Anjediva Island: Difference between revisions
| (100 intermediate revisions by 74 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Island off the coast of Goa, India}} |
|||
{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
||
| official_name = Anjediva |
| official_name = Anjediva |
||
| native_name = |
| native_name = ''Ilha de Angediva'' |
||
| settlement_type = Island |
| settlement_type = Island |
||
| image_skyline = [[File:Location of Anjediva.png|250px]] |
| image_skyline = [[File:Location of Anjediva.png|250px]] |
||
| image_alt = |
| image_alt = |
||
| image_caption = Location of Anjediva (red) in Canacona (pink) |
| image_caption = Location of Anjediva (red) in Canacona (pink) |
||
| mapsize = 150px |
| mapsize = 150px |
||
| pushpin_map = India |
| pushpin_map = India |
||
| coordinates = {{coord|14.760886|N|74.111258|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}} |
|||
| latd = 14.760886 |
|||
| subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |
|||
| latm = |
|||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} |
|||
| lats = |
|||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]] |
|||
| latNS = N |
|||
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Goa|District]] |
|||
| longd = 74.111258 |
|||
| subdivision_type3 = [[Talukas of Goa|Township]] |
|||
| longm = |
|||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa State|Goa]] |
|||
| longs = |
|||
| subdivision_name2 = [[South Goa District|South Goa]] |
|||
| longEW = E |
|||
| subdivision_name3 = [[Canacona]] |
|||
| coordinates_display = % |
|||
| established_title = Portuguese Establishment |
|||
| subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |
|||
| established_date = before 1498 |
|||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} |
|||
| founder = |
|||
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]] |
|||
| named_for = |
|||
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Goa|District]] |
|||
| government_type = Indian Navy |
|||
| subdivision_type3 = [[Talukas of Goa|Sub District]] |
|||
| leader_title = |
|||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa State|Goa]] |
|||
| leader_name = |
|||
| subdivision_name2 = [[South Goa District| South Goa]] |
|||
| area_footnotes = |
|||
| subdivision_name3 = [[Canacona]] |
|||
| area_total_km2 = 1.5 |
|||
| established_title = Portuguese Establishment |
|||
| elevation_m = 8 |
|||
| established_date = before 1498 |
|||
| population_total = 0 |
|||
| founder = |
|||
| population_as_of = 2011 |
|||
| named_for = |
|||
| population_density_km2 = auto |
|||
| government_type = Indian Navy |
|||
| postal_code_type = Postcode |
|||
| leader_title = |
|||
| postal_code = |
|||
| leader_name = |
|||
| area_code = |
|||
| area_footnotes = |
|||
| area_code_type = Telephone code |
|||
| area_total_km2 = 1.5 |
|||
| website = |
|||
| elevation_m = 8 |
|||
| footnotes = |
|||
| population_total = 0 |
|||
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |
|||
| population_as_of = 2011 |
|||
| utc_offset = +5:30 |
|||
| population_density_km2 = auto |
|||
| name = |
|||
| postal_code_type = Postcode |
|||
| postal_code = |
|||
| area_code = |
|||
| area_code_type = Telephone code |
|||
| website = |
|||
| footnotes = |
|||
| coordinates_region = IN |
|||
| timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |
|||
| utc_offset = +5:30 |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Infobox islands |
{{Infobox islands |
||
| name = Anjediva |
| name = Anjediva |
||
| |
| native_name = Ilha de Angediva |
||
| |
| native_name_link = |
||
| sobriquet = |
| sobriquet = |
||
| |
| image_name =Angediva_Mendes.jpg |
||
| |
| image_caption =A map of Anjediva in 1885 |
||
| |
| image_alt = |
||
| image alt = |
|||
| locator map = |
|||
| locator map size = |
|||
| map_custom = no |
|||
| location = [[Arabian Sea]] |
| location = [[Arabian Sea]] |
||
| coordinates = |
| coordinates = |
||
| Line 68: | Line 57: | ||
| coastline_km =0.070 |
| coastline_km =0.070 |
||
| elevation_m =8 |
| elevation_m =8 |
||
| |
| highest_mount = <!--name--> |
||
| Country heading =India |
|||
| country = India |
| country = India |
||
| |
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[States and territories of India|State]] |
||
| |
| country_admin_divisions = [[Goa]] |
||
| |
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Districts of India|District]] |
||
| |
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[South Goa]] |
||
| |
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 =[[Taluks in South Goa|Sub District]] |
||
