OTO Melara 76 mm: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Naval artillery piece}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} |
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{{Multiple issues| |
{{Multiple issues| |
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{{ |
{{more citations needed|date=April 2010}} |
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{{refimprove|date=April 2010}} |
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{{expert subject|date=April 2010}} |
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{{update|date=April 2010}} |
{{update|date=April 2010}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox weapon |
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|name=OTO Melara 76 mm |
| name = OTO Melara 76 mm |
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|image=[[File: |
| image = [[File:Oto Melara 76mm Super Rapid Gun mount on HTMS Bhumibol Adulyadej (FFG-471) right front view at JMSDF Yokosuka Naval Base November 3, 2022 01.jpg|300px|76/62 Super Rapid]] |
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|caption=The OTO Melara 76mm ''Super Rapid'' as mounted in a stealth cupola (to reduce [[ |
| caption = The OTO Melara 76mm ''Super Rapid'' as mounted in a stealth cupola (to reduce [[radar cross-section]]) onboard [[HTMS Bhumibol Adulyadej]]. |
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|origin= |
| origin = Italy<!-- Country flag removed per [[WP:Manual of Style#Images]]. --> |
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|type=[[Naval artillery|Naval gun]] |
| type = [[Naval artillery|Naval gun]] |
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<!-- Type selection --> |
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = yes |
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| is_artillery = yes |
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|is_ranged=yes |
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<!-- Service history -->| service = 1964–present |
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|is_artillery=yes |
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| used_by = See ''[[#Operators|operators]]'' |
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<!-- Service history --> |
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| wars = <!-- Production history --> |
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|service=1964 – present |
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| designer = [[OTO Melara]] |
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|used_by=See ''[[#Users|users]]'' |
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| design_date = Compact: 1963<br>Super Rapid: 1985<br>Strales: 2004 |
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|wars= |
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| manufacturer = Otobreda: 1963–2001<br>[[Bharat Heavy Electricals|BHEL]] Haridwar : 1995–present (under licence)<br>OTO Melara (subsidiary of Finmeccanica): 2001–2015<br>[[Leonardo-Finmeccanica]]: since 2016<br>[[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo]]: since 2017 |
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<!-- Production history --> |
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| unit_cost = |
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|designer=[[Oto Melara]] |
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| production_date = Compact: 1964<br>Super Rapid: 1985<br>Strales: 2008 |
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| number = |
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|manufacturer=Oto Melara: 1963–2001<br>Otobreda (subsidiary of [[Finmeccanica]]): since 2001 |
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| variants = See ''[[#Variants|variants]]'' |
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|unit_cost= |
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<!-- General specifications -->| spec_label = |
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|production_date=Compact: 1964<br>Super Rapid: 1988<br>Strales: 2008 |
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| weight = Empty: {{convert|7.5|t|lb|lk=on}} |
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|number= |
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| length = |
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|variants=See ''[[#Variants|variants]]'' |
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| part_length = 62 caliber: {{convert|4724.4|mm|in|abbr=on}} |
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<!-- General specifications --> |
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| width = |
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|spec_label= |
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| height = |
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|weight=Empty: {{convert|7.5|t|lb|lk=on}} |
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| diameter = |
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|length= |
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| crew = remote controlled |
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|part_length=62 caliber: {{convert|4724.4|mm|in|abbr=on}} |
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<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge = 76×636mmR<ref name="ordtech">{{Cite web |title=Ordtech Ammunition 76 mm OTO MELARA 76/62 |url=http://www.ordtech-industries.com/2products/Ammunition/Large/76L62.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106221457/http://www.ordtech-industries.com:80/2products/Ammunition/Large/76L62.html |archive-date=2017-11-06 |website=Ordtech Military Industries}}</ref><br>shell weight {{convert|6.3|kg|lb|lk=on}}<br>propellant weight {{convert|2.35|kg|lb|lk=on}} |
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|width= |
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| cartridge_weight = {{convert|12.4|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="ordtech" /><ref name="elbit">{{cite web |title=76mm HE-M77 Naval Ammunition |url=https://elbitsystems.com/media/76mm-Naval-Ammunition_3_Web.pdf |website=Elbit Systems |access-date=5 October 2024|format=pdf}}</ref> |
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|height= |
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| caliber = {{convert|76.2|mm|in|abbr=on}} |
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|diameter= |
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| barrels = |
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|crew= remote controlled |
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| action = |
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<!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> |
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| rate = ''Compact'': 85 rounds/min<br>''Super Rapid'': 120 rounds/min |
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|cartridge=76×636mmR<br>cartridge weight {{convert|12.5|kg|lb|lk=on}}<br>shell weight {{convert|6.3|kg|lb|lk=on}}<br>propellant weight {{convert|2.35|kg|lb|lk=on}} |
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| |
| velocity = {{convert|915|m/s|abbr=on}} |
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| range = |
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|barrels= |
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| max_range = HE-PFF 16,000 m <br /> |
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|action= |
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SAPOMER 20,000 m<br /> |
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|rate=''Compact'': 85 rounds/min<br>''Super Rapid'': 120 rounds/min |
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VULCANO 40,000 m |
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|velocity={{convert|915|m/s|abbr=on}} |
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| feed = [[Magazine (artillery)|Magazine capacity]]:<br>80 ready rounds on ''Compact'' gun mount |
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|range= |
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| sights = <!-- Artillery specifications --> |
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|max_range= |
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| breech = |
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HE-PFF 16,000 m |
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| recoil = |
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SAPOMER 20,000 m<br /> |
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| carriage = |
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76 Vulcano 40,000 m |
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| elevation = −15°/+85°<br>speed: 35°/s (acceleration: 72°/s²) |
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(Future) |
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| traverse = 360°<br>speed: 60°/s (acceleration: 72°/s²) |
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|feed=[[Magazine (artillery)|Magazine capacity]]:<br>80 ready rounds on ''Compact'' gun mount |
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|sights= |
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<!-- Artillery specifications --> |
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|breech= |
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|recoil= |
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|carriage= |
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|elevation=-15°/+85°<br>speed: 35°/s (acceleration: 72°/s²) |
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|traverse=360°<br>speed: 60°/s (acceleration: 72°/s²) |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''OTO Melara 76 mm''' gun is a naval |
The '''OTO Melara 76 mm''' gun, marketed as the '''OTO 76/62 Gun Mount''', is a naval [[autocannon]] built and designed by the Italian [[Defense contractor|defence]] company [[OTO Melara]]. It is based on the OTO Melara 76/62C and evolved toward 76/62 SR and 76/62 Strales.<ref name="urlItaly 76 mm/62 (3) Compact, SR - NavWeaps">{{cite web |url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_3-62_mk75.php |title=Italy 76 mm/62 (3") Compact, SR – NavWeaps }}</ref> |
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The system is compact enough to be installed on relatively small warships. Its high rate of fire and the availability of several types of ammunition make it capable of short-range [[Missile defense|anti-missile]] [[Point-defence|point defence]], [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]], [[Anti-surface warfare|anti-surface]], and [[Fire support|ground support]]. Ammunition includes [[Armour-piercing ammunition|armour-piercing]], [[Incendiary ammunition|incendiary]], [[Fragmentation ammunition|directed fragmentation effects]], and a guided round marketed as capable of destroying maneuvering [[anti-ship missile]]s. It can be installed in a stealth [[Gun turret|cupola]]. |
