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{{short description|Linux distribution by Fedora Project}}
{{Infobox_OS |
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
name = Fedora Core |
{{Infobox OS
logo = [[image:Fedoralogo.png|150px]] |
| name = Fedora Linux
screenshot = <!-- Do NOT change the screenshot unless there is BIG change in the UI. When taking screenshot, please resize your window (e.g. 640*480), disable your extensions and use the default theme. -->[[image:Fedora Core 5 desktop.png|250px]] |
| logo = Fedora logo (2021).svg
caption = Fedora Core 5 running [[GNOME]] <!-- '''Yes''', this is GNOME. See the talk page. --> |
developer = [[Fedora Project]] |
| screenshot = Fedora 41 Workstation.png
| caption = Fedora Workstation 41
family = [[Linux]] |
source_model = [[Open source]] |
| developer = [[Fedora Project]]
| family = [[Linux]] ([[Unix-like]])
working_state = Current |
| working state = Current
latest_release_version = Core 5 <!-- If you update this, don't forget to update [[Comparison of Linux distributions]]--> |
| source model = [[Open source]]
latest_release_date = [[March 20]], [[2006]] |
| released = {{Start date and age|2003|11|04}}<ref>{{cite mailing list | url=https://archive.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/core/1/i386/iso/ | title=Archived Fedora Core 1 ISO first release | date=4 November 2003 | access-date=21 May 2024 | archive-date=19 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135108/https://archive.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/core/1/i386/iso/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel]] |
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|preferred|edit|Q48267|P348|P548=Q2804309}}<ref name="fedora_release">{{Cite web|date=7 November 2023|title=Fedora Linux 39 is officially here!|url=https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-linux-39/|access-date=10 December 2023|website=Fedora Magazine|language=en-US|archive-date=10 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110121451/https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-linux-39/|url-status=live}}</ref>
ui = [[GNOME]] |
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|Q48267|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}}}<ref name="fedora_release"/>
license = Various |
| latest preview version = 41 Beta
website = [http://fedoraproject.org fedoraproject.org] |
| latest preview date = {{Start date and age|2024|9|17|df=yes|paren=yes}}
updatemodel = [[Yellow dog Updater, Modified|Yum]] |
| repo = {{URL|https://src.fedoraproject.org/}}
package_manager = [[RPM Package Manager]] |
| marketing target = [[Desktop computer]]s, [[server (computing)|server]]s, [[supercomputer]]s
supported_platforms = [[i386]], [[AMD64]], [[PowerPC]]
| package manager = [[RPM Package Manager|RPM]] ([[DNF (software)|DNF]]), [[Flatpak]], [[OSTree]]
| supported platforms = * Primary: [[x86-64]], [[armhf]], [[AArch64]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-28/|title=Announcing the release of Fedora 28|date=1 May 2018|website=Fedora Magazine|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725231417/https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-28/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Alternative: [[mips64el]], [[mipsel]], [[ppc64le]], [[RISC-V]], [[s390x]]<ref name="Architectures">{{cite web | url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures | title=Architectures | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=22 March 2018 | archive-date=14 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714195006/http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | access-date=22 March 2018 | url=https://alt.fedoraproject.org/alt/ | title=alt architectures | archive-date=14 December 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214083748/https://alt.fedoraproject.org/alt/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
| kernel_type = [[monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]])
| userland = [[GNU Core Utilities|GNU]]
| ui = [[GNOME Shell]], [[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]]
| license = [[GNU GPL|GPL]] and various free software licenses, plus proprietary firmware files<ref name="licensing">{{cite web | url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Licensing:FAQ#Does_Fedora_permit_anything_under_.22Non-Free.22_licensing.3F | title=Frequently Asked Questions about Fedora Licensing | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=27 March 2014 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906122645/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Licensing:FAQ#Does_Fedora_permit_anything_under_.22Non-Free.22_licensing.3F | url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Fedora Core''' is an [[RPM Package Manager|RPM]]-based [[Linux distribution]], developed by the community-supported [[Fedora Project]] and sponsored by [[Red Hat]]. The name derives from Red Hat's characteristic [[fedora (hat)|fedora]] used in its "Shadowman" logo. However, the Fedora community project had existed as a volunteer group providing extra software for the [[Red Hat Linux]] distribution before Red Hat got involved as a direct sponsor.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://web.archive.org/web/20030219051938/www.fedora.us/fedora.html | title=Fedora Network Proposal | accessdate=2006-07-28}}</ref>


'''Fedora Linux'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Changes/Fedora Linux in os-release - Fedora Project Wiki|url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Fedora_Linux_in_os-release|access-date=28 September 2021|website=fedoraproject.org|quote=When used by itself, the term "Fedora" refers to the Fedora Project. When referring to our work, please use either a specific name like Fedora Workstation, Fedora CoreOS, or Fedora KDE Plasma Desktop; or use Fedora Linux to refer to the OS distribution as a whole.|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928175208/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Fedora_Linux_in_os-release|url-status=live}}</ref> is a [[Linux distribution]] developed by the [[Fedora Project]]. It was originally developed in 2003 as a continuation of the [[Red Hat Linux]] project. It contains software distributed under various [[free and open-source]] licenses and aims to be on the leading edge of open-source technologies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.slashdot.org/story/06/08/17/177220/fedora-project-leader-max-spevack-responds | title=Fedora Project Leader Max Spevack Responds | last1=Spevack | first1=Max | date=18 August 2006 | website=Slashdot | access-date=17 December 2006 | archive-date=9 February 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209221539/http://slashdot.org/story/06/08/17/177220/fedora-project-leader-max-spevack-responds | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/objectives/ | title=Objectives | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=12 February 2007 | archive-date=16 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031747/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/objectives/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/3143141/linux/fedora-25-stakes-out-leading-edge-not-bleeding-edge.html |title=Fedora 25 stakes out leading edge, not bleeding edge |date=22 November 2016 |last=Yegulalp |first=Serdar |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728202511/http://www.infoworld.com/article/3143141/linux/fedora-25-stakes-out-leading-edge-not-bleeding-edge.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is now the [[upstream (software development)|upstream]] source for [[CentOS Stream]] and [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux :: Fedora Docs|url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/fedora-and-red-hat-enterprise-linux/|access-date=26 December 2021|website=docs.fedoraproject.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CentOS Stream |url=https://www.centos.org/centos-stream/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.centos.org |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135104/https://www.centos.org/centos-stream/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Fedora aims to be a complete, general-purpose [[operating system]] built from [[open source software]]. Fedora is designed to be easily installed and configured with a simple graphical installer and the 'system-config' suite of configuration tools. The installation system includes an option to use GNU GRUB, a boot loader, facilitating the use of Fedora in conjunction with another operating system. Packages and their dependencies can be easily downloaded and installed with the [[Yellow dog Updater, Modified|yum]] utility. New releases of Fedora come out every six to eight months.


Since the release of Fedora 21 in December 2014, three editions have been made available: [[personal computer]], [[server (computing)|server]] and [[cloud computing]]. This was expanded to five editions for [[Containerization (computing)|containerization]] and [[Internet of Things]] (IoT) as of the release of Fedora 37 in November 2022.<ref name="arstechnica fedora21">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/01/fedora-21-review-linuxs-sprawliest-distro-finds-a-new-focus/ |title=Fedora 21 review: Linux's sprawliest distro finds a new focus |last=Gilbertson |first=Scott |date=16 January 2015 |publisher=ArsTechnica.com |access-date=15 July 2017 |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130114711/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/01/fedora-21-review-linuxs-sprawliest-distro-finds-a-new-focus/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="official website">{{cite web|url=https://getfedora.org/|title=Fedora|access-date=18 February 2023|archive-date=6 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106140006/https://getfedora.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> A new version of Fedora Linux is released every six months.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fedora Linux Releases|url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/releases/|url-status=live|publisher=Fedora Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831003744/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/releases/ |archive-date=Aug 31, 2023 }}</ref>
The name Fedora Core distinguishes the main Fedora packages from those of the [[Fedora Extras]] project, which provides add-ons to Fedora Core.


<!-- Please don't (re)move the following mention of Linus Torvalds. It is here because of WP:LEAD which states "Consideration should be given to creating interest in the article." A high profile user such as Linus Torvalds certainly creates interest. -->
Fedora was derived from the original [[Red Hat Linux]] distribution. The project envisages that conventional Linux home users will use Fedora Core, and intends that it replace the consumer distributions of Red Hat Linux. Support for Fedora comes from the greater community (although Red Hat staff work on it, Red Hat does not provide official support for Fedora).
{{As of|2016|February}}, Fedora Linux has an estimated 1.2 million users,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3038353/linux/fedora-project-leader-matthew-miller-reveals-whats-in-store-for-fedora-in-2016.html | title=Fedora project leader Matthew Miller reveals what's in store for Fedora in 2016 | date=26 February 2016 | last1=Hoffman | first1=Chris | website=PC World | publisher=International Data Group | access-date=1 March 2016 | archive-date=1 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301073628/http://www.pcworld.com/article/3038353/linux/fedora-project-leader-matthew-miller-reveals-whats-in-store-for-fedora-in-2016.html | url-status=live }}</ref> and is also the distribution used by [[Linus Torvalds]], creator of the [[Linux kernel]] ({{As of|2020|May|lc=yes}}).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tuxradar.com/content/interview-linus-torvalds-linux-format-163 | title=Interview with Linus Torvalds from Linux Format 163 | date=29 November 2012 | website=TuxRadar | publisher=Linux Format | access-date=4 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119045740/http://www.tuxradar.com/content/interview-linus-torvalds-linux-format-163 | archive-date=19 January 2014 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://plus.google.com/+LinusTorvalds/posts/Wh3qTjMMbLC | title=The merge window being over, and things being calm made me think I should try upgrading to F21 | date=30 December 2014 | website=[[Google+]] | last=Torvalds | first=Linus | author-link=Linus Torvalds | access-date=3 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809144221/https://plus.google.com/+LinusTorvalds/posts/Wh3qTjMMbLC | archive-date=9 August 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }} {{cite web | url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Torvalds/comments/2qzbyq/linus_upgrades_to_fc21_over_the_holidays/ | title=Full quote from working link | website=[[Reddit]] | date=January 2015 | access-date=20 April 2020 | archive-date=19 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119050605/https://www.reddit.com/r/Torvalds/comments/2qzbyq/linus_upgrades_to_fc21_over_the_holidays/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/look-whats-inside-linus-torvalds-latest-linux-development-pc/ |title=Look what's inside Linus Torvalds' latest Linux development PC |author=Vaughan-Nichols, Stephen J. |publisher=[[ZDNet]] |date=27 May 2020 |access-date=8 January 2021 |archive-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106010901/https://www.zdnet.com/article/look-whats-inside-linus-torvalds-latest-linux-development-pc/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