| |
| country_admin_divisions_2 =[[Canacona]] |
||
| demonym =Goan (now resettled) |
|||
| population =0 |
| population =0 |
||
| |
| population_as_of =2011 |
||
| density_km2 =0 |
| density_km2 =0 |
||
| |
| ethnic_groups =[[Goan Catholics]] (now resettled) |
||
| website = |
| website = |
||
| |
| additional_info = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Anjediva Island''' ({{ |
'''Anjediva Island''' (also '''Anjadip Island''') ({{langx|gom|Anjadiv}}; {{langx|pt|Ilha de Angediva}}) is an Indian [[island]] in the [[Arabian Sea]]. It sits off the coast of [[Canacona]], Goa. It is politically part of [[Goa]] state, geographically the nearest [[mainland]] is the [[Kanara]] subregion of [[Karnataka]]. |
||
The island is about {{convert|1.8|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} south of Goa, and extends over {{convert|1.5|km2|mi2|0|abbr=off}}. It was part of the [[Portuguese India]]n settlements until 1961. Following the [[annexation of Goa and Damaon]] the place was turned into a [[military base]], after which the [[civilian]] population was resettled to India or returned to Portugal. |
|||
The island is home to the Portuguese-built Anjediva fortress, which houses the shrines of ''[[Church of Our Lady of Springs|Our Lady of Brotas]]'' and ''[[Francis of Assisi|São Francisco de Assis]]''. The island is connected to the [[mainland]] by a breakwater. It is part of the [[INS Kadamba]] base of the [[Indian Navy]], near the city of [[Karwar]]. |
|||
== |
==Geography == |
||
[[File:Forte de Anjediva.gif|thumb|left|300px|[[Fort Anjediva]]]] |
|||
Anjediva, as [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] territory, was used by the [[Christian]]s and [[Hindus]] of the mainland as a refuge during the invasion of the coastal kingdoms of [[Keladi Nayaka|Bednore]] and Soonda by [[Tipu Sultan]], who had created the new state of Khodadad after usurping the throne from the Maharaja Wodeyars of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]. The ruins of Shri Aryadurga temple which was destroyed by the Portuguese{{Citation needed|date=January 2015}} is still to be found here. The Saraswat Brahmins on the island who could not bear this horrendous inquisition and mass destruction of temples done of by the Portuguese had no other option, rather to shift the deity to a neighboring place, now called Karnataka. The temple of Shri Aryadurga is located in the North of Karnataka, in a place called [[Ankola]]. |
|||
The island lies approximately 1.8 km from the district of [[Uttar Kannada]]. It is 4 km south of [[Karwar]] (once Baticala, or the kingdom of Garsopa, in Portuguese times) and about 87 km south of what once was called the city of Goa. Covering only 1.5 square kilometers, the island is 1.3 km long and 300 meters wide, on average. |
|||
==Origin of name== |
|||
The only regular presence is members of the [[Indian Navy]]. Occasionally, other visitors and fishermen come across the island. In the nineteenth century, some 200 people had permanent settlements there. |
|||
Although there are other interpretations, the island's name seems to have been derived from the local goddess Ajadurga Devi, whose invocation is believed to have led to its Konkani language name of Anjadip. Another theory points as the source of its origin of its name to the words of Malay and Tamil languages, and anji div corresponding to the fifth island, which gains support from the fact that Anjediva belongs to an archipelago of five coastal islets, of which the others are Kurnagal, Mudlingud, Devgad and Devragad. |
|||
==History== |
|||
==Location, population== |
|||
===Origin=== |
|||
The island is located at approximately 1800 m from the coast of the district of Uttar Kannada, Karnataka, 4 km south of Karwar (the old Baticala the kingdom of Garsopa, as it was known as in Portuguese times) and about 87 km south of what once was called the city of Goa. With only 1.5 square kilometers, the island is 1.3 km long and only 300 meters of average width. The island of Angediva is currently uninhabited, with only the regular presence of the Indian Navy military, which runs it as part of its Kadamba Naval Base, and some visitors and occasional fishermen. However, in the nineteenth century some 200 people lived on the island. |
|||
[[Vasco da Gama]] claimed the island as Portuguese crown territory on September 24, 1498 during his first trip to India.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vDAMAAAAIAAJ&dq=Paulo+da+Gama&pg=RA2-PA215 Gaspar Corrêa, ''The Three Voyages of Vasco Da Gama, and His Viceroyalty'', 1879, S. IXXX]</ref> |
