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Coordinates: 39°45′40″N 45°20′00″E / 39.76111°N 45.33333°E / 39.76111; 45.33333
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{{Short description|Capital and largest city of Vayots Dzor, Armenia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Yeghegnadzor
|name = Yeghegnadzor
|native_name= Եղեգնաձոր
|native_name = Եղեգնաձոր
|native_name_lang = hy
|native_name_lang = hy
|settlement_type = [[List of cities and towns in Armenia|Town]]<br>[[Municipalities of Armenia|Urban Community]]
|image_skyline = Yeghegnadzor landscape3.jpg
|image_skyline = Yeghegnadzor landscape3.jpg
|image_caption = Yeghegnadzor skyline
|pushpin_map = Armenia#Vayots Dzor
|imagesize =
|image_seal =
|pushpin_map = Armenia
|mapsize = 150px
|mapsize = 150px
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = Armenia
|subdivision_name = {{Flag|Armenia}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of Armenia|Marz]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Armenia|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Vayots Dzor Province|Vayots Dzor]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Vayots Dzor Province|Vayots Dzor]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities of Armenia|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Yeghegnadzor Municipality|Yeghegnadzor]]
|established_title = First mentioned
|established_title = First mentioned
|established_date = 5th century
|established_date = 5th century
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = David Harutyunuan
|leader_name = Davit Harutyunyan
|area_total_km2 = 6
|area_total_km2 = 278
|population_footnotes = <ref name="2011census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.armstat.am/file/article/1._bajin_1_182-311.pdf|title=The results of the 2011 Population Census of the Republic of Armenia|author=[[Statistical Committee of Armenia]]}}</ref>
|area_footnotes =
|population_as_of = 2011 census
|population_as_of = [[Census in Armenia|2011]]
|population_total = 7,944
|population_total = 7,944
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] +4
|timezone = [[Armenia Time|AMT]]
|utc_offset = +4
|utc_offset = +4
|coordinates = {{coord|39|45|40|N|45|20|00|E|type:city_region:AM|display=inline,title}}
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|latd=39 |latm=45 |lats=40 |latNS=N
|longd=45 |longm=20 |longs=00 |longEW=E
|coordinates_display = title,inline
|coordinates_type = type:city_region:AM
|elevation_m = 1,194
|elevation_m = 1,194
|area_code = (+374) 281
|area_code = 281
| image_shield = COA_of_Yeghegnadzor.jpg
|website = [http://www.yeghegnadzor.am Official website]
|footnotes = Sources: Population<ref>[http://armstat.am/file/doc/99483943.pdf Vayots Dzor]</ref>
|website = {{URL|http://www.yeghegnadzor.am}}
|footnotes = {{GEOnet2|32FA881E67E43774E0440003BA962ED3}}
}}
}}


'''Yeghegnadzor''' ({{lang-hy|Եղեգնաձոր}}), is a town in [[Armenia]] and the capital of the [[Vayots Dzor Province]]. It is located 123&nbsp;km south of the capital [[Yerevan]], on the shores of Srkghonk River ({{lang-hy|Սրկղոնք}}), at a height of 1194&nbsp;meters above sea level.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AM/10/Yeghegnadzor.html Yeghegnadzor:Armenia page] {{WebCite|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5vvl3mH8V|date =22 January 2011}}</ref> As of the 2011 census, the population of the town is 7,944.
'''Yeghegnadzor''' ({{langx|hy|Եղեգնաձոր}} {{IPA-hy|jɛʁɛɡnɑˈd͡zɔɾ|}}) is a town and urban municipal community in southern [[Armenia]], serving as the provincial capital of [[Vayots Dzor Province]] and the [[Yeghegnadzor Municipality]]. It is located at a road distance of {{convert|123|km|abbr=on}} south of the capital [[Yerevan]], on the shores of Srkghonk River ({{langx|hy|Սրկղոնք}}), at a height of {{convert|1194|m|sp=us}} above sea level.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AM/10/Yeghegnadzor.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024113156/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AM/10/Yeghegnadzor.html|url-status=dead|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Yeghegnadzor, Armenia|archive-date=24 October 2012|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref>

As per the 2016 official estimate, Yeghegnadzor had a population of around 6,600. As of the 2011 census, the population of the town was 7,944. Yeghegnadzor is the seat of the [[Diocese of Vayots Dzor]] of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The name ''Yeghegnadzor'' is consisted of two [[Armenian language|Armenian]] words: ''yegheg'' ({{lang-hy|եղեգ}}) meaning ''cane'', and ''dzor'' ({{lang-hy|ձոր}}) meaning ''valley''. Thus, the name of the town means "valley of canes".
The name ''Yeghegnadzor'' consists of two [[Armenian language|Armenian]] words: ''yegheg'' ({{langx|hy|եղեգ}}) meaning ''cane'', and ''dzor'' ({{langx|hy|ձոր}}) meaning ''valley''. Thus, the name of the town means "valley of canes".


