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'''Hippolyte Auger''', born 25 May 1797 in [[Auxerre]] and died 5 January 1881 in [[Menton (Alpes-Maritimes)|Menton]], was a French writer, Russian translator, and editor of the ''Journal de Saint-Pétersbourg''.
{{Short description|French writer, Russian translator and editor}}
'''Hippolyte Auger''', born Hippolyte Augé, 25 May 1796 in [[Auxerre]] and died 5 January 1881 in [[Menton (Alpes-Maritimes)|Menton]], was a French writer, Russian translator, and editor of the ''Journal de Saint Pétersbourg''.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
In 1810, at the age of fourteen, Hippolyte Auger left his [[Bourgogne]] home, with the consent of his parents, to work to Paris. He found employment in a fabric shop, ''Mamluk'', near the Palais-Royal. His teenage charm was employed mostly on men, including Russian soldiers who were present in Paris following the abdication of Napolean in 1814. Auger followed them back to Russia, and was recruited into the army of Tsar Alexander I at the age of eighteen. He served eighteen months.
Hippolyte Auger was born in 1810. Being one of eleven children,<ref name="Tolley">Tolley, Bruce ''A Saint-Simonian writer: Hippolyte Auger (1797-1881)'', Australian Journal of French Studies, Vol 11, Issue 3</ref> he left his [[Bourgogne]] home at the age of fourteen, with the consent of his parents, to work in Paris. He found employment in a fabric shop owned by the famous textile magnate Ternaux. His teenage charm was employed mostly on men, including Russian soldiers who were present in Paris following the abdication of [[Napoleon]] in 1814. Having struck up friendships with four, who like him were devotees of the theatre,<ref name="Tolley" /> at the age of eighteen, Auger joined the army of Alexander I, and followed it back to Russia, virtually officer by officer.<ref name="HuffPost">{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kevin-childs/russias-other-heroes_b_1756392.html|title=Russia's Other Heroes: The Gay Voices of 1812|last=lecturer|first=Kevin Childs Freelance|last2=Culture|first2=Writer on|date=2012-08-09|website=The Huffington Post|access-date=2016-08-17|last3=art|last4=history}}</ref> He served for eighteen months.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}


In [[St Petersburg]], Auger befriended the aristocrat [[Filipp Vigel]], a famous Russian memoirist and friend of Pushkin. Vigel supported Auger for most of his life and enabled him to get to know the imperial family and senior Russian nobility.
In [[St Petersburg]], Auger befriended the aristocrat [[Filipp Vigel]], a famous Russian memoirist and friend of Pushkin. Vigel supported Auger for most of his life and enabled him to get to know the imperial family and senior Russian nobility. With the return of Napoleon, Auger's position as a Frenchman in society became awkward, and following Vigel's advice he left St Petersburg.


In [[Vilna]]<ref>Barratt,G. R. ''The Catholicism of Mikhail Sergeyevich Lunin'', The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 49, No. 115 (Apr., 1971), pp. 255-271</ref> he also met an aristocratic Chevalier Guard's officer Mikhail Lunin (1787-1845), later famous as a political philosopher, revolutionary, and Decembrist. For Auger it was love at first sight.<ref>''Mémoires d'Auger (1810-1859'', Paul Cottin, Aux Bureaux de la Revue Rétrospective, 1891, p76</ref> Lunin wanted to distance himself from his father, and together they decided to head to South America to join Bolivar's Liberadores. They only got as far as Paris, where they shared a tiny garret, Lunin penning a novel about "False" Dmitri, a 17th-century gay pretender to the Russian throne, while Auger introduced him to Jesuits, Saint-Simonians, and theatre acquaintances.
In [[Vilna]]<ref>Barratt, G. R. ''The Catholicism of Mikhail Sergeyevich Lunin'', The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 49, No. 115 (Apr., 1971), pp. 255-271</ref> he met a dashing, aristocratic but reckless 26 year old [[Chevalier Guard Regiment|Chevalier Guard]] officer [[Michael Lunin]] (1787-1845), later famous as a political philosopher, revolutionary, and [[Decembrist revolt|Decembrist]]. For Auger it was love at first sight.<ref name="HuffPost" /> As he later wrote in his memoirs: "the soft look, playful mouth, quick animation, imperturable manner offered, depending on the case, whatever you were looking for."<ref>''Mémoires d'Auger (1810-1859'', Paul Cottin, Aux Bureaux de la Revue Rétrospective, 1891, p76</ref> Lunin wanted to distance himself from his father, and in 1816 they decided to head to South America to join [[Simón Bolívar|Bolivar]]'s [[Libertadores|Liberadores]]. They only got as far as Paris, where they shared a tiny garret, Lunin penning a novel about [[False Dmitriy I|"False" Dmitri]], a 17th-century pretender to the Russian throne who may have been gay, while Auger introduced him to [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]], [[Saint-Simonianism|Saint-Simonians]], and theatre acquaintances.


