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{{Other people|William Wallace}}
{{Other people|William Wallace}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
'''William Wallace''' (3 July 1860{{spaced ndash}}16 December 1940) was notable as a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[classical music|classical]] [[composer]] and writer. He served as Dean of the Faculty of Music in the [[University of London]].
'''William Wallace''' (3 July 1860{{spaced ndash}}16 December 1940) was notable as a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[classical music|classical]] [[composer]] and writer. He served as Dean of the Faculty of Music in the [[University of London]].


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Born at [[Greenock]], Wallace studied [[ophthalmology]] at the [[University of Glasgow]], and in [[Vienna]] and [[Paris]]. He became a qualified ophthalmic surgeon.
Born at [[Greenock]], Wallace studied [[ophthalmology]] at the [[University of Glasgow]], and in [[Vienna]] and [[Paris]]. He became a qualified ophthalmic surgeon, but was also a poet, dramatist, writer on music and a painter.<ref>[https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/c.asp?c=C630 Biography, Hyperion Records]</ref>


In 1889 he entered the [[Royal Academy of Music|Royal Academy]] in [[London]] to study music with [[Alexander Mackenzie (composer)|Alexander Mackenzie]] and [[Frederick Corder]], but after two terms his father withdrew funding. This was the only formal training he had.<ref>Barker, Donald J. "[https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000029839?rskey=xiwzIb&result=1 William Wallace]", in ''Grove Music Online'', 2001.</ref>
In 1889 he entered the [[Royal Academy of Music|Royal Academy]] in [[London]] to study music.


==Career==
==Career==
Wallace was greatly influenced by [[Franz Liszt]], and was an early (though not the first) composer of [[symphonic poem]]s in Britain.
Wallace was greatly influenced by [[Franz Liszt]], and was an early (though not the first) composer of [[symphonic poem]]s in Britain. He was one of the composers featured in [[Granville Bantock]]'s concert of new music by himself and his friends, put on at [[Queen's Hall]] on 15 December 1896, for which Wallace wrote a "manifesto".<ref>Wallace, William. 'Young England's 'Manifesto', reprinted in ''The Bantock Society Journal'', Vol. 3 No. 1, Summer 1998</ref> (Other composers included in this group were Erskine Allon, [[Arthur Hinton]], [[Stanley Hawley]] and [[Charles Steggall|Reginald Steggall]]).


His compositions include the symphonic poem, ''Sir William Wallace'' (1905; based on his namesake, the [[freedom fighter]] [[William Wallace]], one of Scotland's [[national heroes]]); a cantata, ''The Massacre of the Macpherson''; and an overture, ''In Praise of Scottish Poesie'' (1894). He also wrote a ''Creation Symphony'' (1899), influenced by [[numerology]]. He was inspired by [[Maurice Maeterlinck]]'s play, ''[[Pelléas and Mélisande]]'', to write music by the same name.
His compositions include the symphonic poem, ''Sir William Wallace'' (1905; based on his namesake, the [[freedom fighter]] [[William Wallace]], one of Scotland's [[national heroes]]); a cantata, ''The Massacre of the Macpherson''; and an overture, ''In Praise of Scottish Poesie'' (1894). He also wrote a ''Creation Symphony'' (1899), influenced by [[numerology]]. He was inspired by [[Maurice Maeterlinck]]'s play, ''[[Pelléas and Mélisande]]'', to write music by the same name.
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He served as secretary of the [[Royal Philharmonic Society]] from 1911 to 1913, during which time the society received its royal appointment.<ref>Foreman, Lewis (ed.) (1987) ''From Parry to Britten: British Music in Letters 1900–1945'', Batsford</ref> Wallace later served as Dean of the Faculty of Music in the [[University of London]]. He would frequently use the [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]] letter [[shin (letter)|shin]] in his artwork, due to its resemblance to a W.
He served as secretary of the [[Royal Philharmonic Society]] from 1911 to 1913, during which time the society received its royal appointment.<ref>Foreman, Lewis (ed.) (1987) ''From Parry to Britten: British Music in Letters 1900–1945'', Batsford</ref> Wallace later served as Dean of the Faculty of Music in the [[University of London]]. He would frequently use the [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]] letter [[shin (letter)|shin]] in his artwork, due to its resemblance to a W.