==History==
==History==
[[File:Yeghegnadzor landscape1.jpg|thumb|left|300px|General view of Yeghegnadzor]]
The settlement was first mentioned as '''Pondzatagh''' during the 5th century. Historically, it belongs to the Vayots Dzor canton of [[Syunik (historic province)|Syunik]]; the 9th province of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Greater Armenia]] (Armenia Major). However, the excavated layer of a cemetery and the remains of a mausoleum from the 1st millennium BC testify that the area has been settled long before the 5th century. The remains of the [[Urartu|Urartian]] fortress near the town dates back to the 7th century BC.
The settlement was first mentioned as '''Pondzatagh''' during the 5th century. Historically, it belongs to the Vayots Dzor canton of [[Syunik (historic province)|Syunik]]; the 9th province of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Greater Armenia]] (Armenia Major). However, the excavated layer of a cemetery and the remains of a mausoleum from the 1st millennium BC testify that the area has been settled long before the 5th century. The remains of the [[Urartu|Urartian]] fortress near the town dates back to the 7th century BC.
[[File:Սուրբ Սարգիս, Եղեգնաձոր, 2015 (1).jpg|thumb|left|Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God in Yeghegnadzor, 12th century]]

According to historical records from the 1st quarter of the 9th century, when Syunats Prince Philip, son of Vasak, moved his residence from [[Sisian]] to Vayots Dzor and fortified in Yeghegis, the name '''Yeghegnadzor''' or '''Yeghegyats Dzor''' spread across the entire province. During the [[Middle Ages]], the [[Silk Road]] passed through the area of Vayots Dzor, particularly the road that currently links the town of [[Martuni, Armenia|Martuni]] with Yeghegnadzor. Many significant churches, monastic complexes, bridges and [[caravanserai]]s were built in the region between the 10th and 13th centuries, when Yeghegnadzor was part of the [[Kingdom of Syunik]] under the rule of the [[Siunia dynasty]].
According to historical records from the 1st quarter of the 9th century, when Syunats Prince Philip, son of Vasak, moved his residence from [[Sisian]] to Vayots Dzor and fortified in Yeghegis, the name '''Yeghegnadzor''' or '''Yeghegyats Dzor''' spread across the entire province. During the [[Middle Ages]], the [[Silk Road]] passed through the area of Vayots Dzor, particularly the road that currently links the town of [[Martuni, Armenia|Martuni]] with Yeghegnadzor. Many significant churches, monastic complexes, bridges and [[caravanserai]]s were built in the region between the 10th and 13th centuries, when Yeghegnadzor was part of the [[Kingdom of Syunik]] under the rule of the [[Siunia dynasty]].
[[File:2014 Prowincja Wajoc Dzor, Krajobrazy widziane z drogi M2, widoki okolic Jeghegnadzor (02).jpg|thumb|View of Yeghegnadzor]]


The period between the 15th and 17th centuries is considered to be the darkest period in the history of Yeghegnadzor. The region was turned into a frequent battlefield between the invading troops of the Turkic and Iranian tribes. As a result, many significant monuments and prosperous villages were destroyed and the population was displaced. By the beginning of the 19th century, Yeghgnadzor was known as '''Keshishkend'''. After the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]] of 1828, Yeghegnadzor became part of the [[Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd]] of the [[Erivan Governorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]].
At the beginning of the 16th century, Eastern Armenia fell under the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid Persian]] rule. The territory of Yeghegnadzor became part of the ''Erivan Beglarbegi'' and later the [[Erivan Khanate]]. The period between the 16th and 17th centuries is considered to be the darkest period in the history of Yeghegnadzor. The region was turned into a frequent battlefield between the invading troops of the Turkic and Iranian tribes. As a result, many significant monuments and prosperous villages were destroyed and the population was displaced. In 1747, Yeghegnadzor became part of the newly-formed [[Nakhichevan Khanate]]. By the beginning of the 19th century, Yeghgnadzor was known as '''Keshishkend'''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=|title=
Եղեգնաձոր |url=https://www.caa.am/community/yeghegnadzor.html |archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 February 2021 |website=caa.am}}</ref>

As a result of the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]] signed between the [[Russian Empire]] and [[Persia]] in 1828 following the [[Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)|Russo-Persian War of 1826–28]], many territories of Eastern Armenia -including Vayots Dzor- became part of the Russian Empire. In 1828-30, many Armenian families from the Iranian towns of [[Salmas]] and [[Khoy]] were resettled in Eastern Armenia, particularly in the areas that later became part of the [[Erivan Governorate]] in 1840. The first wave of Armenian settlers arrived in the Vayots Dzor region in 1828-29. In 1870, Yeghegnadzor became part of the newly-formed [[Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd]] of the [[Erivan Governorate]] within the [[Russian Empire]].
[[File:2014 Prowincja Wajoc Dzor, Krajobrazy widziane z drogi M2, wjazd do miasta Jeghegnadzor (01).jpg|thumb|The entrance to Yeghegnadzor]]
[[File:2014 Prowincja Wajoc Dzor, Krajobrazy widziane z drogi M2, wjazd do miasta Jeghegnadzor (01).jpg|thumb|The entrance to Yeghegnadzor]]
Between 1918 and 1920 it was included in the short-lived [[First Republic of Armenia|Republic of Armenia]].
Between 1918 and 1920 it was included in the short-lived [[First Republic of Armenia|Republic of Armenia]]. After the Sovietization of Armenia, the town became one of the predominant centres of the resistance against the Soviet rule and formed the unrecognized [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]] under the leadership of [[Garegin Nzhdeh]]. However, after falling to the Bolsheviks in July 1921, it became part of the [[Armenian SSR]].