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The OTO Melara 76 mm has been widely exported, currently in use internationally by 60 navies. It has recently been favoured over the [[French 100mm naval gun]] for the joint French/Italian {{sclass2-|Horizon|frigate|2}} project and [[FREMM multipurpose frigate|FREMM frigate]]. On 27 September 2006 [[Iran]] announced it has started mass production of a marine artillery gun, named the [[Fajr-27]], which is a [[reverse-engineered]] Oto Melara 76 mm gun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=17626 |title=Iran to mass produce new artillery gun |publisher=Middle East Online |date=2006-09-27 |accessdate=2012-08-05}}</ref> |
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The OTO Melara 76 mm has been widely [[export]]ed, and is in use by sixty navies. It was favored over the [[French 100mm naval gun]] for the joint French/Italian {{sclass2|Horizon|frigate|2}} project and [[FREMM multipurpose frigate|FREMM frigate]]. |
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On 27 September 2006 Iran announced it had started mass production of the [[Fajr-27]], which is a [[reverse-engineered]] copy of the OTO Melara 76 mm Compact gun.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=17626 |title=Iran to mass produce new artillery gun |publisher=Middle East Online |date=27 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930160753/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=17626 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==Other specifications== |
==Other specifications== |
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*'''Cooling:''' sea water—fresh water for flushing |
* '''Cooling:''' sea water—fresh water for flushing |
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*'''Electrical Power supply''' |
* '''Electrical Power supply''' |
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**440 V, 3-phase, 60 Hz, main circuit; |
** 440 V, 3-phase, 60 Hz, main circuit; |
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**115 V, 1-phase, 400 Hz, servo and synchro network |
** 115 V, 1-phase, 400 Hz, servo and synchro network |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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{{Multi image |
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| image1 = OTO Melara 76mm Gun aboard ROCN Tzu I (PFG-1107) 20140327a.jpg |
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| caption1 = The original "Compact" variant with a circular cupola. |
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| align = left |
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| image2 = OTO Melara 76mm gun mounted on JS Umitaka(PG-828) left front view at JMSDF Maizuru Air Station July 29, 2017.jpg |
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| caption2 = The newer "Super Rapid" version with a diagonal, stealthy cupola |
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| direction = vertical |
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}} |
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{{Unreferenced section |date=August 2021}} |
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=== |
=== Compact === |
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The original version has a rate of fire of 85 rounds per minute. |
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=== Super Rapid === |
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Developed in the early 1980s (and sometimes called the "Super Rapido"), this variant is the up-to-date development of rapid fire Italian 76 mm naval cannons, capable of firing an increased 120 rounds per minute. The Super Rapid's higher rate of fire was achieved by designing a faster feed system. |
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The Super Rapid or "''Super Rapido''" variant, with a higher rate of fire of 120 rounds per minute, was developed in the early 1980s and remains current {{As of|2023|lc=y}}. The Super Rapid's higher rate of fire was achieved by designing a faster feed system.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} |
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=== Strales System === |
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The Italian navy preferred the improved ''Super Rapido'' with Strales System and [[#DART|DART ammunition]] to the [[DARDO|Fast Forty]] 40 mm [[CIWS]] in the anti-missile defense role as it is capable of countering several subsonic missiles up to 8,000 meters away.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} It is a medium caliber gun with relatively long range, and can also be used against surface targets.<ref>Annati, Massimo: ''La difesa antimissile della MM'', RiD magazine, Chiavari, September 2006</ref> |
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=== Sovraponte === |
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These new improvements led to the Italian Navy preferring the Super Rapido with Strales System and DART ammunition to the Fast Forty 40 mm [[CIWS]], in the anti-missile defence role, being capable of countering several subsonic missiles from 6,000 to 1,000 meters away. DART 76m had a longer range than other CIWS, but the Italian navy wanted an even longer range weapon. |
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The 76/62 ''Sovraponte'' ("over deck") is a new compact lightweight mount for the 76/62 gun. The system is around 30–40% lighter than the standard Super Rapid and its installation requires no penetration of the deck below; the mount houses 76 ready-to-fire rounds and is available for sale both with or without the Strales system. The ''Sovraponte'' mount was installed for the first time on the [[Thaon di Revel-class offshore patrol vessel|Thaon di Revel-class]] patrol vessel of the Italian Navy, positioned above the roof of the helicopter hangar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le artiglierie navali di Leonardo|url=https://www.portaledifesa.it/index~phppag,3_id,2724.html|website=Rivista Italiana Difesa|language=it|access-date=24 September 2020|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127000124/https://www.portaledifesa.it/index~phppag,3_id,2724.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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The {{sclass-|Durand de la Penne|destroyer|4}} was initially planned to carry four 40 mm Fast Forty dual turrets, but they were replaced by three 76 mm Super Rapido turrets. The longer range means one single gun can engage more than one missile in a single engagement, and minimises the danger posed by fragments and splinters if a missile is destroyed close to the ship. The 76 mm was also capable of being used versus surface targets, being a medium caliber gun with relatively long range.<ref>Annati, Massimo: ''La difesa antimissile della MM'', RiD magazine, Chiavari, September 2006</ref> |
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==Ammunition== |
==Ammunition== |
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To provide multiple roles for the gun, OTO provides the user with wide ranges of specialized ammunition:<ref>Po, Enrico, April 1997</ref> |
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* [[Explosive material|HE]] standard: weight 6.296 kg, range 16 km, effective 8 km (10 km vs. air targets at 85°) |
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To provide multiple roles for the gun, OTO provides the user with wide ranges of specialised ammunition:<ref>Po, Enrico, April 1997</ref> |
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* MOM: developed by OTO (Multirole OTO Munition) |
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* PFF: anti-missile projectile, with proximity fuze and tungsten balls embedded in the shell for defined fragmentation effect |
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*[[Explosive material|HE]] standard (all models): weight 6.296 kg, range 16 km, effective 8 km (4 km vs. air targets at 85°) |
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* SAPOM: 6.35 kg (0.46 kg HE), range 16 km (SAPOMER: 20 km) semi-armour piercing |
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*MOM: developed by OTO (Multirole OTO Munition) |
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* DART: guided projectile for anti-aircraft and anti-missile manoeuvering targets<ref>{{cite web |title=DART |url=https://www.leonardocompany.com/it/products/dart-1 |website=www.leonardocompany.com |access-date=16 December 2020 |language=it-IT}}</ref> |
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*PFF: anti-missile projectile, with proximity fuse and tungsten balls embedded in the shell for defined fragmentation effect |
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* VULCANO: 5 kg, guided (GLR) projectile with a maximum range around 40 km (it is a smaller version of the 127 mm Vulcano)<ref>Stanglini, Ruggero: ''Dart/DAVIDE, antimissile, ma non solo, PD Magazine, Ed.ai, Firenze, June 2003</ref> |
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*SAPOM: 6.35 kg (0.46 kg HE), range 16 km (SAPOMER: 20 km) semi-armoured piercing |
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*DART: guided projectile for anti-aircraft manoeuvring targets |
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*Vulcano: 5 kg, maximum range around 40 km (it is a smaller version of the 127 mm Vulcano)<ref>Stanglini, Ruggero: ''Dart/DAVIDE, antimissile, ma non solo, PD Magazine, Ed.ai, Firenze, June 2003</ref> |
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===Fire control system=== |
===Fire control system=== |
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There were evolutions in the gun's fire control systems as well. The early versions (Compatto) utilised radars such the RTN-10X Orion (made by Selenia, now [[SELEX Sistemi Integrati|Selex]]); |
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From the early 1980s the gun was equipped with a more powerful and flexible system, the RTN-30X (used with the Dardo-E CIWS system and known within the [[Italian Navy]] as SPG-73), that was capable to manage both guns (40, 76, and 127 mm calibres) and missiles ([[Sea Sparrow]]-[[Aspide]]). This system came into service with the Italian Navy on the cruiser ''Garibaldi'' (C551: the RTN-30X entered service first on the {{sclass|Maestrale|frigate}}s; the Dardo 40 mm turret was slaved to the smaller and older RTN-20X radars), but still with the twin 40 mm Dardo's turrets. The first ship equipped with Dardo E and 76 mm Super Rapido was the upgraded {{sclass|Audace|destroyer}}s, later followed by the ''[[Durand de la Penne-class destroyer|Durand de la Penne]]'' class. The 76/62 has also been used with many other fire control systems when not in Italian service. |
