Kabsa: Difference between revisions

Kabsa
Arabic: كبسة
Course	Meal
Region or state	Arabian Peninsula
Main ingredients	Rice (usually long-grain, almost always basmati), chicken, vegetables, and a mixture of spices (cardamom, saffron, cinnamon, black lime, bay leaves and nutmeg)
Variations	Machboos (Arabic: مكبوس/مچبوس, romanized: makbūs/machbūs)
	[[Commons:Category:Kabsa\|Media: Kabsa; Arabic: كبسة]];

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Kabsa (Arabic: كبسة kabsah) or makbūs/machbūs (مكبوس/مچبوس Gulf pron.: [mɑtʃˈbuːs]) is an Arabian mixed rice dish that originates from Saudi Arabia^[2] or Yemen.^[1] It is commonly regarded as a national dish in all the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. It can also be found in regions such as southern Iran and Gaza in Palestine.^[1]

History

Historically, kabsa was prepared by Bedouin tribes who roamed the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula. They relied on simple ingredients that were readily available: rice, meat (usually lamb or chicken), and a blend of spices.^[2]

Over time, as trade routes expanded and new ingredients became accessible, variations of kabsa began to emerge.

Today, it is acknowledged that each region in Saudi Arabia has its own unique version of kabsa. Despite these differences, the essence remains—the combination of rice, meat and aromatic spices cooked together.^[3]

Etymology

The name comes from the word kabasa (Arabic: كبس), literally meaning to press or squeeze, alluding to the technique used in the cooking where the ingredients are all cooked in (or "squeezed into") one pot.^{[citation needed]}

Ingredients

These dishes, of which there are many variations, are usually made with rice (usually basmati), meat, vegetables, and a mixture of spices.

Pre-mixed kabsa spices are now available under several brand names. These reduce preparation time, but may have a flavor distinct from traditional kabsa. The spices used in kabsa are largely responsible for its taste; these are generally black pepper, cloves, cardamom, saffron, cinnamon, black lime, bay leaves and nutmeg.^[4]

The main ingredient that accompanies the spices is the meat. The meats used are usually chicken, goat, lamb, camel, beef, fish or shrimp. In chicken machbūs, a whole chicken is used.^{[citation needed]}

The spices, rice, and meat may be augmented with almonds, pine nuts, peanuts, onions, and sultanas.^[5] The dish can be garnished with ḥashū (Arabic: حشو) and served hot with daqqūs (Arabic: دقّوس), which is a home-made Arabic tomato sauce.^{[citation needed]}

Methods of cooking

Meat for kabsa can be cooked in various ways. A popular way of preparing meat is called mandi. This ancient technique originates from Hadramout^[7] and involves a type of earth oven whereby meat is barbecued in a deep hole in the ground that is then covered while the meat cooks. Another way of preparing and serving meat for kabsa is mathbi, where seasoned meat is grilled on flat stones that are placed on top of burning embers. A third technique, madghūt, involves cooking the meat in a pressure cooker. All of these techniques originate from Yemen.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Anissa Helou (4 October 2018). Feast: Food of the Islamic World. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781526605566.
^ ^a ^b "Al Kabsa - Ancient Arabian Chicken and Fragrant Rice Recipe - Food.com". Food.com. 2022-05-27. Retrieved 2024-07-28. This classic Arabian dish is Saudi Arabian in origin
^ Keliher, Irene (2023-09-27). "Kabsa: The Iconic Dish as Prepared in Saudi Arabia". Beyond Borders. Retrieved 2024-07-28.
^ "Al Kabsa - Traditional Rice dish". Food.com. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
^ "How to Make Kabsa". Retrieved 23 June 2012.
^ Salloum, Habeeb (2010). The Arabian nights cookbook : from lamb kebabs to baba ghanouj, delicious homestyle Arabian cooking. Suan I. Lim. Tokyo: Tuttle Pub. ISBN 978-1-4629-0524-9. OCLC 782879761.
^ ^a ^b Anissa Helou (4 October 2018). Feast: Food of the Islamic World. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781526605566.

