Saint Patrick's Day]] will coincide for the first time since 1940; the "wearing of the shamrock and the palm together" was seen as presaging a great event in [[Ireland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/ACalend/PalmSunday.html|title=Palm Sunday in old Ireland - World Cultures European|website=www.irishcultureandcustoms.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefadingyear.wordpress.com/2021/03/28/irish-folklore-for-palm-sunday-domhnach-an-iuir/|title=Irish Folklore for Palm Sunday – Domhnach an Iúir|first=the Fading|last=Year|date=28 March 2021}}</ref> |
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* 2400: The first [[century leap year]] since 2000. |
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==25th century== |
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* 2425: If not repealed or overridden, the annual funding increase of $325 per student to [[Wisconsin]] public schools, which began in 2023, will end.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tony Evers uses veto powers to extend annual increases for public schools for the next four centuries |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/2023/07/05/tony-evers-extends-increases-for-public-schools-in-perpetuity/70381898007/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Journal Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* 2439 (estimated): The "[[Across the Universe (message)|Across the Universe]]" message broadcast by NASA in 2008 will reach [[Polaris]].<ref>{{cite news |title=NASA beaming Beatles tune to the stars |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22951001 |access-date=22 January 2022 |work=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> |
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==26th century== |
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* {{Circa|2500}}: Climate projections predict a barren landscape for the [[Amazon rainforest]] amid low water levels due to vegetation decline.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lyon |first=Christopher |date=September 2021 |title=Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100 |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=349–361 |doi=10.1111/gcb.15871 |pmid=34558764 |s2cid=230588117 |issn=1354-1013|doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/521222 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dunhill |first1=Alex |last2=Beckerman |first2=Andrew P. |last3=Burke |first3=Ariane |last4=Allen |first4=Bethany |last5=Smith |first5=Chris |last6=Lyon |first6=Christopher |last7=Hill |first7=Daniel J. |last8=Saupe |first8=Erin |last9=McKay |first9=James |title=Our climate projections for 2500 show an Earth that is alien to humans |url=http://theconversation.com/our-climate-projections-for-2500-show-an-earth-that-is-alien-to-humans-167744 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=The Conversation |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* 2531: |
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** Professor Hiroshi Yoshida of [[Tohoku University]] conducted a study in 2024 which suggests every Japanese person will have the [[surname]] "Sato-san" unless a law regulating couples to a single surname is not changed before this time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://think-name.jp/assets/pdf/Sato_estimation_yoshida_hiroshi.pdf|title=日本における佐藤姓増加に関する推計方法と結果について|publisher=Hiroshi Yoshida|language=ja|access-date=April 3, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/02/japan-sato-only-name-by-2531-marriage-law|title=Everyone in Japan will be called Sato by 2531 unless marriage law changed, says professor|first=Justin|last=McCurry|newspaper=The Guardian|date=April 2, 2024|access-date=April 3, 2024}}</ref> |
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==27th century== |
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* 2640: On 5 September, the 639-year-long performance of [[John Cage]]'s organ work ''[[As Slow as Possible]]'' (begun in 2001) is scheduled to finish at the St. Burchardi Church in [[Halberstadt]], Germany.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7490776.stm |title='World's longest concert' resumes |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=5 July 2008 |access-date=23 February 2021 |author=Steve Rosenberg}}</ref> |
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== 28th century == |
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* Earth will experience 241 lunar eclipses.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/LE2701-2800.html | title=Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: 2701 to 2800 }}</ref> |
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* 2800: The second [[century leap year]] in the 3rd millennium, in accordance with the [[Gregorian calendar]]. The [[Revised Julian Calendar]], however, observes a leap year in 2900 instead; those Orthodox Churches (e.g. Greek) using the Revised Julian Calendar to calculate fixed-date feasts will, if no changes are made to the calendar before then, celebrate fixed-date feasts a day earlier than Catholic and Protestant churches from March 2800 until February 2900. For example, through this century, such Orthodox Churches will be celebrating [[Christmas Day]] while simultaneously Catholic and Protestant churches are marking [[Christmas Eve]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.goarch.org/-/changing-times-changing-dates |title= Changing Times, Changing Dates - Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America |publisher= Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America |access-date= 13 July 2024}}</ref> |
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==29th century== |
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{{redirect|2894|the novel|2894 (novel){{!}}''2894'' (novel)}} |
