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{{short description|1886 novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett}}
{{About|the novel|the film, TV and opera adaptations}}
{{About|the novel|the film, TV and opera adaptations}}
{{redirect|Fauntleroy}}
{{redirect|Fauntleroy}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox book|
{{Infobox book|
| name = Little Lord Fauntleroy
| name = Little Lord Fauntleroy
| image = Fauntleroycover.jpg
| image = Fauntleroy-FC-1886.jpg
| caption = First edition cover
| caption = First edition cover
| author = [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]]
| author = [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]]
| illustrator = [[Reginald B. Birch]]<ref name=LCC/>
| illustrator = [[Reginald B. Birch]]<ref name=LCC/>
| cover_artist =
| cover_artist =
| country = United States
| country = United Kingdom<br/>United States
| language = English
| language = English
| series =
| series =
| genre = [[Children's novel]]
| genre = [[Children's novel]]
| publisher = Scribner's
| publisher = Scribner's
| pub_date = 1886
| pub_date = November 1885 – October 1886 (magazine)<br/>[[1886 in literature|1886]] (novel)
| media_type =
| media_type =
| pages = xi + 209 + [17]<ref name=LCC/>
| pages = xi + 209 + [17]<ref name=LCC/>
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}}
}}


'''''Little Lord Fauntleroy''''' is a novel by the English-American writer [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]], her first children's novel. It was published as a serial in ''[[St. Nicholas Magazine]]'' from November 1885 to October 1886, then as a book by [[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner's]] (the publisher of ''St. Nicholas'') in 1886.<ref>Joanne Shattock, ed. ''The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 4 1800–1900''. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, 1475.</ref> The illustrations by [[Reginald B. Birch]] set fashion trends and the novel set a precedent in [[copyright law]] when Burnett won a lawsuit in 1888 against E. V. Seebohm over the rights to theatrical adaptations of the work.<ref name = "Rutherford">Rutherford</ref>
'''''Little Lord Fauntleroy''''' is a children's novel by [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]]. It was published as a serial in ''[[St. Nicholas Magazine]]'' from November 1885 to October 1886, then as a book by [[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner's]] (the publisher of ''St. Nicholas'') in 1886.<ref>Joanne Shattock, ed. ''The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 4 1800–1900''. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, 1475.</ref> The illustrations by [[Reginald B. Birch]] set fashion trends and the novel set a precedent in [[copyright law]] when Burnett won a lawsuit in 1888 against E. V. Seebohm over the rights to theatrical adaptations of the work.<ref name = "Rutherford">Rutherford</ref>

==Etymology==
The title surname ''Fauntleroy'' is an Anglo-French term ultimately derived from ''Le enfant le roy'' ("child of the king"), evoking the image of being pampered and spoiled. More proximally, it is from a Middle English variant ''faunt'' from ''enfaunt'', meaning child or infant. It is attested as a real surname since the 13th century.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=Douglas |title=Etymology of fauntleroy |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fauntleroy |website=etymonline.com}}</ref>


==Plot==
==Plot==
In a shabby New York side street in the mid-1880s, young Cedric Errol lives with his mother (known only as Mrs. Errol or "Dearest") in genteel poverty after the death of his father, Captain Cedric Errol. One day, they are visited by an English lawyer named Havisham with a message from Cedric's grandfather, the Earl of Dorincourt, an unruly millionaire who despises America and was very disappointed when his youngest son married an American woman. With the deaths of his father's elder brothers, Cedric has now inherited the title Lord Fauntleroy and is the heir to the earldom and a vast estate. Cedric's grandfather wants him to live in England and be educated as an English [[Aristocracy (class)|aristocrat]]. He offers his son's widow a house and guaranteed income, but he refuses to have anything to do with her, even after she declines his money.
In a shabby [[New York City]] side street in the mid-1880s, young Cedric Errol lives with his mother (known to him as "Dearest") in [[genteel poverty]] after the death of his father, Captain Cedric Errol. One day, they are visited by a British lawyer named Liam with a message from young Cedric's paternal grandfather, the Earl of Dorincourt, a millionaire who despises the [[United States]] and was very disappointed when his youngest son married an American woman. With the deaths of his father's elder brothers, Cedric has now inherited the [[Courtesy title|title]] Lord Fauntleroy and is the heir to the earldom and a vast estate. Cedric's grandfather wants him to live in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and be educated as a British [[Aristocracy (class)|aristocrat]]. He offers his son's widow a house and guaranteed income, but refuses to have anything else to do with her, even after she declines his money.


