Swiss Civil Code: Difference between revisions

Swiss Civil Code
Swiss Civil Code
	The first edition of the Swiss Civil Code, around 1907
Ratified	10 December 1907
Date effective	1 January 1912 (current version as of 1 April 2016)
Location	SR 210
Author(s)	Eugen Huber, Virgile Rossel, Brenno Bertoni
Purpose	Regulates relationship between individuals

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The Swiss Civil Code (SR/RS 210, German: Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB); French: Code civil suisse (CC); Italian: Codice civile svizzero (CC); Romansh: Cudesch civil svizzer) is a portion of the second part (SR/RS 2) of the internal Swiss law ("Private law - Administration of civil justice - Enforcement") that regulates the codified law ruling in Switzerland and relationship between individuals. It was first adopted in 1907 (effective since 1 January 1912).^[1]^[2]^[3]

It was largely influenced by the German civil code, and partly influenced by the French civil code, but the majority of comparative law scholars (such as K. Zweigert and Rodolfo Sacco) argue that the Swiss code derives from a distinct paradigm of civil law.^[4]^[5]^[6]

History and influences

Adopted on 10 December 1907 (and is thus formally known as the Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907), and in force since 1912. It was created by Eugen Huber, it was subsequently translated in the two other national languages (at the time Romansh was not official) by Virgile Rossel and Brenno Bertoni for French and Italian, respectively.^{[citation needed]}

The Civil code of the Republic of Turkey is a slightly modified version of the Swiss code, adopted in 1926 during Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's presidency as part of the government's progressive reforms and secularization.^[7] The Swiss code also influenced the codes of several other states, such as Peru.^[8]

In 1911, the Swiss Code of Obligations (SR 22)^[9] was adopted and considered as the fifth part of the Swiss Civil Code. It thus became the first civil code to include commercial law.^[10]^[11]

Content

The Swiss Civil Code contains more than two thousands articles.^[11] Its first article states that:

¹ The law applies according to its wording or interpretation to all legal questions for which it contains a provision.
² In the absence of a provision, the court shall decide in accordance with customary law and, in the absence of customary law, in accordance with the rule that it would make as legislator.
³ In doing so, the court shall follow established doctrine and case law.

References

^ "SR 21 Zivilgesetzbuch" (official website) (in German, French, and Italian). Berne, Switzerland. 10 September 1916. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ "SR 210 Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907 (Status as of 1 January 2016)" (official website). Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Council. 10 September 1916. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ The Swiss Civil Code of December 10, 1907 (Effective January 1, 1912); Translated by Robert P. Shick, A.M., LL.B., Member of the Philadelphia Bar; Annotated by Charles Wetherill, A.B., LL.D., Member of the Philadelphia Bar; Corrected and Revised by Eugen Huber, Dr. Jur., Rer. Pub. et Phil., Law Professor, University of Berne; Alfred Siegwart, Dr.Jur., Professor of Swiss Law, University of Freiburg ; Gordon E. Sherman, Ph.B., LL.B., Member of the New York and New Jersey Bars. Boston, U.S.: The Boston Book Company. Retrieved 28 November 2016 – via Internet Archive.
^ Stoffel, Walter A. (1987). "National Reports, Switzerland". In Knapp, Viktor (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law. Vol. I. Tübingen and Dorderecht, Boston, Lancaster: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. S-186.
^ Zweigert, Konrad, Professor of Law, University of Hamburg; Director, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Private Law; Kötz, Hein, M.C.L. (Mich.); Professor of Law, University of Konstanz (1977). An Introduction to Comparative Law; Translated from the German by Tony Weir, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Vol. I: The Framework. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North Holland Publishing Company. pp. 166–177.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Rabel, Ernst (1950), "Private Laws of Western Civilization: Part III. The German and Swiss Civil Codes", Louisiana Law Review, vol. 10, pp. 271–275, retrieved 29 November 2016
^ Zweigert, Konrad, Professor of Law, University of Hamburg; Director, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Private Law; Kötz, Hein, M.C.L. (Mich.); Professor of Law, University of Konstanz (1977). An Introduction to Comparative Law; Translated from the German by Tony Weir, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Vol. I: The Framework. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North Holland Publishing Company. pp. 176–177.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Swiss Civil Code". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
^ "SR 22 Obligationenrecht" (official website) (in German, French, and Italian). Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Council. 10 September 1916. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ "SR 220 Federal Act on the Amendment of the Swiss Civil Code (Part Five: The Code of Obligations)" (official website). Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Council. 10 September 1916. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
^ ^a ^b Frédéric Koller (13 September 2016). "Quand la Suisse inspire la modernisation du droit chinois". Le temps (in French). Lausanne, Switzerland. Retrieved 14 September 2016.