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There were evolutions in the gun's fire control systems as well. The early versions (Compatto) utilised radars such the RTN-10X Orion (made by Selenia, now Selex); |
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From the early 1980s there was a more powerful and flexible system, the RTN-30X (used with the Dardo-E CIWS system and known within [[Italian Navy]] as SPG-73), that was capable to manage both guns (40,76 and 127 mm calibres) and missiles ([[Sea Sparrow]]-[[Aspide]]). This system came in service with the Italian Navy, on the cruiser ''Garibaldi'' (C551: the RTN-30X entered in service first with {{sclass-|Maestrale|frigate}}s, but the Dardo 40 mm turret were slaved to the smaller and older RTN-20X radars), but still with the twin 40 mm Dardo's turrets; while the first ship equipped with Dardo E and 76 mm Super Rapido was the upgraded {{sclass-|Audace|destroyer}}s, later followed by the ''Durand de la Penne'' class. The 76/62 has also been used with countless other fire control systems, when not being used in the Italian fleet. |
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===Fuses=== |
===Fuses=== |
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There have been many developments in the fuses, essential to shoot down low-flying missiles. The best fuze developed for the 76/62 guns is arguably the 3A-Plus programmable multi-role fuse, manufactured by [[OTO Melara]] and [[Simmel Difesa]], introduced in the early 2000s. This fuse requires the installation of a fuse programmer in the mount.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} |
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The programmable multi-role fuse features several modes including a time mode for air burst and a number of proximity modes: gated proximity, anti-missile proximity, conventional air defense proximity and anti-surface proximity.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} |
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There have been many developments in the fuses, essential to shoot down low-flying missiles. The best fuse developed for the 76/62 guns is arguably the 3A-Plus programmable multi-role fuse, manufactured by Oto Melara and Simmel Difesa, introduced in the early 2000s. This fuse requires the installation of a fuse programmer in the mount. |
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The fusing includes a [[Digital signal processor|DSP]] which rejects ground/sea clutter and so is capable of detecting a missile flying as low as two meters above sea level. It has the capability to recognise a target at a 10-meter stand-off. In all, the fuze greatly increases the effectiveness of the gun when engaging anti-ship missiles. |
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The programmable multi-role fuse offers the user different modes for excellent flexibility, including a time mode for air burst; proximity mode: including Gated Proximity, Anti-Missile Proximity, Conventional Air Defence Proximity and Anti-Surface Proximity Modes; and several different impact modes: including Delayed Impact. |
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The system includes a [[Digital signal processor|DSP]] which rejects ground/sea clutter and makes the fuse capable of detecting a missile flying as low as two meters above sea level. It has the capability to recognise a target at a 10-meter stand-off. In all, the fuse greatly increases the effectiveness of the gun when engaging anti-ship missiles. |
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===DART=== |
===DART=== |
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Since the 1980s efforts were made for development of guided 76 mm ammunition, but this was not achieved until recently. The first such ammunition was the CCS (Course Corrected Shell), also known as 'CORRETTO'; a joint program of OTO and British Aerospace.<ref name="Annati, Massimo, 2006">Annati, Massimo, 2006</ref> Work started in 1985. The projectile had several small rockets in order to deviate the trajectory. Radio commands were sent from the ship FCS. The FCS did not know the exact position of the projectile, only that of the target. This system was too complex and unreliable, so OTO studied another development in order to obtain a real 'guided ammunition'. |
Since the 1980s efforts were made for development of guided 76 mm ammunition, but this was not achieved until recently. The first such ammunition was the CCS (Course Corrected Shell), also known as 'CORRETTO'; a joint program of OTO and British Aerospace.<ref name="Annati, Massimo, 2006">Annati, Massimo, 2006</ref> Work started in 1985. The projectile had several small rockets in order to deviate the trajectory. Radio commands were sent from the ship FCS. The FCS did not know the exact position of the projectile, only that of the target. This system was too complex and unreliable, so OTO studied another development in order to obtain a real 'guided ammunition'. |
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The result of this development is a system which was called DAVIDE just for the Italian market and STRALES for export purposes while the fired guided ammunition is called DART(Driven Ammunition Reduced Time of flight).<ref name="Annati, Massimo, 2006"/> |
The result of this development is a system which was called DAVIDE just for the Italian market and STRALES for export purposes while the fired guided ammunition is called DART (Driven Ammunition Reduced Time of flight).<ref name="Annati, Massimo, 2006"/> |
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The DART projectile is similar in many aspects to other hyper-velocity systems, for example the [[Starstreak]] SAM missile's multi-dart warhead, but is a guided gun projectile with radio controls and a proximity |
The DART projectile is similar in many aspects to other hyper-velocity systems, for example the [[Starstreak]] SAM missile's multi-dart warhead, but is a guided gun projectile with radio controls and a proximity fuze for low level engagement (up to 2 meters over the sea). DART is fired at {{convert|1200|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}, can reach 5 km range in only 5 seconds, and can perform up to 40G maneuver.<ref>OTO STRALES Guidance System for 76MM and OTO DART Ammunition [https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/3150920/BROCHURE_2016_OTO+STRALES+-+OTO+DART+HQ+%28mm08726%29.pdf?t=1553002078948 Brochure]</ref> The DART projectile is made of two parts: the forward is free to rotate and has two small canard wings for flight control. The aft part has the 2.5 kg warhead (with tungsten cubes and the 3A millimetric wave new fuse), six fixed wings and the radio receivers.<ref name="Annati, Massimo, 2006"/> |
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The guidance system is Command Line of Sight (CLOS). It uses a TX antenna installed on gun. The radio-command for them is provided on a broadcast data-link (Ka Band).<ref name="Annati, Massimo, 2006"/> |
The guidance system is Command Line of Sight (CLOS). It uses a TX antenna installed on gun. The radio-command for them is provided on a broadcast data-link (Ka Band).<ref name="Annati, Massimo, 2006"/> |
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The first lot of DART |
The first lot of DART 76mm guided ammunition, produced by OTO Melara, was successfully tested at the end of March, 2014. The firing trials were conducted on board one of the Italian Navy's ships equipped with Strales 76mm SR and Selex NA25 fire control system.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.otomelara.it/-/dart-strales-76mm |title=The Strales 76mm system with DART guided ammunition |date=18 April 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430091820/http://www.otomelara.it/-/dart-strales-76mm |archive-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first firing trials of the DART ammunition bought by Colombia in 2012 were successfully conducted in the Caribbean Sea on 29 August from the 76/62 Strales inner-layer defence system fitted to its modernized FS 1500 Padilla-class frigates.<ref name="janes.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.janes.com/article/43167/colombia-conducts-first-dart-firings |title=Colombia conducts first DART firings |date=17 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917112112/http://www.janes.com/article/43167/colombia-conducts-first-dart-firings |archive-date=17 September 2014 }}</ref> |
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===VULCANO=== |
===VULCANO=== |
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The more recent development is the VULCANO 76 ammunition system. Basically, it is a scaled-down version of the 127–155 mm Vulcano family of extended-range projectiles developed by OTO Melara; guided by an [[inertial navigation system]] and [[Global Positioning System]]s, it is capable of hitting targets twice the distance of normal 76 mm gun ammunition.<ref>Po, Eugenio: ''Oto Melara guarda al futuro'', RiD Magazine, July 2009</ref> GPS-IMU guidance and IR or SALT Terminal sensor.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.janes.com/article/43167/colombia-conducts-first-dart-firings |title=Vulcano 76 mm |publisher=Oto Melara |date=17 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918194439/http://www.janes.com/article/43167/colombia-conducts-first-dart-firings |archive-date=18 September 2014 }}</ref> |
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The Vulcan 76 GLR ammunition is expected to complete the development, test and qualification process by late 2022 with the delivery of production rounds to customers from 2023–24 onwards.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/leonardos-76-62-mm-super-rapido-the-full-spectrum-medium-artillery |title=Leonardo's 76/62 mm Super Rapido: the full spectrum medium artillery |publisher=EDR Magazine |date=10 July 2020 }}</ref> |
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The more recent development is the VULCANO 76 ammunition system. Basically, it is a scaled down version of the 127–155 mm Vulcano family of extended-range projectiles developed by Oto Melara; guided by [[Inertial navigation system|Inertial Navigation System]] and [[Global Positioning System]]s, it is capable of hitting targets twice the distance of normal 76 mm gun ammunition.<ref>Po, Eugenio: ''Oto Melara guarda al futuro'', RiD Magazine, July 2009</ref> GPS-IMU guidance and IR or SALT Terminal sensor <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.janes.com/article/43167/colombia-conducts-first-dart-firings |title=Vulcano 76 mm |publisher=Oto Melara |date=2014-09-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20140918194439/http://www.janes.com:80/article/43167/colombia-conducts-first-dart-firings |archivedate=18 September 2014 }}</ref> |
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===Other uses=== |
===Other uses=== |