After the Sovietization of Armenia, the town became one of the predominant centres of the resistance against the Soviet rule and formed the unrecognized [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]] under the leadership of [[Garegin Nzhdeh]]. However, after falling to the Bolsheviks in July 1921, it became part of the [[Armenian SSR]].


The town was known as Keshishkend until 1935 when it was renamed '''Mikoyan''' after the Bolshevik leader [[Anastas Mikoyan]]. On 6 December 1956, the town was renamed '''Yeghegnadzor''', restoring its historical name.
The town was known as Keshishkend until 1935 when it was renamed '''Mikoyan''' after the Bolshevik leader [[Anastas Mikoyan]]. On 6 December 1956, the town was renamed '''Yeghegnadzor''', restoring its historical name.

Following the independence of Armenia in 1991, Yeghegnadzor became the capital of the newly-formed Vayots Dzor Province as per the 1995 administrative reforms.


==Geography and climate==
==Geography and climate==
[[File:2014 Prowincja Wajoc Dzor, Krajobrazy widziane z drogi M2, widoki okolic Jeghegnadzor (02).jpg|thumb|Landscape around Yeghegnadzor]]
[[File:2014 Prowincja Wajoc Dzor, Krajobrazy widziane z drogi M2, widoki okolic Jeghegnadzor (14).jpg|thumb|Landscapes seen from the M-2 Motorway near Yeghegnadzor]]
Yeghegnadzor is situated at 1,194 metres above sea level. The lower and medium highlands are mainly semi-deserts. It is built across the right and left banks of the Srkghonk River, a tributary of the [[Arpa River]]. The town is immediately bordered by the villag of [[Gladzor]] from the north.
Yeghegnadzor is situated at 1,194 metres above sea level. The lower and medium highlands are mainly semi-deserts. It is built across the right and left banks of the Srkghonk River, a tributary of the [[Arpa River]]. The town is immediately bordered by the village of [[Gladzor]] from the north.


The town has a dry continental climate and large diurnal temperature fluctuations with the average annual rainfalls of 400&nbsp;mm and mountain-valley winds. The average air temperature in January is 5-6◦C, with a coldest temperature of -22◦C and highest of +35◦C in July. The climate is mild with snowy winters and warm summers.
The town has a hot-summer [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfa'') and large diurnal temperature fluctuations with the average annual rainfalls of 400&nbsp;mm and mountain-valley winds. The average air temperature in January is 5-6◦C, with a coldest temperature of -22◦C and highest of +35◦C in July. The climate is mild with snowy winters and warm summers.

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Yeghegnadzor

| Jan high C =0.9
| Feb high C =3.0
| Mar high C =9.5
| Apr high C =16.4
| May high C =21.1
| Jun high C =26.0
| Jul high C =30.3
| Aug high C =29.5
| Sep high C =25.9
| Oct high C =18.7
| Nov high C =10.8
| Dec high C =4.1

| Jan mean C =-3.2
| Feb mean C =-1.4
| Mar mean C =4.2
| Apr mean C =10.4
| May mean C =14.8
| Jun mean C =19.2
| Jul mean C =23.1
| Aug mean C =22.4
| Sep mean C =18.5
| Oct mean C =12.3
| Nov mean C =5.7
| Dec mean C =0.1

| Jan low C =-7.3
| Feb low C =-5.7
| Mar low C =-1.0
| Apr low C =4.4
| May low C =8.6
| Jun low C =12.4
| Jul low C =16.0
| Aug low C =15.4
| Sep low C =11.2
| Oct low C =5.9
| Nov low C =0.7
| Dec low C =-3.9

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =17
| Feb precipitation mm =20
| Mar precipitation mm =35
| Apr precipitation mm =45
| May precipitation mm =62
| Jun precipitation mm =47
| Jul precipitation mm =31
| Aug precipitation mm =19
| Sep precipitation mm =18
| Oct precipitation mm =30
| Nov precipitation mm =25
| Dec precipitation mm =19

| source = Climate-Data.org <ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web
|url = https://en.climate-data.org/location/2024/
|title = Climate: Yeghegnadzor
|publisher = Climate-Data.org
|access-date = August 14, 2018}}</ref>
}}


The surrounding areas of the town are home to some mammals including [[bezoar ibex]], wolf and fox; reptiles including adder and viper; and birds including partridge and sparrow.
The surrounding areas of the town are home to some mammals including [[bezoar ibex]], wolf and fox; reptiles including adder and viper; and birds including partridge and sparrow.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
[[File:Սուրբ Սարգիս, Եղեգնաձոր, 2015 (1).jpg|thumb|The Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God in Yeghegnadzor, dating back to the 12th century]]
[[File:Հուշարձան Արցախյան ազատամարտում զոհվածներին, Եղեգնաձոր (7).JPG|thumb|Memorial to the victims of the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]]]]
===Population===
Many ancestors of Yeghegnadzor's population migrated from [[Khoy]] and [[Salmas|Salmast]] in [[Iran]].