After more than a year in France, Michael Lunin, returned to Russia to inherit the fortune of his father and a political role. Obliged to earn a living, Auger remained in Paris. He wrote plays, then entered the service of a wealthy Scottish diplomat, William Drummond (1770-1828), who was stationed in Italy. {William Drummond of Logiealmond}
After more than a year in France, Lunin, returned to Russia to inherit the fortune of his father and a political role. Obliged to earn a living, and having taken his first steps as an author in Russia, Auger remained in Paris. Alongside writing articles for the Paris journals, he tried his hand as a playwright, and achieved several successes.


In 1820 he met a wealthy Scottish diplomat, [[William Drummond of Logiealmond|William Drummond]] of Logiealmond, a former ambassador to the courts of Constantinople and Naples. He became his secretary, assisting him with literary and archeological work in both England and Italy.<ref name="Tolley" />
Back in France, Hippolyte Auger befriended the Saint-Simonians Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888) and Philippe Joseph Benjamin Buchez (1796-1865) and took an active part in their conferences. Auger also achieved several successes as a playwrite. He chose to return to Russia for a writing project supported by the Tsar, on the famous work of Marquis de Custine , Russia in 1839. This was eventually abandoned, but Auger remained some time in St. Petersburg.

Back in France, in 1827 Auger befriended the Saint-Simonians [[Hippolyte Carnot]] and [[Philippe Buchez]] and took an active part in their conferences. He was also a friend and collaborator with, Ancelot, Balzac, Constant, Dumus, and other writers of the period.<ref name="Tolley"/> From 1837 he wrote a number of novels, and in 1839 the three volume ''Physiologie du théâtre'' into which he poured his deep knowledge of the contemporary stage.<ref name="Tolley" /> In the 1840s Auger chose to return to Russia for a writing project supported by the Tsar, a refutation of the famous work of [[Marquis de Custine]], ''Russia in 1839''. After the scandal of Custine's book had subsided, the Tsar decided it was best not to remind the public of it, and the project was abandoned,<ref name="Tolley" /> but Auger remained some time in St. Petersburg.

In 1844 he published a novel ''Fernande'' under the name of Alexandre Dumas, which went through seven editions.<ref name="Tolley" />
Auger passed the last years of his life in Paris, and on the French Riviera. In [[Toulon]], he befriended the Justice of the Peace and bibliophile Alexandre Mouttet (1814-1901), who encouraged him to publish his memoirs.
Auger lived the last few years of his life in Paris, and on the French Riviera. In [[Toulon]], he befriended the Justice of the Peace and bibliophile Alexandre Mouttet (1814-1901), who encouraged him to publish his memoirs.


Published posthumously in 1891 as ''Mémoires d'Auger (1810-1859'', they were of remarkable frankness; his exploits confirming the presence of his name on the register of homosexuals then maintained by the Paris police.<ref>Registre des pédérastes de la Préfecture de police de Paris. BB4, f° 39.</ref>
Published posthumously in 1891 as ''Mémoires d'Auger (1810-1859'', they were of remarkable frankness; his exploits confirming the presence of his name on the register of homosexuals then maintained by the Paris police.<ref>Registre des pédérastes de la Préfecture de police de Paris. BB4, f° 39.</ref>


While Auger was a writer of some celebrity during his lifetime, he has fallen into almost complete obscurity.<ref name="Tolley" />

== Character ==

As his memoirs confirm, Auger had a talent for making friends everywhere, but he could also be tactless, and the majority of his friendships appear to have ended in quarrels and rupture. His life was one of constant movement as he seemed unable to settle anywhere, or form stable relationships. It has been suggested that his was just the type of personality to be attracted to Messianic all-embracing doctrines like Saint-Simonianism.<ref name="Tolley" /> No other follower wrote as much as he did or so enthusiastically applied its ideology to artistic questions.<ref name="Tolley" />