|||
==Some background== |
|||
[[File:Forte de Anjediva.gif|thumb|left|300px|[[Fort Anjediva]]]] |
|||
The settlement of the island is very old, and appears to have been described by Ptolemy. Recent archaeological research found pillars, worked stones and pottery dating from the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the artistic style of Kadambas and Chalukyas, probably remnants of the Aryadurga goddess Devi temple. |
|||
The Portuguese presence on the island began with the landing of [[Francisco de Almeida|D. Francisco de Almeida]] on September 13, 1505, who ordered the building of a fortress, which was destroyed seven months later. The [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] attack, which culminated in the conquest of Goa in 1510, was launched from Anjediva. The island was unoccupied until 1661 when the English settled there, waiting for the treaty of July 23 to be complied. This treaty eventually yielded them Bombay, which was transferred among the colonial powers in 1665. |
|||
===English presence=== |
|||
Vasco da Gama declared the island of Angediva territory of the Portuguese crown on September 24, 1498, during his first trip to India. |
|||
The English presence came when Viceroy Antonio de Melo e Castro refused to hand [[Bombay]] to the British following the marriage of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] to [[Catherine of Braganza]], in which the city formed part of her [[dowry]]. Ships transported the English troops, commanded by the [[James Ley, 3rd Earl of Marlborough|Earl of Marlborough]] and accompanied by future Governor-general Sir [[Abraham Shipman]], sought shelter from the monsoons. Shipman, along with many officers and soldiers, eventually died due to the climate and poor housing, so harsh that of the initial force of over 500 men who arrived in 1662, only 191 men survived to leave the island. |
|||
The Portuguese presence on the island began with the landing of D. Francisco de Almeida, on September 13, 1505, who ordered the building of a fortress, which was destroyed seven months later. The Afonso de Albuquerque attack that culminated in the conquest of Goa in 1510 was launched from Angediva. The island was unoccupied until 1661, when the English settled there, waiting for the treaty of July 23 of the same year to be complied with, that yielded them Bombay, which got transferred among the colonial powers in 1665. |
|||
With the departure of the British in 1665, the island was vacant until the Marathas raids (led by [[Sambhaji]] in 1682) forced the Portuguese to rebuild the fort. The work was ordered by viceroy [[Francisco de Távora]], [[Count of Alvor]], as recorded by a plaque placed on the fortress. |
|||
==English presence== |
|||
In addition to the Anjediva Fort, the island was defended by other forts. Military barracks were constructed. A church dedicated to Our Lady of Brotas was built, along with a chapel dedicated to [[Our Lady of Sorrows]] (Nossa Senhora das Dores) and St. [[Francis of Assisi]]. A large tank for drinking water supplied water to the barracks and ships. |
|||
The English presence came about when Viceroy Antonio de Melo e Castro refused to hand over Bombay to the British. Ships that transported the English troops, commanded by General Sir Abraham Shipman, were forced to seek shelter on the island to defend themselves against the fury of the monsoons which was then at its height. The general and many officers and soldiers eventually died due to the harsh climate and poor housing, such that of the initial force of over 500 men who arrived in 1565, when they left the island, there were only 191 men, and 391 British graves left behind. |
|||
The present church of [[Church of Our Lady of Springs|Our Lady of Brotas]] was built in 1729 at the site where Pedro Alvares Cabral landed on August 22, 1500. He was then in command of the second Portuguese expedition of India and attended a Thanksgiving Mass celebrated by Friar Henrique de Coimbra, in the presence of eight Franciscan friars. It was the first mass celebrated by the Portuguese in India{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}. |
|||
With the departure of the British in 1665 the island was again vacant until the Marathas raids led by Sambhaji in 1682 forced the Portuguese to rebuild the fort. The work was undertaken at the orders of the viceroy Francisco de Távora, Count of Alvor, which was witnessed to by a plaque placed on the fortress. |
|||
===Refuge=== |
|||