{{Historical populations
{| class="wikitable"
|1831|332
! Year
|1897|1307
| 1831
|1914|1371
| 1897
| 1926
|1926|1583
| 1939
|1939|2567
| 1959
|1959|3567
| 1980
|1980|7053
| 2001
|2001|8178
|align=none|percentages=pagr|graph-pos=bottom|source=<ref>{{Cite Republic of Armenia Settlements Dictionary}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1915}}</ref>}}
| 2011
|-
! Population
| 332
| 1,307
| 1,583
| 2,567
| 3,567
| 7,053
| 8,178
| 7,944
|-
|}

===Religion===
The vast majority of Yeghegnadzor populeation are ethnic Armenians who belong to the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]. The regulating body of the church is the [[Diocese of Vayots Dzor]], headed by Archbishop Abraham Mkrtchyan. The Holy Mother of God Cathedral (known also as Surp Sarkis) in Yeghegnadzor is the seat of the diocese.


==Culture==
==Culture==
[[File:Թանգարանի շենք. Վայոց Ձորի երկրագիտական թանգարանը, ArmAg (1).JPG|thumb|The archaeological museum]]
[[File:Թանգարանի շենք. Վայոց Ձորի երկրագիտական թանգարանը, ArmAg.JPG|thumb|Yeghegnadzor regional museum]]
Yeghegnadzor is the largest town and the cultural centre of Vayots Dzor Province. It has a cultural palace, a public library and an archaeological museum. The town is also home to an art school, a sports school and a musical academy. There is an amphitheater in the Momik public park at the centre of the town. The park is also home to a ''[[vishapakar]]'' (dragon stone) dating back to the 2nd millennium BC.
Yeghegnadzor is the largest town and the cultural centre of Vayots Dzor Province. It has a cultural palace, a public library and a regional museum. The town is also home to an art school, a sports school and a musical academy. There is an amphitheater in the Momik public park at the centre of the town. The park is also home to a ''[[vishapakar]]'' (dragon stone) dating back to the 2nd millennium BC.

The people in Yeghegnadzor are mainly conservative. They largely celebrate the religious and traditional feasts, including Trndez and [[Vardavar]]. However, the most popular celebration in the town is the harvest festival, taking place every year on the second Sunday of October. Locals from all villages take part in the parade on cars decorated with flowers, bringing their own crops, berries typical to their territories. Theatrical shows and concerts are being held during the festival.


Yeghegnadzor is also popular for its cheese. Yeghegnadzor cheese is made from pasteurized cow's or goat's milk (or both) and mixed with local greens. It is stored in individual clay pots, then buried in the mountains and left to mature for at least 6 months before consumption. The flavors are strong, sharp, and salty, while the addition of mountain greens gives the cheese even more unique flavors. The texture is semi-soft, and crumbly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Lori To Yeghegnadzor: Meet The Armenian Cheese Types |date=19 January 2022 |url=https://i-am.am/from-lori-cheese-to-yeghegnadzor-meet-the-armenian-cheeses/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yeghegnadzor |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/yeghegnadzor-cheese |website=Taste Atlas}}</ref>
The people in Yeghegnadzor are mainly conservative. They largely celebrate the religious and traditional feasts, including Trndez and Vardavar. However, the most popular celebration in the town is the harvest festival, taking place every year on the second Sunday of October. Locals from all villages take part in the parade on cars decorated with flowers, bringing their own crops, berries typical to their territories. Theatrical shows and concerts are being held during the festival.