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{{Main|Rooikat}} |
{{Main|Rooikat}} |
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Most of the basic ammunition types offered for the |
Most of the basic ammunition types offered for the OTO Melara 76mm can also be fired from the South African [[Rooikat]] [[armoured car (military)|armoured car]] with slight modification to change from electric to percussion primers. This is the only land-based vehicle system capable of deploying the same ammunition as its naval counterpart.<ref name="Jane1">Jane's Armour and Artillery, 2001–2002, Volume 23 p. 244-345.</ref> |
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== |
==Operators== |
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[[File:OtoMelara76mmoperators.png|thumb|Map with OTO Melara 76mm operators in blue]] |
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<!-- Expend at will(with citation), this is far from complete ! --> |
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Platforms using the Oto-Melara 76 mm include: |
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<!-- Expend at will, this is far from complete ! --> |
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===Asia=== |
===Asia=== |
||
;{{BAN}} |
;{{BAN}} |
||
* [[BNS Bangabandhu |
* [[BNS Bangabandhu]] (Ulsan class frigate) |
||
* [[BNS Somudra Joy]]- |
* [[BNS Somudra Joy]] (ex-USCG {{sclass|Hamilton|cutter|0}} [[United States Coast Guard Cutter|cutter]]) |
||
* [[BNS Somudra Avijan]](ex-USCG {{sclass|Hamilton|cutter|0}} [[United States Coast Guard Cutter|cutter]]) |
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;{{ |
;{{flag|Brunei}} |
||
* KDB As-Siddiq (ex-Singaporean {{sclass|Fearless|patrol vessel}}) |
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* {{sclass-|Van Speijk|frigate}} - 1 x 6 |
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* KDB A-Faruq (ex-Singaporean {{sclass|Fearless|patrol vessel}}) |
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* {{sclass2-|Sigma|corvette}} - 1 x 5 |
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* [[Nakhoda Ragam-class corvette|Bung Tomo class corvette]] - 1 x 3 |
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;{{IND}} |
;{{IND}} |
||
* [[INS Vikrant (2013)|INS ''Vikrant'']] (aircraft carrier) |
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* {{sclass-|Kolkata|destroyer}} - 1 x 3 |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Visakhapatnam|destroyer}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Kolkata|destroyer}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Rajput|destroyer}} (3 out of 5 ships after refit) |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Godavari|frigate}} (decommissioned) |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Brahmaputra|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Shivalik|frigate}} |
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* {{sclass|Talwar|frigate}} (Mounted on 1 of 6 ships, with other ships to receive the gun during MLU) |
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* [[INS Vikrant (2013)|Vikrant Class Aircraft Carrier]]- 4 guns per ship |
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* {{sclass|Kora|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass|Kamorta|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass|Veer|corvette}} (Mounted on the last 2 of 13 ships) |
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* {{sclass|Samar|offshore patrol vessel}} (operated by the [[Indian Coast Guard]]) |
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;{{ |
;{{IDN}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Ahmad Yani|frigate}} (ex-RNLN {{sclass|Van Speijk|frigate}}s) |
||
* {{sclass|Diponegoro|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass|Raja Haji Fisabilillah-class offshore patrol vessel |OPV}} (Planned) |
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* {{sclass|Bung Tomo|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass|Martadinata|frigate}} |
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*''Paiton'' Naval Gunnery Firing Range (OTO Melara 76mm Compact)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indonesia commissions shore-based 76 mm naval gun|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesia-commissions-shore-based-76-mm-naval-gun|access-date=2021-09-17|website=Janes.com|date=30 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> |
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;{{ISR}} |
;{{ISR}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Sa'ar 3|missile boat}} (decommissioned) |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Sa'ar 4|missile boat}} (decommissioned) |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Sa'ar 4.5|missile boat}} |
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* {{sclass|Sa'ar 6|corvette}} |
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[[File:Oto Melara 76mm kanon op JS Setogiri, -8 Oct. 2012 d.jpg|thumb|JMSDF's ''Asagiri-class'' destroyer - ''JS Setogiri'' (DD-156) showing off her main gun at maximum elevation of +85°.]] |
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[[File:76mmShell.jpg|thumb|Cartridge and case of the OTO Melara 76mm gun in Japanese service.]] |
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[[File:Oto Melara 76mm kanon op JS Setogiri, -8 Oct. 2012 d.jpg|thumb|JMSDF's ''Asagiri-class'' destroyer – ''JS Setogiri'' (DD-156) showing off her main gun at maximum elevation of +85°.]] |
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;{{JPN}} |
;{{JPN}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Hatsuyuki|destroyer}} (decommissioned) |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Asagiri|destroyer}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Murasame|destroyer (1994)|0}} [[destroyer]] |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Minegumo|destroyer}} (JDS Murakumo only) (decommissioned) |
||
* {{JDS|Ishikari|DE-226|6}} |
* {{JDS|Ishikari|DE-226|6}} (decommissioned) |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Yubari|destroyer escort}} (decommissioned) |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Abukuma|destroyer escort}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Hayabusa|patrol boat}} |
||
;{{flag|North Korea}} (OTO Melara 76mm gun believed to have been acquired illegally from Iran or Myanmar)<ref>{{Cite web |title=H I Sutton – Covert Shores |url=http://www.hisutton.com/North_Korean_Corvette.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www.hisutton.com}}</ref> |
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* [[Nampo-class corvette]] |
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* [[Nongo class|Nongo-class Fast Attack Craft]] |
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;{{KOR}} |
;{{KOR}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Ulsan|frigate}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Pohang|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Donghae|corvette}} (decommissioned) |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Gumdoksuri|patrol vessel}} |
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;{{MYS}} |
;{{MYS}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Laksamana|corvette}} |
||
* |
* {{sclass|Kedah|offshore patrol vessel}} |
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;{{MYA}} |
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* {{sclass|Aung Zeya|frigate}} |
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* {{sclass|Kyan Sittha|frigate}} |
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* {{sclass|Anawrahta|corvette}} |
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;{{OMA}} |
;{{OMA}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Khareef|corvette}} |
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;{{ |
;{{PAK}} |
||
* [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)|PNS Alamgir]] (ex-USN ''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate) |
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* {{sclass-|Gregorio del Pilar|frigate}} |
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* {{sclass-|Jacinto|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass-|Tarlac|landing platform dock}} |
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* {{sclass-|PF(X)|frigate}} |
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;{{PHI}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Orpiano |first=Pitz |date=August 26, 2019 |title=The Philippine Navy Fleet's 76mm Oto Melara Main Primary Guns |url=https://www.pitzdefanalysis.net/2019/08/the-philippine-navy-fleets-76mm-otomelara.html |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=Pitz Defense Analysis}}</ref> |
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[[File:RSS Valour 76mm OTO Melara.JPEG|thumb|The OTO Melara 76mm Super Rapid gun mounted on the ''Victory''-class corvette - RSS ''Valour'' (89)]] |
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* [[Miguel Malvar-class frigate|''Miguel Malvar''-class frigate]] |
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* {{sclass|Jose Rizal|frigate}} |
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* [[Gregorio del Pilar-class frigate|''Gregorio del Pilar''-class frigate]] (ex-USCG {{sclass|Hamilton|cutter|0}} [[United States Coast Guard Cutter|cutter]]s) |
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* [[BRP Conrado Yap (PS-39)|BRP Conrado Yap]] (ex-South Korean {{sclass|Pohang|corvette}}) |
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* {{sclass|Jacinto|corvette}} (ex-British {{sclass|Peacock|corvette}}s) |
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* {{sclass|Tarlac|landing platform dock}} (planned) |
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;{{SAU}} |
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* {{sclass|Al Riyadh|frigate}} |
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* {{sclass|Badr|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass|Al Sadiq|patrol boat}} |
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[[File:RSS Valour 76mm OTO Melara.JPEG|thumb|The OTO Melara 76mm Super Rapid gun mounted on the ''Victory''-class corvette – RSS ''Valour'' (89)]] |
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;{{SIN}} |
;{{SIN}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Endurance|landing platform dock}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Formidable|frigate}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Victory|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Fearless|patrol vessel}} |
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* [[Independence-class littoral mission vessel]] |
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;{{SRI}} |
;{{SRI}} |
||
* [[SLNS Gajabahu (P626)]] (ex-USCG {{sclass|Hamilton|cutter|0}} [[United States Coast Guard Cutter|cutter]]) |
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* {{sclass-|Nandimithra|missile boat}} |
