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#REDIRECT [[Terraces (Baháʼí)]] |
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[[File:PikiWiki Israel 16270 Shrine of Bahaacute;ullaacute;h.JPG|thumb|300px|Gardens near the [[Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh]] in [[Acre, Israel]]]] |
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'''Bahá'í gardens''' can be found at [[Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í]] [[Bahá'í World Centre buildings|Holy Places in Israel]] and elsewhere, and at [[Bahá'í Houses of Worship]]. Many Bahá'í holy places in [[Haifa]] and around [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], [[Israel]] were inscribed on the [[World Heritage List]] in July 2008.<ref name="unesco1">{{Cite web| url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/452 | accessdate = 2008-07-08 | date = 2008-07-08 | title = Three new sites inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List | author = UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref><ref name="unesco2">{{Cite web| url = http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2007/whc07-31com-8be.pdf |format=PDF| title = Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage | page = 34 | author = World Heritage Committee | date = 2007-07-02 | accessdate = 2008-07-08}}</ref> Below a description of the most important gardens is given. Some of the Baha'i gardens in Israel are built on land expropriated from absentee Palestinian owners and religious endowments subsequent to the [[Nakba]]. <ref>http://www.bahaibahai.com/eng/index.php/articles?id=97</ref> |
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==In Haifa, Israel == |
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===Terraces of the Shrine of the Báb=== |
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[[File:Israel - Haifa - Bahai Gardens 004.jpg|thumb|The Terraces from above]] |
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[[File:Baha'i cactus gardens Haifa.jpg|thumb|Cactus garden near the Shrine of the Báb]] |
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[[File:Baha'i arc from archives.jpg|thumb|[[Arc (Bahá'í)|The Arc gardens]], behind the Shrine of the Báb]] |
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{{main|Terraces (Bahá'í)}} |
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The Terraces of the Bahá'í Faith, also known as the Hanging Gardens of Haifa, are [[Terrace garden|garden terraces]] around the [[Shrine of the Báb]] on [[Mount Carmel, Israel|Mount Carmel]] in [[Haifa]], [[Israel]]. They are one of the most visited tourist attractions in Israel. The architect is [[Fariborz Sahba]] from [[Iran]], the structural engineers are Karban and Co. from Haifa. |
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Fariborz Sahba began work in 1987 designing the gardens and oversaw construction. The terraces were opened to the public in June 2001.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last= Momen |first= Moojan |encyclopedia= Bahá’í Encyclopedia Project |title= Bahá'í World Center |year= 2009 |publisher= National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States |location= Evanston, IL |url= http://www.bahai-encyclopedia-project.org/index.php?view=article&catid=36%3Aadministrationinstitutions&id=74%3Abahai-world-center-&option=com_content&Itemid=74}}</ref> Beginning at its base, the gardens extend almost a kilometre up the side of Mount Carmel, covering some 200,000 square metres of land. The gardens are linked by a set of stairs flanked by twin streams of running water cascading down the mountainside through the steps and terrace bridges.<ref>[http://www.recreatingeden.com/index.php?pid=8&season=03&episode=30 Gardens of Worship: Recreating Eden (season 3, episode 30, 2006)]</ref> |
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The gardens have elements of the [[Persian gardens]] of [[Shiraz]], [[Iran]], the [[Nishat Bagh]] gardens of [[Jammu and Kashmir|Kashmir]], [[India]] and [[English gardens]],<ref>[http://www.ganbahai.org.il/en/learn-more/design-management/carmel-design Design Features of the Terraced Gardens on Mount Carmel]</ref> isolating the site from the noise of the surroundings and connecting the different Bahá'í buildings on Mount Carmel together.<ref>[http://www.ganbahai.org.il/en/learn-more/design-management/ Yael Hammerman: Distinctive Design of the Bahá’í Gardens]</ref> |
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===Arc and Monument Gardens=== |
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The Monument Gardens, set within the [[Arc (Bahá'í)|Arc gardens]] at the [[Bahá'í World Centre]] on Mount Carmel, are a set of gardens which hold the graves of some of the members of the Bahá'í holy family. |
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<gallery class="center"> |
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Image:monumentbahiyyihkhanum.JPG|The grave of [[Bahíyyih Khánum]], Bahá'u'lláh's daughter |
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Image:MirzaMihdiNavvabMonuments.jpg|The graves of [[Ásiyih Khánum]] (Navváb), Bahá'u'lláh's first wife, and [[Mirzá Mihdí]], Bahá'u'lláh's youngest son |
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Image:Monumentmunirihkhanum.JPG|The grave of [[Munirih Khánum]], [[`Abdu'l-Bahá]]'s wife |
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</gallery> |
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==Near Acre, Israel== |
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===Gardens of Bahjí=== |
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{{main|Bahjí|Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh}} |
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[[File:PikiWiki Israel 15669 Geography of Israel.jpg|thumb|Bahá'í gardens at Bahjí]] |
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[[File:Shrine of Bahá’u’lláh.jpg|thumb|left|Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh with tree-filled indoor garden]] |
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The Mansion of Bahjí (Arabic: ''delight'') is a summer house near [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], Israel, where [[Bahá'u'lláh]], founder of the Bahá'í Faith died in 1892. His [[Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh|shrine]] is located next to this house. The whole area was called ''Al-Bahjá'' (''Place of Delight''). The site has since been beautified with paradise gardens, which are called ''Haram-i-Aqdas'' (the Most Holy Precincts or Sanctuary) and are intersected by a circular path which serves to [[Circumambulation|circumambulate]] the shrine. The Mansion, shrine, and surrounding gardens are among the most sacred spots on earth for Bahá'ís and are [[Bahá'í pilgrimage]] sites.<ref name="PSmith">{{Harvnb|Smith|2000|pp=87–89}}</ref><ref name="Balyuzi362">{{Harvnb|Balyuzi|2000|p=362}}</ref> |