External links

(in French) Bernhard Schnyder, "Code civil (CC)" in Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse, 02/08/2005.;
English semi-official translation:
- Parts 1–4 (Swiss Civil Code: persons, family, succession, property)
- Part 5 (Code of Obligations)

This Switzerland-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] "SR 21 Zivilgesetzbuch" (official website) (in German, French, and Italian). Berne, Switzerland. 10 September 1916. Retrieved 14 September 2016.

[2] "SR 210 Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907 (Status as of 1 January 2016)" (official website). Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Council. 10 September 1916. Retrieved 14 September 2016.

[3] The Swiss Civil Code of December 10, 1907 (Effective January 1, 1912); Translated by Robert P. Shick, A.M., LL.B., Member of the Philadelphia Bar; Annotated by Charles Wetherill, A.B., LL.D., Member of the Philadelphia Bar; Corrected and Revised by Eugen Huber, Dr. Jur., Rer. Pub. et Phil., Law Professor, University of Berne; Alfred Siegwart, Dr.Jur., Professor of Swiss Law, University of Freiburg ; Gordon E. Sherman, Ph.B., LL.B., Member of the New York and New Jersey Bars. Boston, U.S.: The Boston Book Company. Retrieved 28 November 2016 – via Internet Archive.

[4] Stoffel, Walter A. (1987). "National Reports, Switzerland". In Knapp, Viktor (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law. Vol. I. Tübingen and Dorderecht, Boston, Lancaster: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. S-186.

[5] Zweigert, Konrad, Professor of Law, University of Hamburg; Director, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Private Law; Kötz, Hein, M.C.L. (Mich.); Professor of Law, University of Konstanz (1977). An Introduction to Comparative Law; Translated from the German by Tony Weir, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Vol. I: The Framework. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North Holland Publishing Company. pp. 166–177.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[6] Rabel, Ernst (1950), "Private Laws of Western Civilization: Part III. The German and Swiss Civil Codes", Louisiana Law Review, vol. 10, pp. 271–275, retrieved 29 November 2016

[7] Zweigert, Konrad, Professor of Law, University of Hamburg; Director, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Private Law; Kötz, Hein, M.C.L. (Mich.); Professor of Law, University of Konstanz (1977). An Introduction to Comparative Law; Translated from the German by Tony Weir, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Vol. I: The Framework. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North Holland Publishing Company. pp. 176–177.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[8] "Swiss Civil Code". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 19 January 2009.

[9] "SR 22 Obligationenrecht" (official website) (in German, French, and Italian). Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Council. 10 September 1916. Retrieved 14 September 2016.

[10] "SR 220 Federal Act on the Amendment of the Swiss Civil Code (Part Five: The Code of Obligations)" (official website). Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Council. 10 September 1916. Retrieved 14 September 2016.

