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{{short description|Electromechanical display device}}
{{mergefrom |Flight information display system| discuss=Talk:Split-flap display#Merger Discussion| date=November 2015 }}
[[File:Praha-Smíchov, tabule odjezdů.ogv|thumb|The Signaltron main departure board at [[Praha-Smíchov]] station, Czech Republic (2012), manufactured by Pragotron]]
[[File:Analog clock with digital display.png|thumb|Schematic of a split-flap display in a digital clock display]]
[[File:Split-flap display 2016-01-17.gif|thumb|An animation of how a split-flap display works]]
[[File:Gare du Nord Fallblattanzeiger Departure-board.JPG|thumb|Flap departure board at [[Gare du Nord]], Paris (2007)]]
[[File:Fallblattanzeigetafel ausschnitt ffm hbf.jpg|thumb|Section of a split-flap display board at [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof]] (2005)]]
[[File:Split-flap display.jpg|thumb|Enlarged inner workings of a [[flip clock|split-flap clock]]]]


A '''split-flap display''', or sometimes simply a '''flap display''', is a digital [[electromechanics|electromechanical]] [[display device]] that presents changeable [[alphanumeric]] [[Character (computing)|text]], and occasionally fixed [[graphics]].
{{refimprove|date=March 2014}}
They were{{when|date=December 2024}} commonly used as [[public transport timetable]]s in [[airport]]s and [[railway station]]s.
[[Image:An- und Abfahrtstafel-Hannover Hbf.jpg|thumb|400px|Flap display as departure board in [[Hannover railway station]], Germany]]
[[File:A flap display in Taipei Station.JPG|thumb|A flap display in [[Taipei Railway Station]], Taiwan]]
[[Image:Fallblattanzeigetafel ausschnitt ffm hbf.jpg|thumb|Section of a split-flap display board at [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof]] (taken April 2005).]]
[[Image:Analog clock with digital display.png|thumb|Schematic of a split-flap display in a digital clock display]]
[[Image:Gare du Nord Fallblattanzeiger Departure-board.JPG|thumb|Flap departure board at [[Gare du Nord]] (Paris)]]
[[Image:Split-flap display.jpg|thumb|Enlarged inner workings of a [[flip clock|split-flap clock]]]]
[[File:Praha-Smíchov, tabule odjezdů.ogv|thumb|The main departure board "Signaltron" produced by "Pragotron", at the vestibule of [[Praha-Smíchov]] station, Czech Republic]]
[[File:Tatra KT8D5, čelní orientace, Vápenka (01).jpg|thumbnail|Split-flap display with the name of the end station on the tram [[Tatra KT8D5]] in [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]]]]


They were often called '''Solari boards''' after the Italian display manufacturer [[Solari di Udine]], or, in Central European countries, '''Pragotron''' after the Czech manufacturer.
A '''split-flap display''', or sometimes simply '''flap display''', is an [[electromechanics|electromechanical]] [[display device]] that presents changeable [[alphanumeric]] [[Character (computing)|text]], and occasionally fixed [[graphics]].


Split-flap displays were once commonly used in consumer digital clocks known as [[flip clock]]s.
Often used as a [[public transport timetable]] in [[airport]]s or [[railway station]]s, as such they are often called '''Solari boards''' after display manufacturer Solari di Udine, of [[Udine]], [[Italy]], or in Central European countries they are called '''Pragotron''' after the Czech manufacturer.

Split-flap displays were once commonly used at consumer scale in devices known as '''[[flip clock]]s'''.


==Description==
==Description==
Each character position or graphic position has a collection of flaps on which the [[character (computing)|characters]] or graphics are [[paint]]ed or [[silkscreen]]ed. These flaps are precisely rotated to show the desired character or graphic. These displays are often found in [[train station|railway stations]] and [[airport]]s, where they serve as [[flight information display system]] and typically display departure or arrival information, although digital equivalents are far more common now.
Each character position or graphic position has a collection of flaps on which the [[character (computing)|characters]] or graphics are [[paint]]ed or [[silkscreen]]ed. These flaps are precisely rotated to show the desired character or graphic. These displays are often found in [[train station|railway stations]] and [[airport]]s, where they serve as [[flight information display system]] and typically display departure or arrival information.