However, the Earl is impressed by the appearance and intelligence of his American grandson and is charmed by his innocent nature. Cedric believes his grandfather to be an honorable man and benefactor, and the Earl cannot disappoint him. He therefore becomes a benefactor to his tenants, to their delight, though takes care to let them know that their benefactor is the child, Lord Fauntleroy.
However, the Earl is impressed by the appearance and intelligence of his American grandson and is charmed by his innocent nature. Cedric believes his grandfather to be an honorable man and benefactor, and the Earl cannot disappoint him. The Earl therefore becomes a benefactor to his tenants, to their delight, though he takes care to let them know that their benefactor is the child, Lord Fauntleroy.


Meanwhile, a homeless [[bootblack]] named Dick Tipton tells Cedric's old friend Mr. Hobbs, a New York City grocer, that a few years prior, after the death of his parents, Dick's older brother Benjamin married an awful woman who got rid of their only child together after he was born and then left. Benjamin moved to California to open a cattle ranch while Dick ended up in the streets. At the same time, a neglected [[pretender]] to Cedric's inheritance appears, the pretender's mother claiming that he is the offspring of the Earl's eldest son. The claim is investigated by Dick and Benjamin, who come to England and recognize the alleged heir's mother as Benjamin's former wife. The alleged heir's mother flees, and the Tipton brothers and Benjamin's son do not see her again. Afterwards, Benjamin goes back to his cattle ranch in California where he happily raises his son by himself. The Earl is reconciled to his American daughter-in-law, realizing that she is far superior to the imposter.
Meanwhile, back in New York, a homeless [[shoeshiner|bootblack]] named Dick Tipton tells Cedric's old friend Mr. Hobbs, a New York City grocer, that a few years prior, after the death of his parents, Dick's older brother Benjamin married an awful woman who got rid of their only child together after he was born and then left. Benjamin moved to California to open a cattle ranch while Dick ended up in the streets. At the same time, a neglected [[pretender]] to Cedric's inheritance appears in the United Kingdom, the pretender's mother claiming that he is the offspring of the Earl's eldest son, Bevis. The claim is investigated by Dick and Benjamin, who come to the United Kingdom and recognize the woman as Benjamin's former wife. She flees, and the Tipton brothers and the pretender, Benjamin's son, do not see her again. Afterward, Benjamin goes back to his cattle ranch in California where he happily raises his son by himself. The Earl is reconciled to his American daughter-in-law, realizing that she is far superior to the impostor.


The Earl planned to teach his grandson how to be an aristocrat. Instead, Cedric teaches his grandfather that an aristocrat should practice compassion towards those dependent on him. He becomes the man Cedric always innocently believed him to be. Cedric is happily reunited with his mother and Mr. Hobbs, who decides to stay to help look after Cedric.
The Earl had planned to teach his grandson how to be an aristocrat. Instead, Cedric teaches his grandfather that [[Noblesse oblige|an aristocrat should practice compassion towards those dependent on him]]. The Earl becomes the man Cedric always innocently believed him to be. Cedric is happily reunited with his mother and with Mr. Hobbs, who decides to stay to help look after Cedric.


