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Coordinates: 53°11′00″N 0°29′00″E / 53.1833°N 0.4833°E / 53.1833; 0.4833
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{{short description|Offshore wind farm off the east coast of England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox power station
{{Infobox power station
| name = Lincs Wind Farm
| name = Lincs Wind Farm
| image = File:Lincs Offshore Wind Farm - geograph.org.uk - 3802895.jpg
| location = [[North Sea]]
⚫
| construction_began = 2010
| image_caption = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm turbines behind those of [[Lynn and Inner Dowsing Wind Farm|Lynn and Inner Dowsing]]
| location_map = England
| cost = £1 billion
⚫
| wind_offshore_distance = {{convert|8|km|1|abbr=on}}
| location_map_size =
}}
| location_map_caption =
{{maplink
| lat_d = 53
|frame=yes
| lat_m = 11
|frame-height=360
| lat_s =
|frame-lat= 53.1901
| lat_NS = N
|frame-long=0.4882
| long_d = 00
|zoom=11
| long_m = 29
|text=Wind farm layout
| long_s =
|from=Wind turbines Lincs.map
| long_EW = E
| coordinates_type = type:landmark
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| name_official =
| country = [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| location = [[North Sea]]
⚫
| status =
⚫
| construction_began = 2010
| commissioned = September 2013
| decommissioned =
| cost = £1 billion
| owner = [[Centrica]]<br/>[[DONG Energy]]<br/>[[Siemens]]
| operator =
<!------------------------- WIND FARMS -->
| wind_farm_type = Offshore
| wind_site_elevation =
| wind_site_usage =
| wind_site_area = {{convert|35|km2|1|abbr=on}}
| wind_offshore_depth =
⚫
| wind_offshore_distance = {{convert|8|km|1|abbr=on}}
| wind_hub_height = {{convert|100|m|0|abbr=on}}
| wind_rotor_diameter = {{convert|120|m|0|abbr=on}}
| wind_rated_speed =
<!------------------------- GENERAL -->
| ps_units_operational =
| ps_units_manu_model = [[Siemens Wind Power]] SWT-3.6
| ps_units_uc =
| ps_units_planned = 75
| ps_units_decommissioned=
| ps_electrical_capacity = 270&nbsp;MW
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| website =
| extra =
}}
}}


Line 58: Line 27:
| date = 21 October 2008
| date = 21 October 2008
| publisher = Centrica
| publisher = Centrica
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150213034817/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/21oct2008_news_centrica_gains_consent.pdf| archivedate = 13 Feb 2015
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150213034817/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/21oct2008_news_centrica_gains_consent.pdf| archivedate = 13 February 2015
| format = PDF}}
| accessdate = 4 April 2012}}
</ref><ref>
</ref><ref>{{cite news
{{cite news
| url = http://www.utilityweek.co.uk/news/news_story.asp?id=43003&title=Centrica's+Lincolnshire+development+leads+offshire+windfarm+stampeded
| url = http://www.utilityweek.co.uk/news/news_story.asp?id=43003&title=Centrica's+Lincolnshire+development+leads+offshire+windfarm+stampeded
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130505093213/http://www.utilityweek.co.uk/news/news_story.asp?id=43003&title=Centrica's+Lincolnshire+development+leads+offshire+windfarm+stampeded
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 5 May 2013
| title = Centrica's Lincolnshire development leads offshire windfarm stampeded
| title = Centrica's Lincolnshire development leads offshire windfarm stampeded
| date = 29 October 2008
| date = 29 October 2008
| work =Utility Week}}
| work = Utility Week
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
</ref>
}}</ref>


In December 2009 [[DONG Energy]] and [[Siemens|Siemens Project Ventures]] jointly acquired 50% of the project (25% share each) for £50&nbsp;million, plus 50% of the capital cost of the project.<ref>Sources:
In December 2009 [[Ørsted (company)|Ørsted A/S]] (then named DONG Energy) and [[Siemens|Siemens Project Ventures]] jointly acquired 50% of the project (25% share each) for £50&nbsp;million, plus 50% of the capital cost of the project.<ref>Sources:
*{{cite press release
*{{cite press release
| url = http://www.dongenergy.com/EN/Investor/releases/Pages/omx%20feed%20list%20details.aspx?omxid=454304
|url = http://www.dongenergy.com/EN/Investor/releases/Pages/omx%20feed%20list%20details.aspx?omxid=454304
| title = DONG Energy and Siemens Project Ventures to join UK offshore wind farm project
|title = DONG Energy and Siemens Project Ventures to join UK offshore wind farm project
| date = 23 December 2009
|date = 23 December 2009
| publisher =DONG Energy}}
|publisher = DONG Energy
⚫
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110525003124/http://www.dongenergy.com/EN/Investor/releases/Pages/omx%20feed%20list%20details.aspx?omxid=454304
|archivedate = 25 May 2011
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
}}
*{{cite news
*{{cite news
| url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/marketforceslive/2009/oct/28/centrica-bggroup
|url = https://www.theguardian.com/business/marketforceslive/2009/oct/28/centrica-bggroup
| first = Graeme | last = Wearden
|first = Graeme
|last = Wearden
| date = 28 October 2009
|date = 28 October 2009
| newspaper = [[The Guardian]]
|newspaper = [[The Guardian]]
| title = Market forces breaking news: Centrica to build new wind farm}}
|title = Market forces breaking news: Centrica to build new wind farm
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
}}
*{{cite news
*{{cite news
|url= http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article202234.ece
|url = http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article202234.ece
|title= Dong rides the wind
|title = Dong rides the wind
|newspaper = [[Upstream (newspaper)|Upstream Online]]
|newspaper = [[Upstream (newspaper)|Upstream Online]]
| publisher = [[NHST Media Group]]
|publisher = [[NHST Media Group]]
|date=23 December 2009}}
|date = 23 December 2009
|accessdate = 1 January 2010
}}
*{{cite press release
*{{cite press release
| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/23dec2009_news_lincs.pdf
|url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/23dec2009_news_lincs.pdf
| title= Centrica announces new equity partners and upgraded turbines for Lincs offshore wind farm, improving the project economics
|title = Centrica announces new equity partners and upgraded turbines for Lincs offshore wind farm, improving the project economics
| date = 23 December 2009
|date = 23 December 2009
|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20150213034127/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/23dec2009_news_lincs.pdf
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150213034127/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/23dec2009_news_lincs.pdf
|archivedate = 13 Feb 2015
|archivedate = 13 February 2015
| publisher = Centrica}}
|publisher = Centrica
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
}}
</ref>
</ref>