Sometimes the flaps are large and display whole words, and in other installations there are several smaller flaps, each displaying a single character. The former method is limited to the words it can display on the flaps, while the latter system is not, and output messages can be changed without the need for the addition or replacement of flaps, although images cannot. In the example image on the right, the destinations in the centre of the picture are split into characters, while the messages left and right of these occupy one flap each.
Sometimes the flaps are large and display whole words, and in other installations there are several smaller flaps, each displaying a single character.


[[Flip-dot display]]s and [[LED display]] boards may be used instead of split-flap displays in most applications. Their output can be changed by reprogramming instead of replacement of physical parts but they suffer from lower readability. They also can refresh more quickly, as a split-flap display often must cycle through many states.
During a power loss or disruption the display will freeze. At first this may be an advantage because the information is still correct. When the information becomes outdated it might be worse than no information.

[[Flip-dot display]]s and [[LED display]] boards may be used instead of split-flap displays in most applications. Their output can be varied more easily (by reprogramming instead of replacement of physical parts in the case of graphics) but they suffer from lower readability. They also can refresh more quickly, as a split-flap display often must cycle through many states.


Advantages to these displays include:
Advantages to these displays include:
Line 30: Line 25:
* little or no [[electric power|power]] consumption while the display remains static
* little or no [[electric power|power]] consumption while the display remains static
* Distinct metallic flapping sound draws attention when the information is updated.
* Distinct metallic flapping sound draws attention when the information is updated.
*: The [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]] has designed the new LED replacements for its aging Solari boards at [[North Station]] and [[South Station]] to emit an electronically generated flapping noise to cue passengers to train boarding updates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2006/04/06/nostalgia_for_noise_at_south_station/ |title=Nostalgia for noise at South Station - The Boston Globe |publisher=Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC |work=Boston.com |author=Mac Daniel |date=2006-04-06 |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref>


The [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]] has designed the new LED replacements for its aging Solari boards at [[North Station]] and [[South Station]] to emit an electronically generated flapping noise to cue passengers to train boarding updates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2006/04/06/nostalgia_for_noise_at_south_station/ |title=Nostalgia for noise at South Station |publisher=The Boston Globe |author=Mac Daniel |date=2006-04-06 |access-date=2022-05-31}}</ref>
Many [[game shows]] of the 1970s used this type of display for the contestant podium scoreboards. Usually, the flip was left-to-right on a vertical axis, although up/down on a horizontal axis was not completely unknown. Early seasons of the [[game show]] ''[[Family Feud]]'' used a split flap display as part of the game board (subsequent seasons used more modern digital displays, and eventually simply used a large digital [[flat screen]] monitor). The game board on the [[Nickelodeon (TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] game show ''[[Make the Grade]]'' was a 7x7 split-flap display, used to display subjects and wild cards, as well as tracking contestants' progress. The television game show ''[[Chain Reaction (game show)|Chain Reaction]]'' on [[Game Show Network|GSN]] features computer-simulated split-flap displays to display the various words in a chain.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}


Many [[game shows]] of the 1970s used this type of display for the contestant podium scoreboards. Usually, the flip was left-to-right on a vertical axis, although up/down on a horizontal axis was not completely unknown. Early seasons of the [[game show]] ''[[Family Feud]]'' used a split flap display as part of the game board (subsequent seasons used more modern digital displays, and eventually simply used a large digital [[flat screen]] monitor). The game board on the [[Nickelodeon]] game show ''[[Make the Grade]]'' was a 7x7 split-flap display, used to display subjects and wild cards, as well as tracking contestants' progress. The television game show ''[[Chain Reaction (game show)|Chain Reaction]]'' on [[Game Show Network]] features computer-simulated split-flap displays to display the various words in a chain.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}
In Italy, split-flap displays have also been occasionally used as [[destination sign]]s for transit vehicles, there was also a brief vogue for them in the United Kingdom in the mid 1980s.<ref name="A picture of an Eastern National Leyland ECW Olympian with a split-flap destination display">{{cite web|title=Eastern National Olympian Coach|url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/adogriff/4477590912/}}</ref>


In Italy, split-flap displays have also been occasionally used as [[destination sign]]s for transit vehicles; there was also a brief vogue for them in the United Kingdom in the mid 1980s.<ref name="A picture of an Eastern National Leyland ECW Olympian with a split-flap destination display">{{cite web|title=Eastern National Olympian Coach|date=7 September 1986 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/adogriff/4477590912/}}</ref>
==Operational boards in transport terminals==
{{expand list|date=March 2014}}
The boards are currently in use at the following stations:

===Australia===
* [[Melbourne Airport]] (Melbourne Tullamarine Airport, [[IATA Code]] MEL). Located in T2 at the Qantas First Lounge (international terminal).
* [[Sydney Airport]] ([[IATA Code]] SYD). Located in the Qantas First Lounge.