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The Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh is composed of a central area that contains a small, tree-filled garden surrounded by paths covered with Persian rugs.<ref>{{cite journal | author = National Spiritual Assembly of the United States |date=January 1966 | title = Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh | journal = Bahá'í News | issue = 418 | page = 4 | url = https://bahai.bwc.org/pilgrimage/Intro/visit_2.asp | accessdate = 2006-08-12}}</ref><ref name="aesth">{{cite web | last = Viswanathan | first = G. M. | title = Bahá'í Aesthetics of the Sacred | publisher = bahai-library.com | date= 1994-07-24 | url = http://bahai-library.com/pilgrims/pilgrimage.viswanathan/pilgrimage08.html | accessdate = 2006-08-12}}</ref> A glass roof was constructed by Qulám-‘Alíy-i-Najjár after the death of Bahá'u'lláh.<ref>{{Cite book |last = `Abdu'l-Bahá |author-link = `Abdu'l-Bahá |year = 1915 |publication-date = 1997 |title = Memorials of the Faithful |publisher = Bahá'í Publishing Trust |place = Wilmette, Illinois, USA |isbn = 0-87743-242-2 |url = http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/MF/mf-54.html |page = 144}}</ref> At the northwest corner of the central area there is a small room where Bahá'u'lláh's remains are laid to rest.<ref name="manvell">{{cite web | title = Visits to the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh and Meeting with the members of the Universal House of Justice | last = Manvell | first = Christ | date = November 1996| accessdate = 2006-08-12 | url= http://bahai-library.com/manvell_bahai_pilgrimage#2 | publisher = bahai-library.com}}</ref><ref>For pictures of the central room and the inner shrine, see ''The Bahá'í World'', Vol III, p. 5 and 11.</ref> |
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===Garden of Ridván=== |
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[[File:Garden-of-Ridvan.jpg|thumb|right|Garden of Ridván, Akká]] |
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{{main|Garden of Ridván, Akka}} |
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The Garden of Ridván (lit. garden of paradise) is a Bahá'í holy place situated just outside Acre. Originally known as the 'garden of Na‘mayn', it was rented by [[`Abdu'l-Bahá]] (Bahá'u'lláh's son) for Bahá'u'lláh where he enjoyed spending the later part of his life, after years in a desolute prison cell. Although it shares the same name it does not have the same significance of the Garden of Ridván in Baghdad and no connection to the festival of [[Ridván]]. |
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During the 1930s and 1940s the island setting of the garden disappeared, as a result of a draining project against malaria. In 2010 a three year restoration and conservation project of the garden and the original water canals surrounding it was completed, after which the Ridvan Garden, referred to by Bahá'u'lláh as 'Our Verdant Isle', became an island once again.<ref>[http://news.bahai.org/story/797 BWNS: Holy place restoration sheds light on region's heritage] 29 October 2010.</ref> |
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==Near Baghdad, Iraq== |
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===Garden of Ridván=== |
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[[File:Ridvan-garden-baghdad.jpg|thumb|Garden of Ridván, Baghdad]] |
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{{main|Garden of Ridván, Baghdad}} |
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The Garden of Ridván or Najibiyyih Garden<ref name="walbridge">{{cite book |chapter=Ridvan| title = Sacred Acts, Sacred Space, Sacred Time | first = John | last = Walbridge | year = 2005| url = http://bahai-library.com/walbridge_encyclopedia_ridvan | publisher = George Ronald | location = Oxford, UK | isbn = 0-85398-406-9}}</ref> was a wooded garden in what is now [[Baghdad]]'s [[Al-Rusafa, Iraq|Rusafa District]], on the banks of the [[Tigris]] river. It is notable as the location where Bahá'u'lláh stayed for twelve days from April 21 to May 2, 1863, after the [[Ottoman Empire]] exiled him from Baghdad and before commencing his journey to [[Constantinople]]. During his stay in this garden, Bahá'u'lláh announced to his followers that he was the messianic figure whose coming had been foretold by the [[Báb]]. These events are celebrated annually during the [[Ridván|Festival of Ridván]].<ref name="walbridge" /> |
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==At Bahá’í Houses of Worship== |
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{{main|Bahá'í House of Worship}} |
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Bahá'í House of Worship, sometimes referred to by its Arabic name of Ma<u>sh</u>riqu'l-A<u>dh</u>kár ("Dawning-place of the remembrance of God"),<ref name="Smith">{{cite encyclopedia |last= Smith |first= Peter |encyclopedia= A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith |title= Mashriqu'l-Adhkhár |year= 2000 |publisher=Oneworld Publications |location= Oxford |isbn= 1-85168-184-1 |page= 235}}</ref> is the designation of a place of worship, or temple, of the Bahá'í Faith. All Bahá'í temples are surrounded by gardens. |
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<gallery class="center"> |
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File:Pools-at-Lotus-Temple.jpg|One of the nine ponds at the Lotus Temple [[Lotus Temple]], [[New Delhi]], [[India]] |
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File:Templo Baha'i.jpg| Baha'i House of Worship, [[Wilmette]], [[United States]] |
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File:Bahai-apia.jpg|Bahá'í House of Worship, Tiapapata, [[Samoa]] |
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</gallery> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commons|Bahá'í gardens}} |
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*{{cite web |
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|title=The Bahá'í Gardens - Official Website |
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|publisher=Bahá’í World Centre |
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|url=http://www.ganbahai.org.il/en |
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|date=2012-02-27 |
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}} |
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{{Bahá'í-2}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Baha'i gardens}} |
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[[Category:Bahá'í gardens| ]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:14, 8 September 2021
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