Escazú (canton): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Canton in San José province, Costa Rica}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}} |
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| name = Escazú |
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{{Expand Spanish|Cantón de Escazú|topic=geo|date=July 2024}}{{Infobox settlement |
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| native_name = |
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|name = Escazú |
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| settlement_type = [[Cantons of Costa Rica|Canton]] |
|native_name_lang = es |
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|settlement_type = [[Cantons of Costa Rica|Canton]] |
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|pushpin_map = Costa Rica San José#Costa Rica |
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|pushpin_mapsize = 300px |
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|pushpin_map_alt = Escazú canton location in San José Province##Escazú canton location in Costa Rica |
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| image_caption = |
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|pushpin_map_caption = Escazú canton location in San José Province##Escazú canton location in Costa Rica |
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| image_flag = Escazu flag.png |
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|coordinates = {{coord|9.9167075|-84.1532395|type:adm2nd_region:CR|display=inline,title}} |
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| flag_alt = |
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|image_flag = Bandera Cantón Escazú Costa Rica.svg |
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|image_seal = Escudo Cantón Escazú Costa Rica.svg |
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|image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|type=shape|title=Escazú canton}} |
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| image_shield = Escazu.canton.gif |
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|map_alt = Escazú canton |
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|map_caption = Escazú canton |
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|image_skyline = Escazú at night 2009.jpg |
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|image_alt = Escazú at night. |
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|image_caption = Escazú at night. |
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|established_title = Creation |
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|established_date = 7 December 1848 |
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|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| pushpin_map = |
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|subdivision_name = {{CRI}} |
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| pushpin_label_position = |
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|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Costa Rica|Province]] |
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| pushpin_map_alt = |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[San José Province|San José]] |
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| pushpin_map_caption = |
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|seat_type = Head city |
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|seat = [[Escazú District|Escazú]] |
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| longd = |longm = |longs = |longEW = |
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|government_type = [[Local government in Costa Rica|Municipality]] |
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| coor_pinpoint = |
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|governing_body = {{lang|es|Municipalidad de Escazú}} |
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| coordinates_type = |
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|leader_title = Mayor |
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| coordinates_display = inline,title |
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|leader_name = Orlando Esteban Umaña Umaña [[New Generation Party (Costa Rica)|(PNG)]] |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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|parts_type = [[Districts of Costa Rica|Districts]] |
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| coordinates_region = |
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|parts_style = list |
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|parts = Districts |
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|p1 = [[Escazú District|Escazú]] |
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| subdivision_type1 = Province |
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|p2 = [[San Antonio District, Escazú|San Antonio]] |
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|p3 = [[San Rafael District, Escazú|San Rafael]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = Capital |
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|area_total_km2 = 34.53 |
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| subdivision_name2 = Escazú Centro |
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|elevation_m = 1129 |
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|population_total = 56509 |
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| subdivision_name3 = 3 [[Districts of Costa Rica|districts]] |
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|population_as_of = 2011 |
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|population_est = 71500 |
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| established_date = December 7, [[1848]] |
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|pop_est_as_of = 2022 |
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|population_density_km2 = auto |
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| established_date1 = |
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|timezone1 = [[UTC−06:00]] |
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|blank_name = Canton code |
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|blank_info = 102 |
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|website = {{URL|https://www.escazu.go.cr}} |
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| government_type = [[Municipality]] |
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| leader_party = [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|PLN]] |
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| leader_title = Mayor |
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| leader_name = Arnoldo Barahona |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> |
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<!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> |
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| area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> |
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| area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> |
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| area_magnitude = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> |