In addition to the Angediva Fort, the island was defended by several forts, and a military barracks was built. A church dedicated to Our Lady of Brotas was built, and a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows (Nossa Senhora das Dores) and St. Francis of Assisi. For water supply to the barracks and ships touching the island, a large tank for drinking water was built. |
|||
During the Portuguese occupation in the 18th century, the island sheltered Christians and Hindus of the mainland coastal border. The invasion of the realms of [[Bednore]] and Soonda by the Muslim forces of [[Tipu Sultan]] created the new potentate of Khodadad by seizing the throne of the [[Maharajas]] of [[Mysore]]. The island then reached its highest development, and in 1768 it had a governor with staff and 350 soldiers. |
|||
The present church of Our Lady of Brotas was built in 1729 in the place where were the remains of an ancient chapel built before 1510 at the site where on August 22, 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral landed. He was then in command of the second Portuguese expedition India, and attended a Thanksgiving Mass celebrated by Friar Henrique de Coimbra, in the presence of another 8 Franciscan friars. It was the first mass celebrated by the Portuguese in India. |
|||
In 1856, the island was hit by a major epidemic, attributed to a cemetery near the source of water that supplied the population. Once the cemetery was transferred to the island's north side, living conditions improved significantly. The population that had meanwhile settled in Boca de Vaca in Panjim no longer wanted to return. |
|||
==Place for refuge== |
|||
In 1954 relations between Portugal and India had started to deteriorate. Retired military personnel then settled on Anjediva. Following allegations of incursions by [[Indian Forces|Indian forces]], the Portuguese placed a military detachment on the island. Links with Goa were maintained, but in the monsoon season, the island was isolated. |
|||
During the Portuguese presence on the island in the eighteenth century its served as a refuge for Christians and Hindus of the mainland coastal border during the invasion of the realms of Bednore and Soonda by the Muslim forces of Tipu Sultan, who had created the new potentate of Khodadad by seizing the throne of the Maharajas of Mysore, Wodeyar. It was in this period that the island reached its highest development, and in 1768 had a governor with his staff and 350 soldiers. |
|||
In 1960, at the initiative of governor-general General Vassallo e Silva, the Church of Our Lady of Brotas and the Chapel of St. Francis of Assisi were restored along with the island's barracks. |
|||
In 1856 the island was hit by a major epidemic whose causes were attributed to the location of the cemetery near the source that supplied the population with water. Once the cemetery was transferred from the top of the mountain to the north side of the island, the living conditions improved significantly, but the population that had meanwhile settled in the neighborhood of Boca de Vaca in Panjim, no longer wanted to return. |
|||
==Portuguese-Indian relations== |
|||
In 1954, when relations between Portugal and the newly independent Indian Union has started to deteriorate, only some retired military personnel lived in Anjediva. Following allegations of incursions by the Indian forces, the Portuguese placed on the island a military detachment. Links with Goa were maintained, but in the monsoon season the island was isolated. |
|||
[[File:Coat of arms of Portuguese India (1935-1951).svg|thumb|190x190px|Coat of arms of Portuguese India (1935–1951)]] |
|||
On November 24, 1961, just before the invasion of [[Portuguese India]] by the [[Republic of India]], Anjediva was the scene of an incident when an Indian passenger ship, the [[Sabarmati (area)|Sabarmati]], was fired upon by the Portuguese military garrison, injuring a crew member and killing a passenger. The Portuguese government had argued that the naval area on the island had been invaded. Although this was already in preparation, the incident contributed to the outbreak of [[Operation Vijay (1961)|Operation Vijay]], which culminated at the end of Portuguese rule in [[Goa]] and its incorporation into the Indian Union. |
|||
Recognizing the strategic importance of Anjediva, the island was occupied on December 22, 1961. Lieutenant [[Arun Auditto]] led a [[landing party]] which assaulted and captured the island in a military action that cost the lives of seven Indian soldiers, remembered in a monument there. This reduced the civilian population to four persons: two elderly women, a man and a child along with 30 Goan and Portuguese soldiers. After 1961, the population of about 200 [[Fisherman|fishermen]] who frequented Anjediva migrated to the mainland. The island remained abandoned until 1982, when, at the initiative of a local priest, the church was restored and pilgrimages resumed. |