During the [[World War I|First World War]], he served as inspector of ophthalmic units in Eastern Command, at the rank of [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]].<ref>[http://www.musicweb-international.com/wallace/index.htm Music Web International]</ref>
During the [[World War I|First World War]], he served as inspector of ophthalmic units in Eastern Command, at the rank of [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]].<ref>[http://www.musicweb-international.com/wallace/index.htm Music Web International]</ref>


In the late 20th century, there was a revival of interest in his work. The [[BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra]] recorded several of his orchestral pieces on the [[Hyperion Records|Hyperion]] record label.
In the late 20th century, there was a revival of interest in his work. The [[BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra]] recorded several of his orchestral pieces on the [[Hyperion Records|Hyperion]] record label.<ref>[https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/c.asp?c=C630 William Wallace, Hyperion Records]</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==


Wallace's wife was the sculptor [[Ottilie Maclaren Wallace]]. They met in the 1890s and became secretly engaged in 1896, but were unable to marry until 11 April 1905.<ref>Purser, John. "[https://www.thenational.scot/news/14873013.the-tragic-silence-of-composer-william-wallace/ The tragic silence of composer William Wallace]" in ''The National'', 4 November 2016</ref> Their letters to each other are held at the National Library in Edinburgh.<ref>National Library of Scotland. ''[http://manuscripts.nls.uk/repositories/2/resources/18976 Correspondence between William Wallace and his wife Ottilie McLaren; and some general and family letters received by Wallace.]''</ref>
Wallace's wife was the sculptor [[Ottilie Maclaren Wallace]].


==Compositions (selective list)==
==Compositions (selective list)==
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* 1899 – ''Sister Helen'', symphonic poem [No.3] (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 25 February 1899)
* 1899 – ''Sister Helen'', symphonic poem [No.3] (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 25 February 1899)
* 1900–01 – ''Greeting to the New Century'', symphonic poem [No.4] (fp. Queen's Hall, London, 27 March 1901)
* 1900–01 – ''Greeting to the New Century'', symphonic poem [No.4] (fp. Queen's Hall, London, 27 March 1901)
* 1905 – ''William Wallace AD 1305–1905'', symphonic poem [No.5] (fp. Queen’s Hall, London, 19 September 1905)
* 1905 – ''William Wallace AD 1305–1905'', symphonic poem [No.5] (fp. Queen's Hall, London, 19 September 1905)
* 1909 – ''Villon'', symphonic poem [No.6] (fp. Queen’s Hall, London, 10 March 1909)
* 1909 – ''Villon'', symphonic poem [No.6] (fp. Queen's Hall, London, 10 March 1909)
* ''Annie Laurie''
* ''Annie Laurie''


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* 1886–88 – ''A Festival Mass'', for chorus and orchestra
* 1886–88 – ''A Festival Mass'', for chorus and orchestra
* 1890 – ''Lord of Darkness'', scena for baritone and orchestra (fp. Royal Academy of Music, London, 1890)
* 1890 – ''Lord of Darkness'', scena for baritone and orchestra (fp. Royal Academy of Music, London, 1890)
* 1896 – ''The Rhapsody of Mary Magdalen'', for soprano and orchestra (fp. Queen’s Hall, London, 15 December 1896)
* 1896 – ''The Rhapsody of Mary Magdalen'', for soprano and orchestra (fp. Queen's Hall, London, 15 December 1896)
* 1899 – ''Freebooter Songs'', for baritone and orchestra (fp. The Tower, New Brighton, 30 July 1899)
* 1899 – ''Freebooter Songs'', for baritone and orchestra (fp. The Tower, New Brighton, 30 July 1899)
* 1900 – ''Jacobite Songs'', for voice and orchestra
* 1900 – ''Jacobite Songs'', for voice and orchestra
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* 1896 – ''Romeo and Juliet''
* 1896 – ''Romeo and Juliet''
* 1897 – ''Pelléas et Mélisande'' (suite fp. at The Tower, New Brighton, 19 August 1900)
* 1897 – ''Pelléas et Mélisande'' (suite fp. at The Tower, New Brighton, 19 August 1900)