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| area_note = |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_rank = |
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| area_blank1_title = |
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| area_blank2_title = |
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<!-- square kilometers --> |
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| area_total_km2 = 34.49 |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| area_urban_km2 = |
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| area_rural_km2 = |
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| area_metro_km2 = |
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| area_blank1_km2 = |
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| area_blank2_km2 = |
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<!-- hectares --> |
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| area_total_ha = |
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| area_land_ha = |
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| area_water_ha = |
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| area_urban_ha = |
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| area_rural_ha = |
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| area_metro_ha = |
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| area_blank1_ha = |
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| area_blank2_ha = |
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| length_km = |
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| width_km = |
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| dimensions_footnotes = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 1200 |
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| population_as_of = 2011 |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="Censo">{{cita web |url=http://www.cipacdh.org/pdf/Resultados_Generales_Censo_2011.pdf |formato=PDF |título=Resultados generales Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 |editorial=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos |fechaacceso=11 de febrero de 2014}}</ref> |
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| population_total = 56509 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_note = |
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| population_demonym = |
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| timezone1 = UTC |
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| utc_offset1 = |
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| timezone1_DST = |
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| utc_offset1_DST = |
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| postal_code_type = |
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| postal_code = |
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| area_code_type = |
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| area_code = |
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| iso_code = |
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| website = [http://www.escazu.go.cr Official Website] |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:Escazú.svg|thumb|Escazú canton in San José province]] |
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'''Escazú''' is the second [[Cantons of Costa Rica|canton]] in the province of [[San José Province|San José]] in Costa Rica.<ref name="divadm">{{cite web |lang=es |title=Declara oficial para efectos administrativos, la aprobación de la División Territorial Administrativa de la República N°41548-MGP |url=http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=88416&nValor3=115607¶m2=1&strTipM=TC&lResultado=1&strSim=simp |website=Sistema Costarricense de Información Jurídica |access-date=26 September 2020 |date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="dta2017">{{cite book |lang=es |title=División Territorial Administrativa de la República de Costa Rica|date=8 March 2017|publisher=Editorial Digital de la Imprenta Nacional|isbn=978-9977-58-477-5|url=https://www.imprentanacional.go.cr/editorialdigital/libros/historiaygeografia/division_17.pdf}}</ref> |
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'''Escazú''' is the name of the second [[Cantons of Costa Rica|canton]] in the province of [[San José Province|San José]] in [[Costa Rica]]. The canton covers an area of 34.49 km².<ref>[http://www.inec.go.cr/01EstadPoblacion%5C04estimacionesYproyec%5CCalculoDePoblacion/cuadros/C2.%20Poblaci%C3%B3n%20total%20cerrada%20por%20sexo,%20seg%C3%BAn%20provincia,%20cant%C3%B3n%20y%20distrito.%20Al%2030%20de%20junio/2008/C%C3%A1lculo%20al%2030%20de%20junio%20del%202008%20v2.xls Estimate of Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC), June 30, 2008.]</ref> The canton lies west of the [[San José Canton]] and its whole territory is part of [[San José Metropolitan Area]]. According to 2011 census data, its population is 56,509. <ref> http://www.inec.go.cr/A/MS/Censos/Censo%202011/Cifras%20preliminares/15.%20Resultados%20Generales%20Censo%202011.pdf </ref> |
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The canton lies west of the [[San José Canton]], and its whole territory is part of the [[Greater Metropolitan Area (Costa Rica)|Greater Metropolitan Area]]. |
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The canton was one of the earliest established in the country, in December 7, 1848. <ref>{{Cite web|title = Municipalidad de Escazú, Costa Rica - Reseña Histórica|url = http://www.escazu.go.cr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97&Itemid=242|website = www.escazu.go.cr|accessdate = 2015-12-20}}</ref> As the metropolitan area has expanded Escazú has become a suburban area on the west side of the national capital city of [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]. It is delineated by the Río Tiribí on its northern border. The peak of Cerro Cedral in the [[Cerros de Escazú]] marks the southern limit of the canton. |
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The canton was one of the country's earliest, established on December 7, 1848.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Municipalidad de Escazú, Costa Rica – Reseña Histórica|url = http://www.escazu.go.cr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97&Itemid=242|website = escazu.go.cr|access-date = 20 December 2015}}</ref> As the metropolitan area has expanded Escazú has become a suburban area on the west side of the national capital city of [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]. It is delineated by the Río Tiribí on its northern border. The peak of Cerro Cedral in the [[Cerros de Escazú]] marks the southern limit of the canton. |
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The canton's urban areas are home to 79.8% of its population. Children under the age of 10 account for 17.88% of the population, while 6.05% are over 65. |
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==Toponymy== |