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* 2847: The [[St. Michael's Catholic Cemetery]] (Happy Valley) in Hong Kong lease on Wan Chai's Saint Fulan gentleman street will end after a [[999-year leases in Hong Kong|999-year lease]], assuming no legal status changes before that date.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Establishing the themed heritage trail -- The Happy Valley Heritage Trail: Seng Lou Beng Sei in Happy Valley |url=http://lbms03.cityu.edu.hk/oaps/ctl2012-4514-lcy965.pdf}}</ref> |
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* 2883: On 4 January, the CPR ([[Canadian Pacific Railway]]) lease on the O&Q ([[Ontario and Quebec Railway|Ontario and Quebec]]) will end, after a [[999-year lease]].<ref>''An Act to confirm the lease of the Ontario and Quebec Railway to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, and for other purposes'', S.C. 1884, c. 54, confirming the {{cite book |date=January 1884 |title=Indenture of lease: The Ontario & Quebec Railway Company to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company |isbn=978-0-665-11448-9 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cihm_11448#page/n7/mode/2up}}</ref> |
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==30th century== |
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{{redirect|3000 A.D.|the film|Captive Women{{!}}''Captive Women''|the Busted song|Year 3000}} |
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* 2999: |
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** The ''[[Longplayer]]'' composition is set to finish on 31 December 2999, marking the end of the thousand-year piece of music, which began on 1 January 2000. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Timelines of the future]] |
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* [[Anthropocene]] |
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* [[Foresight (psychology)]] |
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* [[Outline of futures studies]] |
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* [[Technology forecasting]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{notelist}} |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Millennia}} |
{{Millennia}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:3rd millennium| ]] |
[[Category:3rd millennium| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Millennia]] |
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[[Category:Millennia|003]] |
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[[Category:Years in the future]] |
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[[Category:Future timelines]] |
Latest revision as of 14:35, 20 November 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2021) |
Millennia: | |
---|---|
Centuries: |
|
In contemporary history, the third millennium is the current millennium in the Anno Domini or Common Era, under the Gregorian calendar. It began on 1 January 2001 (MMI) and will end on 31 December 3000 (MMM), spanning the 21st to 30th centuries.
Ongoing futures studies seek to understand what will likely continue and what could plausibly change in this period and beyond.
Predictions and forecasts not included on this timeline
- Climate change
- Extinction
- List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
- List of future astronomical events
- List of time capsules
- Near future centennial (bi, tri, etc.) events.[a]
- Near future in fiction
- Predictions and claims for the Second Coming
- Projections of population growth
- Works falling into the public domain in the United States
21st century
2000s
2010s
2020s
2030s
2040s
- Rare alignment of the five naked-eye planets cluster within 7° of longitude, September 12, 2040.[1][2]
- 2040: End year of the Baku City Master Plan implementation.[3]
- 2041:
- The Antarctic treaty is scheduled to come under review.[4][5]
- 2042:
- 17 September: a common computing representation of date and time on IBM mainframe systems will overflow with potential results similar to the year 2000 problem.
- 2047: On 1 July, the present "one country, two systems" arrangement in Hong Kong is scheduled to end, as it was guaranteed for 50 years starting from July 1, 1997, provided under the Hong Kong Basic Law. The agreement was raised by Deng Xiaoping to deal with Hong Kong's reunification with the People's Republic of China in 1997, and stipulated in the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984. What will be done is not stated in any document.[6]
- 2048: On 14 January, the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is scheduled to come up for review.[7][6]
- 2049: On 20 December, the present "one country, two systems" arrangement with Macau, guaranteed for 50 years starting from 20 December 1999, provided under the Basic Law and the Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau, will expire.[8]
- 2049: The diary of Robert Shields will receive an exact word count.[9]
2050s
- 2050:
- The United Kingdom aims to reach net-zero carbon emissions in accordance with the Climate Change Act 2008.[10]
- Three-North Shelter Forest Program is expected to be completed.[11]
- The case files surrounding the 1943 death of the former lieutenant general of the Polish Army and first Prime Minister of the Polish government in exile, Władysław Sikorski, is expected to be declassified this year by the British government.[12] Due to tensions between the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and Nazi Germany, the circumstances of his death has led to disputes over whether the crash was deliberate or not. The official conclusion by the British government is that the crash was accidental. However, the Polish government refused to endorse this report on the basis of a lack of conclusive findings and contradictions within the British evidence.[13] In 2008 an investigation was opened by the Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation of the Institute of National Remembrance, and concluded in 2013 that there is not enough evidence to prove or disprove the sabotage theory.[14]
- 2051:
- April: One of the METI messages Cosmic Call 1 sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar in 1999 arrives at its destination, Gliese 777 star.