Preparatory construction work for the development included the extension of the [[National Grid (Great Britain)|national-grid]] electricity substation at [[Walpole, Norfolk]], which began in April 2009.<ref name=centrica032012>
Preparatory construction work for the development included the extension of the [[National Grid (Great Britain)|National Grid]] electricity substation at [[Walpole, Norfolk]], which began in April 2009.<ref name=centrica032012>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_construction_newsletter.pdf
| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_construction_newsletter.pdf
Line 101: Line 85:
|date=March 2012
|date=March 2012
| publisher = Centrica
| publisher = Centrica
|archivedate = 30 Apr 2015| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20150430090626/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_construction_newsletter.pdf
|archivedate = 30 April 2015| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20150430090626/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_construction_newsletter.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
| quote = The power from Lincs will be transmitted to the National Grid substation at Walpole ... Work to build an extension to the substation commenced in 2010 to enable the power to be transformed from 132&nbsp;kV to 400&nbsp;kV ... Civil works commenced at the National Grid substation site at Walpole in April last year}}
| quote = The power from Lincs will be transmitted to the National Grid substation at Walpole ... Work to build an extension to the substation commenced in 2010 to enable the power to be transformed from 132&nbsp;kV to 400&nbsp;kV ... Civil works commenced at the National Grid substation site at Walpole in April last year}}
</ref>{{#tag:ref|Lincs, Docking Shoal and Race Bank wind farms were to share the same onshore cable export route, and onshore substation.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/racebank_nontechnical_summary.pdf| title = Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150430091617/https://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/racebank_nontechnical_summary.pdf | archivedate = 30 Apr 2015 | date = January 2009| publisher = Centrica|page=3}}</ref> The environmental statement for the onshore works was submitted as part of the Lincs Wind Farm application.<ref>[[#nontech2007|Lincs Offshore Wind Farm ES : Non-Technical Summary]] (January 2007) pp.&nbsp;3, 5, 11</ref>|group="note"|name="shared"}} In June 2010 Siemens obtained the contract for the offshore electrical substation (£101&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite press release | date = 28 June 2010| publisher = Siemens |title =Siemens wins new £101 million order to connect Lincs offshore wind farm to the UK grid | url = http://www.siemens.co.uk/en/news_press/index/news_archive/contract-to-connect-offshore-lincs-wind-farm-to-uk-grid.htm }}</ref> Transmission cables from offshore to onshore [[electrical substation]]s were installed in 2010–2011.<ref name=centrica032012/><ref name="pp1"/> Construction of the offshore facilities of the wind farm began in 2011, with the installation of the offshore [[Electrical substation|electricity substation]] foundations.<ref>Sources:
</ref>{{#tag:ref|Lincs, Docking Shoal and Race Bank wind farms were to share the same onshore cable export route, and onshore substation.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/racebank_nontechnical_summary.pdf| title = Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150430091617/https://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/racebank_nontechnical_summary.pdf | archivedate = 30 April 2015 | date = January 2009| accessdate=11 May 2014|publisher = Centrica|page=3}}</ref> The environmental statement for the onshore works was submitted as part of the Lincs Wind Farm application.<ref>[[#nontech2007|Lincs Offshore Wind Farm ES : Non-Technical Summary]] (January 2007) pp.&nbsp;3, 5, 11</ref>|group="note"|name="shared"}} In June 2010 Siemens obtained the contract for the offshore electrical substation (£101&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite press release | date = 28 June 2010| publisher = Siemens |title =Siemens wins new £101 million order to connect Lincs offshore wind farm to the UK grid | url = http://www.siemens.co.uk/en/news_press/index/news_archive/contract-to-connect-offshore-lincs-wind-farm-to-uk-grid.htm |accessdate=8 June 2012}}</ref> Transmission cables from offshore to onshore [[electrical substation]]s were installed in 2010–2011.<ref name=centrica032012/><ref name="pp1"/> Construction of the offshore facilities of the wind farm began in 2011, with the installation of the offshore [[Electrical substation|electricity substation]] foundations.<ref>Sources:
*{{cite news
*{{cite news
| url = http://www.skegnessstandard.co.uk/news/business/skegness-windfarm-will-double-turbines-1-2558639#
| url = http://www.skegnessstandard.co.uk/news/business/skegness-windfarm-will-double-turbines-1-2558639#
| title = Skegness windfarm will double turbines
| title = Skegness windfarm will double turbines
| date = 1 April 2011
| date = 1 April 2011
| newspaper = Skegness Standard}}
| newspaper = Skegness Standard
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130811174753/http://www.skegnessstandard.co.uk/news/business/skegness-windfarm-will-double-turbines-1-2558639
| archive-date = 11 August 2013
| url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite news
*{{cite news
| url = http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/Lincs-work-begun/story-11191730-detail/story.html
| url = http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/Lincs-work-begun/story-11191730-detail/story.html
| title =Lincs work has begun
| title = Lincs work has begun
| date = 28 March 2011
| date = 28 March 2011
| work = This is Lincolnshire}}
| work = This is Lincolnshire
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
</ref> The [[Port of Hull]] was selected as one of the logistics bases for the wind farm turbine installation, supplying wind tower transition pieces. [[Jackup rig|Jack-up barge]] ''JB114'' arriving at the port in March 2012.<ref>Sources:
}}</ref> The [[Port of Hull]] was selected as one of the logistics bases for the wind farm turbine installation, supplying wind tower transition pieces. [[Jackup rig|Jack-up barge]] ''JB114'' arriving at the port in March 2012.<ref>Sources:
*{{cite press release
*{{cite press release
| url = http://www.abports.co.uk/newsarticle/14/
| url = http://www.abports.co.uk/newsarticle/14/
| title = Lincs Wind Farm chooses ABP's Port of Hull as a logistics base for its Lincs offshore wind farm
| title = Lincs Wind Farm chooses ABP's Port of Hull as a logistics base for its Lincs offshore wind farm
| date = 26 March 2012
| date = 26 March 2012
| publisher = ABP}}
| publisher = ABP
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
}}
*{{cite news
*{{cite news
| url = http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/Hull-s-Albert-Dock-playing-key-role-North-Sea/story-15643752-detail/story.html
| url = http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/Hull-s-Albert-Dock-playing-key-role-North-Sea/story-15643752-detail/story.html
| title = Hull's Albert Dock playing key role in North Sea wind farm as renewables era lifts off
| title = Hull's Albert Dock playing key role in North Sea wind farm as renewables era lifts off
| date = 28 March 2012
| date = 28 March 2012
| work = This is Lincolnshire}}
| work = This is Lincolnshire
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
}}
</ref> [[Great Yarmouth]] was also used as a base for the wind farm installation.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/lincs-united-kingdom-uk13.html| title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm| work = www.4coffshore.com|publisher = 4C Offshore|accessdate=24 January 2013}}</ref>
</ref> [[Great Yarmouth]] was also used as a base for the wind farm installation.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/lincs-united-kingdom-uk13.html| title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm| work = www.4coffshore.com|publisher = 4C Offshore|accessdate=24 January 2013}}</ref>