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According to a 2012 [[United Nations Development Programme]], Escazú ranks as the 4th highest canton in Costa Rica in so far as human development.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Atlas del Desarrollo Humano Cantonal de Costa Rica 2012 {{!}} PNUD- UCR|url = http://www.pnud.or.cr/mapa-cantonal/desarrollo-humano.html|website = www.pnud.or.cr|accessdate = 2015-12-20}}</ref> |
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The name "Escazú" derives from the indigenous word "Izt-kat-zu", which means "resting stone". The story tells of Indians traveling from [[Aserrí (canton)|Aserrí]] (south of San José) to Pacaca (near [[Ciudad Colón]]), who used to stop and rest at this location, which was about halfway between the two villages.{{cn|date=December 2023}} |
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==History== |
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Escazú was first mentioned as a canton in a decree dated 7 December 1848.<ref name="crevoterritorial">{{cite book |last1=Hernández |first1=Hermógenes |title=Costa Rica: evolución territorial y principales censos de población 1502 - 1984 |date=1985 |publisher=Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia |location=San José |isbn=9977-64-243-5 |pages=164–173 |edition=1 |url=https://ccp.ucr.ac.cr/bvp/mapoteca/CostaRica/generales/atlas_censal/ |access-date=5 October 2020 |language=es}}</ref> |
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The canton of Escazú is subdivided into three [[Districts of Costa Rica|districts]] (''distritos''):<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.ifam.go.cr/PaginaIFAM/ifams/Descargas/CDI/Legal/Divisi%C3%B3n%20Territorial%20CR%20%20Publicado%20en%20La%20Gaceta%2026%20mayo%202009.pdf | title = División Territorial Administrativa de Costa Rica | language= Spanish | format= [[PDF]] | publisher= Instituto de Fomento y Asesoria Municipal (IFAM) | date= 5 May 2009}}</ref> |
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The first inhabitants were natives from the [[Huetar people|Guetaras]] or [[Huaca]] tribes. By 1755, villagers were ordered out of Escazú and moved to San José by force. From 1796 to 1799, the church of San Miguel was built with the cooperation of the people who had already been re-established at this site. By 1801, the population of Escazú reached 1,325. On May 28, 1920, the government of Costa Rica granted Escazú the status of City, head of the Canton (County) of Escazú. |
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===[[Escazú District|Escazú]]=== |
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[[File:Escazu Im56.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Skyline of Escazu City.]] |
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'''Escazú''', officially San Miguel de Escazú, is the capital city of the [[Cantons of Costa Rica|canton]] of [[Escazú Canton|Escazú]] in the province of [[San José Province|San José]] in [[Costa Rica]]. It is also the name of the [[Districts of Costa Rica|district]] that includes the city, a [[subnational entity]] with 14,815 inhabitants. |
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Popular legend tags Escazú as {{lang|es|La Ciudad de las Brujas}} (the City of the Witches), leading to its municipal seal, a depiction of a witch on a broomstick flying over the surrounding mountains. It has been suggested that this reputation stems from the perception of [[Crypto-Jewish]] traditions since a large number of [[Conversos]] were known to have settled in the area.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Metal |first1=Roots |title=The Witches of Escazú and Other Jewish Fairytales |date=2021 |isbn=979-8-9851054-0-7 |page=14-15}}</ref> |
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The area is inhabited primarily by upper-mid to high income families, and known in the Costa Rican [[collective consciousness]] as home to the country's economic elite. Escazu is the wealthy and most prominent city in the country catering to wealthy Americans and Europeans as well as wealthy locals. |
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The city lies at an elevation of 1,101 meters above sea level on the northeast slopes of the [[Cerros de Escazú]], 9 kilometers west of the national capital city of [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]. The climate is mostly tropical: it is not unknown for Escazú to experience rainfall on a day in which San José is dry and sunny. November and December frequently bring high winds. |
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==Landmarks== |
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''San Miguel District'' (Also known as simply ''Escazú District'' or ''Escazú Centro''), is the first of three that make up the canton. It lies in the center of this municipality, limiting west to [[Santa Ana Canton]], north to [[San Rafael District, Escazú Canton|San Rafael]] district and south to [[San Antonio District, Escazú Canton|San Antonio]] district.<ref>[http://ccp.ucr.ac.cr/bvp/mapoteca/CostaRica/generales/atlas_cantonal_1984/03-Escazu.pdf Mapa Cantonal del Censo de 1984], published by the [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica|National Institute of Statistics and Census]](INEC) and updated by the Central American Population Center (CCP)</ref> |
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Local landmarks in the canton include the Costa Rica Country Club, the Multiplaza Mall, and, more recently, Avenida Escazú. These new complexes hold some of the world's most luxurious brands in [[Multiplaza]] Mall. Escazú is also home to several diplomatic missions, including the residence of the Ambassador from the United States. |
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== Geography == |
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The district has an area of 4.38 km² and a population of 14,815 inhabitants by June 30, 2008 (3,382.42 inhabitants per km²).<ref>[http://www.inec.go.cr/01EstadPoblacion%5C04estimacionesYproyec%5CCalculoDePoblacion/cuadros/C2.%20Poblaci%C3%B3n%20total%20cerrada%20por%20sexo,%20seg%C3%BAn%20provincia,%20cant%C3%B3n%20y%20distrito.%20Al%2030%20de%20junio/2008/C%C3%A1lculo%20al%2030%20de%20junio%20del%202008%20v2.xls Población Total Cerrada por Sexo, según Provincia, Cantón y Distrito], published by the [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica|National Institute of Statistics and Census]](INEC)</ref> |
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Escazú has an area of {{Cvt|34.53|km2}}<ref name="ignarea">{{Cite web |author=Instituto Geográfico Nacional de Costa Rica |date=2024-06-20 |title=División Territorial Administrativa, 2024 – Totales de Provincias, Cantones y Distritos de Costa Rica |trans-title=Administrative Territorial Division, 2024 – Totals of Provinces, Cantons and Districts of Costa Rica |url=https://files.snitcr.go.cr/boletines/DTA-TABLA%20POR%20PROVINCIA-CANT%C3%93N-DISTRITO%202024.pdf |access-date=2024-07-16 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> and a mean elevation of {{cvt|1129|m}}.<ref name="divadm"/> |
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== Government == |