|||
In 1960, at the initiative of the governor-general General Vassallo e Silva, the Church of Our Lady of Brotas and the Chapel of St. Francis of Assisi were given important restoration jobs. The same happened with the existing barracks on the island. |
|||
==Indian rule== |
|||
==Scene of serious incident== |
|||
[[File:Coat of arms of Portuguese India (1935-1951).svg|thumb|190x190px|Coat of arms of Portuguese India (1935-1951)]] |
|||
On November 24, 1961, just before the invasion of Portuguese India by forces of the Indian Union, the island of Anjediva was the scene of a serious incident when an Indian passenger ship, the Sabarmati, was attacked with shots fired from the island by the Portuguese military garrison, causing injury to a crew member and the death of a passenger. At the time the Portuguese government had argued that the naval area on the island had been invaded in what it considered to be an Indian provocation against the State of Portuguese India. Although this was already in preparation, the incident contributed to the outbreak of Operation Vijay, which culminated in the end of Portuguese rule in Goa and incorporating Goa into the Indian Union. |
|||
Recognizing the strategic importance of Anjediva, the island taken over on December 22, 1961, in a military action that cost the lives of seven Indian military who are today remembered in a monument installed there. At the time the civilian population was reduced to four persons: two elderly women, a man and a child. Then, kept on the island were 30 Goan and Portuguese soldiers. After 1961, the population of about 200 fishermen who frequented Angediva was transferred to the mainland and the island remained abandoned until 1982, when, at the initiative of a local priest, the church was restored and pilgrimages resumed. |
|||
==Handed over to Navy== |
|||
[[File:Martyr's Memorial, Anjediva.jpg|thumb|196x196px|Martyr's Memorial]] |
[[File:Martyr's Memorial, Anjediva.jpg|thumb|196x196px|Martyr's Memorial]] |
||
Following an agreement in 1987 between the government |
Following an agreement in 1987 between the Goa government and the Indian Navy, the island became part of the Naval Base of Karwar in 1991. It is known as [[INS Kadamba]] or "Seabird". The base is projected to become one of the largest naval bases in Asia. This action, taken by [[Ravi Naik|Ravi S. Naik]], who was, at the time, the chief minister of Goa, was strongly challenged, as the island was considered part of Goa's historical heritage. Construction of the base included the installation of a 1,800 meter-long breakwater connecting the northeast tip of the island to the tip of Binaga on the mainland, which allowed for road access. |
||
The island is known for the annual feast of Our Lady of Brotas, held on February 2, and the feast of the hermitage St. Francis of Assisi, held on 4 October, although they have recently arisen problems over the access to the island which is now under military jurisdiction. |
|||
The island celebrate the annual feast of Our Lady of Brotas, held on February 2, and the Feast of the Hermitage St. Francis of Assisi, held on 4 October. |
|||
Anjediva also has a [[Fort Anjediva|fort]] built by the Portuguese.<ref name="supgoa"/> |
|||
In 2016, |
In 2016, the [[Indian Parliament]] announced that Project Seabird at Karwar was a sensitive project, wherein people could not be allowed to access it freely. This created a local problem. Thereafter, it was impossible to grant permission to celebrate feasts at Anjediva Island in Goa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/handing-over-of-anjadiv-island-to-the-defence-ministry-116030100700_1.html|title=Handing Over of Anjadiv Island to the Defence Ministry |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=March 2016 |access-date=2016-06-13}}</ref> |
||
==Geography== |
==Geography== |
||
The island is located west of Karwar, Karnataka and is surrounded by the [[Arabian Sea]].{{Geographic location|Centre=Anjediva|North=Arabian Sea|Northeast=Karnataka|East=Karnataka|Southeast=Karnataka|South=Arabian Sea|Southwest=Arabian Sea|West=Arabian Sea|Northwest=Arabian Sea}} |
The island is located west of [[Karwar]], [[Karnataka]] and is surrounded by the [[Arabian Sea]].{{Geographic location|Centre=Anjediva|North=Arabian Sea|Northeast=Karnataka|East=Karnataka|Southeast=Karnataka|South=Arabian Sea|Southwest=Arabian Sea|West=Arabian Sea|Northwest=Arabian Sea}} |