==Impact on fashion==
==Impact on fashion==
[[File:Birch Little Lord Fauntleroy p103.jpg|thumb|An illustration by [[Reginald Bathurst Birch|Birch]] from 1886]]
[[File:MaryPickford4.jpg|thumb|Lobby card from the 1921 film adaptation starring [[Mary Pickford]]]]
The Fauntleroy suit<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001706354/|title=Children wearing velvet suits inspired by Little Lord Fauntleroy style (c. 1909–1932) National Photo Company Collection; Library of Congress|website=[[Library of Congress]]|year=1909}}</ref> (see also [[Buster Brown suit]]), so well described by Burnett and realised in Reginald Birch's detailed pen-and-ink drawings, created a fad for formal dress for American middle-class children:


{{quote|What the Earl saw was a graceful, childish figure in a black velvet suit, with a lace collar, and with lovelocks waving about the handsome, manly little face, whose eyes met his with a look of innocent good-fellowship.|''Little Lord Fauntleroy''}}
The Fauntleroy suit, so well-described by Burnett and realised in Reginald Birch's detailed pen-and-ink drawings, created a fad for formal dress for American middle-class children:


The Fauntleroy suit appeared in Europe as well but nowhere was it as popular as in America. The classic Fauntleroy suit was a velvet [[tailcoat|cut-away jacket]] and matching knee pants, worn with a [[Poet shirt|fancy blouse]] and a large lace or ruffled collar. These suits appeared right after the publication of Burnett's story (1885) and were a major fashion for boys until after the turn of the 20th century. Many boys who did not wear an actual Fauntleroy suit wore suits with Fauntleroy elements, such as a fancy blouse or floppy bow. Only a minority of boys wore [[ringlet (haircut)|ringlet]] curls with these suits, but the photographic record confirms that many boys did.{{Explain|date=April 2019|reason=contradictory information}}
:"What the Earl saw was a graceful, childish figure in a black velvet suit, with a lace collar, and with lovelocks waving about the handsome, manly little face, whose eyes met his with a look of innocent good-fellowship." (''Little Lord Fauntleroy'')


The Fauntleroy suit appeared in Europe as well, but nowhere was it as popular as in America. The classic Fauntleroy suit was a velvet [[frock coat|cut-away jacket]] and matching knee pants worn with a [[Poet shirt|fancy blouse]] with a large lace or ruffled collar. These suits appear right after the publication of Mrs. Burnett's story (1885) and were a major fashion until after the turn of the 20th century. Many boys who did not wear an actual Fauntleroy suit wore suits with Fauntleroy elements such as a fancy blouse or floppy bow. Only a minority of boys wore [[ringlet (haircut)|ringlet]] curls with these suits, but the photographic record confirms that many boys did. It was most popular for boys about 3–8 years of age, but some older boys wore them as well. It has been speculated that the popularity of the style encouraged many mothers to [[breeching (boys)|breech their boys]] earlier than before and was a factor in the decline of the fashion of dressing small boys in [[dress]]es and other [[skirt]]ed garments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://histclo.com/style/suit/faunt/faunt.html |title=Historical boys Clothing site section on Fauntleroy suits |publisher=Histclo.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-15}}</ref> Clothing Burnett popularised was modelled on the costumes she tailored herself for her two sons, Vivian and Lionel.<ref name = "Rutherford"/>
It was most popular for boys about 3–8 years of age, but some older boys wore them as well. It has been speculated that the popularity of the style encouraged many mothers to [[breeching (boys)|breech their boys]] earlier than before, and it was a factor in the decline of the fashion for dressing small boys in [[dress]]es and other [[skirt]]ed garments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://histclo.com/style/suit/faunt/faunt.html |title=Historical boys Clothing site section on Fauntleroy suits |publisher=Histclo.com |access-date=2014-02-15}}</ref> Clothing that Burnett popularised was modelled on the costumes which she tailored herself for her two sons, Vivian and Lionel.<ref name = "Rutherford"/>

[[Image:MaryPickford4.jpg|thumb|A lobby card from the 1921 film adaptation starring [[Mary Pickford]].]]
<!-- The style was modelled upon the so-called "Von Dyke", a standardised fancy dress of the 18th century that was loosely based on children's costume in court circles of [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]. [[Thomas Gainsborough]]'s "fancy picture" ''[[The Blue Boy]]'' epitomises the "Van Dyke". Until the onset of [[Romanticism]] towards the end of the 18th century, small children had been dressed as miniature versions of their elders.