== Features ==
Fedora is sometimes called '''Fedora Linux''', though this is not actually the official name.
Fedora has a reputation for focusing on innovation, integrating new technologies early on and working closely with [[Upstream (software development)|upstream]] Linux communities.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Staying_close_to_upstream_projects | title=Staying close to upstream projects | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=24 May 2015 | archive-date=5 August 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805082914/http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Staying_close_to_upstream_projects | url-status=live }}</ref> Making changes upstream instead of specifically for Fedora Linux ensures that the changes are available to all [[Linux distribution]]s.


Fedora Linux has a relatively short life cycle: Each version is usually supported for at least 13 months, where version {{var|X}} is supported only until 1 month after version {{var|X}}+2 is released and with approximately 6 months between most versions.<ref name="Fedora Release Life Cycle">{{cite web | url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_Release_Life_Cycle | title=Fedora Release Life Cycle | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=25 March 2014 | archive-date=14 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714051350/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_Release_Life_Cycle | url-status=live }}</ref> Fedora users can upgrade from version to version without reinstalling.<ref name="FedUp">{{cite web | url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FedUp | title=FedUp | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=25 March 2014 | archive-date=25 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325165842/http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FedUp | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Fedora Project">{{cite web | url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/23/html/Release_Notes/sect-Release_Notes-Changes_for_Sysadmin.html | title=Fedora 23 Release Notes: 3.2.4. System Upgrades with DNF | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=1 October 2015 | archive-date=2 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002160157/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/23/html/Release_Notes/sect-Release_Notes-Changes_for_Sysadmin.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
==Features==
*Fedora Core uses [[GNOME]] as its default desktop environment. The Fedora developers' attention to usability improvements in the GNOME codebase has meant that they have on occasions backported improvements such as the no-focus-steal feature in GNOME, for Fedora Core&nbsp;4 {{cite needed}}.
*Many of the administration tools in Fedora Core are written in [[Python programming language|Python]] - an [[Object-oriented programming|object oriented]] [[scripting language]].


The default [[desktop environment]] is [[GNOME]], and the default user interface is the [[GNOME Shell]]. Other desktop environments are available, including [[KDE Plasma 6|KDE Plasma]], [[Xfce]], [[LXQt]], [[LXDE]], [[MATE (desktop environment)|MATE]], [[Cinnamon (user interface)|Cinnamon]], and [[Budgie (desktop environment)|Budgie]] as well as window managers including [[i3 (window manager)|i3]], and [[Sway (window manager)|Sway]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/01/installing-the-mate-and-cinnamon-desktops-on-fedora-18/ | title=How to install the MATE and Cinnamon desktops on Fedora 18 | last=Brodkin | first=Jon | publisher=Ars Technica | date=15 January 2013 | access-date=15 January 2013 | archive-date=17 January 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117223625/http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/01/installing-the-mate-and-cinnamon-desktops-on-fedora-18/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="deepin">{{cite web |last1=Mutai |first1=Josphat |title=Install Deepin Desktop Environment on Fedora 30 |url=https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-deepin-desktop-environment-on-fedora/ |website=Computing for Geeks |access-date=25 June 2019 |date=2 May 2019 |archive-date=25 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625021431/https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-deepin-desktop-environment-on-fedora/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Versions==
[[Image:Fedora Core 4 desktop.png|thumb|Fedora Core 4]]


A [[Live USB|live media]] drive can be created using [[Fedora Media Writer]] or the [[Dd (Unix)|dd]] command,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/26/html/Installation_Guide/sect-preparing-boot-media.html | title=Preparing Boot Media | publisher=[[Red Hat]] | access-date=30 July 2017 | archive-date=30 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730110255/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/26/html/Installation_Guide/sect-preparing-boot-media.html | url-status=live }}</ref> allowing users to try Fedora Linux without writing any changes to their hard drives.
=== Stable Releases ===
On [[March 20]], [[2006]], Fedora Core 5 (FC5, release name ''[[Bordeaux]]'') was released. It includes [[GNOME]]&nbsp;2.14, [[KDE]]&nbsp;3.5.1, [[Xorg]]&nbsp;7.0, [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]]&nbsp;4.1, version&nbsp;2.6.16 of the [[Linux kernel]], and, for the first time, the [[Mono (software)|Mono development platform]]. Mono has not been previously included due to the extent of Microsoft's patent claims being unclear.<!-- AND WHAT HAS CHANGED NOW?! -->


=== Package management ===
{| class="wikitable"
Most Fedora Linux editions use the [[RPM Package Manager|RPM]] [[package management system]] and [[DNF (software)|DNF]] as a tool to manage installed software.<ref name="lwn580223">{{cite web|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/580223/|title=DNF and Yum in Fedora|last=Edge|first=Jake|publisher=[[LWN.net]]|date=15 January 2014|access-date=29 March 2015|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930225233/https://lwn.net/Articles/580223/|url-status=live}}</ref> DNF uses libsolv, an external dependency resolver.<ref name="lwn580223" /> [[Flatpak]] is also included by default.
|+ '''Fedora Core'''
|-----
! Version
! Name
! Date
|-
| 1 || Yarrow || align="left" | [[November 6]] [[2003]]
|-
| 2 || Tettnang || align="left" | [[May 18]] [[2004]]
|-
| 3 || Heidelberg || align="left" | [[November 8]] [[2004]]
|-
| 4 || Stentz || align="left" | [[June 13]] [[2005]]
|-
| 5 || Bordeaux || align="left" | [[March 20]] [[2006]]
|}


The CoreOS and Silverblue editions are designed for [[OS-level virtualization|operating system-level virtualization]]. These editions use [[OSTree|rpm-ostree]] (a hybrid transactional image/package system),<ref name="rpm-ostree">{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/coreos/rpm-ostree|title=⚛📦 Hybrid image/package system with atomic upgrades and package layering: coreos/rpm-ostree|date=5 December 2019|via=GitHub|access-date=9 December 2019|archive-date=12 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212212008/https://github.com/coreos/rpm-ostree|url-status=live}}</ref> and traditional RPM (or other package management systems) can be used in containers.
=== Test Releases ===


=== Security ===
<!-- The Schedule is shown when the next test release is going to launch. -->
Fedora Linux uses [[Security-Enhanced Linux]] by default, which implements a variety of security policies, including [[mandatory access controls]], which Fedora adopted early on.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/69/Access_Control_with_SELinux.pdf | title=Security Hardened - Mandatory Access Control with SELinux | last=Spenneberg | first=Ralf | publisher=Linux New Media USA | series=Linux Magazine, Issue 69 | date=August 2006 | access-date=7 October 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013005525/http://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/69/Access_Control_with_SELinux.pdf | archive-date=13 October 2007 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Fedora provides a [[hardening (computing)|hardening]] wrapper, and does hardening for all of its packages by using [[compiler]] features such as [[position-independent executable]] (PIE).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Harden_All_Packages | title=Harden All Packages | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=28 March 2017 | archive-date=28 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628173257/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Harden_All_Packages | url-status=live }}</ref> Fedora also ships with [[firewalld]] as a default [[Firewall (computing)|firewall]].
Fedora Core 6 Test 2 is the test development release of Fedora Core.
Fedora Core 6 Final will be the next stable release of Fedora Core, which will be released in October [[2006]].