||
==Culture== |
==Culture== |
||
The island is known for its annual feast of Our Lady of Springs (''Nossa Senhora das Brotas'') on 2 February and |
The island is known for its annual feast of Our Lady of Springs (''Nossa Senhora das Brotas'') on 2 February and Feast of the Chapel of St. [[Francis of Assisi|Francis D'Assisi]] on 4 October.<ref name="supgoa">{{cite web |url= http://www.heraldgoa.in/Edit/Middle/12jan-2009/21457.html |title= Not only politicians break promises |
||
|publisher= |
|publisher= [[O Heraldo]] |access-date= 2009-02-05}}</ref> |
||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140"> |
|||
[[File:Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Brotas, Anjediva.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Nossa Senhora das Brotas with alter]]<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Alter of Nossa Senhora das Brotas, Anjediva.jpg|thumb|Close up of Alter|176x176px]] -->[[File:Igreja de São Francisco de Assis, Anjediva.jpg|center|thumb|150x150px|Ruins of Igreja de São Francisco de Assis]] |
|||
File:Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Brotas, Anjediva.jpg|Nossa Senhora das Brotas with altar |
|||
File:Igreja de São Francisco de Assis, Anjediva.jpg|Ruins of Igreja de São Francisco de Assis |
|||
</gallery> |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
{{portal|Islands}} |
|||
[[Fort Anjediva]] <br/> |
|||
[[Church of Our Lady of Springs]] |
*[[Fort Anjediva]] |
||
*[[Church of Our Lady of Springs]] |
|||
==Notes== |
==Notes== |
||
| Line 164: | Line 148: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
*{{cite web |url= http://www.colaco.net/1/AbreuAnjediva1.htm |title= Anjediva — 1 |publisher= by Colaco.net |author |
*{{cite web |url= http://www.colaco.net/1/AbreuAnjediva1.htm |title= Anjediva — 1 |publisher= by Colaco.net |author= Francisco S. d'abreu |access-date= 2009-02-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110527205952/http://www.colaco.net/1/AbreuAnjediva1.htm |archive-date= 2011-05-27 }} |
||
*{{cite web |url= http://www.colaco.net/1/Anjadiva.htm |title=The Travesty at Anjediva! | |
*{{cite web |url= http://www.colaco.net/1/Anjadiva.htm |title= The Travesty at Anjediva! |website=The Goan Forum |author=Godfrey J I Gonsalves |access-date= 2009-02-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140320185022/http://www.colaco.net/1/Anjadiva.htm |archive-date= 2014-03-20 }} |
||
*.thegoavilla.com |
|||
*http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Navy-denies-Goans-access-to-Anjediva-island-again/articleshow/46101044.cms |
|||
[[Category:Islands of Goa]] |
[[Category:Islands of Goa]] |
||
[[Category:South Goa district]] |
[[Category:Geography of South Goa district]] |
||
[[Category:Tourist attractions in South Goa district]] |
|||
[[Category:Islands of the Arabian Sea]] |
|||
[[Category:Islands of India]] |
|||
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of India]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 18:52, 1 November 2024
Anjediva
Ilha de Angediva | |
|---|---|
Island | |
 Location of Anjediva (red) in Canacona (pink) | |
  Anjediva | |
| Coordinates: 14°45′39″N 74°06′41″E / 14.760886°N 74.111258°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Goa |
| District | South Goa |
| Township | Canacona |
| Portuguese Establishment | before 1498 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Indian Navy |
| Area | |
• Total | 1.5 km2 (0.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 0 |
| • Density | 0.0/km2 (0.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
Native name: Ilha de Angediva | |
|---|---|
 A map of Anjediva in 1885 | |
 | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Arabian Sea |
| Area | 1.5 km2 (0.58 sq mi) |
| Length | 1.5 km (0.93 mi) |
| Width | 0.25 km (0.155 mi) |
| Coastline | 0.070 km (0.0435 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Administration | |
India | |
| State | Goa |
| District | South Goa |
| Sub District | Canacona |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 (2011) |
| Pop. density | 0/km2 (0/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | Goan Catholics (now resettled) |
Anjediva Island (also Anjadip Island) (Goan Konkani: Anjadiv; Portuguese: Ilha de Angediva) is an Indian island in the Arabian Sea. It sits off the coast of Canacona, Goa. It is politically part of Goa state, geographically the nearest mainland is the Kanara subregion of Karnataka.