In the generation before World War I, when all boys under the age of ten were in short pants, under the influence of Birch's illustrations for ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' many middle-class American boys were dressed in velvet suits with lace collars and sashes and short knee-pants, and to have their hair curled into long ringlets like Cedric, a mode that was considered aristocratic. (Upper-class American boys were in school uniforms modelled on British ones; the upper-class "fancy dress" counterpart of the Fauntleroy suit was a sailor suit with short pants.)

After revivals of the fad connected with [[Mary Pickford]]'s film and the 1936 classic with Freddie Bartholomew, the onset of [[World War II]] consigned such outfits to attics. -->


== Reception ==
== Reception ==
Polly Hovarth writes that ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' "was the [[Harry Potter]] of his time and Frances Hodgson Burnett was as celebrated for creating him as [[J.K. Rowling]] is for Potter." During the serialisation in ''St. Nicholas'' magazine, readers looked forward to new instalments. The fashions in the book became popular with velvet Lord Fauntleroy suits being sold, as well as other Fauntleroy merchandise such as velvet collars, playing cards, and chocolates. During a period when sentimental fiction was the norm, and in the United States the "rags to riches" story popular, ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' was a hit.<ref>Hovarth,(2004)|, xi–xiv</ref>
Polly Hovarth writes that ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' "was the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' of his time and Frances Hodgson Burnett was as celebrated for creating him as [[J. K. Rowling]] is for Potter". During the serialisation in ''St. Nicholas'' magazine, readers looked forward to new installments. The fashions in the book became popular with velvet Lord Fauntleroy suits being sold, as well as other Fauntleroy merchandise such as velvet collars, playing cards, and chocolates. During a period when sentimental fiction was the norm, and in the United States the "rags to riches" story popular, ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' was a hit.<ref>Hovarth, (2004), xi–xiv</ref>


[[Edith Nesbit]] included in her own children's book ''[[The Enchanted Castle]]'' (1907) a rather unflattering reference:
[[Edith Nesbit]] included in her own children's book ''[[The Enchanted Castle]]'' (1907) a rather unflattering reference:


<blockquote>Gerald could always make himself look interesting at a moment's notice (...) by opening his grey eyes rather wide, allowing the corners of his mouth to droop, and assuming a gentle, pleading expression, resembling that of the late little Lord Fauntleroy who must, by the way, be quite old now, and an awful prig.
<blockquote>Gerald could always make himself look interesting at a moment's notice (...) by opening his grey eyes rather wide, allowing the corners of his mouth to droop, and assuming a gentle, pleading expression, resembling that of the late little Lord Fauntleroy who must, by the way, be quite old now, and an awful prig.</blockquote>
</blockquote>