=== Software ===
The preliminary release schedule of Fedora Core 6 <ref>{{cite web | url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Core/Schedule | title=Preliminary Fedora Core 6 schedule at fedoraproject.org | accessdate=2006-05-27}}</ref> is shown as follows:
Fedora Workstation comes preinstalled with a wide range of software such as [[LibreOffice]] and [[Firefox]]. Additional software is available from the [[Software repository|software repositories]] and can be installed using the [[DNF (software)|DNF]] package manager or [[GNOME Software]].
* 21 June, 2006 - Fedora Core 6 Test 1
* 7 August, 2006 - Fedora Core 6 Test 2
* 11 September, 2006 - Fedora Core 6 Test 3
* 9 October, 2006 - Fedora Core 6 Final (this release will be stable)


Additionally, extra repositories can be added to the system, so that software not available in Fedora Linux can be installed easily.<ref name="Fedora 26 System Administrators Guide">{{cite web | url= https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/26/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html | title= Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository | publisher= [[Fedora Project]] | access-date= 29 July 2017 | archive-date= 29 July 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729095056/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/26/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sec-Managing_DNF_Repositories.html | url-status= live }}</ref> Software that is not available via official Fedora repositories, either because it does not meet Fedora's definition of [[free software]] or because its distribution may violate [[Law of the United States|US law]], can be installed using third-party repositories. Popular third-party repositories include [[RPM Fusion]] free and non-free repositories. Fedora also provides users with an easy-to-use build system for creating their own repositories called Copr.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/ | title=Fedora Copr | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=26 June 2017 | archive-date=22 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622085411/https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
===Development Releases===


Since the release of Fedora 25, the operating system defaults to the [[Wayland (display server protocol)|Wayland]] display server protocol, which replaced the [[X Window System]].<ref>{{Cite web| last = Staff| first = Ars| title = Fedora 25: With Wayland, Linux has never been easier (or more handsome)| work = Ars Technica| access-date = 22 December 2017| date = 16 December 2016| url = https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/12/fedora-25-review-the-best-linux-distro-of-2016-arrived-at-the-last-moment/| archive-date = 3 December 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171203125152/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/12/fedora-25-review-the-best-linux-distro-of-2016-arrived-at-the-last-moment/| url-status = live}}</ref>
Development versions of distributions such as Red Hat are often referred to as the "bleeding edge" <ref>{{cite web | url=http://lwn.net/1998/0820/rawhide.html | title=rawhide | accessdate=2006-07-28}}</ref>. In Red Hat and Fedora, this refers to the repositories known by their codename [[Rawhide (computing)|Rawhide]]. New packages that end up in Fedora (and later, [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]]) are first added to Fedora development tree. Fedora development is very rapid and may break at any time, but some developers and testers do use it as their main distribution.


===Maintained by Fedora Legacy ===
=== System installer ===
[[File:Fedora 41 installation process.png|thumb|Fedora Workstation 41 installation summary]]
{{main|Anaconda (installer)}}
Fedora Linux uses [[Anaconda (installer)|Anaconda]] as the [[system installer]].


== Editions ==
The [[Fedora Legacy]] project is a community project that handles releases after Red Hat has stopped maintaining updates for those who do not wish to or cannot upgrade.
Beginning with Fedora 21, it is available in three editions,<ref name="arstechnica fedora21" /> expanded to five editions as of version 37.<ref name="official website" /><ref name="Fedora Docs">{{Cite web|title=Getting Started|url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/getting-started/|access-date=18 February 2023|website=Fedora Docs|quote="Fedora is provided in several distribution items tailored for special Purposes. We call it Editions and spins."|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135128/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/getting-started/|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Workstation===
Fedora Core 4 (FC4, release name ''Stentz'') was released on [[June 13]], [[2005]] for the [[i386]], [[AMD64]], and [[PowerPC]] architectures, and was transferred to Fedora Legacy on [[August 7]], [[2006]]. It includes [[GNOME]]&nbsp;2.10 and [[KDE]]&nbsp;3.4, GCC&nbsp;4.0, a [[gcj]]-compiled version of the [[Eclipse (software)|Eclipse]] [[Integrated development environment|IDE]], and version&nbsp;2.6.11 of the [[Linux kernel]].
{{Multiple image
| align = center
| total_width = 600
| image1 = Fedora Workstation 41 — default applications (1).png
| image2 = Fedora Workstation 41 — default applications (2).png
| footer = Fedora Workstation 41 with its default applications
}}


It targets users who want a reliable, user-friendly, and powerful operating system for their laptop or desktop computer. It comes with [[GNOME]] by default but other desktops can be installed or can be directly installed as [[#Spins and Remixes|Spins]].
[[Image:Fedoracore3.png|thumb|Fedora Core 3]]
Fedora Core 3 (FC3, release name ''[[Heidelberg]]'') was released on [[November 8]], [[2004]] for the [[i386]] and [[AMD64]] architectures, and was transferred to Fedora Legacy on [[January 16]], [[2006]]. It included [[GNOME]]&nbsp;2.8 and [[KDE]]&nbsp;3.3.0, [[X.Org Server]]&nbsp;6.8.1, the [[Xen (virtual machine monitor)|Xen]] virtualizer, and version&nbsp;2.6.9 of the [[Linux kernel]].


===Discontinued===
====Silverblue====
[[File:Fedora Silverblue logo (2018).svg|frameless|right|140px]]
Silverblue is a variant of Fedora Workstation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Getting Started # Fedora Variants and how to install |url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/getting-started/#_fedora_variants_and_how_to_install |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Fedora Docs |language=en |quote="An immutable desktop variant of Fedora Workstation Edition" |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135128/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/getting-started/#_fedora_variants_and_how_to_install |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Silverblue docs">{{Cite web |title=Fedora Silverblue User Guide |url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Fedora Docs |language=en |quote="Fedora Silverblue is a variant of Fedora Workstation." |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011040633/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is an atomic desktop operating system. Every Silverblue installation is identical to every other installation of the same version, and it never changes as it is used. The immutable design is intended to make the operating system more stable, less prone to [[Software bug|bugs]], easier to test and develop, and create a platform for containerized applications as well as container-based software development. Applications and containers are kept separate from the host system. OS updates are fast and there is no installation stage. With Silverblue, it is also possible to roll back to the previous version of the operating system, if something goes wrong.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fedora Silverblue User Guide :: Fedora Docs|url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/|access-date=11 October 2021|website=docs.fedoraproject.org|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011040633/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/|url-status=live}}</ref>


Fedora Silverblue was previously known as Fedora Atomic Workstation. The descriptive name for this product is image-mode container-based Fedora Workstation based on rpm-ostree, which is clear but unsuitable for branding. The team preferred the project name Silverleaf, but could not secure that name for various reasons. Therefore, it was named Silverblue, though the logo still retains the impression of a leaf.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/faq/|title=Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) :: Fedora Docs|website=docs.fedoraproject.org|access-date=7 December 2022|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135138/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/faq/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Fedora Core 2 (FC2, release name ''[[Tettnang]]'') reached release on [[May 18]], [[2004]], and was transferred to Fedora Legacy on [[April 11]], [[2005]]. It included version 2.6 of the [[Linux kernel]], [[GNOME]]&nbsp;2.6, [[KDE]]&nbsp;3.2.1, and [[Security-Enhanced Linux|SELinux]]. This version also replaced [[XFree86]] with the [[X.Org Server]]. This release occasioned many complaints because of its problems with installation while [[dual-boot]]ing with [[Windows XP]] (actually caused by an issue with the 2.6 kernel's handling of partitions).


The long-term goal for this effort is to transform Fedora Workstation into an image-based system where applications are separate from the OS, and updates are atomic. Red Hat engineers, along with independent [[free software]] contributors have built most of the pieces for this new desktop over the last few years: [[OSTree]], [[Flatpak]], [[Flathub]], [[rpm-ostree]], and [[GNOME Software]].
Fedora Core 1 (FC1, internal codename ''[[Cambridge]]'', release name ''[[Yarrow]]'') was released on [[November 6]], [[2003]], and transferred to Fedora Legacy on [[November 20]], [[2004]]. Improvements over Red Hat Linux 9 included automated updates with [[Yellow dog Updater Modified|yum]], improved [[laptop]] support with [[Advanced Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI]] and cpufreq, and prelinking for faster program start time. An [[AMD64]] version appeared in [[March 2004]].


The ultimate goal of this effort always was to create an image-based variant of the Workstation that is at feature-parity and better suited for certain use cases than the traditional variant. Until the end of 2017, the Silverblue team slowly completed the necessary pieces for the vision of an immutable image-based OS with independent applications: Wayland, flatpak, and rpm-ostree support in GNOME Software, etc. During the same time, Project Atomic has added new features like package layering to rpm-ostree and added rpm-ostree support to [[Anaconda (installer)|Anaconda]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Team Silverblue - The Origins|publisher=docs.fedoraproject.org|url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/_attachments/team-silverblue-origins.pdf|language=English|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135018/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-silverblue/_attachments/team-silverblue-origins.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedora also supports more immutable editions, including [[Sway (window manager)|Sway]] Atomic, [[Budgie (desktop environment)|Budgie]] Atomic, and Kinoite for [[KDE Plasma 6|KDE Plasma]].
Fedora Legacy support for both Fedora Core 1 and 2 ended on [[August 7]], [[2006]], on the day that legacy support for Fedora Core 4 began.


{{Multiple image
==Repositories of extra software==
| total_width = 600
| align = center
| image1 = Fedora SilverBlue 41 desktop.png
| caption1 = A fresh install of Silverblue 41
| image2 = Fedora SilverBlue 41, default applications.png
| caption2 = Default applications of Silverblue 41
}}


===Server===
Fedora Core only includes a core set of packages. For downloading and installing programs or [[codec]]s not distributed with Core, there are several [[repository|repositories]] available. Packages are generally compatible between third-party repositories, though this has not always been the case.<ref>[http://lists.freshrpms.net/pipermail/freshrpms-list/2003-April/004048.html FreshRPMs mailing list: (non-)compatibility of repositories]</ref> There are also occasional overlaps or packaging errors that cause one package to negatively affect packages distributed from different repositories.
Its target usage is for [[Server (computing)|servers]]. It includes the latest [[data center]] technologies. This edition does not come with a [[desktop environment]], but one can be installed. From Fedora 28, Server Edition will deliver Fedora Modularity,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.pagure.org/modularity/|title=Fedora Modularity|website=Fedora Modularity|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505055612/https://docs.pagure.org/modularity/|url-status=live}}</ref> adding support for alternative update streams for popular software such as [[Node.js]] and [[Go (programming language)|Go]].