===Belgium===
* [[Brussels Airport]] Located in the departure hall.

===France===
Most of the major railway stations in [[France]] still have one or several split-flap displays, including Paris [[Gare du Nord]] and [[Gare de Montparnasse]], as well as [[gare de Strasbourg|Strasbourg]], [[gare de Nantes|Nantes]] and [[gare de Toulouse Matabiau|Toulouse-Matabiau]] stations.

===Germany===
[[Image:Flughafen Frankfurt am Main - Gate A - Check-In 0212.jpg|thumb|250px|Frankfurt am Main, gate A check-in area.]]
* [[Frankfurt Airport]] (Flughafen Frankfurt am Main, [[IATA Code]] FRA) has Solari boards throughout the airport, still in use {{as of|2012|3|lc=y}}. Each row ends with a pair of green and red lights which flash to indicate that flight is boarding. They indicate each flight's destination, its flight number and carrier, and its departure gate and time.

===India===
* [[Kolkata Airport]]. Boards near domestic and international departure entrance.
* [[Chennai Airport]] - Boards both inside and outside the terminals.

===Italy===
*[[Roma Termini railway station|Roma Termini]]. Boards located after the ticketing area above the track entrances. In addition, most [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana|RFI]] stations had split-flap display boards, now substituted by [[LED display]]s.
*[[Milan Malpensa Airport]]. Board located in the check in area.

===Philippines===
* [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]] (Manila International Airport). Terminal's biggest timetable. In Terminal 1 Departures level. Over check-in desks and lobby.

===Romania===
* [[Henri Coandă International Airport|Otopeni Airport]] (Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport) has Solari boards in the international departure area, including a pair of red lights on each row which flash to indicate an important message such as "now boarding".

===Serbia===
* [[Belgrade Airport]] (Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, [[IATA Code]] BEG) has Solari boards on both levels of the departure area, still in use as of June 2013. Each row ends with a pair of red lights which flash to indicate that the flight is boarding or there is some other change in status. They indicate which destination a flight is to, its flight number and carrier, and its departure gate and time.

===Singapore===
* [[Singapore Changi Airport]] (Singapore Changi Airport, [[IATA Code]] SIN). Terminal 2 (Departures).

===Sri Lanka===
*[[Bandaranaike International Airport]] (Bandaranaike International Airport, also known as Katunayake International Airport and Colombo International Airport, [[IATA Code]] CMB). Terminal 1.

===Switzerland===
*Most major railway stations in [[Switzerland]] still have split-flap displays in operation. While displays on platforms are gradually replaced by [[Liquid-crystal display]]s, the big general departure boards in the concourses of most major stations remain split-flap due to better readability in comparison with digital displays. In recent years, some stations even got newly equipped with split-flap displays or received a new model replacing a dated one. The main split-flap departure board on the concourse of [[Zürich HB]] was decommissioned and removed on October 18th 2015, to be replaced with a new and larger LED display.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/zuerich/stadt/die-grosse-leere-im-hauptbahnhof/story/25687168 |title=Sie ist weg |author=Ruedi Baumann |date=2015-10-19 |accessdate=2015-10-19}}</ref>

===Taiwan===
*[[Taipei Railway Station]] originally planned to remove both of its split-flap displays during a renovation in 2011. However, only one board was removed in answer to the call for preservation by local railfans. As of 2015, both spit-flap and LED displays are available in the station and remain fully functional.

===United States===
*[[Atlantic City Rail Terminal]]. Located in waiting area.
*[[Jacksonville International Airport]] in Florida. It is on the second floor, in between the two check-in desks.
*Philadelphia’s [[30th Street Station]], lower level only. Mounted above centrally located information desk. Small flip boards located at the head of each track stairway. Upper level ([[SEPTA Regional Rail]]) uses monitors.
*[[Providence Station]]. Located in waiting area<ref>http://www.beloblog.com/ProJo_Blogs/newsblog/archives/amtrak.jpg{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref>
*[[Route 128 (MBTA station)|Route 128 Amtrak Station]] in [[Westwood, Massachusetts]]. Located in waiting area.
*[[San Francisco Ferry Building]]. Located in the Great Nave, and a new installation (2013) rather than a “hold-out” from the pre-digital era.
*[[Secaucus Junction]] in [[Secaucus, New Jersey]]. In the Upper Level Concourse.
*[[Trenton Rail Station (New Jersey)|Trenton Rail Station]]. Two side-by-side low profile boards in over-track concourse. Served by all trains except [[River Line (New Jersey Transit)|River Line Light Rail]].