Construction of the offshore 33&nbsp;kV to 132&nbsp;kV substation (structure sub-contracted to [[McNulty Offshore Construction]]/[[Atkins (company)|Atkins PLC]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mcnultyoffshore.com/en/projects/1278591393.727/1285142486.479/| title = Siemens LINCS OSS - McNulty Offshore Construction| work = www.mcnultyoffshore.com|accessdate = 8 June 2012}}</ref>) and of the onshore 132&nbsp;kV to 400&nbsp;kV substation was completed by April 2012.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_construction_april_2012.pdf| title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm Construction Update| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150430104010/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_construction_april_2012.pdf| archivedate = 30 Apr 2015| date =April 2012| publisher = Centrica| quote = Construction of the 3,000 tonne offshore substation, .. which will transform power from the wind farm from 33&nbsp;kV to 132&nbsp;kV .. is now complete, ... It has been built by McNulty, a subcontractor to Siemens Transmission and Distribution Limited, based in South Shields. [..] The testing and energisation of the onshore substation at Walpole, .. is now complete. This substation will boost the power from 132&nbsp;kV to 400&nbsp;kV|}}</ref>
Construction of the offshore 33&nbsp;kV to 132&nbsp;kV substation (structure sub-contracted to [[McNulty Offshore Construction]]/[[Atkins (company)|Atkins PLC]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mcnultyoffshore.com/en/projects/1278591393.727/1285142486.479/| title = Siemens LINCS OSS - McNulty Offshore Construction| work = www.mcnultyoffshore.com| accessdate = 8 June 2012| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140202184433/http://www.mcnultyoffshore.com/en/projects/1278591393.727/1285142486.479/| archivedate = 2 February 2014}}</ref>) and of the onshore 132&nbsp;kV to 400&nbsp;kV substation was completed by April 2012.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_construction_april_2012.pdf| title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm Construction Update| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150430104010/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_construction_april_2012.pdf| archivedate = 30 April 2015| date =April 2012|accessdate=8 June 2012| publisher = Centrica| quote = Construction of the 3,000 tonne offshore substation, .. which will transform power from the wind farm from 33&nbsp;kV to 132&nbsp;kV .. is now complete, ... It has been built by McNulty, a subcontractor to Siemens Transmission and Distribution Limited, based in South Shields. [..] The testing and energisation of the onshore substation at Walpole, .. is now complete. This substation will boost the power from 132&nbsp;kV to 400&nbsp;kV}}</ref>