=== Official repositories ===
===IoT===
Images of Fedora Linux tailored to running on [[Internet of things|Internet of Things]] devices. It supports [[X86-64|x86_64]], [[AArch64|aarch64]] and [[ARM architecture family|armhfp]] [[Central processing unit|processors]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Get Fedora |url=http://getfedora.org/ |access-date=5 May 2022 |website=getfedora.org |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711030627/https://getfedora.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


===CoreOS===
Fedora Core, [[Fedora Extras]] and Fedora Legacy are official repositories in this project. Fedora Core is maintained by Red Hat. Fedora Extras is maintained by a group of volunteers and affiliated with the official Fedora Project. Fedora Extras is currently included in the base distribution as a default repository and no extra configuration is required to enable it. Fedora Legacy repository is also included in Fedora Core 5 and above versions but it is not enabled by default.
The successor of ''Fedora Atomic Host'' (Project Atomic) and [[Container Linux]] after Fedora 29,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mabe|first=Dusty|date=21 November 2019|title=Fedora Atomic Host Nearing End Of Life|url=https://www.projectatomic.io/blog/2019/11/fedora-atomic-host-nearing-eol/|access-date=8 January 2022|website=www.projectatomic.io|language=en|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629083338/http://www.projectatomic.io/blog/2019/11/fedora-atomic-host-nearing-eol/|url-status=live}}</ref> it provides a minimal image of Fedora Linux which includes just the bare essentials. This is not to be confused with Fedora Core. It is meant for deployment in [[cloud computing]]. It provides Fedora CoreOS images which are optimized minimal images for deploying containers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://getfedora.org/en/coreos?stream=stable |title=Get Fedora |access-date=30 August 2021 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729163949/https://getfedora.org/en/coreos/?stream=stable |url-status=live }}</ref> CoreOS replaced the established Container Linux when it was merged with Project Atomic<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mabe|first=Dusty|date=20 June 2018|title=Announcing the Fedora CoreOS community!|url=https://www.projectatomic.io/blog/2018/06/welcome-to-fedora-coreos/|access-date=8 January 2022|website=www.projectatomic.io|language=en|archive-date=19 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135138/https://projectatomic.io/blog/2018/06/welcome-to-fedora-coreos/|url-status=live}}</ref> after its acquisition by Red Hat in January 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rosoff|first=Matt|date=30 January 2018|title=Red Hat pays $250 million for CoreOS, a start-up that sells Google-developed technology|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/30/red-hat-buys-coreos-for-250-mililon.html|access-date=8 January 2022|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref>


=== Unofficial repositories ===
=== Labs ===
Similar to [[Debian#Derivatives and flavors|Debian blends]], the Fedora Project also distributes custom variations of Fedora Linux called Fedora Labs.<ref name="spins">{{cite web|url=https://labs.fedoraproject.org|title=Fedora Labs|publisher=Fedora Project|access-date=3 February 2014|archive-date=27 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527014955/https://labs.fedoraproject.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> These are built with specific sets of software packages, targeting specific interests such as gaming, security, design,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en_GB/design-suite|title=Fedora Design Suite|website=Fedora Design Suite|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-date=4 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504155406/https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en_GB/design-suite/|url-status=dead}}</ref> robotics,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spins.fedoraproject.org/robotics/|title=Fedora Robotics Edition|publisher=Fedora Project|access-date=18 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328180415/http://spins.fedoraproject.org/robotics/|archive-date=28 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Robotics|title=Fedora Robotics Wiki|publisher=Fedora Project|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=28 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328105641/http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Robotics|url-status=live}}</ref> and scientific computing<ref>{{cite web|url=https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en_GB/scientific/|title=Fedora Scientific|publisher=Fedora Project|access-date=3 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504092046/https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en_GB/scientific/|archive-date=4 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> (that includes [[SciPy]], [[GNU Octave|Octave]], [[Kile]], [[Xfig]] and [[Inkscape]]).


The Fedora AOS (Appliance Operating System) was a specialized spin of Fedora Linux with reduced memory footprint for use in [[software appliance]]s. Appliances are pre-installed, pre-configured, system images. This spin was intended to make it easier for anyone (developers, [[independent software vendor]]s (ISV), [[original equipment manufacturer]]s (OEM), etc.) to create and deploy [[virtual appliance]]s.
These repositories are designed to be compatible with Fedora Core although they may not be compatible with each other. Some of the repositories have discontinued active support for earlier versions of Fedora Core but keep the repositories around for the convenience of users with previous versions.


=== Spins and Remixes ===
* [http://rpm.livna.org/ Livna], a third-party repository maintained by a group of packagers, supporting Fedora Core 1 through 5.
[[File:Fedora Linux 41, with KDE Plasma 6.png|thumb|290x290px|Fedora KDE Plasma Desktop, one of the several official Fedora Spins]]
: (Must use with Extras. Not compatible with RPMForge repositories.)<ref>[http://dag.wieers.com/home-made/apt/FAQ.php#D1 Livna's maintainers have a policy to not work together with other 3rd party repositories] or at least they had this policy when Fedora Extras was Fedora.us</ref><ref>[https://liquidat.wordpress.com/2006/03/23/compatibility-and-freshrpms-3/ Matthias Saou explains the compatibility issues between FreshRPMs and Livna]</ref>
The Fedora project officially distributes different variations called "Fedora Spins"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spins.fedoraproject.org/index.html.en|title=Fedora Spins|website=spins.fedoraproject.org|access-date=9 December 2019|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234404/https://spins.fedoraproject.org/index.html.en|url-status=live}}</ref> which are Fedora Linux with different desktop environments (GNOME is the default desktop environment). The current official spins, as of Fedora 40, are [[KDE Plasma 6|KDE Plasma]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora KDE Plasma Desktop |url=https://www.fedoraproject.org/spins/kde/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.fedoraproject.org}}</ref> [[Xfce]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora XFCE |url=https://www.fedoraproject.org/spins/xfce/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.fedoraproject.org}}</ref> [[LXQt]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora LXQt Spin |url=https://fedoraproject.org/spins/lxqt/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=fedoraproject.org |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135723/https://fedoraproject.org/spins/lxqt/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[MATE (software)|MATE]] (with [[Compiz]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora MATE+Compiz Spin |url=https://fedoraproject.org/spins/mate/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=fedoraproject.org |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135729/https://fedoraproject.org/spins/mate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Cinnamon (desktop environment)|Cinnamon]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora Cinnamon Spin |url=https://fedoraproject.org/spins/cinnamon/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=fedoraproject.org |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135738/https://fedoraproject.org/spins/cinnamon/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[LXDE]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora LXDE Spin |url=https://fedoraproject.org/spins/lxde/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=fedoraproject.org}}</ref> [[Sugar (software)|SoaS]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora Sugar on a Stick Spin |url=https://fedoraproject.org/spins/soas/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=fedoraproject.org}}</ref> [[i3 (window manager)|i3]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora i3 Spin |url=https://fedoraproject.org/spins/i3/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=fedoraproject.org}}</ref> [[Phosh]] (for use on [[PinePhone]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora Phosh |url=https://www.fedoraproject.org/spins/phosh/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.fedoraproject.org }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Budgie (desktop environment)|Budgie]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora Budgie Spin |url=https://www.fedoraproject.org/spins/budgie/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.fedoraproject.org}}</ref> and [[Sway (window manager)|Sway]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora Sway Spin |url=https://www.fedoraproject.org/spins/sway/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.fedoraproject.org}}</ref> In addition, the KDE, Sway, and Budgie spins are provided as OSTree-backed immutable spins named Kinoite,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The KDE Plasma desktop, in an atomic fashion |url=https://www.fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/kinoite/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=www.fedoraproject.org |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719141057/https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/kinoite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sway Atomic,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora Sway Atomic |url=https://www.fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/sway/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=www.fedoraproject.org}}</ref> and Budgie Atomic<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedora Budgie Atomic |url=https://www.fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/budgie/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=www.fedoraproject.org |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719141108/https://fedoraproject.org/atomic-desktops/budgie/ |url-status=live }}</ref> respectively. The KDE spin will be promoted to a regular edition, same level as Fedora + GNOME, starting with Fedora 42.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pagure.io/Fedora-Council/tickets/issue/504 |title=Issue #504: Request to upgrade Fedora KDE Desktop Spin to Edition status under the Personal Systems WG - tickets - Pagure.io |access-date=2024-12-30}}</ref>
* [http://atrpms.net/ ATrpms], maintained by Axel Thimm and supporting Fedora Core 1 through 5.
: (Updates base packages ahead of Core. Some administrators consider it a bad idea to update base packages outside of their official channel.)
* [http://rpmforge.net/ RPMforge], containing the packages of Matthias Saou, Dag Wieers and Dries that were previously available in three different repositories, supporting Fedora Core 1 through 5.<ref>FreshRPMS, PlanetCCRMA, Dries and DAG (RPMforge.net) build their packages together from the same sources. This ensures much greater cooperation and compatibility and will eventually lead to a merger.</ref> RPMforge is compatible with Fedora Extras, similar to Livna.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rpmforge.net/user/faq/#compatibility-and-mixing | title=RPMforge: Frequently Asked Questions | accessdate=2006-07-28}}</ref>
** [http://freshrpms.net/ FreshRPMS], maintained by Matthias Saou, supporting Fedora Core 1 through 5
** [http://dag.wieers.com/home-made/apt/ Dag], maintained by Dag Wieers, supporting Fedora Core 1 through 3
** [http://dries.studentenweb.org/rpm/ Dries], maintained by Dries Verachtert, supporting Fedora Core 1 through 5
** [http://ccrma.stanford.edu/planetccrma/software/ PlanetCCRMA], maintained by Fernando Lopez-Lezcano, supporting Fedora Core 1 through 5
* [http://kde-redhat.sourceforge.net/ kde-redhat], Excellent source for Kde support in Fedora Core maintained by a group of packagers that support Fedora Core.Has updated KDE desktop RPMS, general KDE applications such as blue tooth support.