[Anissa_Helou-1] Anissa Helou (4 October 2018). Feast: Food of the Islamic World. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781526605566.

[:1-2] "Al Kabsa - Ancient Arabian Chicken and Fragrant Rice Recipe - Food.com". Food.com. 2022-05-27. Retrieved 2024-07-28. This classic Arabian dish is Saudi Arabian in origin

[3] Keliher, Irene (2023-09-27). "Kabsa: The Iconic Dish as Prepared in Saudi Arabia". Beyond Borders. Retrieved 2024-07-28.

[4] "Al Kabsa - Traditional Rice dish". Food.com. Retrieved 23 June 2012.

[5] "How to Make Kabsa". Retrieved 23 June 2012.

[6] Salloum, Habeeb (2010). The Arabian nights cookbook : from lamb kebabs to baba ghanouj, delicious homestyle Arabian cooking. Suan I. Lim. Tokyo: Tuttle Pub. ISBN 978-1-4629-0524-9. OCLC 782879761.

[:0-7] Anissa Helou (4 October 2018). Feast: Food of the Islamic World. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781526605566.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Arabian rice dish}}
-{{refimprove|date=June 2012}}
-{{Infobox prepared food
+{{Infobox food
-| name             = Kabsa
+| name = Kabsa<br />{{langx|ar|كبسة}}
-| image            = Kabsa.jpg
+| image = Kabsa.jpg
-| caption          =
+| caption =
-| alternate_name   =  ''Kabsah'' ({{lang-ar|كبسة}}), ''makbūs'' ({{lang-ar|مكبوس}})
+| alternate_name =
+| region = [[Arabian Peninsula]]<ref name="Anissa Helou"/>
-| country          =  [[Saudi Arabia]]
+| course = Meal
-| region           = [[Saudi Arabia]],[[State of Palestine|Palestine]], [[Jordan]], [[Qatar]], [[Oman]] [[Yemen]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Bahrain]], [[Iraq]] and [[Kuwait]]
+| served =
-,[Iran]| creator          =
+| main_ingredient = [[Rice]] (usually long-grain, almost always [[basmati]]), [[Chicken as food|chicken]], [[vegetable]]s, and a mixture of [[spice]]s ([[cardamom]], [[saffron]], [[cinnamon]], [[black lime]], [[Bay leaf|bay leaves]] and [[nutmeg]])
-| course           = Meal
+| variations = Machboos ({{langx|ar|مكبوس/مچبوس|makbūs/machbūs}})
-| served           =
+| other =
-| main_ingredient  = [[Rice]] (usually long-grain, such as [[basmati]]), [[meat]], [[vegetable]]s, and a mixture of [[spice]]s ([[cardamom]], [[saffron]], [[cinnamon]], [[black lime]], [[Bay leaf|bay leaves]] and [[nutmeg]])
+| name_lang = ar
-| variations       = [[Mandi (food)|Mandi]]
-| calories         =
+| place_of_origin =
-| other            =
 }}
+'''Kabsa''' ({{langx|ar|كبسة}} ''kabsah'') or ''makbūs/machbūs'' ({{lang|ar|مكبوس/مچبوس}} <small>[[Gulf Arabic|Gulf]] pron.:</small> {{IPA|[mɑtʃˈbuːs]}}) is an Arabian [[mixed rice dish]] that originates from [[Saudi Arabia]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Al Kabsa - Ancient Arabian Chicken and Fragrant Rice Recipe - Food.com |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527060617/https://www.food.com/recipe/al-kabsa-ancient-arabian-chicken-and-fragrant-rice-290003 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=Food.com |quote=This classic Arabian dish is Saudi Arabian in origin}}</ref> or [[Yemen]].<ref name="Anissa Helou" /> It is commonly regarded as a [[national dish]] in all the countries of the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]]. It can also be found in regions such as southern [[Iran]] and [[Gaza strip|Gaza]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].<ref name="Anissa Helou">{{cite book |title=Feast: Food of the Islamic World|author=Anissa Helou|date=4 October 2018|publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=9781526605566|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z6dvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT389}}</ref>
+== History ==
-'''Kabsa''' ({{lang-ar|كبسة}} ''kabsah'') is a family of [[mixed rice dish]]es that originates from Saudi Arabia, where it is commonly regarded as a [[national dish]]. Though Kabsa is believed to be indigenous to [[Saudi Arabia]], it is often served in countries such as [[Saudi Arabia]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], [[Jordan]] ,[[Qatar]], [[Oman]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Bahrain]], [[Iraq]] and [[Kuwait]]. The dish is also popularly known as ''makbūs'' ({{lang-ar|مكبوس}}) in most Arab states of the Arab Gulf, but is served in the same way..