In August 2011, the consortia of DONG, Siemens, and Centrica began to seek financing for the £1&nbsp;billion project, committing to providing £166.7, £75 and £333.3&nbsp;million respectively (£575&nbsp;million total). In June 2012 the consortia obtained financing for the project with £425&nbsp;million of [[nonrecourse debt]] facilities provided from a consortium of 10 banks. Approximately 75%, of the project cost was for the wind farm installation, the remainder for the high voltage electricity transmission link.<ref>Sources:
In August 2011, the consortia of Ørsted, Siemens, and Centrica began to seek financing for the £1&nbsp;billion project, committing to providing £166.7, £75 and £333.3&nbsp;million respectively (£575&nbsp;million total). In June 2012 the consortia obtained financing for the project with £425&nbsp;million of [[nonrecourse debt]] facilities provided from a consortium of 10 banks. Approximately 75% of the project cost was for the wind farm installation, the remainder for the high voltage electricity transmission link.<ref>Sources:
*{{cite news| url = http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-19/centrica-siemens-seek-banks-for-1-7-billion-u-k-wind-financing.html| title = Centrica, Siemens Seek Loans For 1 Billion-Pound U.K. Wind Deal| first = Sally | last = Bakewell | date = 19 August 2011 | agency = [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] }}
*{{cite news| url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-19/centrica-siemens-seek-banks-for-1-7-billion-u-k-wind-financing.html| title = Centrica, Siemens Seek Loans For 1 Billion-Pound U.K. Wind Deal| first = Sally | last = Bakewell | date = 19 August 2011 | agency = [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |accessdate=7 June 2012}}
*{{cite news| url = http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-06-07/centrica-siemens-dong-receive-660-million-for-u-dot-k-dot-wind-park | title = Centrica, Siemens Receive $660 Million for U.K. Wind Project| first = Sally | last = Bakewell | date = 7 June 2012 | work = [[Bloomberg Businessweek]] | agency = [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] }}
*{{cite news| url = http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-06-07/centrica-siemens-dong-receive-660-million-for-u-dot-k-dot-wind-park | title = Centrica, Siemens Receive $660 Million for U.K. Wind Project| first = Sally | last = Bakewell | date = 7 June 2012 | work = [[Bloomberg Businessweek]] | agency = [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |accessdate=7 June 2012}}
*{{cite news | last =McKenna | first = John| url = http://www.windpowermonthly.com/news/1135472/Landmark-UK-offshore-deal-agreed| title= Landmark UK offshore deal agreed| work = Windpower Monthly |date = 7 June 2012}}</ref>
*{{cite news | last =McKenna | first = John| url = http://www.windpowermonthly.com/news/1135472/Landmark-UK-offshore-deal-agreed| title= Landmark UK offshore deal agreed| work = Windpower Monthly |date = 7 June 2012 |accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref>