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Escazú is one of the most affluent places in Costa Rica, with many expensive restaurants and shops, and has some of the most exclusive shopping and dining venues in the country. It has new developments, like Avenida Escazu, which holds the country's first [[IMAX]] theater. Avenida Escazu is a modern outdoor mall/center. This mall has many international brands like [[Max Mara]], [[Women's Secret]], [[Cortefiel]], and [[Adolfo Dominguez]], and the country's first [[Starbucks]]. Another unique feature of Escazu is that it is home to one of the most luxurious malls in Costa Rica, |
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=== Mayor === |
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[[Multiplaza]] Escazu, with stores from large international brand names like [[Zara (retailer)|Zara]], [[Armani Exchange]], [[MNG]], [[Guess (clothing)|Guess]], [[Lacoste]], [[Tiffany and Co.]], [[Carolina Herrera (fashion designer)|Carolina Herrera]], [[Salvatore Ferragamo]], among others. |
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According to Costa Rica's [[Local government in Costa Rica|Municipal Code]], mayors are elected every four years by the population of the canton.<ref name="codmuni">{{Cite web |author=Asamblea Legislativa de la República de Costa Rica |author-link=Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica |date=13 May 2024 |title=Código Municipal |trans-title=Municipal Code |url=http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=40197 |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Sistema Costarricense de Información Jurídica |language=es}}</ref> As of the latest [[2024 Costa Rican municipal elections|municipal elections in 2024]], the [[New Generation Party (Costa Rica)|New Generation Party]] candidate, Orlando Esteban Umaña Umaña, was elected mayor of the canton with 30.28% of the votes, with Ligia Hernández Rojas and Sylvia Alpizar Antillón as first and second vice mayors, respectively.<ref name="2024alcdec">{{Cite web |author=Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones |author-link=Supreme Electoral Court of Costa Rica |date=21 February 2024 |title=N.° 1658-E11-2024 - Declaratoria de elección de alcaldías y vicealcaldías de las municipalidades de los cantones de la provincia de San José, para el período comprendido entre el primero de mayo de dos mil veinticuatro y el treinta de abril de dos mil veintiocho. |url=https://www.tse.go.cr/juris/relevantes/1658-E11-2024.html |access-date=21 July 2024 |language=es}}</ref> |
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Many locations in the city are prized for their scenic outlooks. This zone is one of the most developed parts in the metropolitan area, populated by families with high incomes. Escazú contains many [[apartment]] blocks and residential areas. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto" |
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Over the past couple of decades, Escazú has become an expatriate enclave: several embassies have their residences located here, including the residence of the US Ambassador, Dutch, British, German, Canadian, and South Korean Ambassadors. The past few years have seen a significant influx of newly arrived foreigners from North America, South America and Europe. It is home to many bars and restaurants, especially those of the more ''chic'' (and expensive) variety. Rents and prices reflect this and Escazú is one of the most well-known upscale locations in Costa Rica.<ref>http://karenrealestate.com/san-jose/escazu/</ref> The city offers many venues that are English speaking oriented like movie theaters, health clinics, business centers and a luxury country club. |
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|+ Mayors of Escazú since the [[2002 Costa Rican municipal elections|2002 elections]]<ref name="decs">{{Cite web |author=Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones |author-link=Supreme Electoral Court of Costa Rica |title=Resoluciones declaratorias de elección |url=https://www.tse.go.cr/declaratorias.htm |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones |language=es}}</ref> |
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!Period |
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!Name |
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!Party |
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|- |
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|[[2002 Costa Rican municipal elections|2002–2006]] |
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| rowspan="2" |Marco Antonio Segura Seco |
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| rowspan="2" |[[File:Bandera de Partido Liberación Nacional.svg|border|frameless|upright=.1]] [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|PLN]] |
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|- |
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|[[2006 Costa Rican municipal elections|2006–2010]] |
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|- |
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|[[2010 Costa Rican municipal elections|2010–2016]] |
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| rowspan="3" |Arnoldo Valentín Barahona Cortés |
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| rowspan="2" |[[File:Bandera Partido Yunta Progresista Escazuceña Costa Rica.svg|border|frameless|upright=.1]] [[Escazu's Progressive Yoke|YUNTA]] |
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|- |
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|[[2016 Costa Rican municipal elections|2016–2020]] |
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|- |
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|[[2020 Costa Rican municipal elections|2020–2024]] |
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| rowspan="2" |[[File:Bandera Partido Nueva Generación Costa Rica.svg|border|frameless|upright=.1]] [[New Generation Party (Costa Rica)|PNG]] |
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|- |
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|[[2024 Costa Rican municipal elections|2024–2028]] |
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|Orlando Esteban Umaña Umaña |
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|} |
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=== Municipal Council === |
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The football soccer club [[Brujas F.C.]] was born here.The name of the team "Brujas" is a reference to the nickname of the city "La ciudad de las brujas" (The City of the Witches). However, the team moved in 2009 to [[Desamparados]]. |
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Like the mayor and vice mayors, members of the Municipal Council (called {{lang|es|regidores}}) are elected every four years. Escazú's Municipal Council has 7 seats for regidores and their substitutes, who can participate in meetings but not vote unless the owning regidor ({{Lang|es|regidor propietario}}) is absent.<ref name="codmuni" /> The current president of the Municipal Council is the Terra Escazú regidor Mario Arce Guillén, with [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] member Silvia Quesada Marcela Zamora as vice president.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Concejo Municipal de Escazú |date=13 May 2024 |title=ACTA 02-2024 Sesión Ordinaria 02 |url=https://www.escazu.go.cr/sites/default/files/Documentos/acta_02-24_ord._02-24_13-05-2024_0.pdf |access-date=21 July 2024 |language=es}}</ref> The Municipal Council's composition for the 2024–2028 period is as follows: |