==Boards no longer in operation==
[[Image:LiverpoolStreetStation(ChristineMatthews)May2003.jpg|thumb|Solari Board at London Liverpool Street (now removed).]]
Stations previously equipped with these boards included, amongst others:

===Cyprus===
*[[Larnaca International Airport]]'s old terminal contains these boards at both arrivals and departure gates. These boards remain in situ after the closure of the terminal in 2009.

===Hong Kong===
*[[Kai Tak International Airport]] used split-flap display in the departure area until its closure in 1998.

===Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia===

*[[Skopje]], Solari board above ticket office, displaying a range of destinations in Cyrillic, including former Yugoslavian destinations, such as Kosovo Polje (Косово поле) and Titov Veles (Титов Велес) as well as Western European destinations such as Dortmund (Дортмунд) and Paris Lyon (парис лион). This was out of use as of 2013, and as of August 2015, had been dismantled and dumped by the ticket office. The smaller Solari boards on the platforms are, as of August 2015, in situ, but out of use.

===United Kingdom===
* [[London Charing Cross]], split into two sections with promotional images on destination blinds and up to two calling points per blind, operator shown below calling points, however as of 18 July 2007 these have now been dismantled and taken away replaced by the new LED boards like those used at Waterloo and Victoria.
* [[London Liverpool Street]], taken out of service September 2007. A live [[webcam]] used to broadcast frequently updated images of this board, but is now replaced by a cessation announcement.<ref>http://www.vicinitee.com/liverpoolstreetlive/index.cfm{{dead link|date=April 2014}}</ref> The board, pictured, was blue coloured, with one destination per blind, operator above calling points, and could show a range of special messages, including "[[Boat train|Boat Train]]", "Special Service", "International", "[[Stansted Express]]" and "This train has been replaced by a substitute road service".
* [[London Victoria]], replaced November 2004
* [[London King's Cross]], replaced in the early 2000s
* [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh Waverley]], replaced by an LED departure board
* [[Glasgow Queen Street railway station|Glasgow Queen Street]]
* [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow Central]]
* [[Birmingham New Street]], replaced by LCD screens. The large clock from the board survived above the gateline, with the remaining panels replaced by advertising until the station extension was opened in 2012.
*[[Manchester Piccadilly]], replaced by LCD screen in 2001, as part of the station redevelopment.
* [[Brighton railway station]], replaced by an LED display. A substantial part of the board has been preserved by the Network SouthEast Railway Society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.networksoutheast.net/brighton-solari-board.html|accessdate=2013-11-04|title=BRIGHTON 'SOLARI' TRAIN INDICATOR BOARD SAVED BY NSERS|author=Network SouthEast Railway Society}}</ref>
* [[Reading railway station]]
* [[London Waterloo]], replaced by LCD units in the early 2000s, still there out of use until December 2006, when it was taken down to make way for an LED departure board that became operational in March 2007.
* [[London Paddington]],was situated across the platforms and used to carry advertisements on the back, facing arriving passengers.
* [[Watford Junction]], black coloured, full flip columns for [[Silverlink|Silverlink County]] services to [[Northampton]], [[Southern (train operating company)|Southern]] services to [[Gatwick Airport]], and [[Virgin Trains]] and [[First ScotRail]] services to North [[Wales]], the North-West and Midlands of [[England]] and various destinations in [[Scotland]]. However, for [[Silverlink|Silverlink Metro]] services to London Euston and Silverlink County services to [[St Albans Abbey]] the calling points are fixed and only the time of the next train is changeable, because all trains call at the same stations.