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* SLNS Nandimithra (P701) (ex-Israeli {{sclass|Sa'ar 4|missile boat}}) |
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* SLNS Suranimala (P702) (ex-Israeli {{sclass|Sa'ar 4|missile boat}}) |
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;{{ |
;{{ROC}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Cheng Kung|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Kang Ding|frigate}} |
||
* |
* {{sclass|Tuo Chiang|corvette}} |
||
* {{sclass|Ching Chiang|patrol ship}} |
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* {{sclass|Yushan|landing platform dock}} |
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;{{THA}} |
;{{THA}} |
||
* |
* [[HTMS Pattani|Pattani]] [[patrol boat|offshore patrol vessel]] |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Ratanakosin|corvette}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Ratcharit|missile boat|1}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Chuburi|patrol boat|1}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Tapi|corvette}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Khamronsin|corvette}} |
||
* {{sclass|Laemsing|patrol boat}} |
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* {{sclass|Bhumibol Adulyadej|frigate}} |
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* [[HTMS Krabi|Krabi]] [[patrol boat|offshore patrol vessel]] |
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;{{TUR}} |
;{{TUR}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Doğan|fast attack craft}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Kılıç|fast attack craft}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Kılıç-II|fast attack craft}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Yıldız|fast attack craft}} |
||
* {{sclass2 |
* {{sclass2|G|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Milgem|corvette}} |
||
;{{UAE}} |
;{{UAE}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Baynunah|corvette}} |
||
;{{flag|Lebanon}} |
;{{flag|Lebanon}} |
||
* [[Combattante FS56 |
* [[Combattante FS56|''Combattante FS56''-class fast attack craft]] |
||
'''{{VIE}}''' |
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* [[ROKS Gimcheon|VPNS 18]] (ex-South Korean {{sclass|Pohang|corvette}}) |
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* [[ROKS Yeosu|VPNS 20]] (ex-South Korean {{sclass|Pohang|corvette}}) |
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* [[CSB 8020]] (ex-USCG {{sclass|Hamilton|cutter|0}} [[United States Coast Guard Cutter|cutter]]) (operated by [[Vietnam Coast Guard]]) |
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* [[USCGC John Midgett|CSB 8021]] (ex-USCG {{sclass|Hamilton|cutter|0}} [[United States Coast Guard Cutter|cutter]]) (operated by [[Vietnam Coast Guard]]) |
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* With at least [[USCGC Mellon|one more Hamilton-class cutter]] and/or [[Pohang-class corvette]] to be delivered. |
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===Africa=== |
===Africa=== |
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;{{ALG}} |
;{{ALG}} |
||
* [[San Giorgio-class amphibious |
* [[San Giorgio-class amphibious transport dock|''Kalaat Béni Abbès''-class]] |
||
* 1 x Oto Melara 127/64 LW 127mm main gun for [[MEKO 200]] <ref>[http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2272 German built MEKO A-200 AN Frigate for Algerian Navy launched by TKMS in Kiel<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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;{{EGY}} |
;{{EGY}} |
||
* [[Ambassador MK III |
* [[Ambassador MK III missile boat|''Ambassador MK III''-class]] [[missile boat]] |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Descubierta|corvette}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Oliver Hazard Perry|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Ramadan|missile boat}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Tiger|fast attack craft}} |
||
* [[Gowind class corvette|Gowind 2500 corvette]] |
* [[Gowind class corvette|Gowind 2500 corvette]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/45510/dcns-contracts-oto-melara-to-supply-76-62-srmf-guns-for-egypt-s-gowinds|title=DCNS contracts Oto Melara to supply 76/62 SRMF guns for Egypt's Gowinds – IHS Jane's 360|access-date=21 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002100323/http://www.janes.com/article/45510/dcns-contracts-oto-melara-to-supply-76-62-srmf-guns-for-egypt-s-gowinds|archive-date=2 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
* [[FREMM multipurpose frigate]] |
* [[FREMM multipurpose frigate]] |
||
;{{MAR}} |
;{{MAR}} |
||
* [[FREMM multipurpose |
* Mohammed VI (701) ([[FREMM multipurpose frigate]]) |
||
* [[Sigma-class design|Sigma-class corvette]] |
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* {{sclass-|Sigma|frigate}} 1x3 |
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* {{sclass |
* Lieutenant Colonel Errhamani (501) ({{sclass|Descubierta|corvette}}) |
||
* {{sclass |
* Mohammed V (611) and Hassan II ({{sclass|Floréal|frigate}}s) |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Lazaga|patrol vessel}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Bir Anzaran|patrol vessel}} |
||
;{{RSA}} |
;{{RSA}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Warrior|patrol vessel}} (converted from fast attack craft with missiles launchers and rear 76mm gun removed) (1 ship in service)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29912:ns-durban-to-be-opvs-home-port&catid=55:SANDF&Itemid=108 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505183921/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29912:ns-durban-to-be-opvs-home-port&catid=55:SANDF&Itemid=108 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-05-05 |title=NS Durban to be OPVs home port |publisher=DefenceWeb |access-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Valour|frigate}} |
||
* [[Rooikat]] |
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;{{TUN}} |
;{{TUN}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* ex-{{sclass|Albatros|fast attack craft}}s |
||
===Europe=== |
===Europe=== |
||
;{{BEL}} |
;{{BEL}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Karel Doorman|frigate}} |
||
* ''[[Anti-Submarine Warfare Frigate (Koninklijke Marine)|Anti-Submarine Warfare Frigate]]'' |
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;{{BUL}} |
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The [[Bulgarian Navy]]'s New Multifunctional patrol ships will be armed with an OTO Melara 76/62mm SP/MF(Super Rapid, Multiple feed) Cannon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-18 |title=С колко ще поскъпнат новите кораби? МО започва да ги въоръжава |url=https://www.mediapool.bg/s-kolko-shte-poskapnat-novite-korabi-mo-zapochva-da-gi-vaorazhava-news334685.html |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Mediapool.bg |language=bg-BG}}</ref> |
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;{{DEN}} |
;{{DEN}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Willemoes|missile boat}} (decommissioned) |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Niels Juel|corvette}} (decommissioned) |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Flyvefisken|patrol vessel}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Thetis|ocean patrol vessel|1}} |
||
* {{sclass|Iver Huitfeldt|frigate}} |
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* {{sclass|Knud Rasmussen|patrol vessel}} |
|||
;{{FRA}} |
;{{FRA}} |
||
[[File:French Navy ship Chevalier Paul.jpg|thumb|Two turrets on the ''Horizon'' type frigate [[French frigate Chevalier Paul|''Chevalier Paul'']].]] |
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* [[FREMM multipurpose frigate]] |
* [[FREMM multipurpose frigate]] |
||
* {{ |
* {{sclass|Horizon|frigate}} |
||
;{{GER}} |
;{{GER}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Brandenburg|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Bremen|frigate}} (decommissioned) |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Sachsen|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Braunschweig|corvette}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Gepard|fast attack craft}} (decommissioned) |
||
;{{GEO}} |
|||
* {{sclass|Tiger|fast attack craft}} (decommissioned) |
|||
;{{GRC}} |
;{{GRC}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Elli|frigate}} ({{sclass|Kortenaer|frigate}}) |
||
* {{ |
* {{sclass|La Combattante IIa|fast attack craft}} |
||
* {{ |
* {{sclass|La Combattante IIIa|fast attack craft}} |
||
* {{ |
* {{sclass|La Combattante IIIb|fast attack craft}} |
||
* {{ |
* {{sclass|Osprey 55|gunboat}} |
||
* {{ |
* {{sclass|HSY-55|gunboat}} |
||
* {{ |
* {{sclass|Osprey HSY-56A|gunboat}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Roussen|fast attack craft}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Jason|tank landing ship}} |
||
[[File:76mm Oto Melara on the Irish Patrol Vessel LE Niamh.jpg|thumb|76mm OTO Melara cannon on the [[Irish Naval Service]] patrol vessel [[LÉ Niamh (P52)|''LÉ Niamh'']]]] |
[[File:76mm Oto Melara on the Irish Patrol Vessel LE Niamh.jpg|thumb|76mm OTO Melara cannon on the [[Irish Naval Service]] patrol vessel [[LÉ Niamh (P52)|''LÉ Niamh'']]]] |
||
;{{IRL}} |
;{{IRL}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Peacock|patrol vessel}} (decommissioned) |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Róisín|offshore patrol vessel}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Samuel Beckett|offshore patrol vessel}} |
||
;{{ITA}} |
;{{ITA}} |
||
[[File:Oto_Melara_76_mm_Strales_Sovraponte_Anti-aircraft_gun.jpg|thumb|Oto Melara 76/62 mm Strales Sovraponte Anti-aircraft gun on Italian offshore patrol vessel Francesco Morosini]] |
|||
* {{sclass-|Audace|destroyer}} (8 guns, all retired) |
|||
* {{sclass|Audace|destroyer}} (decommissioned) |
|||
* {{ship|Italian aircraft carrier|Cavour|550|6}} (2 guns) |
|||
* {{ship|Italian aircraft carrier|Cavour|550|6}} |
|||
* [[:it:Classe Comandanti|Comandanti class]] [[OPV]] (4 guns) |
|||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Comandanti|patrol vessel}} |
||
* {{sclass|Durand de la Penne|destroyer}} |
|||
* [[FREMM multipurpose frigate]] (14 guns) |
|||
* [[FREMM multipurpose frigate]] |
|||
* [[:it:Sentinella (F 598)|Fulmine]] [[gunboat]] (1 gun - the first, prototype -, retired) |
|||
* [[:it:Sentinella (F 598)|Fulmine]] [[gunboat]] (decommissioned) |
|||
* {{sclass-|Minerva|corvette}} (8 guns, with 4 retired) |
|||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Minerva|corvette}} (decommissioned) |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Orizzonte|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass|San Giorgio|amphibious transport dock}} (1 out of 3 ships after refit) |
|||
* [[Sparviero-class patrol boat|Sparviero class]] [[hydrofoil]] (7 guns, all retired) |