In addition to Spins, which are official variants of the Fedora system, the project allows unofficial variants to use the term "Fedora Remix" without asking for further permission, although a different logo (provided) is required.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Remix|title=Remix - Fedora Project Wiki|website=fedoraproject.org|access-date=28 September 2019|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904111541/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Remix|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Legal status ===


=== Architectures ===
Fedora Core, [[Fedora Extras]] and Fedora Legacy projects following the same packaging guidelines (http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Packaging/Guidelines) in the Fedora project, and they all only maintain packages that are Free, open source software and legally distributable in the United States. Other repositories may have different policies. For example, the Livna project maintains packages that may have legal issues within the United States or can be downloaded only by the end user.
[[x86-64]] and [[AArch64|ARM AArch64]] are the primary architectures supported by Fedora.<ref name="Architectures" /> As of release 38, Fedora also supports [[Power ISA|IBM Power64le]], [[Z/Architecture|IBM Z]] ("s390x"), [[MIPS architecture|MIPS-64el]], [[MIPS architecture|MIPS-el]] and [[RISC-V]] as secondary architectures.


Fedora 28 was the last release that supported [[ppc64]] and users are advised to move to the little endian [[ppc64le]] variant.<ref name="Fedora PPC64">{{cite web |title=DiscontinuePPC64 - Fedora Project Wiki |url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DiscontinuePPC64 |access-date=30 October 2018 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170357/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DiscontinuePPC64 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fedora 36 was the last release with support for [[ARM architecture|ARM-hfp]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RetireARMv7|title=Changes/RetireARMv7 - Fedora Project Wiki|date=1 December 2021|website=fedoraproject.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108163422/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RetireARMv7|archive-date=8 November 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
Some repositories also maintain "source-only" packages that require the user to download pre-built binaries that may not be available to the public. The package script then unpacks and repacks the binaries in a format more suitable for deployment on RPM-based systems.


=== Software update utilities ===
=== Alternatives ===
The Fedora Project also distributes several other versions<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alt.fedoraproject.org/|title=Fedora Alternative Downloads|website=Fedora Alternative Downloads|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129130916/https://alt.fedoraproject.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> with less use cases than mentioned above, like network installers and minimal installation images. They are intended for special cases or expert users that want to have custom installations or configuring Fedora from scratch.


In addition, all acceptable licenses for Fedora Linux (including copyright, trademark, and patent licenses) must be applicable not only to Red Hat or Fedora, but also to all recipients downstream. This means that any "Fedora-only" licenses, or licenses with specific terms that Red Hat or Fedora meets but that other recipients would not are not acceptable (and almost certainly non-free, as a result).
The main tool to install software from repositories is the command '''yum'''. A graphical tool called '''pirut''' (available in the upper menu bar with the name "Add/Remove Software") is, together with the [[package management system|update program]] '''pup''', part of the standard installation since Fedora Core 5. '''Yumex''' <ref>{{cite web | url=http://yumex.python-hosting.com/ | title=Yum Extender | accessdate=2006-07-28}}</ref> and '''Synaptic''' are two graphical alternatives preferred by some reviewers, and availables in Extras.


== History ==
Up until Fedora Core 4, maintainers of some of the extra repositories advocated the use of [[apt-rpm]] for update management - being written in C, it uses fewer CPU cycles and is therefore suitable for older computers, too. For Fedora Core 5 a new version of apt is included in extras which is capable of using native yum metadata and is multi-lib capable. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tools/Apt for more information.


The name of Fedora derives from the original "Fedora Linux", a [[Volunteering|volunteer]] project that provided extra software for the [[Red Hat Linux]] distribution, and from the characteristic [[fedora]] hat used in Red Hat's "Shadowman" logo. Warren Togami began Fedora Linux in 2002 as an undergraduate project at the [[University of Hawaii]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/User:Wtogami?rd=WarrenTogami|title=Warren Togami|publisher=fedoraproject.org|access-date=20 October 2021|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019012539/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/User:Wtogami?rd=WarrenTogami|url-status=live}}</ref> intended to provide a single [[Software repository|repository]] for well-tested third-party software packages so that non-Red Hat software would be easier to find, develop, and use. The key difference between Fedora Linux and Red Hat Linux was that Fedora's repository development would be collaborative with the global volunteer community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linux.com/archive/feature/31767|title=Warren Togami on the new Fedora Project|last=Barr|first=Joe|date=1 October 2003|publisher=Linux.com|access-date=9 February 2010|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020105212/https://www.linux.com/news/feature-8-cores-budget-building-better-workstation/|url-status=live}}</ref> The original Fedora Linux was eventually absorbed into the Fedora Project, carrying with it this collaborative approach.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://togami.com/~warren/archive/2006/lax_seminar_fedora_feb_2006.odp|title=Why Fedora?|last=Togami|first=Warren|date=February 2006|format=ODP|access-date=30 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831065506/http://togami.com/~warren/archive/2006/lax_seminar_fedora_feb_2006.odp|archive-date=31 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Fedora Project is sponsored primarily by [[Red Hat]] with additional support and sponsors from other companies and organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://getfedora.org/sponsors |title=Fedora Sponsors |access-date=7 December 2019 |archive-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191124143452/https://fedoraproject.org/sponsors/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Another useful tool to work with repositories is '''Fedora Helper''' <ref>{{cite web | url=http://brandonhutchinson.com/Fedora_Helper.html | title=Fedora Helper | accessdate=2006-07-28}}</ref>. It is an automatic configurator for the "missing codecs" of Fedora Core. It uses the livna.org repository. Another tool that helps to mix repositories is '''Fedora Frog'''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://easylinux.info/wiki/Fedora_frog | title=Fedora frog | accessdate=2006-07-28}}</ref>


Fedora Linux, then known as "Fedora Core", was a fork of [[Red Hat Linux]] launched in 2003, when Red Hat Linux was discontinued so the team could focus on their paid version for servers: [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]].<ref name="newdirection">{{cite mailing list | url=http://www.redhat.com/archives/rhl-list/2003-September/msg00064.html | title=Fedora Project: Announcing New Direction | date=22 September 2003 | access-date=18 October 2007 | mailing-list=Fedora development | last=Johnson | first=Michael K. | archive-date=20 November 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120053411/http://www.redhat.com/archives/rhl-list/2003-September/msg00064.html | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] was to be Red Hat's only officially supported Linux distribution, while Fedora was to be a community distribution.<ref name="newdirection" /> Red Hat Enterprise Linux branches its releases from versions of Fedora.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.redhat.com/magazine/022aug06/features/fedora_rhel_4/ | title=The Fedora Project and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, part 4 | last=Burke | first=Tim | publisher=Red Hat | series=Red Hat Magazine, Issue #22 | date=August 2006 | access-date=18 October 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012162113/http://www.redhat.com/magazine/022aug06/features/fedora_rhel_4/ | archive-date=12 October 2007 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
==Fedora Core and Red Hat Enterprise Linux==
Fedora came about as a result of a new [[business strategy]] which [[Red Hat]] implemented late in [[2003]] - Red Hat now positions [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] as a [[business]]-oriented Linux distribution, and all official support is for that distribution. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) releases are branched off Fedora Core, which has led some critics to observe that Fedora Core users are in effect beta testers for RHEL.


Before Fedora 7, Fedora Linux was called Fedora Core after the name of one of the two main software repositories - Core and Extras. Fedora Core contained all the base packages that were required by the operating system, as well as other packages that were distributed along with the installation [[Compact disc|CD]]/[[DVD|DVDs]], and was maintained only by Red Hat developers. Fedora Extras, the secondary repository that had been included since Fedora Core 3, was community-maintained and not distributed along with the installation CD/DVDs. Upon the release of Fedora 7, the distinction between Fedora Core and Fedora Extras was eliminated.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/7 | title=Releases/7 | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=27 February 2014 | archive-date=27 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227074208/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/7 | url-status=live }}</ref>
See the Red Hat Enterprise Linux page for the versions of Fedora Core and their [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux#Relationship to free or community versions|corresponding Red Hat Enterprise Linux versions]].