Construction began in 2010; installation of the 75-monopile tower foundation by [[MT Højgaard]] was completed by June 2012, with the underwater installation phase completed by September 2012.<ref>Sources:
Construction began in 2010; installation of the 75-monopile tower foundation by [[MT Højgaard]] was completed by June 2012, with the underwater installation phase completed by September 2012.<ref>Sources:
*{{cite web| url =http://www.offshorewind.biz/2012/06/20/uk-mt-hojgaard-installs-last-foundation-for-lincs-wind-farm/| title = UK: MT Højgaard Installs Last Foundation for Lincs Wind Farm| date = 20 June 2012|work = www.offshorewind.biz}}
*{{cite web| url =http://www.offshorewind.biz/2012/06/20/uk-mt-hojgaard-installs-last-foundation-for-lincs-wind-farm/| title = UK: MT Højgaard Installs Last Foundation for Lincs Wind Farm| date = 20 June 2012|work = www.offshorewind.biz|accessdate=27 September 2012}}
*{{cite web| url = http://www.offshorewind.biz/2012/09/19/turbine-installation-starts-as-mt-hojgaard-completes-work-on-lincs-wind-farm-uk/|title =Turbine Installation Starts as MT Højgaard Completes Work on Lincs Wind Farm, UK| date = 19 September 2012| work = www.offshorewind.biz}}</ref> The first generator had been installed by 14 July 2012.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_august_2012_update.pdf|title = Lincs Wind Farm August 2012 |date=August 2012| publisher = Centrica |archiveurl =| archivedate=}}{{deadlink}}</ref> The wind farm was scheduled become operational in the second half of 2012, and be complete by 2013:<ref name="pr1">{{cite press release | url = http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120607005428/en/Centrica-PLC-UK-Regulatory-Announcement-Lincs-Project|title = £425 million Lincs Wind Farm project financing agreements finalised| publisher = [[Centrica]] | date = 7 June 2012}}</ref> the final turbine was installed by March 2013;<ref>{{cite web| url= http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/80556/uk-final-turbine-installed-at-lincs-offshore-wind-farm/ | title = UK: Final turbine installed at Lincs Offshore Wind Farm| date = 3 April 2013| work = worldmaritimenews.com}}</ref> and the wind farm officially opened by Deputy Prime Minister [[Nick Clegg]] in August 2013,<ref>{{citation| url =http://www.siemens.co.uk/pool/news_press/news_archive/2013/lincs-offshore-wind-farm-official-opened-by-nick-clegg.pdf| title = Lincs offshore wind farm officially opened by Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg| date = 1 Aug 2013| publisher =Siemens| type = press release }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-23537870 | title = Nick Clegg opens Skegness offshore wind farm | date =2 August 2013| work = BBC News}}</ref> with commissioning complete in September 2013.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centrica.com/news/lincs-offshore-wind-farm-mission-complete| title = Lincs offshore wind farm: mission complete| date = 27 September 2013| publisher= Centrica}}</ref> The license for the electrical transmission link was awarded to TC Lincs OFTO Limited for £308&nbsp;million in late 2014.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://renews.biz/78469/tcp-pockets-308m-lincs-licence/| title = TCP pockets £308m Lincs licence| date = 4 November 2014| work = renews.biz }}</ref>
*{{cite web| url = http://www.offshorewind.biz/2012/09/19/turbine-installation-starts-as-mt-hojgaard-completes-work-on-lincs-wind-farm-uk/|title =Turbine Installation Starts as MT Højgaard Completes Work on Lincs Wind Farm, UK| date = 19 September 2012| work = www.offshorewind.biz|accessdate=27 September 2012}}</ref> The first generator had been installed by 14 July 2012.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_august_2012_update.pdf|title = Lincs Wind Farm August 2012 |date=August 2012| publisher = Centrica|accessdate=27 September 2012 }} {{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}</ref> The wind farm was scheduled to become operational in the second half of 2012, and be complete by 2013:<ref name="pr1">{{cite press release | url = http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120607005428/en/Centrica-PLC-UK-Regulatory-Announcement-Lincs-Project|title = £425 million Lincs Wind Farm project financing agreements finalised| publisher = [[Centrica]] | date = 7 June 2012|accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref> the final turbine was installed by March 2013;<ref>{{cite web| url= http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/80556/uk-final-turbine-installed-at-lincs-offshore-wind-farm/ | title = UK: Final turbine installed at Lincs Offshore Wind Farm| date = 3 April 2013| work = worldmaritimenews.com|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref> and the wind farm officially opened by Deputy Prime Minister [[Nick Clegg]] in August 2013,<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.siemens.co.uk/pool/news_press/news_archive/2013/lincs-offshore-wind-farm-official-opened-by-nick-clegg.pdf| title = Lincs offshore wind farm officially opened by Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg| date = 1 August 2013| publisher =Siemens| type = press release |accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-23537870 | title = Nick Clegg opens Skegness offshore wind farm | date =2 August 2013| work = BBC News|accessdate=17 February 2016}}</ref> with commissioning complete in September 2013.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centrica.com/news/lincs-offshore-wind-farm-mission-complete| title = Lincs offshore wind farm: mission complete| date = 27 September 2013| publisher= Centrica|accessdate=24 January 2014}}</ref> The license for the electrical transmission link was awarded to TC Lincs OFTO Limited for £308&nbsp;million in late 2014.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://renews.biz/78469/tcp-pockets-308m-lincs-licence/| title = TCP pockets £308m Lincs licence| date = 4 November 2014| work = renews.biz| accessdate = 4 November 2014 }}</ref>


==Technical description==
==Technical description==
Line 145: Line 139:
| title = Lincs Project History
| title = Lincs Project History
| publisher = Centrica
| publisher = Centrica
| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20141230192019/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_project_history.pdf| archivedate = 30 December 2014 | format = PDF}}
| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20141230192019/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_project_history.pdf| archivedate = 30 December 2014 | accessdate = 4 April 2012
}}
</ref> The project uses 75 three blade 3.6&nbsp;MW Siemens wind turbines. The wind turbines have {{convert|120|m}} rotor diameter machines with {{convert|58.5|m}} blades with a hub height of {{convert|100|m}} on cylindrical steel towers. The turbines were installed in {{convert|10|to|15|m}} water depth, with a spacing of approximately {{convert|500|m}} within a {{convert|35|km2|sqmi}} wind farm.<ref name="pp1">{{cite news| url = http://www.power-technology.com/projects/centricalincs/| title = Centrica Lincs Offshore Wind Project, United Kingdom| accessdate = 4 April 2012| work = Power Technology | }}</ref>
</ref> The project uses 75 three blade 3.6&nbsp;MW Siemens wind turbines. The wind turbines have {{convert|120|m}} rotor diameter machines with {{convert|58.5|m}} blades with a hub height of {{convert|100|m}} on cylindrical steel towers. The turbines were installed in {{convert|10|to|15|m}} water depth, with a spacing of approximately {{convert|500|m}} within a {{convert|35|km2|sqmi}} wind farm.<ref name="pp1">{{cite news| url = http://www.power-technology.com/projects/centricalincs/| title = Centrica Lincs Offshore Wind Project, United Kingdom| accessdate = 4 April 2012| work = Power Technology}}</ref>