+Historically, kabsa was prepared by [[Bedouin]] tribes who roamed the deserts of the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. They relied on simple ingredients that were readily available: rice, meat (usually [[Lamb and mutton|lamb]] or [[Chicken as food|chicken]]), and a blend of spices.<ref name=":1" />
+Over time, as trade routes expanded and new ingredients became accessible, variations of kabsa began to emerge.
+Today, it is acknowledged that each region in Saudi Arabia has its own unique version of kabsa. Despite these differences, the essence remains—the combination of rice, meat and aromatic spices cooked together.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keliher |first=Irene |date=2023-09-27 |title=Kabsa: The Iconic Dish as Prepared in Saudi Arabia |url=https://blog.remitly.com/lifestyle-culture/nationaldishes-kabsa-fascinating-facts-saudi-arabia/ |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=Beyond Borders |language=en-US}}</ref>
+== Etymology ==
+The name comes from the word ''kabasa'' ({{langx|ar|كبس}}), literally meaning to press or squeeze, alluding to the technique used in the cooking where the ingredients are all cooked in (or "squeezed into") one pot.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
 ==Ingredients==
+[[File:الكبسة الفلسطينية.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Palestinian]] kabsa, consisting of rice, vegetables, and some spices added to it. It is served with grilled chicken.]]
-These dishes are usually made with [[rice]] (usually long-grain, such as [[basmati]]), [[meat]], [[vegetable]]s, and a mixture of [[spice]]s. There are many kinds of kabsa and each kind has a uniqueness about it. Pre-mixed kabsa spices are now available under several brand names. These reduce preparation time, but may have a flavor distinct from traditional kabsa. The spices used in kabsa are largely responsible for its taste; these are generally [[black pepper]], [[clove]]s, [[cardamom]], [[saffron]], [[cinnamon]], [[black lime]], [[Bay leaf|bay leaves]] and [[nutmeg]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Al Kabsa - Traditional Rice dish|url=http://www.food.com/recipe/al-kabsa-traditional-saudi-rice-chicken-dish-289878|work=Food.com|accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref>  The main ingredient that accompanies the spices is the meat. The meats used are usually [[Chicken (food)|chicken]], [[Goat meat|goat]], [[Lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[Camel#Meat|camel]], [[beef]], [[Fish as food|fish]] and [[shrimp]]. In chicken ''machbūs'', a whole chicken is used. The spices, rice and meat may be augmented with [[almond]]s, [[pine nut]]s, [[peanut]]s, [[onion]]s and [[Raisin|sultanas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Make Kabsa|url=http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Kabsa|accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref>  The dish can be garnished with ''ḥashū'' ({{lang-ar|حشو}}) and served hot with ''daqqūs'' ({{lang-ar|دقّوس}}), which is a home-made Arabic tomato sauce.
+These dishes, of which there are many variations, are usually made with [[rice]] (usually [[basmati]]), [[meat]], [[vegetable]]s, and a mixture of [[spice]]s.
-[[File:Machboos.JPG|250px|right|thumb|Kabsa is also known as ''machbūs'' in the [[Persian Gulf]] region.]]
-Meat for kabsa can be cooked in various ways. A popular way of preparing meat is called ''[[Mandi (food)|mandi]]''. This is an ancient technique that originates in Yemen, whereby meat is barbecued in a deep hole in the ground that is covered while the meat cooks. Another way of preparing and serving meat for kabsa is ''mathbi'', where seasoned meat is grilled on flat stones that are placed on top of burning embers. A third technique, ''madghūt'', involves cooking the meat in a [[pressure cooker]].