== Works ==
== Works ==
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*''Morals'' (''Moralités''), (1834)
*''Morals'' (''Moralités''), (1834)
*''Women of the world and the woman artist'' (''la Femme du monde et la femme artiste''),(1837)
*''Women of the world and the woman artist'' (''la Femme du monde et la femme artiste''),(1837)
*''All for Gold''(''Tout pour de l'or''), (1839)
*''All for Gold'' (''Tout pour de l'or''), (1839)
*''Advotia, a Russian novel'' (''Advotia, roman russe''), (1846)
*''Avdotia, a Russian novel'' (''Avdotia, roman russe''), (1846)
*''An Untitled Novel'' (''Un Roman sans titre''), (1846)
*''An Untitled Novel'' (''Un Roman sans titre''), (1846)
*''Marcel, or within a household'' (''Marcel, ou l'intérieur d'un ménage''), a play first performed in 1838 at the Gaiety Theatre
*''Marcel, or within a household'' (''Marcel, ou l'intérieur d'un ménage''), a play first performed in 1838 at the Gaiety Theatre
*''Mademoiselle Bernard, or Paternal Authority'' (''Mademoiselle Bernard, ou l'autorité paternelle''), a vaudeville comedy (1838)
*''Mademoiselle Bernard, or Paternal Authority'' (''Mademoiselle Bernard, ou l'autorité paternelle''), a vaudeville comedy (1838)
*''The Crazy Girl'' (''La Folle''), a three act drama first performed in 1836 at the theatre of Ambigu-Comique
*''The Crazy Girl'' (''La Folle''), a three act drama first performed in 1836 at the theatre of Ambigu-Comique
*''Poor Mother'', (''Pauvre Mère'') a drama in five acts, first performed in 1837 athe Gaiety Theatre
*''Poor Mother'', (''Pauvre Mère'') a drama in five acts, first performed in 1837 at the Gaiety Theatre
*''Historical Essay on the Republic of San-Marino'' (''Essai historique sur la république de San-Marino ''), (1827)
*''Historical Essay on the Republic of San-Marino'' (''Essai historique sur la république de San-Marino ''), (1827)
*''Theatre of Physiology'' (''Physiologie du théâtre'') (1840)
*''Theatre of Physiology'' (''Physiologie du théâtre'') (1840)
Line 41: Line 51:


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
* Tolley, Bruce ''A Saint-Simonian writer: Hippolyte Auger (1797-1881)'', Australian Journal of French Studies, Vol 11, Issue 3.
* Jean-claude Féray – « Hippolyte Auger » in ''Le Registre infamant'', Quintes-feuilles, 2012, {{p.|168-178}}
* Jean-claude Féray – « Hippolyte Auger » in ''Le Registre infamant'', Quintes-feuilles, 2012, {{p.|168-178}}


== Related articles ==
== See also ==
*[[Michael Lunin]]
*[[Michael Lunin]]
*[[Filipp Vigel]]
*[[Filipp Vigel]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Auger, Hippolyte}}
[[Category:1796 births]]
[[Category:1881 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Auxerre]]
[[Category:19th-century French writers]]
[[Category:19th-century French LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:French gay writers]]
[[Category:Saint-Simonists]]

Latest revision as of 02:06, 24 September 2024

Hippolyte Auger, born Hippolyte Augé, 25 May 1796 in Auxerre and died 5 January 1881 in Menton, was a French writer, Russian translator, and editor of the Journal de Saint Pétersbourg.

Biography

[edit]

Hippolyte Auger was born in 1810. Being one of eleven children,[1] he left his Bourgogne home at the age of fourteen, with the consent of his parents, to work in Paris. He found employment in a fabric shop owned by the famous textile magnate Ternaux. His teenage charm was employed mostly on men, including Russian soldiers who were present in Paris following the abdication of Napoleon in 1814. Having struck up friendships with four, who like him were devotees of the theatre,[1] at the age of eighteen, Auger joined the army of Alexander I, and followed it back to Russia, virtually officer by officer.[2] He served for eighteen months.[citation needed]

In St Petersburg, Auger befriended the aristocrat Filipp Vigel, a famous Russian memoirist and friend of Pushkin. Vigel supported Auger for most of his life and enabled him to get to know the imperial family and senior Russian nobility. With the return of Napoleon, Auger's position as a Frenchman in society became awkward, and following Vigel's advice he left St Petersburg.

In Vilna[3] he met a dashing, aristocratic but reckless 26 year old Chevalier Guard officer Michael Lunin (1787-1845), later famous as a political philosopher, revolutionary, and Decembrist. For Auger it was love at first sight.[2] As he later wrote in his memoirs: "the soft look, playful mouth, quick animation, imperturable manner offered, depending on the case, whatever you were looking for."[4] Lunin wanted to distance himself from his father, and in 1816 they decided to head to South America to join Bolivar's Liberadores. They only got as far as Paris, where they shared a tiny garret, Lunin penning a novel about "False" Dmitri, a 17th-century pretender to the Russian throne who may have been gay, while Auger introduced him to Jesuits, Saint-Simonians, and theatre acquaintances.

After more than a year in France, Lunin, returned to Russia to inherit the fortune of his father and a political role. Obliged to earn a living, and having taken his first steps as an author in Russia, Auger remained in Paris. Alongside writing articles for the Paris journals, he tried his hand as a playwright, and achieved several successes.