The island is about 1.8 kilometres (1 mile) south of Goa, and extends over 1.5 square kilometres (1 square mile). It was part of the Portuguese Indian settlements until 1961. Following the annexation of Goa and Damaon the place was turned into a military base, after which the civilian population was resettled to India or returned to Portugal.
The island is home to the Portuguese-built Anjediva fortress, which houses the shrines of Our Lady of Brotas and São Francisco de Assis. The island is connected to the mainland by a breakwater. It is part of the INS Kadamba base of the Indian Navy, near the city of Karwar.
Geography
[edit]The island lies approximately 1.8 km from the district of Uttar Kannada. It is 4 km south of Karwar (once Baticala, or the kingdom of Garsopa, in Portuguese times) and about 87 km south of what once was called the city of Goa. Covering only 1.5 square kilometers, the island is 1.3 km long and 300 meters wide, on average.
The only regular presence is members of the Indian Navy. Occasionally, other visitors and fishermen come across the island. In the nineteenth century, some 200 people had permanent settlements there.
History
[edit]Origin
[edit]Vasco da Gama claimed the island as Portuguese crown territory on September 24, 1498 during his first trip to India.[1]
The Portuguese presence on the island began with the landing of D. Francisco de Almeida on September 13, 1505, who ordered the building of a fortress, which was destroyed seven months later. The Afonso de Albuquerque attack, which culminated in the conquest of Goa in 1510, was launched from Anjediva. The island was unoccupied until 1661 when the English settled there, waiting for the treaty of July 23 to be complied. This treaty eventually yielded them Bombay, which was transferred among the colonial powers in 1665.
English presence
[edit]The English presence came when Viceroy Antonio de Melo e Castro refused to hand Bombay to the British following the marriage of Charles II to Catherine of Braganza, in which the city formed part of her dowry. Ships transported the English troops, commanded by the Earl of Marlborough and accompanied by future Governor-general Sir Abraham Shipman, sought shelter from the monsoons. Shipman, along with many officers and soldiers, eventually died due to the climate and poor housing, so harsh that of the initial force of over 500 men who arrived in 1662, only 191 men survived to leave the island.
With the departure of the British in 1665, the island was vacant until the Marathas raids (led by Sambhaji in 1682) forced the Portuguese to rebuild the fort. The work was ordered by viceroy Francisco de Távora, Count of Alvor, as recorded by a plaque placed on the fortress.
In addition to the Anjediva Fort, the island was defended by other forts. Military barracks were constructed. A church dedicated to Our Lady of Brotas was built, along with a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows (Nossa Senhora das Dores) and St. Francis of Assisi. A large tank for drinking water supplied water to the barracks and ships.
The present church of Our Lady of Brotas was built in 1729 at the site where Pedro Alvares Cabral landed on August 22, 1500. He was then in command of the second Portuguese expedition of India and attended a Thanksgiving Mass celebrated by Friar Henrique de Coimbra, in the presence of eight Franciscan friars. It was the first mass celebrated by the Portuguese in India[citation needed].