===Monuments===
===Monuments===
[[File:Noravank.JPG|thumb|[[Noravank]] monastic complex]]
[[File:Noravank.JPG|thumb|[[Noravank]] monastic complex]]
* Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God, formerly known as Surp Sarkis church, built in the 12th century and renovated in 1878. The basilica is located at the center of Yeghegnadzor and serves as the seat of the Vayots Dzor Diocese of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]].<ref>[http://vdzor.gov.am/husharc1/ Historical sites in Vayots Dzor]</ref><ref>[http://vayotsdzoritem.com/2012/11/08/%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB-%D5%BD-%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D5%BD-%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BD-%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5/ Diocese of Vayots Dzor]</ref>
* Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God, formerly known as Surp Sarkis church, built in the 12th century and renovated in 1878. The basilica is located at the center of Yeghegnadzor and serves as the seat of the Vayots Dzor Diocese of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vdzor.gov.am/husharc1/ |title=Historical sites in Vayots Dzor |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191138/http://vdzor.gov.am/husharc1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vayotsdzoritem.com/2012/11/08/%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB-%D5%BD-%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D5%BD-%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BD-%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5/ |title=Diocese of Vayots Dzor |access-date=21 May 2015 |archive-date=5 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405113841/http://vayotsdzoritem.com/2012/11/08/%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB-%D5%BD-%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D5%BD-%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BD-%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A5/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Proshaberd]] fortress (Boloraberd fortress) of the 13th century, located few kilometers to the north-east of Yeghegnadzor, near the villages of [[Gladzor]] and [[Vernashen]].
* [[Proshaberd]] fortress (Boloraberd fortress) of the 13th century, located few kilometers to the north-east of Yeghegnadzor, near the villages of [[Gladzor]] and [[Vernashen]].
* The historic [[University of Gladzor]] of the 500th pooerpernickle nuggetor century, located in the village of [[Gladzor]] at the outskirts of Yeghegnadzor.
* The historic [[University of Gladzor]] of the 13th century, located in the village of [[Gladzor]] at the outskirts of Yeghegnadzor.
* [[Agarakadzor bridge]], 13th century.
* [[Agarakadzor bridge]], 13th century.
* [[Noravank]] monastic complex of the 13th century, located only just a few kilometers away from Yeghegnadzor island, to the southwest of the town.
* [[Noravank]] monastic complex of the 13th century, located few kilometers away from Yeghegnadzor, to the southwest of the town.
* [[Spitakavor Monastery]] of the Holy Mother of God built in 1321, located just to the north of Yeghegnadzor near the village of [[Vernashen]].
* [[Spitakavor Monastery]] of the Holy Mother of God built in 1321, located just to the north of Yeghegnadzor near the village of [[Vernashen]].

===Media===
"Vardadzor" monthly is the regional newspaper of Vayots Dzor. It is being published in Yeghegnadzor since 15 November 2002.<ref>[https://vardadzortert.com/about/ Vardadzor monthly]</ref> It covers political, economical and regional news. It also has a literary supplement.


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
The M-2 Motorway that connect Armenia from north to south, passes through the town.
The M-2 Motorway that connect Armenia from north to south, passes through the town.


On the other hand, Yeghegnadzor is domestically connected with other parts of Vayots Dzor through the H-40 and H-47 Roads.
On the other hand, Yeghegnadzor is domestically connected with other parts of Vayots Dzor through the H-40 and H-47 Roads.
Line 117: Line 173:
==Economy==
==Economy==
[[File:2014 Prowincja Wajoc Dzor, Jeghegnadzor, Wjazd do centrum miasta od strony drogi M2.jpg|thumb|Inside Yeghegnadzor]]
[[File:2014 Prowincja Wajoc Dzor, Jeghegnadzor, Wjazd do centrum miasta od strony drogi M2.jpg|thumb|Inside Yeghegnadzor]]
The economy of the town is based on the construction sector and food-processing industry. Among the largest industrial plants of the town are the wine factory, the cheese factory and the cannery. There are many firms as well for electro-mechanical tools production. Light productions of building materials, textile, carpet and jewellery are also found in the town.
The economy of the town is based on the construction sector and food-processing industry. Among the largest food-processing plants of the town are the Maran Winery opened in 1992, Old Bridge Winery opened in 1998, Getnatoun Winery opened in 1999, Golden Goat cheese factory opened in 2000, Selim LLC for dairy products founded in 2002, and Yeghegndazor Cannery opened in 2015.


The town is also home to many other industrial firms including the "Rafelgrig" for electrical products founded in 1968 and the "Izoton" company for oak-wood made barrels for wine and brandy aging founded in 2003. Light productions of building materials, textile, hand-made carpet and jewellery are also found in the town.
During the Soviet period, Yeghegnadzor used to be one of the industrial centres of the Armenian SSR. The relay factory of Yeghegnadzor used to accommodate 1100 workers. The knitwear factory used to accommodate more than 500 workers, while the shoe factory had around 200 workers.

During the Soviet period, Yeghegnadzor used to be one of the industrial centres of the Armenian SSR. The relay factory of Yeghegnadzor used to accommodate 1100 workers, the knitwear factory used to accommodate more than 500 workers, while the shoe factory had around 200 workers.


Agriculture, including farming, cattle-breeding and bee-keeping are found in the suburbs of Yeghegnadzor.
Agriculture, including farming, cattle-breeding and bee-keeping are found in the suburbs of Yeghegnadzor.


==Education==
==Education==
In 2004, the Giteliq University was opened in the town. Currently it has 12 faculties. The Yeghegnadzor campus of the [[Armenian State University of Economics]] is operating since 2008.
In 2004, the Gitelik Yeghegnadzor University was opened in the town. As of 2016, it has 12 faculties.