==Adaptations==
==Film, TV or theatrical adaptations==
===Stage===
There have been several movie versions of the book produced over many years:
[[File:Elsie Leslie as Little Lord Fauntleroy cph.3b10326.jpg|thumb|upright|Elsie Leslie in the Broadway production of ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' (1888).]]
*''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1914 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1914), one of the last films made in [[Kinemacolor]]<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0004238/ Internet Movie Database]</ref>
[[File:Little Lord Fauntleroy Broadway Theatre The Theatre Dec 8 1888 p503.png|thumb|upright|Broadway cast listed in ''The Theatre''.]]
*''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1918 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1918), a Hungarian film
The first stage adaptation of Hodgson's novel, titled simply ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'', opened at the [[Prince of Wales Theatre|Prince of Wales' Theatre]] in London on 23 Feb 1888.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clarence |first=Reginald |title="The Stage" Cyclopaedia – A Bibliography of Plays |publisher=Burt Franklin |year=1909 |location=New York |pages=253}}</ref> Written by E.V. Seebohm, the piece in three acts was "suggested by Mrs F. H, Burnett's story",<ref>Theatre programme: Little Lord Fauntleroy, Prince of Wales' Theatre.</ref> starred Annie Hughes as Cedric and played only a short season of matinees. After discovering her novel had been plagiarized for the stage, Burnett successfully sued and then wrote her own theatrical adaptation titled ''The Real'' ''Little Lord Fauntleroy''. Opening on 14 May, at [[Terry's Theatre]] in London it played for 57 matinees<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clarence |first=Reginald |title="The Stage" Cyclopaedia – A Bibliography of Plays |publisher=Burt Franklin |year=1909 |location=New York |pages=377}}</ref> and was subsequently presented in the English provinces, France, Boston and New York City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/real-little-lord-fauntleroy |title=The Real Little Lord Fauntleroy |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |date=November 1970 |website=[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] |access-date=2017-11-21}}</ref>
*''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1921 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1921), a film starring [[Mary Pickford]]
*''[[L'ultimo Lord (1926 film)|L'ultimo Lord]]'' (1926), an Italian film by [[Augusto Genina]]
*''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1936), arguably the best-known adaptation, with a cast including [[Freddie Bartholomew]], [[Dolores Costello]], and [[C. Aubrey Smith]]
*''[[Il piccolo Lord]]'' (1960) a TV mini-series (sceneggiato) aired on RAI, directed by [[Vittorio Brignole]]
*''Il Piccolo Lord'' (1971) an Italian TV movie, directed by [[Luciano Emmer]]
*''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' (1976) BBC TV serial, directed by Paul Annett with Glenn Anderson as Cedric<ref>[http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b739b82a3 BFI entry]</ref>
*As one instalment in 1977 of the late 1970s children's television show ''[[Once Upon a Classic]]''<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1916&dat=19770331&id=--kgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MW4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4312,5388780 Google News]</ref>
*''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1980 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1980), a popular adaption starring [[Alec Guinness]], [[Rick Schroder]] and [[Eric Porter]]. This film has become a Christmas classic in Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moviepilot.de/pages/weihnachten |title=Umfrage: Die beliebtesten Weihnachtsfilme |publisher=Moviepilot.de |date= |accessdate=2014-02-15}}</ref>
*''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (anime)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1988), a Japanese [[anime]] series, also known as ''Shōkōshi Cedie'' (小公子セディ Shōkōshi Sedi, trans. Little Prince Cedie), spanning 43 episodes (20–25-minute each per episode) based on the same novel. The anime has been translated in many languages, notably French, German, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Tagalog, Polish and Arabic.
*''Il Piccolo Lord/Der kleine Lord'' (1994), an Italian and German co–production TV movie, aired on RAI and ARD with [[Mario Adorf]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zweitausendeins.de/filmlexikon/?sucheNach=titel&wert=68676 |title=Zweitausendeins. Filmlexikon FILME von A-Z - Der kleine Lord (1994 D/I) |publisher=Zweitausendeins.de |date=1996-12-18 |accessdate=2014-02-15}}</ref>
*''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' (1995), a BBC TV mini-series adaptation by [[Julian Fellowes]], starring [[Michael Benz]] in the title role and [[George Baker (actor)|George Baker]] as the Earl.
*''[[Cedie]]'': Ang Munting Prinsipe (means Cedie: The Little Prince) (1996), a Filipino film adaptation
*''Radosti i pechali malenʹkogo lorda'' (''Little lord's joy and sorrow'') (2003), a Russian film
*''Die kleine Lady'' (2012), a German TV movie aired on ZDF with a girl in the role of a little Countess<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prisma.de/film.html?mid=2012_die_kleine_lady |title=Die kleine Lady |publisher=prisma.de |date= |accessdate=2014-02-15}}</ref>
*''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' (1994) Australian open-air/site specific theatre production adapted by Julia Britton, directed by Robert Chuter in the historical gardens of the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) property Rippon Lea.