Since the release of Fedora 21, as an effort to bring modularization to the Fedora distribution and make development more agile,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-present-and-future-a-fedora-next-2014-update-part-i-why/ |title=Fedora Present and Future: a Fedora.next 2014 Update (Part I, "Why?") |publisher=Fedora Magazine |date=19 March 2014 |last=Miller |first=Matthew |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809011809/https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-present-and-future-a-fedora-next-2014-update-part-i-why/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.lwn.net/Articles/680278/ |title=Modularizing Fedora |date=16 March 2016 |last=Corbet |first=Jonathan |publisher=LWN.net |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809000025/https://old.lwn.net/Articles/680278/ |url-status=live }}</ref> three different versions are available: ''Workstation'', focused on the [[personal computer]], ''Server'' and ''Atomic'' for [[server (computing)|server]]s, ''Atomic'' being the version meant for [[cloud computing]].<ref name="arstechnica fedora21" />
==Trademark dispute==
[[Image:Redhat_Logo.svg|200px|right|thumb|Red Hat's Shadowman logo]]
Red Hat has been tangled in disputes with the creators of the [[Fedora (software)|Fedora repository management software]] over the name, on which Red Hat has attempted to secure trademark rights.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fedora.info/redHat.shtml | title=Red Hat Inc.'s Use of The Fedora Name | accessdate=2006-07-28}}</ref>


Fedora is a [[trademark]] of Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat's application for trademark status for the name "Fedora" was disputed by [[Cornell University]] and the [[University of Virginia Library]], creators of the unrelated [[Fedora Commons]] digital repository management software.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-7344_3-5110750.html | title=Red Hat, researchers in name tiff | last1=Becker | first1=David | date=21 November 2003 | website=CNET News | publisher=CBS Interactive Inc. | access-date=3 February 2014 | archive-date=21 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221213345/http://news.cnet.com/2100-7344_3-5110750.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The issue was resolved and the parties settled on a co-existence agreement that stated that the Cornell-UVA project could use the name when clearly associated with open source software for digital object repository systems and that Red Hat could use the name when it was clearly associated with open source computer operating systems.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fedora-commons.org/about/history | title=Fedora Repository Project History | access-date=3 February 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222164932/http://www.fedora-commons.org/about/history | archive-date=22 February 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
==Trivia==


In April 2020, project leader Matthew Miller announced that Fedora Workstation would be shipping on select new [[ThinkPad]] laptops, thanks to a new partnership with [[Lenovo]].<ref name="Miller 2020">{{cite web | last=Miller | first=Matthew | title=Coming soon: Fedora on Lenovo laptops! | website=Fedora Magazine | date=24 April 2020 | url=https://fedoramagazine.org/coming-soon-fedora-on-lenovo-laptops/ | access-date=7 May 2020 | archive-date=7 May 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507134802/https://fedoramagazine.org/coming-soon-fedora-on-lenovo-laptops/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
[http://kernel.org Kernel.org] is powered by Fedora Core. The servers that run [[Wikimedia]] are mostly powered by Fedora Core.<ref>[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_servers Wikimedia servers about page]</ref>


== Development and community ==
== Distributions based on Fedora Core==
{{See also|Fedora Project}}
[[File:Fedora Foundations.png|thumb|The core values of the Fedora community]]
Development of the operating system and supporting programs is headed by the Fedora Project, which is composed of a community of developers and volunteers, and also [[Red Hat]] employees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/|title=Overview - Fedora Project|website=Fedora Project wiki|access-date=24 July 2017|archive-date=4 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804074726/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Council is the top-level community leadership and governance body. Other bodies include the Fedora Engineering Steering Committee, responsible for the technical decisions behind the development of Fedora, and Fedora Mindshare Committee which coordinates outreach and non-technical activities, including representation of Fedora Worldwide e.g.: Ambassadors Program, CommOps team and Marketing, Design and Websites Team.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/leadership/index.html|title=Leadership - Fedora Project|website=Fedora Project|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731042543/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/leadership/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Releases ==
You can find a general list at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DerivedDistributions
{{Main|Fedora Linux release history}}


* [[Berry Linux]] - A medium-sized Fedora Core-based distribution that provides support in Japanese and English.
Red Hat Linux 9 to Fedora Core 1.
* [[Fox Linux]] - A Fedora Core-based distribution made in Italy, designed for basic home computing tasks such as browsing the Web, writing and printing documents, using multimedia and burning discs.
* Linux Mobile System - A Fedora Core-based distribution designed to boot from USB Mass Storage devices, such as keydrives.
* [[LinuxTLE]], a [[Thailand|Thai]] distribution produced by [[NECTEC]]
* [http://www.rackstar.net/ RAQTweak's RackStar Appliance Server]
* [[Yellow Dog]] - A Fedora Core-based distribution for the PowerPC platform.
* [[YOPER]]


[[File:Fedora Core 1.png|thumb|Fedora Core 1.0, a continuation of [[Red Hat Linux]] with [[GNOME 2|GNOME 2.4]] (2003-11)]]
== Commercial and community distributions by the same vendor ==
[[File:Fedora 15 Lovelock Gnome3.png|thumb|Fedora 15 (Lovelock), the first release with [[GNOME 3]] and [[GNOME Shell]] (2011-05)]]
[[File:Fedora 21 desktop screenshot.png|thumb|Fedora 21, a version that brought experimental [[Wayland (display server protocol)|Wayland]] and HiDPI support (2014-12)]]


Fedora has a relatively short life cycle: version {{var|X}} is supported only until 1 month after version {{var|X}}+2 is released and with approximately 6 months between most versions, meaning a version of Fedora is usually supported for at least 13 months, possibly longer.<ref name="Fedora Release Life Cycle" /> Fedora users can upgrade from version to version without reinstalling.<ref name="FedUp" /><ref name="Fedora Project" />
Red Hat's release of Fedora Core started a popular trend amongst commercial Linux distribution vendors, that of creating a community distribution closely related to a commercial distribution, with the community distribution acting as a open development lab leading to the commercial distribution.


The current release is Fedora 41, which was released on 29 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Merlin |date=2023-11-07 |title=What's new in Fedora Workstation 39 |url=https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-workstation-39/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Fedora Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=26 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226162446/https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-workstation-39/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
See [[Commercial and community Linux distributions by the same vendor]].
{{Releases Fedora Linux}} <!-- To edit go to: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Releases_Fedora_Linux -->
{{Timeline Fedora Linux}} <!-- To edit go to: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Timeline_Fedora_Linux -->


==See also==
=== Rawhide ===
Rawhide is the [[branching (software)#Development branch|development tree]] for Fedora.<ref name="rawhide">{{cite web | url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/Rawhide?rd=Rawhide#Using_Rawhide | title=Releases/Rawhide | publisher=Fedora Project | access-date=12 December 2015 | archive-date=24 December 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224090337/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/Rawhide?rd=Rawhide#Using_Rawhide | url-status=live }}</ref> This is a copy of a complete Fedora distribution where new [[software]] is added and tested, before inclusion in a later stable release. As such, Rawhide is often more feature rich than the current stable release. In many cases, the software is made of [[Concurrent Versions System|CVS]], [[Apache Subversion|Subversion]] or [[Git]] source code snapshots which are often actively developed by programmers. Although Rawhide is targeted at advanced users, testers, and package maintainers, it is capable of being a primary operating system. Users interested in the Rawhide branch often update on a daily basis and help troubleshoot problems.<ref name="rawhide" /> Rawhide users do not have to upgrade between different versions as it follows a [[rolling release]] update model.
{{portalpar|Free software|Floss draft.png}}

*[[Red Hat Linux]]
== See also ==
*[[List of Linux distributions]]
{{Portal|Linux|FOSS}}
*[[Comparison of Linux distributions]]
* [[ABRT]]
* [[Fedora Media Writer]]
* [[List of Linux distributions#RPM-based|List of Linux distributions § RPM-based]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
<references />


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Fedora Linux}}
===Official sites===
* [http://fedoraproject.org/ Fedora Project homepage]
* [https://fedoramagazine.org Fedora Magazine]
* {{DistroWatch|fedoralinux|NAME=Fedora Linux}}
* [http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Core/Schedule Fedora Project release schedule]
* [http://www.redhat.com/fedora/ Fedora Project overview page on redhat.com]
* [http://fedoranews.org/ FedoraNEWS], [http://fedoranews.org/mediawiki/index.php/Fedora_Weekly_News Fedora Weekly News]
* [http://www.fedoraforum.org FedoraForum.org] Official Fedora Support Forum since [[May 4]] [[2005]]
* [http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Distribution/FreeMedia Fedora Free Media Program] - get free DVDs

=== Unofficial sites ===
* [http://www.fedorafaq.org/ The Unofficial Fedora FAQ]
* [http://easylinux.info/wiki/Fedora_fc5 The Unofficial Fedora Starter Guide]
* [http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/forumdisplay.php?forumid=35 Fedora Forum @ LinuxQuestions.org] Fedora Forum sponsored by Fedora Project
* [http://www.fedoraforum.org/gallery/ Fedora Forum Gallery] Screenshots and workstation layouts
* [http://gmane.org/find.php?list=fedora Fedora mailing lists] on gmane.org
* [http://stanton-finley.net/fedora_core_5_installation_notes.html Fedora Core Installation Notes]
* [http://www.fedorasolved.com/ Fedora Solved] No questions - only answers
* [http://www.mjmwired.net/resources/mjm-fedora-fc5.html Personal Fedora Core Installation Guide]
* {{OSDir|PAGE=596|SHOT=28|NAME=Fedora Core 5}}
* {{Distrowatch|fedora|NAME=Fedora Core}}

===Compatibility information sites===
*[http://rpmforge.net/user/faq/#compatibility-and-mixing About mixing repositories]
*[http://freshrpms.net/links/ Freshrpms states compatibility with Extras]


{{Fedora Project}}
{{Fedora Linux derivatives}}
{{Red Hat}}
{{IBM operating systems}}
{{IBM FOSS}}
{{Linux-distro}}
{{Linux-distro}}