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{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;" |
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===[[San Antonio District, Escazú|San Antonio]]=== |
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|+ Current composition of the Municipal Council of Escazú after the [[2024 Costa Rican municipal elections|2024 municipal elections]]<ref name="2024regdec">{{Cite web |author=Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones |author-link=Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica |date=12 February 2024 |title=N.° 2218-E11-2024 - Declaratoria de elección de regidurías de las municipalidades de los cantones de la provincia de San José, para el período comprendido entre el primero de mayo de dos mil veinticuatro y el treinta de abril de dos mil veintiocho. |url=https://www.tse.go.cr/juris/relevantes/2218-E11-2024.html |access-date=21 July 2024 |language=es}}</ref> |
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===[[San Rafael District, Escazú|San Rafael]]=== |
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|- |
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| colspan="6" |[[File:Costa_Rica_Escazú_Concejo_Municipal_2024.svg|frameless|center]] |
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|- |
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! colspan="6" |'''Political parties in the Municipal Council of Escazú''' |
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|----- |
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! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Political party |
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! colspan="3" |Regidores |
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|- |
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!№ |
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!Owner |
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!Substitute |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" |[[File:Bandera Partido Nueva Generación Costa Rica.svg|border|frameless|upright=.2]] |
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| rowspan="2" |[[New Generation Party (Costa Rica)|New Generation Party]] (PNG) |
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| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#DE7324" | |
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| rowspan="2" |2 |
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|José Campos Quesada |
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|Geovanni Andrés Vargas Delgado |
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|- |
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|Sigrid Miller Esquivel |
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|Ana María Barrenechea Soto |
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|----- |
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|[[File:Bandera Partido Unidos Podemos CR.svg|border|frameless|upright=.2]] |
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|[[United We Can]] (UP) |
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| bgcolor="#823D8D" | |
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| 1 |
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|Laura Fonseca Herrera |
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|Seydi Vargas Rojas |
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|----- |
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|[[File:Bandera Partido Unidos Por Escazú CR.svg|border|frameless|upright=.2]] |
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|United for Escazú (UPES) |
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| bgcolor="#00758F" | |
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| 1 |
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|Ricardo López Granados |
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|James Eduardo Chacón Castro |
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|- |
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|[[File:Bandera Partido Terra Escazú Costa Rica.svg|border|frameless|upright=.2]] |
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|Terra Escazú (TE) |
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| bgcolor="#773D0B" | |
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|1 |
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|Mario Arce Guillén<sup>(P)</sup> |
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|Manuel Flores Fernández |
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|- |
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|[[File:Bandera Partido Yunta Progresista Escazuceña Costa Rica.svg|border|frameless|upright=.2]] |
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|[[Escazu's Progressive Yoke|Escazú's Progressive Yoke]] (YUNTA) |
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| bgcolor="#808080" | |
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|1 |
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|Adriana Solís Araya |
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|Doris Mayela Agüero Córdoba |
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|- |
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|[[File:Bandera de Partido Liberación Nacional.svg|border|frameless|upright=.2]] |
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|[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] (PLN) |
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| bgcolor="#14A54E" | |
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|1 |
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|Silvia Marcela Quesada Zamora<sup>(VP)</sup> |
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|Silvia María Castro Mendoza |
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|} |
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== |
==Districts== |
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The canton of Escazú is subdivided into three [[Districts of Costa Rica|districts]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifam.go.cr/PaginaIFAM/ifams/Descargas/CDI/Legal/Divisi%C3%B3n%20Territorial%20CR%20%20Publicado%20en%20La%20Gaceta%2026%20mayo%202009.pdf |title=División Territorial Administrativa de Costa Rica |language=es |publisher=Instituto de Fomento y Asesoria Municipal (IFAM) |date=May 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802162747/http://www.ifam.go.cr/PaginaIFAM/ifams/Descargas/CDI/Legal/Divisi%C3%B3n%20Territorial%20CR%20%20Publicado%20en%20La%20Gaceta%2026%20mayo%202009.pdf |archive-date=August 2, 2015 }}</ref> |
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Escazú was first mentioned as a canton in a decree dated December 7, 1848. |
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* [[Escazú (district)|Escazú]] |