The Yeghegnadzor campus of the [[Armenian State University of Economics]] is operating since 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asue.am/am/%D5%B0%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%B0-%D5%AB-%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6/%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80/%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB-%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2-248|title=NPUA, Yeghegnadzor Campus|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-date=1 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401125352/http://www.asue.am/am/%D5%B0%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%B0-%D5%AB-%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6/%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80/%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB-%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2-248|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Currently, there are 4 public schools as well as 3 kindergartens operating in Yeghegnadzor.

As of 2016, there are 4 public schools as well as 3 kindergartens operating in Yeghegnadzor.

The Royal Victorian University Educational Foundation of Armenia [https://rvu.am/ (RVU)] is based in Yeghegnadzor.


==Sport==
==Sport==
[[File:Yeghegnadzor city stadium, Armenia 2.jpg|thumb|Yeghegnadzor City Stadium]]
[[File:Yeghegnadzor city stadium, Armenia 2.jpg|thumb|Yeghegnadzor City Stadium]]
[[Arpa FC]] of Yeghegnadzor -founded as Momik FC in 1992- used to represent the town in the [[Armenian Premier League]] football competition. Like many other Armenian football clubs, Arpa FC was dissolved in early 2003 and is currently inactive from professional football.
[[Arpa FC]] of Yeghegnadzor -founded as Momik FC in 1992- used to represent the town in the [[Armenian Premier League]] football competition. Like many other Armenian football clubs, Arpa FC was dissolved in early 2003 and is currently inactive from professional football.


The Yeghegnadzor City Stadium opened in 1985, is able to accommodate around 500 spectators.
The Yeghegnadzor City Stadium opened in 1985, is able to accommodate around 500 spectators.

==Notable people==
*[[Kamsar (Kamo Sahakyan)]], renowned Armenian painter{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}

* [[Ladaniva|Jaklin Baghdasaryan]], Armenian singer

==See also==
* [[Syunik (historic province)]]
* [[Siunia dynasty]]
* [[Noravank]]
* [[Spitakavor Monastery]]
* [[Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Yeghegnadzor}}
* [http://www.cilicia.com/armo5_yegh.html Cilicia.com entry on the region]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
{{Wikivoyage|Yeghegnadzor}}
* [http://www.cilicia.com/armo5_yegh.html Cilicia.com entry on the region] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427224528/http://www.cilicia.com/armo5_yegh.html |date=27 April 2021 }}


{{Vayots Dzor}}
{{Vayots Dzor|state=expanded}}
{{Cities and towns in Armenia}}
{{Cities and towns in Armenia}}
{{Muncipalities of Armenia}}
{{portal bar|Geography}}

[[Category:Populated places in Vayots Dzor Province]]
[[Category:Populated places in Vayots Dzor Province]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 5th century]]
[[Category:Communities in Vayots Dzor Province]]
[[Category:Erivan Governorate]]

Latest revision as of 17:05, 5 November 2024

Yeghegnadzor
Եղեգնաձոր
Town
Urban Community
Coat of arms of Yeghegnadzor
Coat of arms
Yeghegnadzor is located in Armenia
Yeghegnadzor
Yeghegnadzor
Yeghegnadzor is located in Vayots Dzor
Yeghegnadzor
Yeghegnadzor
Coordinates: 39°45′40″N 45°20′00″E / 39.76111°N 45.33333°E / 39.76111; 45.33333
Country Armenia
ProvinceVayots Dzor
MunicipalityYeghegnadzor
First mentioned5th century
Government
 • MayorDavit Harutyunyan
Area
 • Total
278 km2 (107 sq mi)
Elevation
1,194 m (3,917 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total
7,944
 • Density29/km2 (74/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+4 (AMT)
Area code281
Websitewww.yeghegnadzor.am
Yeghegnadzor at GEOnet Names Server

Yeghegnadzor (Armenian: Եղեգնաձոր [jɛʁɛɡnɑˈd͡zɔɾ]) is a town and urban municipal community in southern Armenia, serving as the provincial capital of Vayots Dzor Province and the Yeghegnadzor Municipality. It is located at a road distance of 123 km (76 mi) south of the capital Yerevan, on the shores of Srkghonk River (Armenian: Սրկղոնք), at a height of 1,194 meters (3,917 ft) above sea level.[2]

As per the 2016 official estimate, Yeghegnadzor had a population of around 6,600. As of the 2011 census, the population of the town was 7,944. Yeghegnadzor is the seat of the Diocese of Vayots Dzor of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

Etymology

[edit]

The name Yeghegnadzor consists of two Armenian words: yegheg (Armenian: եղեգ) meaning cane, and dzor (Armenian: ձոր) meaning valley. Thus, the name of the town means "valley of canes".

History

[edit]

The settlement was first mentioned as Pondzatagh during the 5th century. Historically, it belongs to the Vayots Dzor canton of Syunik; the 9th province of Greater Armenia (Armenia Major). However, the excavated layer of a cemetery and the remains of a mausoleum from the 1st millennium BC testify that the area has been settled long before the 5th century. The remains of the Urartian fortress near the town dates back to the 7th century BC.

Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God in Yeghegnadzor, 12th century

According to historical records from the 1st quarter of the 9th century, when Syunats Prince Philip, son of Vasak, moved his residence from Sisian to Vayots Dzor and fortified in Yeghegis, the name Yeghegnadzor or Yeghegyats Dzor spread across the entire province. During the Middle Ages, the Silk Road passed through the area of Vayots Dzor, particularly the road that currently links the town of Martuni with Yeghegnadzor. Many significant churches, monastic complexes, bridges and caravanserais were built in the region between the 10th and 13th centuries, when Yeghegnadzor was part of the Kingdom of Syunik under the rule of the Siunia dynasty.

View of Yeghegnadzor

At the beginning of the 16th century, Eastern Armenia fell under the Safavid Persian rule. The territory of Yeghegnadzor became part of the Erivan Beglarbegi and later the Erivan Khanate. The period between the 16th and 17th centuries is considered to be the darkest period in the history of Yeghegnadzor. The region was turned into a frequent battlefield between the invading troops of the Turkic and Iranian tribes. As a result, many significant monuments and prosperous villages were destroyed and the population was displaced. In 1747, Yeghegnadzor became part of the newly-formed Nakhichevan Khanate. By the beginning of the 19th century, Yeghgnadzor was known as Keshishkend.[3]

As a result of the Treaty of Turkmenchay signed between the Russian Empire and Persia in 1828 following the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28, many territories of Eastern Armenia -including Vayots Dzor- became part of the Russian Empire. In 1828-30, many Armenian families from the Iranian towns of Salmas and Khoy were resettled in Eastern Armenia, particularly in the areas that later became part of the Erivan Governorate in 1840. The first wave of Armenian settlers arrived in the Vayots Dzor region in 1828-29. In 1870, Yeghegnadzor became part of the newly-formed Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd of the Erivan Governorate within the Russian Empire.

The entrance to Yeghegnadzor

Between 1918 and 1920 it was included in the short-lived Republic of Armenia. After the Sovietization of Armenia, the town became one of the predominant centres of the resistance against the Soviet rule and formed the unrecognized Republic of Mountainous Armenia under the leadership of Garegin Nzhdeh. However, after falling to the Bolsheviks in July 1921, it became part of the Armenian SSR.

The town was known as Keshishkend until 1935 when it was renamed Mikoyan after the Bolshevik leader Anastas Mikoyan. On 6 December 1956, the town was renamed Yeghegnadzor, restoring its historical name.

Following the independence of Armenia in 1991, Yeghegnadzor became the capital of the newly-formed Vayots Dzor Province as per the 1995 administrative reforms.

Geography and climate

[edit]
Landscapes seen from the M-2 Motorway near Yeghegnadzor

Yeghegnadzor is situated at 1,194 metres above sea level. The lower and medium highlands are mainly semi-deserts. It is built across the right and left banks of the Srkghonk River, a tributary of the Arpa River. The town is immediately bordered by the village of Gladzor from the north.

The town has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) and large diurnal temperature fluctuations with the average annual rainfalls of 400 mm and mountain-valley winds. The average air temperature in January is 5-6◦C, with a coldest temperature of -22◦C and highest of +35◦C in July. The climate is mild with snowy winters and warm summers.

Climate data for Yeghegnadzor
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6) 		3.0
(37.4) 		9.5
(49.1) 		16.4
(61.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		30.3
(86.5) 		29.5
(85.1) 		25.9
(78.6) 		18.7
(65.7) 		10.8
(51.4) 		4.1
(39.4) 		16.3
(61.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.2
(26.2) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		4.2
(39.6) 		10.4
(50.7) 		14.8
(58.6) 		19.2
(66.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.4
(72.3) 		18.5
(65.3) 		12.3
(54.1) 		5.7
(42.3) 		0.1
(32.2) 		10.5
(50.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.3
(18.9) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		4.4
(39.9) 		8.6
(47.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		16.0
(60.8) 		15.4
(59.7) 		11.2
(52.2) 		5.9
(42.6) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		4.7
(40.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17
(0.7) 		20
(0.8) 		35
(1.4) 		45
(1.8) 		62
(2.4) 		47
(1.9) 		31
(1.2) 		19
(0.7) 		18
(0.7) 		30
(1.2) 		25
(1.0) 		19
(0.7) 		368
(14.5)
Source: Climate-Data.org [4]

The surrounding areas of the town are home to some mammals including bezoar ibex, wolf and fox; reptiles including adder and viper; and birds including partridge and sparrow.

Demographics

[edit]
Memorial to the victims of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1831332—    
18971,307+2.10%
19141,371+0.28%
19261,583+1.21%
19392,567+3.79%
19593,567+1.66%
19807,053+3.30%
20018,178+0.71%
Source: [5][6]

Culture

[edit]
Yeghegnadzor regional museum

Yeghegnadzor is the largest town and the cultural centre of Vayots Dzor Province. It has a cultural palace, a public library and a regional museum. The town is also home to an art school, a sports school and a musical academy. There is an amphitheater in the Momik public park at the centre of the town. The park is also home to a vishapakar (dragon stone) dating back to the 2nd millennium BC.