Refuge
[edit]During the Portuguese occupation in the 18th century, the island sheltered Christians and Hindus of the mainland coastal border. The invasion of the realms of Bednore and Soonda by the Muslim forces of Tipu Sultan created the new potentate of Khodadad by seizing the throne of the Maharajas of Mysore. The island then reached its highest development, and in 1768 it had a governor with staff and 350 soldiers.
In 1856, the island was hit by a major epidemic, attributed to a cemetery near the source of water that supplied the population. Once the cemetery was transferred to the island's north side, living conditions improved significantly. The population that had meanwhile settled in Boca de Vaca in Panjim no longer wanted to return.
In 1954 relations between Portugal and India had started to deteriorate. Retired military personnel then settled on Anjediva. Following allegations of incursions by Indian forces, the Portuguese placed a military detachment on the island. Links with Goa were maintained, but in the monsoon season, the island was isolated.
In 1960, at the initiative of governor-general General Vassallo e Silva, the Church of Our Lady of Brotas and the Chapel of St. Francis of Assisi were restored along with the island's barracks.
Portuguese-Indian relations
[edit].svg)
On November 24, 1961, just before the invasion of Portuguese India by the Republic of India, Anjediva was the scene of an incident when an Indian passenger ship, the Sabarmati, was fired upon by the Portuguese military garrison, injuring a crew member and killing a passenger. The Portuguese government had argued that the naval area on the island had been invaded. Although this was already in preparation, the incident contributed to the outbreak of Operation Vijay, which culminated at the end of Portuguese rule in Goa and its incorporation into the Indian Union.
Recognizing the strategic importance of Anjediva, the island was occupied on December 22, 1961. Lieutenant Arun Auditto led a landing party which assaulted and captured the island in a military action that cost the lives of seven Indian soldiers, remembered in a monument there. This reduced the civilian population to four persons: two elderly women, a man and a child along with 30 Goan and Portuguese soldiers. After 1961, the population of about 200 fishermen who frequented Anjediva migrated to the mainland. The island remained abandoned until 1982, when, at the initiative of a local priest, the church was restored and pilgrimages resumed.
Indian rule
[edit]
Following an agreement in 1987 between the Goa government and the Indian Navy, the island became part of the Naval Base of Karwar in 1991. It is known as INS Kadamba or "Seabird". The base is projected to become one of the largest naval bases in Asia. This action, taken by Ravi S. Naik, who was, at the time, the chief minister of Goa, was strongly challenged, as the island was considered part of Goa's historical heritage. Construction of the base included the installation of a 1,800 meter-long breakwater connecting the northeast tip of the island to the tip of Binaga on the mainland, which allowed for road access.
The island celebrate the annual feast of Our Lady of Brotas, held on February 2, and the Feast of the Hermitage St. Francis of Assisi, held on 4 October.
In 2016, the Indian Parliament announced that Project Seabird at Karwar was a sensitive project, wherein people could not be allowed to access it freely. This created a local problem. Thereafter, it was impossible to grant permission to celebrate feasts at Anjediva Island in Goa.[2]
Geography
[edit]The island is located west of Karwar, Karnataka and is surrounded by the Arabian Sea.
Places adjacent to Anjediva Island | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||
Culture
[edit]The island is known for its annual feast of Our Lady of Springs (Nossa Senhora das Brotas) on 2 February and Feast of the Chapel of St. Francis D'Assisi on 4 October.[3]
-
Nossa Senhora das Brotas with altar -
Ruins of Igreja de São Francisco de Assis
See also
[edit]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Gaspar Corrêa, The Three Voyages of Vasco Da Gama, and His Viceroyalty, 1879, S. IXXX
- ^ "Handing Over of Anjadiv Island to the Defence Ministry". Business Standard India. March 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
- ^ "Not only politicians break promises". O Heraldo. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
External links
[edit]- Francisco S. d'abreu. "Anjediva — 1". by Colaco.net. Archived from the original on 2011-05-27. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
- Godfrey J I Gonsalves. "The Travesty at Anjediva!". The Goan Forum. Archived from the original on 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2009-02-05.