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The name "Escazú" derives from the indigenous word "Izt-kat-zu", which means "resting stone". The story tells of Indians traveling from [[Aserri]] (south of San Jose) to Pacaca (near Ciudad Colon), who used to stop and rest at this location, which was about half way between the two villages. The first inhabitants were natives from the [[Guetaras]] or [[Huaca]] tribes. By 1755, villagers were ordered out of Escazú and moved to San José by force. From 1796 to 1799 the church of San Miguel was built with the cooperation of the people that had already re-established at this site. By 1801 the population of Escazú reached 1,325. On May 28, 1920, the government of Costa Rica granted Escazú the status of City, head of the Canton (County) of Escazú. |
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* [[San Antonio District, Escazú|San Antonio]] |
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* [[San Rafael District, Escazú|San Rafael]] |
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== Demographics == |
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Popular legend tags Escazú as ''La Ciudad de las Brujas'' (the City of the Witches), leading to its municipal seal, a depiction of a witch on a broomstick flying over the surrounding mountains. |
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{{CR Census population}} |
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Escazú had an estimated {{formatnum:71500}} residents in 2022, up from {{formatnum:56509}} for the [[Costa Rica 2011 Census|2011 census]].<ref name="2022popest">{{Cite web |author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos |author-link=National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica |date=2023 |title=Resultados Estimacion de Poblacion y Vivienda 2022 |trans-title=2022 Population and Housing Estimate Results |url=https://admin.inec.cr/sites/default/files/2023-11/reResultadosEstimacionPoblacionVivienda2022_3.xlsx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604233425/https://admin.inec.cr/sites/default/files/2023-11/reResultadosEstimacionPoblacionVivienda2022_3.xlsx |archive-date=2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-04-21 |language=es |format=XLSX}}</ref><ref name="censo2011">{{cite web |lang=es |title=Censo. 2011. Población total por zona y sexo, según provincia, cantón y distrito |url=https://www.inec.cr/censos/censos-2011 |website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos |access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref> |
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The canton's urban areas are home to 79.8% of its population. Children under ten account for 17.88% of the population, while 6.05% are over 65. |
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==Landmarks== |
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Local landmarks in the canton include the Costa Rica Country Club, the Multi Plaza Mall, and more recently, Avenida Escazú. These new complexes hold some of the worlds most luxurious brands in [[Multiplaza]] Mall. Escazú is also home to several diplomatic missions, including the residence of the Ambassador from the United States. |
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According to a publication by the [[United Nations Development Programme]], Escazú ranked as the 2nd highest canton in Costa Rica regarding [[Human Development Index|human development]] in 2022, with a score of {{formatnum:0.867}}, only behind [[Santa Ana (canton)|Santa Ana]].<ref name="" 2022hdi"="">{{Cite web |author=Sistema Nacional de Información y Registro Único de Beneficiarios del Estado |author2=Escuela de Estadística de la Universidad de Costa Rica |author-link2=University of Costa Rica |author3=Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo |author-link3=United Nations Development Programme |date=9 June 2023 |title=Atlas de Desarrollo Humano Cantonal en Costa Rica, 2022 |url=http://www.pnud.or.cr/mapa-cantonal/desarrollo-humano.html |access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref> |
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== Transportation == |
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=== Road transportation === |
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The following road routes cover the canton: |
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{{columns-list| |
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*[[File:CR RNP 27.svg|25px]] [[National Route 27 (Costa Rica)|National Route 27]] |
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*[[File:CR RNS 105.svg|25px]] [[National Route 105 (Costa Rica)|National Route 105]] |
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*[[File:CR RNS 121.svg|25px]] [[National Route 121 (Costa Rica)|National Route 121]] |
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*[[File:CR RNS 167.svg|25px]] [[National Route 167 (Costa Rica)|National Route 167]] |
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*[[File:CR RNS 177.svg|25px]] [[National Route 177 (Costa Rica)|National Route 177]] |
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*[[File:CR RNT 310.svg|25px]] [[National Route 310 (Costa Rica)|National Route 310]] |
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}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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<references /> |
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{{Provinces and cantons of Costa Rica}} |
{{Provinces and cantons of Costa Rica}} |
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{{coord|9|55|N|84|08|W|type:adm2nd_source:itwiki|display=title}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Escazu Canton}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Escazu Canton}} |
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[[Category:Cantons of San José Province]] |
[[Category:Cantons of San José Province]] |
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[[Category:Cantons of Costa Rica]] |
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[[Category:Greater Metropolitan Area (Costa Rica)]] |
[[Category:Greater Metropolitan Area (Costa Rica)]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:51, 7 August 2024
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (July 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Escazú | |
|---|---|
 Escazú at night. | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Escazú canton | |
  Escazú Escazú canton location in San José Province  Escazú Escazú canton location in Costa Rica | |
| Coordinates: 9°55′00″N 84°09′12″W / 9.9167075°N 84.1532395°W | |
| Country |  Costa Rica |
| Province | San José |
| Creation | 7 December 1848 |
| Head city | Escazú |
| Districts | Districts |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Municipalidad de Escazú |
| • Mayor | Orlando Esteban Umaña Umaña (PNG) |
| Area | |
• Total | 34.53 km2 (13.33 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,129 m (3,704 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 56,509 |
• Estimate (2022) | 71,500 |
| • Density | 1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−06:00 |
| Canton code | 102 |
| Website | www |
Escazú is the second canton in the province of San José in Costa Rica.[1][2]
The canton lies west of the San José Canton, and its whole territory is part of the Greater Metropolitan Area.