===United States===
* [[New York City]]'s [[Grand Central Terminal]], replaced by LCD units made by Solari di Udine during reconstruction of the terminal. It was one of the most famous of the Solari departure boards in the world.
* [[New York City]]'s [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]] also featured these boards in both the [[Amtrak]] portion and the [[Long Island Rail Road]] (LIRR) portion. The board in the Amtrak portion, which showed departure information, was replaced in 2000 by an LCD board. The boards in the LIRR portion featured departing trains as well as boards at the head of each stairway to platforms for tracks 13 through 21, which displayed the stops and connections associated with the posted train. These were replaced over a period of several weeks between February and April 2006. The new signs, also made by Solari di Udine, use a combination of LCD and LED technology.
* [[New York City|New York]]'s [[Museum of Modern Art]] has a Solari [[flap display board]] in its permanent collection, on display in the design wing. The board itself works, and displays the original flight departure data for museum visitors (though reset to EST). The board was originally used in Milan's Malpensa Airport.<ref name=moma>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Robert A.|title=MoMA's New Home, for Better and Worse|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/26/arts/design/26smit.html?pagewanted=print&position=|work=New York Times|accessdate=30 April 2014}}</ref>
*[[New Carrollton (Washington Metro)|New Carrollton Amtrak Station]]. (Removed in January 2010.)
*[[Baltimore Penn Station]]. (replaced by LED board January 2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2010-03-22/features/bal-md.cm.sign22mar22_1_penn-station-clack-digital-age |title=Amtrak &#124; At Penn Station, the sign no longer goes clackety-clack |author=Michael Dresser|publisher=Baltimore Sun |work=baltimoresun.com |date=2010-03-22 |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref>
*[[Dulles International Airport]] had a split-flap display from airport opening in 1962 until circa 1991, when the main terminal was expanded.
*[[Union Station (New Haven)|New Haven Union Station]]. Above stairway to platform concourse. Combined [[Metro-North]] and Amtrak. Replaced on October 19th, 2014, and donated to Danbury Railroad Museum.
*[[Pennsylvania Station (Newark)|Newark Penn Station]]. In waiting area located above entrance to track concourse. The board was taken out of service around 10/3/2014 and is to be replaced by an electronic board; it was removed on 3/30/2015.

===Spain===
* [[Barcelona Sants]] train station.
* [[Madrid Chamartin railway station]]

===Switzerland===
* [[Aarau railway station|Aarau]]<ref>http://www.sbb.ch/en/group/the-company/projects/upgrading-the-rail-network/national-projects/modernisierung-generalanzeiger.html</ref>
* [[Bern railway station|Bern]]
* [[Biel/Bienne railway station|Biel]]
* [[Brig railway station|Brig]] (SBB display inside the main hall)
* [[Chur railway station|Chur]]
* [[Fribourg railway station|Fribourg]]
* [[Genève-Cornavin railway station|Genève-Cornavin]]
* [[Geneva Airport railway station|Genève-Aéroport]]
* [[Lausanne railway station|Lausanne]]
* [[Lucerne railway station|Luzern]]
* [[Neuchâtel railway station|Neuchâtel]]
* [[Olten railway station|Olten]]
* [[Winterthur Hauptbahnhof|Winterthur]]
* [[Zürich HB]]

===The Netherlands===
*Amsterdam Centraal
*Den Haag Centraal
*Utrecht Centraal
*Rotterdam Centraal
*Maastricht


==Non-informational uses==
==Non-informational uses==
The aesthetic appeal of the displays are such that they have also seen use in purely artistic forms, such as in ''[[Pedestrian Drama]]'', contemporary artwork using this display technology, and art by [[Juan Fontanive]], who has used the mechanism extensively since 2005.
The aesthetic appeal of the displays is such that they have also seen use in purely artistic forms, such as in ''[[Pedestrian Drama]]'', contemporary artwork using this display technology, and art by [[Juan Fontanive]], who has used the mechanism extensively since 2005.


The album cover for [[The Enemy (UK rock band)|The Enemy]]'s album ''[[We'll Live and Die in These Towns]]'' is based on the Solari design seen at British railway stations.
The album cover for [[The Enemy (UK rock band)|The Enemy]]'s album ''[[We'll Live and Die in These Towns]]'' is based on the Solari design seen at British railway stations.