+Pre-mixed kabsa spices are now available under several brand names. These reduce preparation time, but may have a flavor distinct from traditional kabsa. The spices used in kabsa are largely responsible for its taste; these are generally [[black pepper]], [[clove]]s, [[cardamom]], [[saffron]], [[cinnamon]], [[black lime]], [[Bay leaf|bay leaves]] and [[nutmeg]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Al Kabsa - Traditional Rice dish|url=http://www.food.com/recipe/al-kabsa-traditional-saudi-rice-chicken-dish-289878|work=Food.com|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref>
+The main ingredient that accompanies the spices is the meat. The meats used are usually [[Chicken (food)|chicken]], [[Goat meat|goat]], [[Lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[Camel#Meat|camel]], [[beef]], [[Fish as food|fish]] or [[Shrimp and prawn as food|shrimp]]. In chicken ''machbūs'', a whole chicken is used.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
+The spices, rice, and meat may be augmented with [[almond]]s, [[pine nut]]s, [[peanut]]s, [[onion]]s, and [[Raisin|sultanas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Make Kabsa|url=http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Kabsa|access-date=23 June 2012}}</ref> The dish can be garnished with ''ḥashū'' ({{langx|ar|حشو}}) and served hot with ''daqqūs'' ({{langx|ar|دقّوس}}), which is a home-made Arabic [[tomato sauce]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}{{Arab cuisine}}
+==Methods of cooking==
+[[File:Chicken Mandi Rice مندي دجاج.JPG|left|thumb|185x185px|[[Mandi (food)|Mandi]] is one of the most popular ways of eating this dish. It originates from [[Hadhramaut|Hadramout]], [[Yemen]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Salloum |first=Habeeb |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/782879761 |title=The Arabian nights cookbook : from lamb kebabs to baba ghanouj, delicious homestyle Arabian cooking |date=2010 |publisher=Tuttle Pub |others=Suan I. Lim |isbn=978-1-4629-0524-9 |location=Tokyo |oclc=782879761}}</ref>]]
+Meat for kabsa can be cooked in various ways. A popular way of preparing meat is called ''[[Mandi (food)|mandi]]''. This ancient technique originates from [[Hadramout]]<ref name=":0">{{cite book |author=Anissa Helou |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z6dvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT389 |title=Feast: Food of the Islamic World |date=4 October 2018 | publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=9781526605566}}</ref> and involves a type of [[earth oven]] whereby meat is barbecued in a deep hole in the ground that is then covered while the meat cooks. Another way of preparing and serving meat for kabsa is ''mathbi'', where seasoned meat is grilled on flat stones that are placed on top of burning embers. A third technique, ''madghūt'', involves cooking the meat in a [[pressure cooker]]. All of these techniques originate from [[Yemen]].<ref name=":0" />
 ==See also==
-{{Portal|Food}}
+{{Portal|Food|Yemen}}
-* [[Mandi (food)]]
+*[[Arab cuisine]]
-*[[Jordanian cuisine]]
+*[[Mandi (food)|Mandi]]
+*[[National symbols of Saudi Arabia]]
-*[[Iraqi cuisine]]
-*[[Qatari cuisine]]
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
-[[Category:Arab cuisine]]
 [[Category:Middle Eastern cuisine]]
 [[Category:Yemeni cuisine]]
 [[Category:Saudi Arabian cuisine]]
+[[Category:Kuwaiti cuisine]]
 [[Category:Palestinian cuisine]]
 [[Category:Jordanian cuisine]]
-[[Category:Rice dishes]]
-[[Category:Iraqi cuisine]]
 [[Category:Emirati cuisine]]
 [[Category:Bahraini cuisine]]
 [[Category:Qatari cuisine]]
-[[Category:National dishes]]
 [[Category:Omani cuisine]]
+[[Category:Iranian cuisine]]
+[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
+[[Category:National dishes]]
+[[Category:Rice dishes]]
+[[Category:Communal eating]]
+[[Category:National symbols of Saudi Arabia]]