The canton was one of the country's earliest, established on December 7, 1848.[3] As the metropolitan area has expanded Escazú has become a suburban area on the west side of the national capital city of San José. It is delineated by the Río Tiribí on its northern border. The peak of Cerro Cedral in the Cerros de Escazú marks the southern limit of the canton.
Toponymy
[edit]The name "Escazú" derives from the indigenous word "Izt-kat-zu", which means "resting stone". The story tells of Indians traveling from Aserrí (south of San José) to Pacaca (near Ciudad Colón), who used to stop and rest at this location, which was about halfway between the two villages.[citation needed]
History
[edit]Escazú was first mentioned as a canton in a decree dated 7 December 1848.[4]
The first inhabitants were natives from the Guetaras or Huaca tribes. By 1755, villagers were ordered out of Escazú and moved to San José by force. From 1796 to 1799, the church of San Miguel was built with the cooperation of the people who had already been re-established at this site. By 1801, the population of Escazú reached 1,325. On May 28, 1920, the government of Costa Rica granted Escazú the status of City, head of the Canton (County) of Escazú.
Popular legend tags Escazú as La Ciudad de las Brujas (the City of the Witches), leading to its municipal seal, a depiction of a witch on a broomstick flying over the surrounding mountains. It has been suggested that this reputation stems from the perception of Crypto-Jewish traditions since a large number of Conversos were known to have settled in the area.[5]
Landmarks
[edit]Local landmarks in the canton include the Costa Rica Country Club, the Multiplaza Mall, and, more recently, Avenida Escazú. These new complexes hold some of the world's most luxurious brands in Multiplaza Mall. Escazú is also home to several diplomatic missions, including the residence of the Ambassador from the United States.
Geography
[edit]Escazú has an area of 34.53 km2 (13.33 sq mi)[6] and a mean elevation of 1,129 m (3,704 ft).[1]
Government
[edit]Mayor
[edit]According to Costa Rica's Municipal Code, mayors are elected every four years by the population of the canton.[7] As of the latest municipal elections in 2024, the New Generation Party candidate, Orlando Esteban Umaña Umaña, was elected mayor of the canton with 30.28% of the votes, with Ligia Hernández Rojas and Sylvia Alpizar Antillón as first and second vice mayors, respectively.[8]
| Period | Name | Party |
|---|---|---|
| 2002–2006 | Marco Antonio Segura Seco |  PLN
|
| 2006–2010 | ||
| 2010–2016 | Arnoldo Valentín Barahona Cortés |  YUNTA
|
| 2016–2020 | ||
| 2020–2024 |  PNG
| |
| 2024–2028 | Orlando Esteban Umaña Umaña |
Municipal Council
[edit]Like the mayor and vice mayors, members of the Municipal Council (called regidores) are elected every four years. Escazú's Municipal Council has 7 seats for regidores and their substitutes, who can participate in meetings but not vote unless the owning regidor (regidor propietario) is absent.[7] The current president of the Municipal Council is the Terra Escazú regidor Mario Arce Guillén, with National Liberation Party member Silvia Quesada Marcela Zamora as vice president.[10] The Municipal Council's composition for the 2024–2028 period is as follows:
 | |||||
| Political parties in the Municipal Council of Escazú | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Regidores | ||||
| № | Owner | Substitute | |||
|
|
New Generation Party (PNG) | 2 | José Campos Quesada | Geovanni Andrés Vargas Delgado | |
| Sigrid Miller Esquivel | Ana María Barrenechea Soto | ||||
|
United We Can (UP) | 1 | Laura Fonseca Herrera | Seydi Vargas Rojas | |
|
United for Escazú (UPES) | 1 | Ricardo López Granados | James Eduardo Chacón Castro | |
|
Terra Escazú (TE) | 1 | Mario Arce Guillén(P) | Manuel Flores Fernández | |
|
|
Escazú's Progressive Yoke (YUNTA) | 1 | Adriana Solís Araya | Doris Mayela Agüero Córdoba | |
|
|
National Liberation Party (PLN) | 1 | Silvia Marcela Quesada Zamora(VP) | Silvia María Castro Mendoza | |
Districts
[edit]The canton of Escazú is subdivided into three districts:[12]
Demographics
[edit]| Census | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1864 | 8,760 | — |
| 1883 | 5,550 | −2.37% |
| 1892 | 6,522 | +1.81% |
| 1927 | 5,113 | −0.69% |
| 1950 | 7,141 | +1.46% |
| 1963 | 14,250 | +5.46% |
| 1973 | 25,026 | +5.79% |
| 1984 | 33,101 | +2.57% |
| 2000 | 52,372 | +2.91% |
| 2011 | 56,509 | +0.69% |
| 2022 | 71,500 | +2.16% |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos[13] Centro Centroamericano de Población[14] | ||
Escazú had an estimated 71,500 residents in 2022, up from 56,509 for the 2011 census.[15][16]
The canton's urban areas are home to 79.8% of its population. Children under ten account for 17.88% of the population, while 6.05% are over 65.