The Broadway production of Burnett's play opened on 10 December 1888, at the [[Broadway Theatre (41st Street)|Broadway Theatre]], New York City.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTPSAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Little+Lord+Fauntleroy%22+parkhurst&pg=PR1 |title=Burnett, Frances Hodgson ''Little Lord Fauntleroy: A Drama in Three Acts'', 1889/1913 |access-date=2014-02-15|last1=Burnett |first1=Frances Hodgson |year=1913 }}</ref><ref>[http://ibdb.com/production.php?id=5718 ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' – Internet Broadway Database] accessed 6.7.13</ref> The original cast follows:
==Broadway debut==
* Earl of Dorincourt – J. H. Gilmour
[[File:Little Lord Fauntleroy Broadway Theatre The Theatre Dec 8 1888 p503.png|thumb|Broadway cast listed in ''The Theatre'']]
''Little Lord Fauntleroy''<br>
* Cedric Errol (Lord Fauntleroy) – [[Elsie Leslie]] and Tommy Russell
* Mr. Havisham, a Solicitor – F. F. Mackay
Original Cast, [[Broadway Theatre (41st Street)|Broadway Theatre]], New York, 10 December 1888.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTPSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=%22Little+Lord+Fauntleroy%22+parkhurst&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uJCyUf6DE6eYigKZh4GQDg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=director&f=false |title=Burnett, Frances Hodgson '&#39;Little Lord Fauntleroy: A Drama in Three Acts'&#39;, 1889/1913 |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-15}}</ref><ref>[http://ibdb.com/production.php?id=5718 ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' – Internet Broadway Database] accessed 6.7.13</ref><br>
* Mr. Hobbs, a Grocer – [[George A. Parkhurst]]
Earl of Dorincourt – J. H. Gilmore<br>
* Dick, a Bootblack – Frank E. Lamb
Cedric Errol (Lord Fauntleroy) – [[Elsie Leslie]] and Tommy Russell<br>
Mr. Havisham, a Solicitor – F. F. Mackay<br>
* Higgins, a Farmer – John Swinburne
Mr. Hobbs, a Grocer – [[George A. Parkhurst]]<br>
* Wilkins, a Groom – [[Alfred Klein]]
Dick, a Bootblack – Frank E. Lamb<br>
* Thomas, a Footman – John Sutherland
Higgens, a Farmer – John Swinburne<br>
* James, a Servant – T. J. Plunkett
Wilkins, a Groom – [[Alfred Klein]]<br>
* Mrs. Errol ("Dearest") – [[Kathryn Kidder]]
* Minna – [[Alice Fischer (actress)|Alice Fischer]]
Thomas, a Footman – John Sutherland<br>
* Mary – [[Effie Germon]]
James, a Servant – T. J. Plunkett<br>
Mrs. Errol ("Dearest") – [[Kathryn Kidder]]<br>
Mina – Alice Fischer<br>
Mary – [[Effie Germon]]


Touring versions of the play were common in the late 19th and early 20th century. A 1906 version cast 11-year-old [[Buster Keaton]] in the role of Lord Fauntleroy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=O’Brien |first=Geoffrey |date=2022-10-20 |title=Keep Your Eye on the Kid |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2022/10/20/keep-your-eye-on-the-kid-buster-keaton/ |journal=New York Review of Books|volume=69 |issue=16 }}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Novels|Children's literature}}
In 1994, an Australian open-air/site specific theatre production of ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'', adapted by [[Julia Britton]] and directed by Robert Chuter, was presented in the historical gardens of the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) property Rippon Lea.{{cn|date=September 2022}}
* [[List of films in the public domain]]