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:ARM Linux distributions]]
[[Category:Fedora Project]]
[[Category:IA-32 Linux distributions]]
[[Category:Linux distributions]]
[[Category:Power ISA Linux distributions]]
[[Category:PowerPC Linux distributions]]
[[Category:RPM-based Linux distributions]]
[[Category:RPM-based Linux distributions]]
[[Category:Fedora Project|*]]
[[Category:X86-64 Linux distributions]]

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Latest revision as of 18:40, 10 January 2025

Fedora Linux
Fedora Workstation 41
DeveloperFedora Project
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseNovember 4, 2003; 21 years ago (2003-11-04)[1]
Latest release41 Edit this on Wikidata[2] / 29 October 2024; 2 months ago (29 October 2024)[2]
Latest preview41 Beta / 17 September 2024 (3 months ago) (2024-09-17)
Repositorysrc.fedoraproject.org
Marketing targetDesktop computers, servers, supercomputers
Package managerRPM (DNF), Flatpak, OSTree
Platforms
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux kernel)
UserlandGNU
Default
user interface		GNOME Shell, Bash
LicenseGPL and various free software licenses, plus proprietary firmware files[6]
Official websitefedoraproject.org

Fedora Linux[7] is a Linux distribution developed by the Fedora Project. It was originally developed in 2003 as a continuation of the Red Hat Linux project. It contains software distributed under various free and open-source licenses and aims to be on the leading edge of open-source technologies.[8][9][10] It is now the upstream source for CentOS Stream and Red Hat Enterprise Linux.[11][12]

Since the release of Fedora 21 in December 2014, three editions have been made available: personal computer, server and cloud computing. This was expanded to five editions for containerization and Internet of Things (IoT) as of the release of Fedora 37 in November 2022.[13][14] A new version of Fedora Linux is released every six months.[15]

As of February 2016, Fedora Linux has an estimated 1.2 million users,[16] and is also the distribution used by Linus Torvalds, creator of the Linux kernel (as of May 2020).[17][18][19]

Features

[edit]

Fedora has a reputation for focusing on innovation, integrating new technologies early on and working closely with upstream Linux communities.[10][20] Making changes upstream instead of specifically for Fedora Linux ensures that the changes are available to all Linux distributions.

Fedora Linux has a relatively short life cycle: Each version is usually supported for at least 13 months, where version X is supported only until 1 month after version X+2 is released and with approximately 6 months between most versions.[21] Fedora users can upgrade from version to version without reinstalling.[22][23]

The default desktop environment is GNOME, and the default user interface is the GNOME Shell. Other desktop environments are available, including KDE Plasma, Xfce, LXQt, LXDE, MATE, Cinnamon, and Budgie as well as window managers including i3, and Sway.[24][25]

A live media drive can be created using Fedora Media Writer or the dd command,[26] allowing users to try Fedora Linux without writing any changes to their hard drives.

Package management

[edit]

Most Fedora Linux editions use the RPM package management system and DNF as a tool to manage installed software.[27] DNF uses libsolv, an external dependency resolver.[27] Flatpak is also included by default.

The CoreOS and Silverblue editions are designed for operating system-level virtualization. These editions use rpm-ostree (a hybrid transactional image/package system),[28] and traditional RPM (or other package management systems) can be used in containers.

Security

[edit]

Fedora Linux uses Security-Enhanced Linux by default, which implements a variety of security policies, including mandatory access controls, which Fedora adopted early on.[29] Fedora provides a hardening wrapper, and does hardening for all of its packages by using compiler features such as position-independent executable (PIE).[30] Fedora also ships with firewalld as a default firewall.

Software

[edit]

Fedora Workstation comes preinstalled with a wide range of software such as LibreOffice and Firefox. Additional software is available from the software repositories and can be installed using the DNF package manager or GNOME Software.

Additionally, extra repositories can be added to the system, so that software not available in Fedora Linux can be installed easily.[31] Software that is not available via official Fedora repositories, either because it does not meet Fedora's definition of free software or because its distribution may violate US law, can be installed using third-party repositories. Popular third-party repositories include RPM Fusion free and non-free repositories. Fedora also provides users with an easy-to-use build system for creating their own repositories called Copr.[32]

Since the release of Fedora 25, the operating system defaults to the Wayland display server protocol, which replaced the X Window System.[33]

System installer

[edit]
Fedora Workstation 41 installation summary
Main article: Anaconda (installer)

Fedora Linux uses Anaconda as the system installer.

Editions

[edit]

Beginning with Fedora 21, it is available in three editions,[13] expanded to five editions as of version 37.[14][34]

Workstation

[edit]
Fedora Workstation 41 with its default applications

It targets users who want a reliable, user-friendly, and powerful operating system for their laptop or desktop computer. It comes with GNOME by default but other desktops can be installed or can be directly installed as Spins.

Silverblue

[edit]

Silverblue is a variant of Fedora Workstation.[35][36] It is an atomic desktop operating system. Every Silverblue installation is identical to every other installation of the same version, and it never changes as it is used. The immutable design is intended to make the operating system more stable, less prone to bugs, easier to test and develop, and create a platform for containerized applications as well as container-based software development. Applications and containers are kept separate from the host system. OS updates are fast and there is no installation stage. With Silverblue, it is also possible to roll back to the previous version of the operating system, if something goes wrong.[37]

Fedora Silverblue was previously known as Fedora Atomic Workstation. The descriptive name for this product is image-mode container-based Fedora Workstation based on rpm-ostree, which is clear but unsuitable for branding. The team preferred the project name Silverleaf, but could not secure that name for various reasons. Therefore, it was named Silverblue, though the logo still retains the impression of a leaf.[38]

The long-term goal for this effort is to transform Fedora Workstation into an image-based system where applications are separate from the OS, and updates are atomic. Red Hat engineers, along with independent free software contributors have built most of the pieces for this new desktop over the last few years: OSTree, Flatpak, Flathub, rpm-ostree, and GNOME Software.

The ultimate goal of this effort always was to create an image-based variant of the Workstation that is at feature-parity and better suited for certain use cases than the traditional variant. Until the end of 2017, the Silverblue team slowly completed the necessary pieces for the vision of an immutable image-based OS with independent applications: Wayland, flatpak, and rpm-ostree support in GNOME Software, etc. During the same time, Project Atomic has added new features like package layering to rpm-ostree and added rpm-ostree support to Anaconda.[39] Fedora also supports more immutable editions, including Sway Atomic, Budgie Atomic, and Kinoite for KDE Plasma.

A fresh install of Silverblue 41
Default applications of Silverblue 41

Server

[edit]

Its target usage is for servers. It includes the latest data center technologies. This edition does not come with a desktop environment, but one can be installed. From Fedora 28, Server Edition will deliver Fedora Modularity,[40] adding support for alternative update streams for popular software such as Node.js and Go.

IoT

[edit]

Images of Fedora Linux tailored to running on Internet of Things devices. It supports x86_64, aarch64 and armhfp processors.[41]

CoreOS

[edit]

The successor of Fedora Atomic Host (Project Atomic) and Container Linux after Fedora 29,[42] it provides a minimal image of Fedora Linux which includes just the bare essentials. This is not to be confused with Fedora Core. It is meant for deployment in cloud computing. It provides Fedora CoreOS images which are optimized minimal images for deploying containers.[43] CoreOS replaced the established Container Linux when it was merged with Project Atomic[44] after its acquisition by Red Hat in January 2018.[45]

Labs

[edit]

Similar to Debian blends, the Fedora Project also distributes custom variations of Fedora Linux called Fedora Labs.[46] These are built with specific sets of software packages, targeting specific interests such as gaming, security, design,[47] robotics,[48][49] and scientific computing[50] (that includes SciPy, Octave, Kile, Xfig and Inkscape).

The Fedora AOS (Appliance Operating System) was a specialized spin of Fedora Linux with reduced memory footprint for use in software appliances. Appliances are pre-installed, pre-configured, system images. This spin was intended to make it easier for anyone (developers, independent software vendors (ISV), original equipment manufacturers (OEM), etc.) to create and deploy virtual appliances.

Spins and Remixes

[edit]
Fedora KDE Plasma Desktop, one of the several official Fedora Spins

The Fedora project officially distributes different variations called "Fedora Spins"[51] which are Fedora Linux with different desktop environments (GNOME is the default desktop environment). The current official spins, as of Fedora 40, are KDE Plasma,[52] Xfce,[53] LXQt,[54] MATE (with Compiz),[55] Cinnamon,[56] LXDE,[57] SoaS,[58] i3,[59] Phosh (for use on PinePhone),[60] Budgie,[61] and Sway.[62] In addition, the KDE, Sway, and Budgie spins are provided as OSTree-backed immutable spins named Kinoite,[63] Sway Atomic,[64] and Budgie Atomic[65] respectively. The KDE spin will be promoted to a regular edition, same level as Fedora + GNOME, starting with Fedora 42.[66]

In addition to Spins, which are official variants of the Fedora system, the project allows unofficial variants to use the term "Fedora Remix" without asking for further permission, although a different logo (provided) is required.[67]

Architectures

[edit]

x86-64 and ARM AArch64 are the primary architectures supported by Fedora.[4] As of release 38, Fedora also supports IBM Power64le, IBM Z ("s390x"), MIPS-64el, MIPS-el and RISC-V as secondary architectures.