|||
* {{sclass|Sparviero|patrol boat}} ([[hydrofoil]], decommissioned) |
|||
* [[Thaon di Revel-class offshore patrol vessel|''Thaon di Revel''-class]] [[offshore patrol vessel]] |
|||
* ''[[Italian landing helicopter dock Trieste|Trieste]]'' [[Landing helicopter dock|LHD]] |
|||
;{{NED}} |
;{{NED}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Karel Doorman|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Holland|offshore patrol vessel}} |
||
* ''[[Anti-Submarine Warfare Frigate (Koninklijke Marine)|Anti-Submarine Warfare Frigate]]'' |
|||
;{{NOR}} |
;{{NOR}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Fridtjof Nansen|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Skjold|corvette}} |
||
;{{POL}} |
;{{POL}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Oliver Hazard Perry|frigate}} |
||
* [[ORP Ślązak (2015)|ORP Ślązak]] [[Patrol boat|offshore patrol vessel]] |
|||
;{{POR}} |
;{{POR}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Bartolomeu Dias|frigate}} (ex-RNLN Karel Doorman-class frigate) |
||
;{{ROM}} |
;{{ROM}} |
||
* |
* [[Romanian frigate Regele Ferdinand (F221)|Regele Ferdinand (F221)]] (ex-British {{sclass|Type 22|frigate}}) |
||
* |
* [[Romanian frigate Regina Maria (F222)|Regina Maria (F222)]] (ex-British {{sclass|Type 22|frigate}}) |
||
;{{ESP}} |
;{{ESP}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Santa María|frigate}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Descubierta|corvette}} (decommissioned) |
||
* {{ |
* {{sclass|Meteoro|offshore patrol vessel}} |
||
;{{UKR}} |
|||
*''[[Ukrainian corvette Hetman Ivan Mazepa|Hetman Ivan Mazepa Ada-class corvette]] (under construction/launched (as of the beginning of 2023))'' |
|||
===Oceania=== |
===Oceania=== |
||
;{{AUS}} |
;{{AUS}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Adelaide|frigate}} (decommissioned) |
||
===North America=== |
===North America=== |
||
;{{CAN}} |
;{{CAN}} |
||
* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Iroquois|destroyer}} (after TRUMP modifications, decommissioned 2017) |
||
{{multiple image |
{{multiple image |
||
|align= right |
|align= right |
||
|width= 150 |
|width= 150 |
||
|footer_align = center |
|||
|footer=<center>'''Various aspect of the OTO Melara 76 mm Mark 75 gun in US service'''</center> |
|||
|footer='''Various aspect of the OTO Melara 76 mm Mark 75 gun in US service''' |
|||
|image1= USCG Gallatin Mk 75 firing.jpg |
|image1= USCG Gallatin Mk 75 firing.jpg |
||
|width1= |
|width1= |
||
|caption1= The Mk75 in use aboard USCGC ''Gallatin'', 2005. |
|caption1= The Mk75 in use aboard USCGC ''Gallatin'', 2005. |
||
|image2= US Navy 100522-N-9301W-318 Gunner's Mate 2nd Class Joeseph Christos loads a 76mm round into the main deck gun for a firing exercise aboard the guided-missile frigate USS Klakring (FFG 42).jpg |
|image2= US Navy 100522-N-9301W-318 Gunner's Mate 2nd Class Joeseph Christos loads a 76mm round into the main deck gun for a firing exercise aboard the guided-missile frigate USS Klakring (FFG 42).jpg |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Hamilton|cutter|3|boat}} (USCG) (decommissioned) |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Oliver Hazard Perry|frigate}} (USN, decommissioned)) |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Pegasus|hydrofoil}} (USN, decommissioned) |
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;{{MEX}} |
;{{MEX}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Oaxaca|patrol vessel}} |
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===South America=== |
===South America=== |
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;{{ARG}} |
;{{ARG}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Espora|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Intrépida|fast attack craft}} |
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;{{BRA}} |
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* {{sclass|Tamandaré|frigate}} |
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;{{CHI}} |
;{{CHI}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Karel Doorman|frigate}} |
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* {{ship|CNS|Almirante Williams|FF-19|6}} (ex-British {{sclass|Type 22|frigate}}) |
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* [[Jacob van Heemskerck-class frigate|L-class frigate]] - 1 x 2 |
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* {{sclass|Sa'ar 4|missile boat}} |
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* {{ship|CNS|Almirante Williams|FF-19|6}} 1 x 1 |
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* {{sclass|Tiger|fast attack craft}} (decommissioned) |
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* {{sclass-|OPV-83 Marinero Fuentealba | Patrulleros de Zona Marítima}} 1 x 1 |
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* {{sclass-| |
* {{sclass|OPV-80|patrol vessel}} |
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* {{sclass-|Tiger|fast attack craft}} 1 x 3 (decommissioned) |
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;{{COL}} |
;{{COL}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Almirante Padilla|frigate}} – modernised with Strales 76 mm and DART guided ammunition<ref name="janes.com" /> |
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* {{sclass|OPV-80|patrol vessel}} |
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;{{ECU}} |
;{{ECU}} |
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* |
* {{sclass|Esmeraldas|corvette}} |
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* {{sclass |
* {{sclass|Quito|missile boat|1}} |
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;{{PER}} |
;{{PER}} |
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* {{sclass2 |
* {{sclass2|PR-72P|corvette}} |
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;{{VEN}} |
;{{VEN}} |
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* [[Guaiquerí-class patrol boat|Guaiquerí OPV]] |
* [[Guaiquerí-class patrol boat|Guaiquerí OPV]] |
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* [[Guaicamacuto-class patrol boat|Guaicamacuto OPV]] |
* [[Guaicamacuto-class patrol boat|Guaicamacuto OPV]] |
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* Constitución Class OPV |
* Constitución Class OPV |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
||
* [[76mm/L62 Allargato]] |
* [[76mm/L62 Allargato]] – the direct precursor of the Melara |
||
* [[AK-176]] – a similar Soviet/Russian weapon |
|||
* [[Otomatic]] – a land-based SPAA version of the Super Rapid, mounted on [[OF-40]] chassis |
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* [[B1 Centauro#Other roles|Draco]] – a land-based SPAA version of the Strales system, mounted on [[B1 Centauro]] chassis |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Otobreda 76 mm}} |
{{Commons category|Otobreda 76 mm}} |
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*[ |
* [http://www.leonardocompany.com/en/-/76-62-super-rapid Official website of Leonardo – Strales] |
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* [http://www.leonardocompany.com/-/vulcano-76 Official website of Leonardo – Vulcano 76] |
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*{{youtube|TJpqNFkd9gI|Officially released video of Oto Melara 76mm during test firing}} |
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* [http://www.leonardocompany.com/-/draco Official website of Leonardo – Draco] |
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*[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_3-62_mk75.htm Italian 76 mm/62 (3") Compact, SR and USA 76 mm/62 (3") Mark 75] at NavWeaps |
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* {{youTube|TJpqNFkd9gI|Officially released video of OTO Melara 76mm during test firing}} |
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* [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_3-62_mk75.htm Italian 76 mm/62 (3") Compact, SR and United States 76 mm/62 (3") Mark 75] at NavWeaps |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Otobreda 76mm}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Otobreda 76mm}} |
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[[Category:Naval guns of Italy]] |
[[Category:Naval guns of Italy]] |
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[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of Germany]] |
[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of Germany]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Autocannon]] |
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[[Category:OTO Melara]] |
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[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:58, 5 January 2025
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|
| OTO Melara 76 mm | |
|---|---|
_right_front_view_at_JMSDF_Yokosuka_Naval_Base_November_3,_2022_01.jpg) The OTO Melara 76mm Super Rapid as mounted in a stealth cupola (to reduce radar cross-section) onboard HTMS Bhumibol Adulyadej. | |
| Type | Naval gun |
| Place of origin | Italy |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1964–present |
| Used by | See operators |
| Production history | |
| Designer | OTO Melara |
| Designed | Compact: 1963 Super Rapid: 1985 Strales: 2004 |
| Manufacturer | Otobreda: 1963–2001 BHEL Haridwar : 1995–present (under licence) OTO Melara (subsidiary of Finmeccanica): 2001–2015 Leonardo-Finmeccanica: since 2016 Leonardo: since 2017 |
| Produced | Compact: 1964 Super Rapid: 1985 Strales: 2008 |
| Variants | See variants |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | Empty: 7.5 tonnes (17,000 lb) |
| Barrel length | 62 caliber: 4,724.4 mm (186.00 in) |
| Crew | remote controlled |
| Shell | 76×636mmR[1] shell weight 6.3 kilograms (14 lb) propellant weight 2.35 kilograms (5.2 lb) |
| Shell weight | 12.4 kg (27 lb)[1][2] |
| Caliber | 76.2 mm (3.00 in) |
| Elevation | −15°/+85° speed: 35°/s (acceleration: 72°/s²) |
| Traverse | 360° speed: 60°/s (acceleration: 72°/s²) |
| Rate of fire | Compact: 85 rounds/min Super Rapid: 120 rounds/min |
| Muzzle velocity | 915 m/s (3,000 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | HE-PFF 16,000 m SAPOMER 20,000 m |
| Feed system | Magazine capacity: 80 ready rounds on Compact gun mount |
The OTO Melara 76 mm gun, marketed as the OTO 76/62 Gun Mount, is a naval autocannon built and designed by the Italian defence company OTO Melara. It is based on the OTO Melara 76/62C and evolved toward 76/62 SR and 76/62 Strales.[3]
The system is compact enough to be installed on relatively small warships. Its high rate of fire and the availability of several types of ammunition make it capable of short-range anti-missile point defence, anti-aircraft, anti-surface, and ground support. Ammunition includes armour-piercing, incendiary, directed fragmentation effects, and a guided round marketed as capable of destroying maneuvering anti-ship missiles. It can be installed in a stealth cupola.