- 2054:
- Hawksbill Creek Agreement granting tax exemptions and special economic status for Freeport, Bahamas, is set to expire.
2060s
- 2060:
- The Chinese government aims for China to be carbon neutral.[15]
- Russia aims to be carbon neutral.[16]
- 2061:
- 28 July: Halley's Comet will enter the inner solar system and is expected to be visible from Earth again after its last perihelion in 1986.
- 31 December: Expiration of the Singapore-Malaysia Water Agreement.
- All 6 reactors from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant are planned to be decommissioned by this time. (30 to 40 years from 2021)[17] However, according to a 2023 report by Voice of America, some experts have said "it would be impossible to remove all the melted fuel debris by 2051 and would take 50-100 years, if achieved at all."[18]
- 2065:
- The process of cleanup and decommissioning the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, following the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, is projected to be finished.[19]
2070s
- 2070: According to an announcement made by Indian prime minister Narendra Modi in 2021, India will be carbon neutral.[20]
- 2076- 300th anniversary of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence
- 2079: For computer software using unsigned 16-bit binary day counts and an epoch of 1 January 1900, the counts will overflow after 65,536 (216) days, which will occur on 6 June 2079.
2080s
- 2084: The next transit of Earth from Mars will happen.
- 2085: The "secret" letter of Queen Elizabeth II will be opened in Sydney, Australia.[21]
- 2088: The University of Bologna, the world's oldest university in continuous operation, will turn 1,000 years old.[22]
2090s
- 2090: The September 11th Victim Compensation Fund is set to expire.[23]
- 2092:
- Work on cleaning up the site of the Oldbury Nuclear Power Station[b] is scheduled to be complete in 2092 (early estimate).[24]
- 2094:
- 7 April: Mercury transits Jupiter, this is the only known such event of the decade.[25]
- 2096:
- Ash Wednesday will occur on February 29 (leap day) for the first time since the start of the Gregorian calendar in 1582.[26]
- 2099:
- The 99-year lease for Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, New York City is set to expire.[27]
- Ontario regains control of the Ontario Highway 407 when its 99-year lease expires.[28]
- 2099 is the maximum year that can be set on computers with BIOS firmware, as well as Microsoft's Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 8.1 operating systems, and Sony's PlayStation 2 and the Nintendo DS gaming platforms.
2100s
- 2100:
- Silverstein Properties' 99-year lease on the World Trade Center expires.[29]
22nd century
2100s
- 2103: Per an agreement between the National Archives and Caroline Kennedy, the jacket Jackie Kennedy wore on the day John F. Kennedy was assassinated cannot be displayed in public until this year.[30]
- FAT file systems theoretically support dates up to 31 December 2107 (though officially only up to 31 December 2099). See Year 2108 problem.
2110s
- The Chernobyl New Safe Confinement reaches end of designed lifetime in the 2110s.
- 2111: The will of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is scheduled to become public knowledge.[31]
- 2112:
- The will of Queen Elizabeth II is scheduled to become public knowledge.[32]
- 2115:
- The first book from the Future Library project will be published, 100 years after being submitted by author Margaret Atwood.[33]
- The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) initiated by Stanford University will be concluded.[34][35][36]
- 100 Years, a film by Robert Rodriguez and John Malkovich, will be released 100 years after its development.[37]
- 2116: China Merchants Port's 99-year lease on Hambantota International Port in Sri Lanka is set to expire.[38]
- 2117: In relation to the 2115 release of the 100 Years short film, A song titled "100 Years", composed by Pharrell Williams, will be released to the public. The song was performed by Williams at a private party in Shanghai, China, in 2017. The song is said to have addressed global warming.[39]
2140s
2150s
2160s
2170s
- 2178: On 23 March, Pluto will have completed its first full orbit since its discovery in 1930.
2180s
- 2182: On 24 September, asteroid 101955 Bennu has a 1-in-2,700 chance of impacting Earth.[42]
23rd century
- 2206: For the first time since 1935, Earth will experience the maximum number of five solar eclipses in one year.
- 2227–2247: Pluto will be closer to the Sun than Neptune for the first time since 1999.
- 2240: On September 16, the Hebrew calendar will reach the year 6000, signaling the latest possible arrival of the Messiah.
- 2265: Return of the Great Comet of 1861.
- 2285: On March 22, Easter will occur on its earliest possible date for the first time since 1818.