Transmission of electrical power to land is by 145&nbsp;kV cables supplied by [[Nexans]]. Transmission voltage is 132&nbsp;kV to land, being increased to 400&nbsp;kV at Walpole substation for grid connection.<ref name="pp1"/>
Transmission of electrical power to land is by 145&nbsp;kV cables supplied by [[Nexans]]. Transmission voltage is 132&nbsp;kV to land, being increased to 400&nbsp;kV at Walpole substation for grid connection.<ref name="pp1"/>


The operation and maintenance base for the wind farm is be based at [[Grimsby]].<ref>Sources:
The operation and maintenance base for the wind farm is based at [[Grimsby]],<ref>Sources:
*{{cite news
*{{cite news
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-13274742
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-13274742
| title = Jobs boost in Grimsby docks wind farm project
| title = Jobs boost in Grimsby docks wind farm project
| date= 4 May 2011
| date= 4 May 2011
|work = BBC News}}
|work = BBC News
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
}}
*{{cite press release
*{{cite press release
| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/grimsby_040511.pdf
| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/grimsby_040511.pdf
| title = Centrica signs long-term lease for operations and maintenance base in Grimsby
| title = Centrica signs long-term lease for operations and maintenance base in Grimsby
| date = 4 May 2011
| date = 4 May 2011
|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20150213035127/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/grimsby_040511.pdf| archivedate = 13 Feb 2015
|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20150213035127/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/grimsby_040511.pdf| archivedate = 13 February 2015
| publisher = Centrica
| publisher = Centrica
| format = PDF}}
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
}}
</ref>
</ref> where crews travel 1½ hours by boat to and from the wind farm.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vorrath |first1=Sophie |title=From nets to nacelles: A day in the life of an offshore wind technician |url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/from-nets-to-nacelles-a-day-in-the-life-of-an-offshore-wind-technician/ |website=RenewEconomy |language=en-AU |date=5 December 2023}}</ref>

As at 2019, the windfarm has a rolling capacity factor of 39%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lincs Wind Farm |url=https://ref.org.uk/generators/view.php?rid=R00025RPEN&tab=sm&returnurl=https%3A%2F%2Fref.org.uk%2Fgenerators%2Fsearch.php%3FTechCode%3DFW%252CWD |website=Renewable Energy Foundation}}</ref> Its [[levelised cost]] has been estimated at £166/MWh.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aldersey-Williams |first1=John |last2=Broadbent |first2=Ian |last3=Strachan |first3=Peter |title=Better estimates of LCOE from audited accounts – A new methodology with examples from United Kingdom offshore wind and CCGT |journal=Energy Policy |date=2019 |volume=128 |pages=25–35}}</ref>


The wind farm has an expected lifespan of 40 years, with electrical equipment and wind turbines expected to be replaced after 20 years. After the end of the project's lifespan the farm is to be decommissioned, including removal of turbines and electrical equipment, and removal of offshore foundations or cut off to [[seabed]] level or lower. Connecting cables are not scheduled to be removed.<ref>
The wind farm has an expected lifespan of 40 years, with electrical equipment and wind turbines expected to be replaced after 20 years. After the end of the project's lifespan the farm is to be decommissioned, including removal of turbines and electrical equipment, and removal of offshore foundations or cut off to [[seabed]] level or lower. Connecting cables are not scheduled to be removed.<ref>
Line 170: Line 170:
| title = LINCS Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Plan: On behalf of Lincs Wind Farm Limited
| title = LINCS Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Plan: On behalf of Lincs Wind Farm Limited
| date =December 2010
| date =December 2010
|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20150213041754/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_decomissioning_plan.pdf| archivedate = 13 Feb 2015
|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20150213041754/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_decomissioning_plan.pdf| archivedate = 13 February 2015
| publisher = Centrica
| publisher = Centrica
| format = PDF
| pages = 1–2
| pages = 1–2}}
| accessdate = 4 April 2012
}}
</ref>
</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|England|Weather|Renewable energy}}}}
* [[List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom]]
* [[List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom]]
*[[List of offshore wind farms in the North Sea]]
*[[List of offshore wind farms in the North Sea]]
Line 191: Line 193:
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
;Centrica
;Centrica
*{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_nontechnical_summary.pdf| title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement : Non-Technical Summary| date = January 2007 | publisher = Centrica|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140512223846/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_nontechnical_summary.pdf| archivedate = 12 May 2014 | ref=nontech2007}}, statement for main wind farm area
*{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_nontechnical_summary.pdf| title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement : Non-Technical Summary| date = January 2007 | publisher = Centrica|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140512223846/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_nontechnical_summary.pdf| archivedate = 12 May 2014 | ref=nontech2007}} Statement for main wind farm area.
**{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_non-technical.pdf| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150108015655/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_non-technical.pdf| archivedate = 8 Jan 2015| title= LID6 Environmental Statement On behalf of Lincs Wind Farm Limited : Non-Technical Summary | date = May 2010 | publisher = Centrica}}, statement for 6 additional turbines of 20&nbsp;MW within Lynn & Inner Dowsing farm area
**{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_non-technical.pdf| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150108015655/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_non-technical.pdf| archivedate = 8 January 2015| title= LID6 Environmental Statement On behalf of Lincs Wind Farm Limited : Non-Technical Summary | date = May 2010 | publisher = Centrica}} Statement for 6 additional turbines of 20&nbsp;MW within Lynn & Inner Dowsing farm area.
*{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_construction_activities.pdf| title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm - Construction Activities | archivedate = 8 Jan 2015| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150108015533/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_construction_activities.pdf | date = January 2011| publisher = Centrica}}, project timeline and turbine locations (proposed).
*{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_construction_activities.pdf| title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm - Construction Activities | archivedate = 8 January 2015| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150108015533/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_offshore_wind_farm_construction_activities.pdf | date = January 2011| publisher = Centrica|accessdate=7 June 2012}} Project timeline and turbine locations (proposed).
*{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_wind_farm_project_history.pdf| title = Lincs Wind Farm project history| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150108015413/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_wind_farm_project_history.pdf| archivedate =8 Jan 2015 | publisher = Centrica}}
*{{cite web| url = http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_wind_farm_project_history.pdf| title = Lincs Wind Farm project history| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150108015413/http://www.centrica.com/files/pdf/centrica_energy/lincs_wind_farm_project_history.pdf| archivedate =8 January 2015 | publisher = Centrica}}
;Other
;Other
*{{cite web| url = http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/lincs-united-kingdom-uk13.html | title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm| work = www.4coffshore.com}}
*{{cite web| url = http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/lincs-united-kingdom-uk13.html | title = Lincs Offshore Wind Farm| work = www.4coffshore.com}}
Line 205: Line 207:
[[Category:Wind farms in England]]
[[Category:Wind farms in England]]
[[Category:Skegness]]
[[Category:Skegness]]
[[Category:DONG Energy wind farms]]
[[Category:Ørsted (company) wind farms]]
[[Category:Round 2 offshore wind farms]]
[[Category:Round 2 offshore wind farms]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Lincolnshire coast]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2013]]