[Koller-11] Frédéric Koller (13 September 2016). "Quand la Suisse inspire la modernisation du droit chinois". Le temps (in French). Lausanne, Switzerland. Retrieved 14 September 2016.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Codified law ruling in Switzerland}}
 {{Use British English|date=September 2016}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
@@ Line 6: / Line 7: @@
 | image_size           =
 | image_alt            =
-| caption              = The first edition of the Swiss Civil Code, around 1907.
+| caption              = The first edition of the Swiss Civil Code, around 1907
-| orig_lang_code       = de, fr, it
+| orig_lang_code       =
-| title_orig           = {{lang-de|Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB)}}; {{lang-fr|Code civil suisse (CC)}}; {{lang-it|Codice civile svizzero (CC)}}; {{lang-rm|Cudesch civil svizzer}}
+| title_orig           = {{langx|de|Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB)}}; {{langx|fr|Code civil suisse (CC)}}; {{langx|it|Codice civile svizzero (CC)}}; {{langx|rm|Cudesch civil svizzer}}
 | date_created         =
 | date_presented       =
 | date_ratified        = 10 December 1907
-| date_effective       = 1 January 1912 (current version as of 1 January 2016)
+| date_effective       = 1 January 1912 (current version as of 1 April 2016)
 | date_repeal          =
 | location_of_document = {{URL|
@@ Line 24: / Line 25: @@
 }}
-The '''Swiss [[Civil Code]]''' ('''SR 21''', {{lang-de|Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB)}}; {{lang-fr|Code civil suisse (CC)}}; {{lang-it|Codice civile svizzero (CC)}}; {{lang-rm|Cudesch civil svizzer}}) is the [[Codification (law)|codified law]] ruling in [[Switzerland]] and regulating relationship between individuals. It was first adopted in 1907 (effective since 1 January 1912).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/21.html#21 |title=SR 21 Zivilgesetzbuch |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |language=de, fr, it |location=Berne, Switzerland |accessdate=2016-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19070042/index.html |title=SR 210 Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907 (Status as of 1 January 2016) |publisher=Swiss Federal Council |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |location=Berne, Switzerland |accessdate=2016-09-14}}</ref>
+The '''Swiss [[Civil Code]]''' ('''SR/RS 210''', {{langx|de|Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB)}}; {{langx|fr|Code civil suisse (CC)}}; {{langx|it|Codice civile svizzero (CC)}}; {{langx|rm|Cudesch civil svizzer}}) is a portion of the second part (SR/RS 2) of the [[Swiss law|internal Swiss law]] ("Private law - Administration of civil justice - Enforcement") that regulates the [[Codification (law)|codified law]] ruling in [[Switzerland]] and relationship between individuals. It was first adopted in 1907 (effective since 1 January 1912).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/21.html#21 |title=SR 21 Zivilgesetzbuch |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |language=de, fr, it |location=Berne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19070042/index.html |title=SR 210 Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907 (Status as of 1 January 2016) |publisher=Swiss Federal Council |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |location=Berne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book  |title= The Swiss Civil Code of December 10, 1907 (Effective January 1, 1912); Translated by Robert P. Shick, A.M., LL.B., Member of the Philadelphia Bar; Annotated by Charles Wetherill, A.B., LL.D., Member of the Philadelphia Bar; Corrected and Revised by Eugen Huber, Dr. Jur., Rer. Pub. et Phil., Law Professor, University of Berne; Alfred Siegwart, Dr.Jur., Professor of Swiss Law, University of Freiburg ; Gordon E. Sherman, Ph.B., LL.B., Member of the New York and New Jersey Bars  |publisher=The Boston Book Company  |place=  Boston, U.S. |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924071237147#page/n7/mode/2up|access-date= 28 November 2016|via= Internet Archive}}</ref>
-It was largely influenced by the [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|German civil code]], and partly influenced by the [[Napoleonic code|French civil code]], but the majority of [[comparative law]] scholars (such as K. Zweigert and [[Rodolfo Sacco]]) argue that the Swiss code derives from a distinct paradigm of civil law.{{cn|date=September 2016}}
+It was largely influenced by the [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|German civil code]], and partly influenced by the [[Napoleonic code|French civil code]], but the majority of [[comparative law]] scholars (such as K. Zweigert and [[Rodolfo Sacco]]) argue that the Swiss code derives from a distinct paradigm of civil law.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Knapp |editor-first= Viktor |year=1987 |last=Stoffel |first=Walter A.|contribution= National Reports, Switzerland |title= International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law |publisher= J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |place= Tübingen and Dorderecht, Boston, Lancaster |volume= I |page=S-186   }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book   |year=1977 |last1=Zweigert |first1= Konrad, Professor of Law, University of Hamburg; Director, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Private Law  |last2=Kötz |first2=Hein, M.C.L. (Mich.); Professor of Law, University of Konstanz |title= An Introduction to Comparative Law; Translated from the German by Tony Weir, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge |publisher= North Holland Publishing Company |place= Amsterdam, New York, Oxford |volume= I: The Framework |pages=166–177   }}</ref><ref>{{Citation    |year= 1950 |last=Rabel |first=Ernst   |contribution= Private Laws of Western Civilization: Part III. The German and Swiss Civil Codes  |title=Louisiana Law Review |volume=10  |issue=3 |pages=271–275   |url=http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol10/iss3/2/ |access-date= 29 November 2016}}</ref>