==Recordings==
* [https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_CDH55465 ''Creation Symphony'' in C# minor,''Pelléas and Mélisande'' Suite, ''Prelude to The Eumenides''. Hyperion (Helios) CDH55465]
* [https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_CDH55461 Symphonic Poems, No 1 (''Passing of Beatrice)'', 3 (''Sister Helen''), 5 (''Sir William Wallace'') and 6 (''Villon''). Hyperion (Helios) CDH55461 (1996)]


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{NRA | id=P29593}}
* {{UK National Archives ID}}
* {{Internet Archive author |search=( ("William Wallace" OR "Wallace, William") AND creator:1940 )}}
* {{Internet Archive author |search=( ("William Wallace" OR "Wallace, William") AND creator:1940 )}}
* Allis, Michael; Watt, Paul (eds.). ''[https://boydellandbrewer.com/the-symphonic-poem-in-britain-1850-1950-hb.html The Symphonic Poem in Britain], 1850-1950'', Boydell & Brewer (July 2020)
* [https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/c.asp?c=C630 Biography, Hyperion Records]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century British classical composers]]
[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century British composers]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music]]
[[Category:19th-century British male musicians]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish classical composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish male musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish musicians]]
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[[Category:Scottish male classical composers]]
[[Category:British ophthalmologists]]
[[Category:British ophthalmologists]]
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[[Category:People from Greenock]]
[[Category:Scottish classical composers]]
[[Category:Scottish classical composers]]
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[[Category:British male classical composers]]
[[Category:Scottish opera composers]]
[[Category:Scottish opera composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish musicians]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow]]
[[Category:British male opera composers]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Greenock]]

Latest revision as of 23:22, 9 November 2024

For other people named William Wallace, see William Wallace (disambiguation).

William Wallace (3 July 1860 – 16 December 1940) was notable as a Scottish classical composer and writer. He served as Dean of the Faculty of Music in the University of London.

Early life and education

[edit]

Born at Greenock, Wallace studied ophthalmology at the University of Glasgow, and in Vienna and Paris. He became a qualified ophthalmic surgeon, but was also a poet, dramatist, writer on music and a painter.[1]

In 1889 he entered the Royal Academy in London to study music with Alexander Mackenzie and Frederick Corder, but after two terms his father withdrew funding. This was the only formal training he had.[2]

Career

[edit]

Wallace was greatly influenced by Franz Liszt, and was an early (though not the first) composer of symphonic poems in Britain. He was one of the composers featured in Granville Bantock's concert of new music by himself and his friends, put on at Queen's Hall on 15 December 1896, for which Wallace wrote a "manifesto".[3] (Other composers included in this group were Erskine Allon, Arthur Hinton, Stanley Hawley and Reginald Steggall).

His compositions include the symphonic poem, Sir William Wallace (1905; based on his namesake, the freedom fighter William Wallace, one of Scotland's national heroes); a cantata, The Massacre of the Macpherson; and an overture, In Praise of Scottish Poesie (1894). He also wrote a Creation Symphony (1899), influenced by numerology. He was inspired by Maurice Maeterlinck's play, Pelléas and Mélisande, to write music by the same name.

Wallace wrote several books on music, including the following:

  • The Threshold of Music: An Inquiry into the Development of the Musical Sense (1908);
  • The Musical Faculty (1914);
  • Richard Wagner as he lived (1925)
  • Liszt, Wagner and the Princess (1927)

He served as secretary of the Royal Philharmonic Society from 1911 to 1913, during which time the society received its royal appointment.[4] Wallace later served as Dean of the Faculty of Music in the University of London. He would frequently use the Hebrew letter shin in his artwork, due to its resemblance to a W.