Latest revision as of 06:22, 24 May 2024

Lincs Wind Farm
Lincs Offshore Wind Farm turbines behind those of Lynn and Inner Dowsing
Map
Country
  • United Kingdom
LocationNorth Sea
Coordinates53°11′00″N 0°29′00″E / 53.1833°N 0.4833°E / 53.1833; 0.4833
StatusOperational
Construction began2010
Commission date
  • 2012
Construction cost£1 billion
Owners
Operator
Wind farm
Type
Distance from shore8 km (5.0 mi)
Hub height
  • 100 m (330 ft)
Rotor diameter
  • 120 m (390 ft)
Site area
  • 35 km2 (14 sq mi)
Power generation
Units operational75 × 3.6 MW
Make and modelSiemens Gamesa SWT-3.6-120 (75)
Nameplate capacity
  • 270 MW
External links
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]
Map
Wind farm layout

The Lincs Wind Farm is a 270 MW offshore wind farm 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) off Skegness on the east coast of England. The total cost of the project is estimated at £1 billion including electrical transmission links. The farm was completed in 2013. It is adjacent to the smaller Lynn and Inner Dowsing Wind Farm.

History

[edit]

Centrica acquired the Lincs Wind Farm project in 2004 from Renewable Energy Systems, in 2008 the company obtained planning permission for the project.[1][2]

In December 2009 Ørsted A/S (then named DONG Energy) and Siemens Project Ventures jointly acquired 50% of the project (25% share each) for £50 million, plus 50% of the capital cost of the project.[3]

Preparatory construction work for the development included the extension of the National Grid electricity substation at Walpole, Norfolk, which began in April 2009.[4][note 1] In June 2010 Siemens obtained the contract for the offshore electrical substation (£101 million).[7] Transmission cables from offshore to onshore electrical substations were installed in 2010–2011.[4][8] Construction of the offshore facilities of the wind farm began in 2011, with the installation of the offshore electricity substation foundations.[9] The Port of Hull was selected as one of the logistics bases for the wind farm turbine installation, supplying wind tower transition pieces. Jack-up barge JB114 arriving at the port in March 2012.[10] Great Yarmouth was also used as a base for the wind farm installation.[11]

Construction of the offshore 33 kV to 132 kV substation (structure sub-contracted to McNulty Offshore Construction/Atkins PLC.[12]) and of the onshore 132 kV to 400 kV substation was completed by April 2012.[13]

In August 2011, the consortia of Ørsted, Siemens, and Centrica began to seek financing for the £1 billion project, committing to providing £166.7, £75 and £333.3 million respectively (£575 million total). In June 2012 the consortia obtained financing for the project with £425 million of nonrecourse debt facilities provided from a consortium of 10 banks. Approximately 75% of the project cost was for the wind farm installation, the remainder for the high voltage electricity transmission link.[14]

Construction began in 2010; installation of the 75-monopile tower foundation by MT Højgaard was completed by June 2012, with the underwater installation phase completed by September 2012.[15] The first generator had been installed by 14 July 2012.[16] The wind farm was scheduled to become operational in the second half of 2012, and be complete by 2013:[17] the final turbine was installed by March 2013;[18] and the wind farm officially opened by Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg in August 2013,[19][20] with commissioning complete in September 2013.[21] The license for the electrical transmission link was awarded to TC Lincs OFTO Limited for £308 million in late 2014.[22]