The OTO Melara 76 mm has been widely exported, and is in use by sixty navies. It was favored over the French 100mm naval gun for the joint French/Italian Horizon-class frigate project and FREMM frigate.
On 27 September 2006 Iran announced it had started mass production of the Fajr-27, which is a reverse-engineered copy of the OTO Melara 76 mm Compact gun.[4]
Other specifications
[edit]- Cooling: sea water—fresh water for flushing
- Electrical Power supply
- 440 V, 3-phase, 60 Hz, main circuit;
- 115 V, 1-phase, 400 Hz, servo and synchro network
Variants
[edit]_20140327a.jpg)
The original "Compact" variant with a circular cupola.
_left_front_view_at_JMSDF_Maizuru_Air_Station_July_29,_2017.jpg)
The newer "Super Rapid" version with a diagonal, stealthy cupola
 |
Compact
[edit]The original version has a rate of fire of 85 rounds per minute.
Super Rapid
[edit]The Super Rapid or "Super Rapido" variant, with a higher rate of fire of 120 rounds per minute, was developed in the early 1980s and remains current as of 2023[update]. The Super Rapid's higher rate of fire was achieved by designing a faster feed system.[citation needed]
Strales System
[edit]The Italian navy preferred the improved Super Rapido with Strales System and DART ammunition to the Fast Forty 40 mm CIWS in the anti-missile defense role as it is capable of countering several subsonic missiles up to 8,000 meters away.[citation needed] It is a medium caliber gun with relatively long range, and can also be used against surface targets.[5]
Sovraponte
[edit]The 76/62 Sovraponte ("over deck") is a new compact lightweight mount for the 76/62 gun. The system is around 30–40% lighter than the standard Super Rapid and its installation requires no penetration of the deck below; the mount houses 76 ready-to-fire rounds and is available for sale both with or without the Strales system. The Sovraponte mount was installed for the first time on the Thaon di Revel-class patrol vessel of the Italian Navy, positioned above the roof of the helicopter hangar.[6]
Ammunition
[edit]To provide multiple roles for the gun, OTO provides the user with wide ranges of specialized ammunition:[7]
- HE standard: weight 6.296 kg, range 16 km, effective 8 km (10 km vs. air targets at 85°)
- MOM: developed by OTO (Multirole OTO Munition)
- PFF: anti-missile projectile, with proximity fuze and tungsten balls embedded in the shell for defined fragmentation effect
- SAPOM: 6.35 kg (0.46 kg HE), range 16 km (SAPOMER: 20 km) semi-armour piercing
- DART: guided projectile for anti-aircraft and anti-missile manoeuvering targets[8]
- VULCANO: 5 kg, guided (GLR) projectile with a maximum range around 40 km (it is a smaller version of the 127 mm Vulcano)[9]
Fire control system
[edit]There were evolutions in the gun's fire control systems as well. The early versions (Compatto) utilised radars such the RTN-10X Orion (made by Selenia, now Selex);
From the early 1980s the gun was equipped with a more powerful and flexible system, the RTN-30X (used with the Dardo-E CIWS system and known within the Italian Navy as SPG-73), that was capable to manage both guns (40, 76, and 127 mm calibres) and missiles (Sea Sparrow-Aspide). This system came into service with the Italian Navy on the cruiser Garibaldi (C551: the RTN-30X entered service first on the Maestrale-class frigates; the Dardo 40 mm turret was slaved to the smaller and older RTN-20X radars), but still with the twin 40 mm Dardo's turrets. The first ship equipped with Dardo E and 76 mm Super Rapido was the upgraded Audace-class destroyers, later followed by the Durand de la Penne class. The 76/62 has also been used with many other fire control systems when not in Italian service.
Fuses
[edit]There have been many developments in the fuses, essential to shoot down low-flying missiles. The best fuze developed for the 76/62 guns is arguably the 3A-Plus programmable multi-role fuse, manufactured by OTO Melara and Simmel Difesa, introduced in the early 2000s. This fuse requires the installation of a fuse programmer in the mount.[citation needed]
The programmable multi-role fuse features several modes including a time mode for air burst and a number of proximity modes: gated proximity, anti-missile proximity, conventional air defense proximity and anti-surface proximity.[citation needed]
The fusing includes a DSP which rejects ground/sea clutter and so is capable of detecting a missile flying as low as two meters above sea level. It has the capability to recognise a target at a 10-meter stand-off. In all, the fuze greatly increases the effectiveness of the gun when engaging anti-ship missiles.
DART
[edit]Since the 1980s efforts were made for development of guided 76 mm ammunition, but this was not achieved until recently. The first such ammunition was the CCS (Course Corrected Shell), also known as 'CORRETTO'; a joint program of OTO and British Aerospace.[10] Work started in 1985. The projectile had several small rockets in order to deviate the trajectory. Radio commands were sent from the ship FCS. The FCS did not know the exact position of the projectile, only that of the target. This system was too complex and unreliable, so OTO studied another development in order to obtain a real 'guided ammunition'.
The result of this development is a system which was called DAVIDE just for the Italian market and STRALES for export purposes while the fired guided ammunition is called DART (Driven Ammunition Reduced Time of flight).[10]
The DART projectile is similar in many aspects to other hyper-velocity systems, for example the Starstreak SAM missile's multi-dart warhead, but is a guided gun projectile with radio controls and a proximity fuze for low level engagement (up to 2 meters over the sea). DART is fired at 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s), can reach 5 km range in only 5 seconds, and can perform up to 40G maneuver.[11] The DART projectile is made of two parts: the forward is free to rotate and has two small canard wings for flight control. The aft part has the 2.5 kg warhead (with tungsten cubes and the 3A millimetric wave new fuse), six fixed wings and the radio receivers.[10]
The guidance system is Command Line of Sight (CLOS). It uses a TX antenna installed on gun. The radio-command for them is provided on a broadcast data-link (Ka Band).[10]
The first lot of DART 76mm guided ammunition, produced by OTO Melara, was successfully tested at the end of March, 2014. The firing trials were conducted on board one of the Italian Navy's ships equipped with Strales 76mm SR and Selex NA25 fire control system.[12] The first firing trials of the DART ammunition bought by Colombia in 2012 were successfully conducted in the Caribbean Sea on 29 August from the 76/62 Strales inner-layer defence system fitted to its modernized FS 1500 Padilla-class frigates.[13]
VULCANO
[edit]The more recent development is the VULCANO 76 ammunition system. Basically, it is a scaled-down version of the 127–155 mm Vulcano family of extended-range projectiles developed by OTO Melara; guided by an inertial navigation system and Global Positioning Systems, it is capable of hitting targets twice the distance of normal 76 mm gun ammunition.[14] GPS-IMU guidance and IR or SALT Terminal sensor.[15] The Vulcan 76 GLR ammunition is expected to complete the development, test and qualification process by late 2022 with the delivery of production rounds to customers from 2023–24 onwards.[16]
Other uses
[edit]Most of the basic ammunition types offered for the OTO Melara 76mm can also be fired from the South African Rooikat armoured car with slight modification to change from electric to percussion primers. This is the only land-based vehicle system capable of deploying the same ammunition as its naval counterpart.[17]
Operators
[edit]
Asia
[edit]
- BNS Bangabandhu (Ulsan class frigate)
- BNS Somudra Joy (ex-USCG Hamilton-class cutter)
- BNS Somudra Avijan(ex-USCG Hamilton-class cutter)
- KDB As-Siddiq (ex-Singaporean Fearless-class patrol vessel)
- KDB A-Faruq (ex-Singaporean Fearless-class patrol vessel)
- INS Vikrant (aircraft carrier)
- Visakhapatnam-class destroyer
- Kolkata-class destroyer
- Rajput-class destroyer (3 out of 5 ships after refit)
- Godavari-class frigate (decommissioned)
- Brahmaputra-class frigate
- Shivalik-class frigate
- Talwar-class frigate (Mounted on 1 of 6 ships, with other ships to receive the gun during MLU)
- Kora-class corvette
- Kamorta-class corvette
- Veer-class corvette (Mounted on the last 2 of 13 ships)
- Samar-class offshore patrol vessel (operated by the Indian Coast Guard)
- Ahmad Yani-class frigate (ex-RNLN Van Speijk-class frigates)
- Diponegoro-class corvette
- Raja Haji Fisabilillah-class offshore patrol vessel-class OPV (Planned)
- Bung Tomo-class corvette
- Martadinata-class frigate
- Paiton Naval Gunnery Firing Range (OTO Melara 76mm Compact)[18]
- Sa'ar 3-class missile boat (decommissioned)
- Sa'ar 4-class missile boat (decommissioned)
- Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat
- Sa'ar 6-class corvette
- Hatsuyuki-class destroyer (decommissioned)
- Asagiri-class destroyer
- Murasame-class destroyer
- Minegumo-class destroyer (JDS Murakumo only) (decommissioned)
- JDS Ishikari (decommissioned)
- Yubari-class destroyer escort (decommissioned)
- Abukuma-class destroyer escort
- Hayabusa-class patrol boat
North Korea (OTO Melara 76mm gun believed to have been acquired illegally from Iran or Myanmar)[19]
- Ulsan-class frigate
- Pohang-class corvette
- Donghae-class corvette (decommissioned)
- Gumdoksuri-class patrol vessel
- PNS Alamgir (ex-USN Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate)
- Miguel Malvar-class frigate
- Jose Rizal-class frigate
- Gregorio del Pilar-class frigate (ex-USCG Hamilton-class cutters)
- BRP Conrado Yap (ex-South Korean Pohang-class corvette)
- Jacinto-class corvette (ex-British Peacock-class corvettes)
- Tarlac-class landing platform dock (planned)
- Endurance-class landing platform dock
- Formidable-class frigate
- Victory-class corvette
- Fearless-class patrol vessel
- Independence-class littoral mission vessel
- SLNS Gajabahu (P626) (ex-USCG Hamilton-class cutter)
- SLNS Nandimithra (P701) (ex-Israeli Sa'ar 4-class missile boat)
- SLNS Suranimala (P702) (ex-Israeli Sa'ar 4-class missile boat)
- Cheng Kung-class frigate
- Kang Ding-class frigate
- Tuo Chiang-class corvette
- Ching Chiang-class patrol ship
- Yushan-class landing platform dock
- Pattani offshore patrol vessel
- Ratanakosin-class corvette
- Ratcharit-class missile boat
- Chuburi-class patrol boat
- Tapi-class corvette
- Khamronsin-class corvette
- Laemsing-class patrol boat
- Bhumibol Adulyadej-class frigate
- Krabi offshore patrol vessel
- Doğan-class fast attack craft
- Kılıç-class fast attack craft
- Kılıç-II-class fast attack craft
- Yıldız-class fast attack craft
- G-class frigate
- Milgem-class corvette
- VPNS 18 (ex-South Korean Pohang-class corvette)
- VPNS 20 (ex-South Korean Pohang-class corvette)
- CSB 8020 (ex-USCG Hamilton-class cutter) (operated by Vietnam Coast Guard)
- CSB 8021 (ex-USCG Hamilton-class cutter) (operated by Vietnam Coast Guard)
- With at least one more Hamilton-class cutter and/or Pohang-class corvette to be delivered.