24th century
- 2333: It is projected that the Dounreay nuclear site will be safe to use for other purposes.[43]
- 2353: The date of Easter as conventionally calculated will be five weeks earlier than its hypothetical date according to astronomical principles, in a "negative equinoctial paradox". Along with 2372, this will be one of only two such occurrences between 2020 and 4000.[44]
- 2372: The date of Easter will see another "negative equinoctial paradox", this time four weeks earlier than its hypothetical date. This will be the last such occurrence before the year 4000.[44]
- 2386: If not repealed or otherwise voided, the Treaty of Windsor (1386) between England and Portugal, currently the oldest military alliance still in effect, will have stood for one thousand years.[45]
- 2391: Palm Sunday and Saint Patrick's Day will coincide for the first time since 1940; the "wearing of the shamrock and the palm together" was seen as presaging a great event in Ireland.[46][47]
- 2400: The first century leap year since 2000.
25th century
- 2425: If not repealed or overridden, the annual funding increase of $325 per student to Wisconsin public schools, which began in 2023, will end.[48]
- 2439 (estimated): The "Across the Universe" message broadcast by NASA in 2008 will reach Polaris.[49]
26th century
- c. 2500: Climate projections predict a barren landscape for the Amazon rainforest amid low water levels due to vegetation decline.[50][51]
- 2531:
- Professor Hiroshi Yoshida of Tohoku University conducted a study in 2024 which suggests every Japanese person will have the surname "Sato-san" unless a law regulating couples to a single surname is not changed before this time.[52][53]
27th century
- 2640: On 5 September, the 639-year-long performance of John Cage's organ work As Slow as Possible (begun in 2001) is scheduled to finish at the St. Burchardi Church in Halberstadt, Germany.[54]
28th century
- Earth will experience 241 lunar eclipses.[55]
- 2800: The second century leap year in the 3rd millennium, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Revised Julian Calendar, however, observes a leap year in 2900 instead; those Orthodox Churches (e.g. Greek) using the Revised Julian Calendar to calculate fixed-date feasts will, if no changes are made to the calendar before then, celebrate fixed-date feasts a day earlier than Catholic and Protestant churches from March 2800 until February 2900. For example, through this century, such Orthodox Churches will be celebrating Christmas Day while simultaneously Catholic and Protestant churches are marking Christmas Eve.[56]
29th century
- 2847: The St. Michael's Catholic Cemetery (Happy Valley) in Hong Kong lease on Wan Chai's Saint Fulan gentleman street will end after a 999-year lease, assuming no legal status changes before that date.[57]
- 2883: On 4 January, the CPR (Canadian Pacific Railway) lease on the O&Q (Ontario and Quebec) will end, after a 999-year lease.[58]
30th century
- 2999:
- The Longplayer composition is set to finish on 31 December 2999, marking the end of the thousand-year piece of music, which began on 1 January 2000.
See also
- Timelines of the future
- Anthropocene
- Foresight (psychology)
- Outline of futures studies
- Technology forecasting
Notes
- ^ These go against Wikipedia's WP:NPOV policy under WP:BIAS.
- ^ The Oldbury Nuclear Power Station is located in South Gloucestershire, England.
References
- ^ September 12, 2040 in "Ephemerides for Year 2040".
- ^ Christie, Ian (14 June 2023). "Will there ever be a time when all our solar system's planets align?". New Scientist.
- ^ "Baku City General Plan 2040". State Committee on Urban Planning and Architecture of Azerbaijan. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ Jagadish Khadilkar (2017). Antarctica: The Frozen Continent's Environment, Changing Logistics and Relevance to India. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9789386643001.
- ^ "13 Indians take the harshest route in the world to save Antarctica". economictimes.indiatimes.com. 16 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Transcript of Deng Xiaoping's dialogue with Margaret Thatcher". Archived from the original on 15 April 2005. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ Brady, Anne-Marie (2017). China as a Polar Great Power. Cambridge University Press. p. 225. ISBN 9781316844670.
- ^ Leadbeater, Chris (13 April 2017). "10 fascinating facts about Europe's last colony in Asia – and the most crowded place on Earth". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
- ^ Martin, Douglas (29 October 2007). "Robert Shields, Wordy Diarist, Dies at 89". New York Times.
- ^ "UK net zero target". Institute for Government. 20 April 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ "State Forestry Administration, P.R.China". State Forestry Administration, P.R.China (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- ^ Roszak, Stanisław; Kłaczkow, Jarosław (2015). Poznać przeszłość: Wiek XX: Podręcznik do historii dla szkół ponadgimnazjalnych. Zakres podstawowy (in Polish). Warsaw: Nowa Era. ISBN 9788326724022.
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