Technical description

[edit]

The scheme has 250 MW of generating capacity, with an additional 20 MW of turbine generating capacity constructed within the nearby Lynn Wind Farm and Dowsing Wind Farm but connected to the Lincs project transmission system.[23] The project uses 75 three blade 3.6 MW Siemens wind turbines. The wind turbines have 120 metres (390 ft) rotor diameter machines with 58.5 metres (192 ft) blades with a hub height of 100 metres (330 ft) on cylindrical steel towers. The turbines were installed in 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 ft) water depth, with a spacing of approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft) within a 35 square kilometres (14 sq mi) wind farm.[8]

Transmission of electrical power to land is by 145 kV cables supplied by Nexans. Transmission voltage is 132 kV to land, being increased to 400 kV at Walpole substation for grid connection.[8]

The operation and maintenance base for the wind farm is based at Grimsby,[24] where crews travel 1½ hours by boat to and from the wind farm.[25]

As at 2019, the windfarm has a rolling capacity factor of 39%.[26] Its levelised cost has been estimated at £166/MWh.[27]

The wind farm has an expected lifespan of 40 years, with electrical equipment and wind turbines expected to be replaced after 20 years. After the end of the project's lifespan the farm is to be decommissioned, including removal of turbines and electrical equipment, and removal of offshore foundations or cut off to seabed level or lower. Connecting cables are not scheduled to be removed.[28]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Lincs, Docking Shoal and Race Bank wind farms were to share the same onshore cable export route, and onshore substation.[5] The environmental statement for the onshore works was submitted as part of the Lincs Wind Farm application.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Centrica gains government consent for second generation offshore wind farm" (PDF) (Press release). Centrica. 21 October 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  2. ^ "Centrica's Lincolnshire development leads offshire windfarm stampeded". Utility Week. 29 October 2008. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  3. ^ Sources:
  4. ^ a b "Lincs Offshore Wind Farm Construction Update" (PDF). Centrica. March 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2012. The power from Lincs will be transmitted to the National Grid substation at Walpole ... Work to build an extension to the substation commenced in 2010 to enable the power to be transformed from 132 kV to 400 kV ... Civil works commenced at the National Grid substation site at Walpole in April last year
  5. ^ "Race Bank Offshore Wind Farm - Environmental Statement Non-Technical Summary" (PDF). Centrica. January 2009. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
  6. ^ Lincs Offshore Wind Farm ES : Non-Technical Summary (January 2007) pp. 3, 5, 11
  7. ^ "Siemens wins new £101 million order to connect Lincs offshore wind farm to the UK grid" (Press release). Siemens. 28 June 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  8. ^ a b c "Centrica Lincs Offshore Wind Project, United Kingdom". Power Technology. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  9. ^ Sources:
  10. ^ Sources:
  11. ^ "Lincs Offshore Wind Farm". www.4coffshore.com. 4C Offshore. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  12. ^ "Siemens LINCS OSS - McNulty Offshore Construction". www.mcnultyoffshore.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  13. ^ "Lincs Offshore Wind Farm Construction Update" (PDF). Centrica. April 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2012. Construction of the 3,000 tonne offshore substation, .. which will transform power from the wind farm from 33 kV to 132 kV .. is now complete, ... It has been built by McNulty, a subcontractor to Siemens Transmission and Distribution Limited, based in South Shields. [..] The testing and energisation of the onshore substation at Walpole, .. is now complete. This substation will boost the power from 132 kV to 400 kV
  14. ^ Sources:
  15. ^ Sources:
  16. ^ "Lincs Wind Farm August 2012" (PDF). Centrica. August 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2012. [dead link‍]
  17. ^ "£425 million Lincs Wind Farm project financing agreements finalised" (Press release). Centrica. 7 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
  18. ^ "UK: Final turbine installed at Lincs Offshore Wind Farm". worldmaritimenews.com. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  19. ^ "Lincs offshore wind farm officially opened by Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg" (PDF) (press release). Siemens. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  20. ^ "Nick Clegg opens Skegness offshore wind farm". BBC News. 2 August 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  21. ^ "Lincs offshore wind farm: mission complete". Centrica. 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  22. ^ "TCP pockets £308m Lincs licence". renews.biz. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  23. ^ "Lincs Project History" (PDF). Centrica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  24. ^ Sources:
  25. ^ Vorrath, Sophie (5 December 2023). "From nets to nacelles: A day in the life of an offshore wind technician". RenewEconomy.
  26. ^ "Lincs Wind Farm". Renewable Energy Foundation.
  27. ^ Aldersey-Williams, John; Broadbent, Ian; Strachan, Peter (2019). "Better estimates of LCOE from audited accounts – A new methodology with examples from United Kingdom offshore wind and CCGT". Energy Policy. 128: 25–35.
  28. ^ "LINCS Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Plan: On behalf of Lincs Wind Farm Limited" (PDF). Centrica. December 2010. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2012.

Sources

[edit]
Centrica
Other
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