In 1820 he met a wealthy Scottish diplomat, William Drummond of Logiealmond, a former ambassador to the courts of Constantinople and Naples. He became his secretary, assisting him with literary and archeological work in both England and Italy.[1]

Back in France, in 1827 Auger befriended the Saint-Simonians Hippolyte Carnot and Philippe Buchez and took an active part in their conferences. He was also a friend and collaborator with, Ancelot, Balzac, Constant, Dumus, and other writers of the period.[1] From 1837 he wrote a number of novels, and in 1839 the three volume Physiologie du théâtre into which he poured his deep knowledge of the contemporary stage.[1] In the 1840s Auger chose to return to Russia for a writing project supported by the Tsar, a refutation of the famous work of Marquis de Custine, Russia in 1839. After the scandal of Custine's book had subsided, the Tsar decided it was best not to remind the public of it, and the project was abandoned,[1] but Auger remained some time in St. Petersburg.

In 1844 he published a novel Fernande under the name of Alexandre Dumas, which went through seven editions.[1]

Auger lived the last few years of his life in Paris, and on the French Riviera. In Toulon, he befriended the Justice of the Peace and bibliophile Alexandre Mouttet (1814-1901), who encouraged him to publish his memoirs.

Published posthumously in 1891 as Mémoires d'Auger (1810-1859, they were of remarkable frankness; his exploits confirming the presence of his name on the register of homosexuals then maintained by the Paris police.[5]

While Auger was a writer of some celebrity during his lifetime, he has fallen into almost complete obscurity.[1]

Character

[edit]

As his memoirs confirm, Auger had a talent for making friends everywhere, but he could also be tactless, and the majority of his friendships appear to have ended in quarrels and rupture. His life was one of constant movement as he seemed unable to settle anywhere, or form stable relationships. It has been suggested that his was just the type of personality to be attracted to Messianic all-embracing doctrines like Saint-Simonianism.[1] No other follower wrote as much as he did or so enthusiastically applied its ideology to artistic questions.[1]

Works

[edit]
  • Translation of Karamzine, Marpha, or conquered Novgorod (Marpha, ou Novgorod conquise ), (1818)
  • Boris (Boris), (1819)
  • Ivan VI or Forteres Schlusselbourg (Ivan VI ou la forteresse de Schlusselbourg ),(1819)
  • Rienzi (Rienzi), (1820)
  • Gabriel Vénance, story written by himself (Gabriel Vénance, histoire écrite par lui-même), (1818)
  • Machiavelli's The Prince (Le Prince de Machiavel, ou la Romagne de 1502), (1834)
  • Morals (Moralités), (1834)
  • Women of the world and the woman artist (la Femme du monde et la femme artiste),(1837)
  • All for Gold (Tout pour de l'or), (1839)
  • Avdotia, a Russian novel (Avdotia, roman russe), (1846)
  • An Untitled Novel (Un Roman sans titre), (1846)
  • Marcel, or within a household (Marcel, ou l'intérieur d'un ménage), a play first performed in 1838 at the Gaiety Theatre
  • Mademoiselle Bernard, or Paternal Authority (Mademoiselle Bernard, ou l'autorité paternelle), a vaudeville comedy (1838)
  • The Crazy Girl (La Folle), a three act drama first performed in 1836 at the theatre of Ambigu-Comique
  • Poor Mother, (Pauvre Mère) a drama in five acts, first performed in 1837 at the Gaiety Theatre
  • Historical Essay on the Republic of San-Marino (Essai historique sur la république de San-Marino ), (1827)
  • Theatre of Physiology (Physiologie du théâtre) (1840)
  • Theatre Beaumarchais (Théâtre de Beaumarchais) (1842)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tolley, Bruce A Saint-Simonian writer: Hippolyte Auger (1797-1881), Australian Journal of French Studies, Vol 11, Issue 3
  2. ^ a b lecturer, Kevin Childs Freelance; Culture, Writer on; art; history (2012-08-09). "Russia's Other Heroes: The Gay Voices of 1812". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
  3. ^ Barratt, G. R. The Catholicism of Mikhail Sergeyevich Lunin, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 49, No. 115 (Apr., 1971), pp. 255-271
  4. ^ Mémoires d'Auger (1810-1859, Paul Cottin, Aux Bureaux de la Revue Rétrospective, 1891, p76
  5. ^ Registre des pédérastes de la Préfecture de police de Paris. BB4, f° 39.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Tolley, Bruce A Saint-Simonian writer: Hippolyte Auger (1797-1881), Australian Journal of French Studies, Vol 11, Issue 3.
  • Jean-claude Féray – « Hippolyte Auger » in Le Registre infamant, Quintes-feuilles, 2012, p. 168-178

See also

[edit]