==Patents==
==Gallery==
* {{US patent|3501761}} ''Remote-Controlled Display Device for Selectively Displaying Signs or Words''
<gallery>
File:Flickr - NewsPhoto! - ProRail deelt flyers en chocolade uit na ontspoorde trein (11).jpg|Flap display at [[Breukelen railway station]], Holland
File:An- und Abfahrtstafel-Hannover Hbf.jpg|Flap display as departure board at [[Hanover Hauptbahnhof]], Germany
File:Tatra KT8D5, čelní orientace, Vápenka (01).jpg|Split-flap display with the name of the end station on the tram [[Tatra KT8D5]] in [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]]
File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico - BEIC 6355502.jpg|''Cifra 5'' clock (1954)
File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico - BEIC 6355499.jpg|''Cifra 5'' internal mechanism
File:Clock-Lowicz-150604.jpg|''Cifra 23'' clock
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
Line 173: Line 53:
==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Split-flap displays}}
{{commons category|Split-flap displays}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131219030803/http://www.segd.org/design-awards/index.html SEGD Design Awards: A Sign of Democracy]
* [http://www.solari.it Solari di Udine homepage]
* [http://www.segd.org/design-awards/index.html#/design-awards/2006-design-awards/a-sign-of-democracy.html SEGD Design Awards: A Sign of Democracy]{{dead link|date=April 2014}}
* [http://remotesign.mixmox.com/ Software to simulate Split-flap signs]
* [http://flipper.pageforest.com/ Split-Flap Display Simulator]
* [http://www.dixielandsoftware.com/Amtrak/solari/ Virtual Split-Flap Displays for Amtrak Stations]
* [http://www.retrotime.ch/ Flip Clock]


{{Display technology}}
{{Display technology|state=collapsed}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Split-Flap Display}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Split-Flap Display}}

Latest revision as of 15:35, 5 December 2024

The Signaltron main departure board at Praha-Smíchov station, Czech Republic (2012), manufactured by Pragotron
Schematic of a split-flap display in a digital clock display
An animation of how a split-flap display works
Flap departure board at Gare du Nord, Paris (2007)
Section of a split-flap display board at Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof (2005)
Enlarged inner workings of a split-flap clock

A split-flap display, or sometimes simply a flap display, is a digital electromechanical display device that presents changeable alphanumeric text, and occasionally fixed graphics. They were[when?] commonly used as public transport timetables in airports and railway stations.

They were often called Solari boards after the Italian display manufacturer Solari di Udine, or, in Central European countries, Pragotron after the Czech manufacturer.

Split-flap displays were once commonly used in consumer digital clocks known as flip clocks.

Description

[edit]

Each character position or graphic position has a collection of flaps on which the characters or graphics are painted or silkscreened. These flaps are precisely rotated to show the desired character or graphic. These displays are often found in railway stations and airports, where they serve as flight information display system and typically display departure or arrival information.

Sometimes the flaps are large and display whole words, and in other installations there are several smaller flaps, each displaying a single character.

Flip-dot displays and LED display boards may be used instead of split-flap displays in most applications. Their output can be changed by reprogramming instead of replacement of physical parts but they suffer from lower readability. They also can refresh more quickly, as a split-flap display often must cycle through many states.

Advantages to these displays include:

  • high visibility and wide viewing angle in most lighting conditions
  • little or no power consumption while the display remains static
  • Distinct metallic flapping sound draws attention when the information is updated.

The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority has designed the new LED replacements for its aging Solari boards at North Station and South Station to emit an electronically generated flapping noise to cue passengers to train boarding updates.[1]

Many game shows of the 1970s used this type of display for the contestant podium scoreboards. Usually, the flip was left-to-right on a vertical axis, although up/down on a horizontal axis was not completely unknown. Early seasons of the game show Family Feud used a split flap display as part of the game board (subsequent seasons used more modern digital displays, and eventually simply used a large digital flat screen monitor). The game board on the Nickelodeon game show Make the Grade was a 7x7 split-flap display, used to display subjects and wild cards, as well as tracking contestants' progress. The television game show Chain Reaction on Game Show Network features computer-simulated split-flap displays to display the various words in a chain.[citation needed]

In Italy, split-flap displays have also been occasionally used as destination signs for transit vehicles; there was also a brief vogue for them in the United Kingdom in the mid 1980s.[2]

Non-informational uses

[edit]

The aesthetic appeal of the displays is such that they have also seen use in purely artistic forms, such as in Pedestrian Drama, contemporary artwork using this display technology, and art by Juan Fontanive, who has used the mechanism extensively since 2005.

The album cover for The Enemy's album We'll Live and Die in These Towns is based on the Solari design seen at British railway stations.


[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mac Daniel (2006-04-06). "Nostalgia for noise at South Station". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  2. ^ "Eastern National Olympian Coach". 7 September 1986.
[edit]
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