According to a publication by the United Nations Development Programme, Escazú ranked as the 2nd highest canton in Costa Rica regarding human development in 2022, with a score of 0.867, only behind Santa Ana.[17]
Transportation
[edit]Road transportation
[edit]The following road routes cover the canton:
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Declara oficial para efectos administrativos, la aprobación de la División Territorial Administrativa de la República N°41548-MGP". Sistema Costarricense de Información Jurídica (in Spanish). March 19, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
- ^ División Territorial Administrativa de la República de Costa Rica (PDF) (in Spanish). Editorial Digital de la Imprenta Nacional. March 8, 2017. ISBN 978-9977-58-477-5.
- ^ "Municipalidad de Escazú, Costa Rica – Reseña Histórica". escazu.go.cr. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- ^ Hernández, Hermógenes (1985). Costa Rica: evolución territorial y principales censos de población 1502 - 1984 (in Spanish) (1 ed.). San José: Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia. pp. 164–173. ISBN 9977-64-243-5. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
- ^ Metal, Roots (2021). The Witches of Escazú and Other Jewish Fairytales. p. 14-15. ISBN 979-8-9851054-0-7.
- ^ Instituto Geográfico Nacional de Costa Rica (June 20, 2024). "División Territorial Administrativa, 2024 – Totales de Provincias, Cantones y Distritos de Costa Rica" [Administrative Territorial Division, 2024 – Totals of Provinces, Cantons and Districts of Costa Rica] (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved July 16, 2024.
- ^ a b Asamblea Legislativa de la República de Costa Rica (May 13, 2024). "Código Municipal" [Municipal Code]. Sistema Costarricense de Información Jurídica (in Spanish). Retrieved July 21, 2024.
- ^ Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (February 21, 2024). "N.° 1658-E11-2024 - Declaratoria de elección de alcaldías y vicealcaldías de las municipalidades de los cantones de la provincia de San José, para el período comprendido entre el primero de mayo de dos mil veinticuatro y el treinta de abril de dos mil veintiocho" (in Spanish). Retrieved July 21, 2024.
- ^ Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. "Resoluciones declaratorias de elección". Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (in Spanish). Retrieved July 21, 2024.
- ^ Concejo Municipal de Escazú (May 13, 2024). "ACTA 02-2024 Sesión Ordinaria 02" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved July 21, 2024.
- ^ Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (February 12, 2024). "N.° 2218-E11-2024 - Declaratoria de elección de regidurías de las municipalidades de los cantones de la provincia de San José, para el período comprendido entre el primero de mayo de dos mil veinticuatro y el treinta de abril de dos mil veintiocho" (in Spanish). Retrieved July 21, 2024.
- ^ "División Territorial Administrativa de Costa Rica" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto de Fomento y Asesoria Municipal (IFAM). May 5, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 2, 2015.
- ^ "Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos" (in Spanish).
- ^ Centro Centroamericano de Población de la Universidad de Costa Rica. "Sistema de Consulta a Bases de Datos Estadísticas" (in Spanish).
- ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (2023). "Resultados Estimacion de Poblacion y Vivienda 2022" [2022 Population and Housing Estimate Results] (XLSX) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 4, 2024. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
- ^ "Censo. 2011. Población total por zona y sexo, según provincia, cantón y distrito". Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (in Spanish). Retrieved September 26, 2020.
- ^ Sistema Nacional de Información y Registro Único de Beneficiarios del Estado; Escuela de Estadística de la Universidad de Costa Rica; Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (June 9, 2023). "Atlas de Desarrollo Humano Cantonal en Costa Rica, 2022". Retrieved July 21, 2024.