The people in Yeghegnadzor are mainly conservative. They largely celebrate the religious and traditional feasts, including Trndez and Vardavar. However, the most popular celebration in the town is the harvest festival, taking place every year on the second Sunday of October. Locals from all villages take part in the parade on cars decorated with flowers, bringing their own crops, berries typical to their territories. Theatrical shows and concerts are being held during the festival.

Yeghegnadzor is also popular for its cheese. Yeghegnadzor cheese is made from pasteurized cow's or goat's milk (or both) and mixed with local greens. It is stored in individual clay pots, then buried in the mountains and left to mature for at least 6 months before consumption. The flavors are strong, sharp, and salty, while the addition of mountain greens gives the cheese even more unique flavors. The texture is semi-soft, and crumbly.[7][8]

Monuments

[edit]
Noravank monastic complex
  • Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God, formerly known as Surp Sarkis church, built in the 12th century and renovated in 1878. The basilica is located at the center of Yeghegnadzor and serves as the seat of the Vayots Dzor Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church.[9][10]
  • Proshaberd fortress (Boloraberd fortress) of the 13th century, located few kilometers to the north-east of Yeghegnadzor, near the villages of Gladzor and Vernashen.
  • The historic University of Gladzor of the 13th century, located in the village of Gladzor at the outskirts of Yeghegnadzor.
  • Agarakadzor bridge, 13th century.
  • Noravank monastic complex of the 13th century, located few kilometers away from Yeghegnadzor, to the southwest of the town.
  • Spitakavor Monastery of the Holy Mother of God built in 1321, located just to the north of Yeghegnadzor near the village of Vernashen.

Media

[edit]

"Vardadzor" monthly is the regional newspaper of Vayots Dzor. It is being published in Yeghegnadzor since 15 November 2002.[11] It covers political, economical and regional news. It also has a literary supplement.

Transportation

[edit]

The M-2 Motorway that connect Armenia from north to south, passes through the town.

On the other hand, Yeghegnadzor is domestically connected with other parts of Vayots Dzor through the H-40 and H-47 Roads.

Economy

[edit]
Inside Yeghegnadzor

The economy of the town is based on the construction sector and food-processing industry. Among the largest food-processing plants of the town are the Maran Winery opened in 1992, Old Bridge Winery opened in 1998, Getnatoun Winery opened in 1999, Golden Goat cheese factory opened in 2000, Selim LLC for dairy products founded in 2002, and Yeghegndazor Cannery opened in 2015.

The town is also home to many other industrial firms including the "Rafelgrig" for electrical products founded in 1968 and the "Izoton" company for oak-wood made barrels for wine and brandy aging founded in 2003. Light productions of building materials, textile, hand-made carpet and jewellery are also found in the town.

During the Soviet period, Yeghegnadzor used to be one of the industrial centres of the Armenian SSR. The relay factory of Yeghegnadzor used to accommodate 1100 workers, the knitwear factory used to accommodate more than 500 workers, while the shoe factory had around 200 workers.

Agriculture, including farming, cattle-breeding and bee-keeping are found in the suburbs of Yeghegnadzor.

Education

[edit]

In 2004, the Gitelik Yeghegnadzor University was opened in the town. As of 2016, it has 12 faculties.

The Yeghegnadzor campus of the Armenian State University of Economics is operating since 2008.[12]

As of 2016, there are 4 public schools as well as 3 kindergartens operating in Yeghegnadzor.

The Royal Victorian University Educational Foundation of Armenia (RVU) is based in Yeghegnadzor.

Sport

[edit]
Yeghegnadzor City Stadium

Arpa FC of Yeghegnadzor -founded as Momik FC in 1992- used to represent the town in the Armenian Premier League football competition. Like many other Armenian football clubs, Arpa FC was dissolved in early 2003 and is currently inactive from professional football.

The Yeghegnadzor City Stadium opened in 1985, is able to accommodate around 500 spectators.

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Statistical Committee of Armenia. "The results of the 2011 Population Census of the Republic of Armenia" (PDF).
  2. ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Yeghegnadzor, Armenia". www.fallingrain.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.
  3. ^ "Եղեգնաձոր". caa.am. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  4. ^ "Climate: Yeghegnadzor". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  5. ^ Հայաստանի Հանրապետության բնակավայրերի բառարան [Republic of Armenia settlements dictionary] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Cadastre Committee of the Republic of Armenia. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2018.
  6. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1915 год [Caucasian calendar for 1915] (in Russian) (70th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1915. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
  7. ^ "From Lori To Yeghegnadzor: Meet The Armenian Cheese Types". 19 January 2022.
  8. ^ "Yeghegnadzor". Taste Atlas.
  9. ^ "Historical sites in Vayots Dzor". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  10. ^ "Diocese of Vayots Dzor". Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  11. ^ Vardadzor monthly
  12. ^ "NPUA, Yeghegnadzor Campus". Archived from the original on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yeghegnadzor.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Yeghegnadzor.
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