 == History and influences ==
-Adopted on 10 December 1907 (and is thus formally known as the ''Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907''), and in force since 1912. It was created by [[Eugen Huber]], it was subsequently translated in the two other national languages (at the time [[Romansh language|Romansh]] was not official) by [[Virgile Rossel]] and [[Brenno Bertoni]] for French and Italian, respectively.
+Adopted on 10 December 1907 (and is thus formally known as the ''Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907''), and in force since 1912. It was created by [[Eugen Huber]], it was subsequently translated in the two other national languages (at the time [[Romansh language|Romansh]] was not official) by [[Virgile Rossel]] and [[Brenno Bertoni]] for French and Italian, respectively.{{fact|date=November 2022}}
-The civil code of the [[Republic of Turkey]] is a slightly modified version of the Swiss code, adopted in 1926 during [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]'s presidency as part of the government's [[Atatürk's Reforms|progressive reforms]] and secularization. It also influenced the codes of several other states, such as [[Peru]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Swiss Civil Code |publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' |date=
+The [[Turkish civil code (1926)|Civil code of the Republic of Turkey]] is a slightly modified version of the Swiss code, adopted in 1926 during [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]'s presidency as part of the government's [[Atatürk's Reforms|progressive reforms]] and secularization.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1977 |last1=Zweigert |first1= Konrad, Professor of Law, University of Hamburg; Director, Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Private Law  |last2=Kötz |first2=Hein, M.C.L. (Mich.); Professor of Law, University of Konstanz |title= An Introduction to Comparative Law; Translated from the German by Tony Weir, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge |publisher= North Holland Publishing Company |place= Amsterdam, New York, Oxford |volume= I: The Framework |pages=176–177   }}</ref> The Swiss code also influenced the codes of several other states, such as [[Peru]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Swiss Civil Code |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/577158/Swiss-Civil-Code |access-date=2009-01-19}}</ref>
- |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/577158/Swiss-Civil-Code |accessdate=2009-01-19}}</ref>
-In 1911, the [[Swiss Code of Obligations]] (SR 22)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/22.html#22 |title=Obligationenrecht |publisher=[[Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]] |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |language=de, fr, it |location=Berne, Switzerland |accessdate=2016-09-14}}</ref> was adopted and considered as fith part of the Swiss Civil Code. It thus became the first civil code to include commercial law.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19110009/index.html |title=Federal Act on the Amendment of the Swiss Civil Code (Part Five: The Code of Obligations) |publisher=[[Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]] |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |location=Berne, Switzerland |accessdate=2016-09-14}}</ref><ref name=Koller>{{cite news |author=Frédéric Koller |url=https://www.letemps.ch/monde/2016/09/13/suisse-inspire-modernisation-droit-chinois |title=Quand la Suisse inspire la modernisation du droit chinois |language=fr |newspaper=[[Le temps]] |date=13 September 2016 |location=Lausanne, Switzerland |accessdate=2016-09-14}}</ref>
+In 1911, the [[Swiss Code of Obligations]] (SR 22)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/22.html#22 |title=SR 22 Obligationenrecht |publisher=Swiss Federal Council |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |language=de, fr, it |location=Berne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref> was adopted and considered as the fifth part of the Swiss Civil Code. It thus became the first civil code to include commercial law.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19110009/index.html |title=SR 220 Federal Act on the Amendment of the Swiss Civil Code (Part Five: The Code of Obligations) |publisher=Swiss Federal Council |type=official website |date=10 September 1916 |location=Berne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref><ref name=Koller>{{cite news |author=Frédéric Koller |url=https://www.letemps.ch/monde/2016/09/13/suisse-inspire-modernisation-droit-chinois |title=Quand la Suisse inspire la modernisation du droit chinois |language=fr |newspaper=[[Le temps]] |date=13 September 2016 |location=Lausanne, Switzerland |access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref>
 == Content ==
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 *[[Swiss Code of Obligations]]
 *[[Swiss Criminal Code]]
+*[[Inheritance law in Switzerland]]
-== Notes and references ==
+== References ==
-{{Reflist|500px}}
+{{reflist}}
 == External links ==
+* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F30734.php Bernhard Schnyder, "Code civil (CC)" in ''Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse'', 02/08/2005.];
-*English semi-official translation:
+* English semi-official translation:
 **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/c210.html Parts 1–4] (Swiss Civil Code: persons, family, succession, property)
 **[http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/c220.html Part 5] (Code of Obligations)
@@ Line 56: / Line 58: @@
 {{Authority control}}
 {{Portal bar|Switzerland|Law}}
+{{Civil codes by country|Europe}}
-[[Category:Swiss law]]
+[[Category:Law of Switzerland]]
 [[Category:Civil codes]]
 {{switzerland-stub}}

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Germany United States Israel
Other	Historical Dictionary of Switzerland

v t e Civil codes of Europe
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Latest revision as of 20:15, 24 October 2024

History and influences

Content

See also

References

External links