Africa
[edit]
- Ambassador MK III-class missile boat
- Descubierta-class corvette
- Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate
- Ramadan-class missile boat
- Tiger-class fast attack craft
- Gowind 2500 corvette[21]
- FREMM multipurpose frigate
- Mohammed VI (701) (FREMM multipurpose frigate)
- Sigma-class corvette
- Lieutenant Colonel Errhamani (501) (Descubierta-class corvette)
- Mohammed V (611) and Hassan II (Floréal-class frigates)
- Lazaga-class patrol vessel
- Bir Anzaran-class patrol vessel
- Warrior-class patrol vessel (converted from fast attack craft with missiles launchers and rear 76mm gun removed) (1 ship in service)[22]
- Valour-class frigate
- Rooikat
Europe
[edit]
The Bulgarian Navy's New Multifunctional patrol ships will be armed with an OTO Melara 76/62mm SP/MF(Super Rapid, Multiple feed) Cannon.[23]
- Willemoes-class missile boat (decommissioned)
- Niels Juel-class corvette (decommissioned)
- Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel
- Thetis-class ocean patrol vessel
- Iver Huitfeldt-class frigate
- Knud Rasmussen-class patrol vessel
- Brandenburg-class frigate
- Bremen-class frigate (decommissioned)
- Sachsen-class frigate
- Braunschweig-class corvette
- Gepard-class fast attack craft (decommissioned)
- Tiger-class fast attack craft (decommissioned)
- Elli-class frigate (Kortenaer-class frigate)
- La Combattante IIa-class fast attack craft
- La Combattante IIIa-class fast attack craft
- La Combattante IIIb-class fast attack craft
- Osprey 55-class gunboat
- HSY-55-class gunboat
- Osprey HSY-56A-class gunboat
- Roussen-class fast attack craft
- Jason-class tank landing ship
- Peacock-class patrol vessel (decommissioned)
- Róisín-class offshore patrol vessel
- Samuel Beckett-class offshore patrol vessel
- Audace-class destroyer (decommissioned)
- Italian aircraft carrier Cavour
- Comandanti-class patrol vessel
- Durand de la Penne-class destroyer
- FREMM multipurpose frigate
- Fulmine gunboat (decommissioned)
- Minerva-class corvette (decommissioned)
- Orizzonte-class frigate
- San Giorgio-class amphibious transport dock (1 out of 3 ships after refit)
- Sparviero-class patrol boat (hydrofoil, decommissioned)
- Thaon di Revel-class offshore patrol vessel
- Trieste LHD
- Bartolomeu Dias-class frigate (ex-RNLN Karel Doorman-class frigate)
- Regele Ferdinand (F221) (ex-British Type 22-class frigate)
- Regina Maria (F222) (ex-British Type 22-class frigate)
- Santa María-class frigate
- Descubierta-class corvette (decommissioned)
- Meteoro-class offshore patrol vessel
- Hetman Ivan Mazepa Ada-class corvette (under construction/launched (as of the beginning of 2023))
Oceania
[edit]
- Adelaide-class frigate (decommissioned)
North America
[edit]
- Iroquois-class destroyer (after TRUMP modifications, decommissioned 2017)
The Mk75 in use aboard USCGC Gallatin, 2005.
.jpg)
Loading of the 76 mm shells
Underdeck of a Mark 75 gun
Various aspect of the OTO Melara 76 mm Mark 75 gun in US service
- Famous-class cutter (USCG)
- Hamilton-class cutter (USCG) (decommissioned)
- Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate (USN, decommissioned))
- Pegasus-class hydrofoil (USN, decommissioned)
South America
[edit]
- Karel Doorman-class frigate
- CNS Almirante Williams (ex-British Type 22-class frigate)
- Sa'ar 4-class missile boat
- Tiger-class fast attack craft (decommissioned)
- OPV-80-class patrol vessel
- Almirante Padilla-class frigate – modernised with Strales 76 mm and DART guided ammunition[13]
- OPV-80-class patrol vessel
- Guaiquerí OPV
- Guaicamacuto OPV
- Constitución Class OPV
See also
[edit]- 76mm/L62 Allargato – the direct precursor of the Melara
- AK-176 – a similar Soviet/Russian weapon
- Otomatic – a land-based SPAA version of the Super Rapid, mounted on OF-40 chassis
- Draco – a land-based SPAA version of the Strales system, mounted on B1 Centauro chassis
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Ordtech Ammunition 76 mm OTO MELARA 76/62". Ordtech Military Industries. Archived from the original on 6 November 2017.
- ^ "76mm HE-M77 Naval Ammunition" (pdf). Elbit Systems. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ^ "Iran to mass produce new artillery gun". Middle East Online. 27 September 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
- ^ Annati, Massimo: La difesa antimissile della MM, RiD magazine, Chiavari, September 2006
- ^ "Le artiglierie navali di Leonardo". Rivista Italiana Difesa (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ Po, Enrico, April 1997
- ^ "DART". www.leonardocompany.com (in Italian). Retrieved 16 December 2020.
- ^ Stanglini, Ruggero: Dart/DAVIDE, antimissile, ma non solo, PD Magazine, Ed.ai, Firenze, June 2003
- ^ a b c d Annati, Massimo, 2006
- ^ OTO STRALES Guidance System for 76MM and OTO DART Ammunition Brochure
- ^ "The Strales 76mm system with DART guided ammunition". 18 April 2014. Archived from the original on 30 April 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ a b "Colombia conducts first DART firings". 17 September 2014. Archived from the original on 17 September 2014.
- ^ Po, Eugenio: Oto Melara guarda al futuro, RiD Magazine, July 2009
- ^ "Vulcano 76 mm". Oto Melara. 17 September 2014. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014.
- ^ "Leonardo's 76/62 mm Super Rapido: the full spectrum medium artillery". EDR Magazine. 10 July 2020.
- ^ Jane's Armour and Artillery, 2001–2002, Volume 23 p. 244-345.
- ^ "Indonesia commissions shore-based 76 mm naval gun". Janes.com. 30 December 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
- ^ "H I Sutton – Covert Shores". www.hisutton.com. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ Orpiano, Pitz (26 August 2019). "The Philippine Navy Fleet's 76mm Oto Melara Main Primary Guns". Pitz Defense Analysis. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "DCNS contracts Oto Melara to supply 76/62 SRMF guns for Egypt's Gowinds – IHS Jane's 360". Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
- ^ "NS Durban to be OPVs home port". DefenceWeb. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ^ "С колко ще поскъпнат новите кораби? МО започва да ги въоръжава". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 18 April 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Otobreda 76 mm.