Fedora 28 was the last release that supported ppc64 and users are advised to move to the little endian ppc64le variant.[68] Fedora 36 was the last release with support for ARM-hfp.[69]

Alternatives

[edit]

The Fedora Project also distributes several other versions[70] with less use cases than mentioned above, like network installers and minimal installation images. They are intended for special cases or expert users that want to have custom installations or configuring Fedora from scratch.

In addition, all acceptable licenses for Fedora Linux (including copyright, trademark, and patent licenses) must be applicable not only to Red Hat or Fedora, but also to all recipients downstream. This means that any "Fedora-only" licenses, or licenses with specific terms that Red Hat or Fedora meets but that other recipients would not are not acceptable (and almost certainly non-free, as a result).

History

[edit]

The name of Fedora derives from the original "Fedora Linux", a volunteer project that provided extra software for the Red Hat Linux distribution, and from the characteristic fedora hat used in Red Hat's "Shadowman" logo. Warren Togami began Fedora Linux in 2002 as an undergraduate project at the University of Hawaii,[71] intended to provide a single repository for well-tested third-party software packages so that non-Red Hat software would be easier to find, develop, and use. The key difference between Fedora Linux and Red Hat Linux was that Fedora's repository development would be collaborative with the global volunteer community.[72] The original Fedora Linux was eventually absorbed into the Fedora Project, carrying with it this collaborative approach.[73] The Fedora Project is sponsored primarily by Red Hat with additional support and sponsors from other companies and organizations.[74]

Fedora Linux, then known as "Fedora Core", was a fork of Red Hat Linux launched in 2003, when Red Hat Linux was discontinued so the team could focus on their paid version for servers: Red Hat Enterprise Linux.[75] Red Hat Enterprise Linux was to be Red Hat's only officially supported Linux distribution, while Fedora was to be a community distribution.[75] Red Hat Enterprise Linux branches its releases from versions of Fedora.[76]

Before Fedora 7, Fedora Linux was called Fedora Core after the name of one of the two main software repositories - Core and Extras. Fedora Core contained all the base packages that were required by the operating system, as well as other packages that were distributed along with the installation CD/DVDs, and was maintained only by Red Hat developers. Fedora Extras, the secondary repository that had been included since Fedora Core 3, was community-maintained and not distributed along with the installation CD/DVDs. Upon the release of Fedora 7, the distinction between Fedora Core and Fedora Extras was eliminated.[77]

Since the release of Fedora 21, as an effort to bring modularization to the Fedora distribution and make development more agile,[78][79] three different versions are available: Workstation, focused on the personal computer, Server and Atomic for servers, Atomic being the version meant for cloud computing.[13]

Fedora is a trademark of Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat's application for trademark status for the name "Fedora" was disputed by Cornell University and the University of Virginia Library, creators of the unrelated Fedora Commons digital repository management software.[80] The issue was resolved and the parties settled on a co-existence agreement that stated that the Cornell-UVA project could use the name when clearly associated with open source software for digital object repository systems and that Red Hat could use the name when it was clearly associated with open source computer operating systems.[81]

In April 2020, project leader Matthew Miller announced that Fedora Workstation would be shipping on select new ThinkPad laptops, thanks to a new partnership with Lenovo.[82]

Development and community

[edit]
See also: Fedora Project
The core values of the Fedora community

Development of the operating system and supporting programs is headed by the Fedora Project, which is composed of a community of developers and volunteers, and also Red Hat employees.[83] The Council is the top-level community leadership and governance body. Other bodies include the Fedora Engineering Steering Committee, responsible for the technical decisions behind the development of Fedora, and Fedora Mindshare Committee which coordinates outreach and non-technical activities, including representation of Fedora Worldwide e.g.: Ambassadors Program, CommOps team and Marketing, Design and Websites Team.[84]

Releases

[edit]
Main article: Fedora Linux release history

Red Hat Linux 9 to Fedora Core 1.

Fedora Core 1.0, a continuation of Red Hat Linux with GNOME 2.4 (2003-11)
Fedora 15 (Lovelock), the first release with GNOME 3 and GNOME Shell (2011-05)
Fedora 21, a version that brought experimental Wayland and HiDPI support (2014-12)

Fedora has a relatively short life cycle: version X is supported only until 1 month after version X+2 is released and with approximately 6 months between most versions, meaning a version of Fedora is usually supported for at least 13 months, possibly longer.[21] Fedora users can upgrade from version to version without reinstalling.[22][23]

The current release is Fedora 41, which was released on 29 October 2024.[85]

Releases of Fedora Linux
Version[86] Release[86] End-of-life[87] Kernel[88][a] GNOME[88]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1 (Yarrow) 2003-11-06 2004-09-20 2.4.22 2.4
Old version, no longer maintained: 2 (Tettnang) 2004-05-18 2005-04-11 2.6.5 2.6
Old version, no longer maintained: 3 (Heidelberg) 2004-11-08 2006-01-16 2.6.9 2.8
Old version, no longer maintained: 4 (Stentz) 2005-06-13 2006-08-07 2.6.11 2.10
Old version, no longer maintained: 5 (Bordeaux) 2006-03-20 2007-07-02 2.6.15 2.14
Old version, no longer maintained: 6 (Zod) 2006-10-24 2007-12-07 2.6.18 2.16
Old version, no longer maintained: 7 (Moonshine) 2007-05-31 2008-06-13 2.6.21 2.18
Old version, no longer maintained: 8 (Werewolf) 2007-11-08 2009-01-07 2.6.23 2.20
Old version, no longer maintained: 9 (Sulphur) 2008-05-24 2009-07-10 2.6.25 2.22
Old version, no longer maintained: 10 (Cambridge) 2008-11-25 2009-12-18 2.6.27 2.24
Old version, no longer maintained: 11 (Leonidas) 2009-06-09 2010-06-25 2.6.29 2.26
Old version, no longer maintained: 12 (Constantine) 2009-11-17 2010-12-02 2.6.31 2.28
Old version, no longer maintained: 13 (Goddard) 2010-05-25 2011-06-24 2.6.33 2.30
Old version, no longer maintained: 14 (Laughlin) 2010-10-29 2011-12-08 2.6.35 2.32
Old version, no longer maintained: 15 (Lovelock) 2011-05-24 2012-06-26 2.6.38 3.0
Old version, no longer maintained: 16 (Verne) 2011-11-08 2013-02-12 3.1 3.2
Old version, no longer maintained: 17 (Beefy Miracle) 2012-05-29 2013-07-30 3.3 3.4
Old version, no longer maintained: 18 (Spherical Cow) 2013-01-15 2014-01-14 3.6 3.6
Old version, no longer maintained: 19 (Schrödinger's Cat) 2013-07-02 2015-01-06 3.9 3.8
Old version, no longer maintained: 20 (Heisenbug) 2013-12-17 2015-06-23 3.11 3.10
Old version, no longer maintained: 21[90] 2014-12-09 2015-12-01 3.17 3.14
Old version, no longer maintained: 22 2015-05-26 2016-07-19 4.0 3.16
Old version, no longer maintained: 23 2015-11-03 2016-12-20 4.2 3.18
Old version, no longer maintained: 24 2016-06-21 2017-08-08 4.5 3.20
Old version, no longer maintained: 25 2016-11-22 2017-12-12 4.8 3.22
Old version, no longer maintained: 26 2017-07-11 2018-05-29 4.11 3.24
Old version, no longer maintained: 27 2017-11-14 2018-11-30 4.13 3.26
Old version, no longer maintained: 28 2018-05-01 2019-05-28 4.16 3.28
Old version, no longer maintained: 29 2018-10-30 2019-11-26 4.18 3.30
Old version, no longer maintained: 30 2019-05-07 2020-05-26 5.0 3.32
Old version, no longer maintained: 31 2019-10-29 2020-11-24 5.3 3.34
Old version, no longer maintained: 32 2020-04-28 2021-05-25 5.6 3.36
Old version, no longer maintained: 33 2020-10-27 2021-11-30 5.8 3.38
Old version, no longer maintained: 34 2021-04-27 2022-06-07 5.11 40
Old version, no longer maintained: 35 2021-11-02 2022-12-13 5.14 41
Old version, no longer maintained: 36 2022-05-10 2023-05-16 5.17 42
Old version, no longer maintained: 37 2022-11-15 2023-12-05 6.0 43
Old version, no longer maintained: 38 2023-04-18[91] 2024-05-21[91] 6.2 44
Old version, no longer maintained: 39 2023-11-07[92] 2024-11-26[92] 6.5 45
Old version, yet still maintained: 40 2024-04-23[93] 2025-05-13[93] 6.8 46
Current stable version: 41 2024-10-29[94] 2025-11-19[94] 6.11 47
Future release: 42 2025-04-22[95] 2026-05-13[95] [to be determined] 48
Future release: 43 2025-11-11[96] 2026-12-02[96] [to be determined] 49
Legend:
Old version, not maintained
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release
  1. ^ At the time of release. Supported releases are often updated to the latest stable version of the Linux kernel.[89]

Rawhide

[edit]

Rawhide is the development tree for Fedora.[97] This is a copy of a complete Fedora distribution where new software is added and tested, before inclusion in a later stable release. As such, Rawhide is often more feature rich than the current stable release. In many cases, the software is made of CVS, Subversion or Git source code snapshots which are often actively developed by programmers. Although Rawhide is targeted at advanced users, testers, and package maintainers, it is capable of being a primary operating system. Users interested in the Rawhide branch often update on a daily basis and help troubleshoot problems.[97] Rawhide users do not have to upgrade between different versions as it follows a rolling release update model.

See also

[edit]

References

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