During the First World War, he served as inspector of ophthalmic units in Eastern Command, at the rank of captain.[5]

In the late 20th century, there was a revival of interest in his work. The BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra recorded several of his orchestral pieces on the Hyperion record label.[6]

Personal life

[edit]

Wallace's wife was the sculptor Ottilie Maclaren Wallace. They met in the 1890s and became secretly engaged in 1896, but were unable to marry until 11 April 1905.[7] Their letters to each other are held at the National Library in Edinburgh.[8]

Compositions (selective list)

[edit]

Orchestral

[edit]
  • 1891 – An American Rhapsody
  • 1891 – A Scots Fantasy
  • 1891–92 – Suite in A, The Lady of the Sea (fp. Stock Exchange Orchestral Society, London, 18 February 1892)
  • 1892 – The Passing of Beatrice, symphonic poem [No.1] (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 26 November 1892)
  • 1893 – Prelude to The Eumenides (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 21 October 1893)
  • 1894 – In Praise of Scottish Poesie, concert overture (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 17 November 1894)
  • 1896 – Amboss oder Hammer, symphonic poem [No.2] (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 17 October 1896) (lost)
  • 1898 – Asperges, symphonic poem (unfinished)
  • 1898 – The Covenanters, symphonic poem (unfinished)
  • 1898 – The Forty-Five, symphonic poem (unfinished)
  • 1896–99 – The Creation, symphony (fp. The Tower, New Brighton, 30 July 1899)
  • 1899 – Sister Helen, symphonic poem [No.3] (fp. Crystal Palace, London, 25 February 1899)
  • 1900–01 – Greeting to the New Century, symphonic poem [No.4] (fp. Queen's Hall, London, 27 March 1901)
  • 1905 – William Wallace AD 1305–1905, symphonic poem [No.5] (fp. Queen's Hall, London, 19 September 1905)
  • 1909 – Villon, symphonic poem [No.6] (fp. Queen's Hall, London, 10 March 1909)
  • Annie Laurie

Choral and vocal

[edit]
  • 1886–88 – A Festival Mass, for chorus and orchestra
  • 1890 – Lord of Darkness, scena for baritone and orchestra (fp. Royal Academy of Music, London, 1890)
  • 1896 – The Rhapsody of Mary Magdalen, for soprano and orchestra (fp. Queen's Hall, London, 15 December 1896)
  • 1899 – Freebooter Songs, for baritone and orchestra (fp. The Tower, New Brighton, 30 July 1899)
  • 1900 – Jacobite Songs, for voice and orchestra
  • 1908 – The Outlaw, ballad for baritone, (optional) male chorus and orchestra
  • 1910 – The Massacre of the Macpherson, burlesque ballad for male chorus and orchestra (fp. Leeds Musical Union, 1910)
  • Keholeth, symphony for chorus and orchestra (unfinished)

Operatic

[edit]
  • 1896 – Brassolis, lyrical tragedy in one act

Incidental music

[edit]
  • 1896 – Romeo and Juliet
  • 1897 – Pelléas et Mélisande (suite fp. at The Tower, New Brighton, 19 August 1900)

Recordings

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Biography, Hyperion Records
  2. ^ Barker, Donald J. "William Wallace", in Grove Music Online, 2001.
  3. ^ Wallace, William. 'Young England's 'Manifesto', reprinted in The Bantock Society Journal, Vol. 3 No. 1, Summer 1998
  4. ^ Foreman, Lewis (ed.) (1987) From Parry to Britten: British Music in Letters 1900–1945, Batsford
  5. ^ Music Web International
  6. ^ William Wallace, Hyperion Records
  7. ^ Purser, John. "The tragic silence of composer William Wallace" in The National, 4 November 2016
  8. ^ National Library of Scotland. Correspondence between William Wallace and his wife Ottilie McLaren; and some general and family letters received by Wallace.
[edit]
  • "Archival material relating to William Wallace". UK National Archives. Edit this at Wikidata
  • Works by or about William Wallace at the Internet Archive
  • Allis, Michael; Watt, Paul (eds.). The Symphonic Poem in Britain, 1850-1950, Boydell & Brewer (July 2020)
  • Biography, Hyperion Records
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