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In solid state physics and physical chemistry, the fine electronic structure of a solid are the features of the electronic bands induced by intrinsic interactions between charge carriers. Valence and conduction bands split slightly compared to the difference between the various bands. Some mechanisms that allow it are angular momentum couplings, spin-orbit coupling, lattice distortions (Jahn–Teller effect), and other interactions described by crystal field theory.^[1]

The name comes from the fine structure of atoms, where energy levels suffer from a similar effect from the non-relativistic calculation due to effects like spin–orbit interaction, zitterbewegung, and corrections to the kinetic energy.

References

^ Radwański, R. J.; Ropka, Z. (2001), "Fine Electronic Structure and Magnetism of LaMnO3 and LaCoO3", Open Problems in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems, Springer Netherlands, pp. 429–432, doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0771-9_49, ISBN 9780792368960

[1] Radwański, R. J.; Ropka, Z. (2001), "Fine Electronic Structure and Magnetism of LaMnO3 and LaCoO3", Open Problems in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems, Springer Netherlands, pp. 429–432, doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0771-9_49, ISBN 9780792368960

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+{{about|the electronic structure of solids|the structure in atoms|Fine structure}}{{More citations needed|date=June 2018}}
-In [[Solid-state physics|solid state physics]] and [[physical chemistry]] – '''the fine electronic structure'''  is the structure of the [[Energy level|energy levels]] of the atom or ion induced by intrinsic interactions between spin and electron [[Magnetic moment|magnetic moments]] ([[LS coupling]] and [[jj coupling]]) of electrons and external interactions of electrons with the [[electric field]] potential of lattice surroundings in crystal<ref>{{Cite book|title=Electronic Structure and Magnetism of Inorganic Compounds.|last=Day|first=P|publisher=|year=1977|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=New Developments in Field Theory|last=Kovras|first=O|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=2006|pages=}}</ref> .
+In [[Solid-state physics|solid state physics]] and [[physical chemistry]], the '''fine electronic structure''' of a [[solid]] are the features of the [[Electronic band structure|electronic bands]] induced by intrinsic interactions between [[charge carrier]]s. [[Valence and conduction bands]] split slightly compared to the difference between the various bands. Some mechanisms that allow it are [[Angular momentum coupling|angular momentum couplings]], [[Spin–orbit interaction#In solids|spin-orbit coupling]], lattice distortions ([[Jahn–Teller effect]]),  and other interactions described by [[crystal field theory]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Radwański|first=R. J.|title=Fine Electronic Structure and Magnetism of LaMnO3 and LaCoO3|date=2001|last2=Ropka|first2=Z.|work=Open Problems in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems|pages=429–432|publisher=Springer Netherlands|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-94-010-0771-9_49|isbn=9780792368960}}</ref>
-Interactions of electrostatic potential with many-electron states  of atom/ion is most commonly described in the [[Crystal field theory]]. The name of the fine electronic structure means the existence of a structure close lying many-electron energy states, derived from the abolition of degeneration electronic configuration of paramagnetic atom or ion. The fine electronic structure is formed from atomic term structure and multiplet structure under influence of [[Multipolarity|multipolar]] electrostatic interactions which further energy levels splitting – [[Stark effect]].
+The name comes from the [[fine structure]] of atoms, where [[Energy level|energy levels]] suffer from a similar effect from the non-[[Special relativity|relativistic]] calculation due to effects like spin–orbit interaction, [[zitterbewegung]], and corrections to the kinetic energy.
-Depending on the accounting methodology of calculating, the fine electronic structure is carried out on the basis of many-electron wave functions written by components of the [[Quantum number|quantum numbers]] of  full moment of the [[Electron shell|electron subshell]] (J) or spin and orbit moment component separately (L and S).
+==See also==
-It means, interactions of electrons from unclosed electronic subshell (''p, d or f'') with Crystal electric Field can be describe by Hamiltonian matrix with elements: |J, Jz ><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Stevens|first=K.W.H|date=1952|title=Matrix Elements and Operator Equivalents Connected with the Magnetic Properties of Rare Earth Ions.|url=|journal=„Proceedings of the Physical Society”, Section A.,|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> , or  | L, S. Lz, Sz ><ref>{{Cite journal|last=A. Abragam, B. Bleaney|first=|date=1970|title=A. Abragam, B. Bleaney: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Transition Ions. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970.|url=|journal=Oxford: Clarendon Press|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref>. The fine electronic structure of ion/atom in solid material is fundamental for understanding of single ionic properties of materials with localized magnetic moments<ref>{{Cite journal|last=R.J.Radwanski, R.Michalski, Z.Ropka,|first=|date=2009|title=Magnetism and Electronic Structure of PrNi5, ErNi5, LaCoO3 and UPd2Al3. „|url=|journal=Acta Physica Polonica B. 31 (12), pp. 3079, 2009|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref>.
+{{Portal|Chemistry|Physics}}
+*[[Fine structure constant]]
+*[[Rashba effect]]
+*[[Dresselhaus effect]]
+==References==
-In solid state physics in a non-zero temperature of the states of fine electronic structure determines the magnetic properties (single-ionic magnetic anisotropy, magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature) and thermodynamic (Schottky-type specific heat, entropy etc.). The fine electronic structure calculations has been developed for the vast group of solid compounds containing transition metals<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fizyka i chemia ciała stałego.|last=J. Mulak, Z. Żołnierek:|first=|publisher=Ossolineum|year=1977|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>  and  rare earth elements [5] (group of 3d, 4d, 4f and 5f). In solid state physics, the fine electron structure is shaped by crystalline field whose effect is described using the multipolar operators defined in the convention, B. G. Wybourne'a<ref>{{Cite journal|last=B.G. Wybourne|first=|date=1970|title=Symmetry Principles and Atomic Spectroscopy.|url=|journal=New York: J. Wiley and Sons,|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> or Stevens <ref name=":0" />. Both conventions are consistent, providing a Crystal field parameters B<sup>m</sup><sub>n</sub>, B<sup>k</sup><sub>q</sub> and A<sup>m</sup><sub>n</sub>. The fine electronic structure in the material containing paramagnetic ions determines single ionic anisotropy of material and has a basic knowledge about the behavior of atoms or ions in a solid material at low to medium temperatures.
+{{Reflist}}
+[[Category:Atomic physics]]
+[[Category:Solid-state chemistry]]
+[[Category:Condensed matter physics]]