===Film and television===
[[File:Little-Lord-Fauntleroy-1936.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Dolores Costello]] and [[Freddie Bartholomew]] in ''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1936)]]
* ''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1914 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1914), a British silent film, one of the last made in [[Kinemacolor]], directed by [[F. Martin Thornton]], starring [[Gerald Royston]] (''Cedric''); [[H. Agar Lyons]] (''The Earl''); [[Jane Wells]] (''Dearest''); [[Bernard Vaughan (actor)|Bernard Vaughan]] (''Mr. Havisham''); F. Tomkins (''Mr. Hobbs''); and Harry Edwards (''Dick'').<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0004238/ Little Lord Fauntleroy]" (1914) in [[Internet Movie Database]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Lord Fauntleroy (1914) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b739b79ea |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419171908/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b739b79ea |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 April 2021 |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref>
* ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' (''A Kis Lord'') (1918), a Hungarian silent film, directed by Alexander Antalffy, starring [[Tibor Lubinszky]] (''Cedric''); Alexander Antalffy (''The Earl''); Giza Báthory (''Dearest''); [[József Hajdú]] (''Mr. Havisham''); Jenõ Horváth (''Mr. Hobbs''); Ernõ Kenessey (''Dick'').<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0241632/ A kis lord]" (1918) in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Kis lord |url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/512205/a-kis-lord/ |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref>
* ''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1921 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1921), an American silent film, directed by [[Alfred E. Green]] and [[Jack Pickford]], starring [[Mary Pickford]] (''Cedric'' & ''Dearest''); [[Claude Gillingwater]] (''The Earl''); [[Joseph J. Dowling]] (''Mr. Havisham''); [[James A. Marcus]] (''Mr. Hobbs''); [[Fred Malatesta]] (''Dick'').<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0012397/ Little Lord Fauntleroy]" (1921) in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Lord Fauntleroy |url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/497702/little-lord-fauntleroy |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref>
* ''L'ultimo Lord'' (1926), an Italian silent film, directed by [[Augusto Genina]], starring [[Carmen Boni]] (''Freddie''). Based on ''L'ultimo Lord'' by [[Ugo Falena]].<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0199518/?ref_=fn_al_tt_2 L'ultimo lord (1932)] in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=L'ultimo lord (1926) |url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/l-ultimo-lord-1926 |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=The A.V. Club}}</ref>
* ''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1936), arguably the best-known adaptation, directed by [[John Cromwell (director)|John Cromwell]], starring [[Freddie Bartholomew]] (''Cedric''); [[C. Aubrey Smith]] (''The Earl''); [[Dolores Costello]] (''Dearest''); [[Henry Stephenson]] (''Mr. Havisham''); [[Guy Kibbee]] (''Mr. Hobbs''); [[Mickey Rooney]] (''Dick'').<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0027893/ Little Lord Fauntleroy]" in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nugent |first=Frank S. |date=1936-04-03 |title=' Little Lord Fauntleroy,' a Pleasant Film Version of the Familiar Novel, at the Music Hall.|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/03/archives/little-lord-fauntleroy-a-pleasant-film-version-of-the-familiar.html |access-date=2023-07-18 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* ''[[Il ventesimo duca]]'' (1945), an Italian film, directed by [[Lucio De Caro]], starring [[Paola Veneroni]] ("Freddie"). Based on ''L'ultimo Lord'' by [[Ugo Falena]].<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0215327/ "Il ventesimo duca]" in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Il ventesimo duca (1945) – Cast & Crew on MUBI |url=https://mubi.com/films/il-ventesimo-duca/cast |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=mubi.com}}</ref>
* ''O Pequeno Lorde'' (1957), Brazilian TV movie, directed da Júlio Gouveia and Antonino Seabra, starring Rafael Neto (''Cedric'').
* ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' (1957), an American TV miniseries, starring [[Richard O'Sullivan]] (''Cedric'').<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0642801/?ref_=tt_cl_t2 Richard O'Sullivan]" in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1957-09-17 |title=BBC Programme Index |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/f61df6acac94494cb8be595792dc7e0c |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>
* ''Il piccolo Lord'' (1960), an Italian TV miniseries (sceneggiato) aired on RAI, directed by Vittorio Brignole, starring Sandro Pistolini (''Cedric''); [[Michele Malaspina]] (''The Earl''); Andreina Paul (''Dearest''); Attilio Ortolani (''Mr. Havisham''); Giuseppe Mancini (''Mr. Hobbs''); Ermanno Anfossi (''Dick'').<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2963302/ Il piccolo lord] (1960)" in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Il piccolo lord (1960) |url=https://www.avclub.com/tv/reviews/il-piccolo-lord-1960 |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=The A.V. Club}}</ref>
* ''{{ill|Little Lord Fauntleroy (1962 film)|de|3=Der kleine Lord (1962)|lt=Der kleine Lord}}'' (1962), a German TV film aired on [[Bayerischer Rundfunk]] (BR), directed by {{ill|Franz Josef Wild|de}}, starring Manfred Kunst (''Cedric''); [[Albrecht Schoenhals]] (''The Earl''); [[Gertrud Kückelmann]] (''Dearest''); [[Sigfrit Steiner]] (''Mr. Havisham''); [[Eric Pohlmann]] (''Mr. Hobbs''); [[Michael Ande]].<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0475262/?ref_=tt_cl_t1 Manfred Kunst]" in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref>
* ''Lille Lord Fauntleroy'' (1966), a Norwegian TV film, directed by [[Alfred Solaas]], starring Gøsta Hagenlund (''Cedric'').<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0353481/?ref_=ttfc_fc_cl_t1 Gøsta Hagenlund]" in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Der kleine Lord (1962) |url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/der-kleine-lord-1962 |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=The A.V. Club}}</ref>
* ''Il Piccolo Lord'' (1971), an Italian TV movie, directed by [[Luciano Emmer]], starring [[Kessler Twins|Ellen and Alice Kessler]], [[Johnny Dorelli]], [[Dina Perbellini]], and Alice Rossi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Il piccolo lord (1971) |url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/il-piccolo-lord-1971 |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=The A.V. Club}}</ref>
* ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' (1976), a BBC TV miniseries, directed by [[Paul Annett]], starring Glenn Anderson (''Cedric''); [[Paul Rogers (actor)|Paul Rogers]] (''the Earl''); [[Jennie Linden]] (''Dearest''); [[Preston Lockwood]] (''Mr. Havisham''); [[Ray Smith (actor)|Ray Smith]] (''Mr. Hobbs''); [[Paul D'Amato]] (''Dick'').<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0228526/ Little Lord Fauntleroy] (1976)" in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Lord Fauntleroy (1976) |url=https://www.avclub.com/tv/reviews/little-lord-fauntleroy-1976 |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=The A.V. Club}}</ref>
* As one installment in 1977 of the late 1970s children's television show ''[[Once Upon a Classic]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1916&dat=19770331&id=--kgAAAAIBAJ&pg=4312,5388780|title=The Hour |via= Google News Archive Search|work=google.com|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>
* ''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1980 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1980), a popular adaptation, directed by [[Jack Gold]], starring [[Ricky Schroder]] (''Cedric''); [[Alec Guinness]] (''The Earl''); [[Connie Booth]] (''Dearest''); [[Eric Porter]] (''Mr. Havisham''); [[Colin Blakely]] (''Mr. Hobbs''); and [[Rolf Saxon]] (''Dick'').<ref>"[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081062/ Little Lord Fauntleroy] (1980)" in [[Internet Movie Database]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Lord Fauntleroy |url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/466013/little-lord-fauntleroy/ |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref> This film has become a Christmas classic in Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moviepilot.de/pages/weihnachten |title=Umfrage: Die beliebtesten Weihnachtsfilme |publisher=Moviepilot.de |access-date=2014-02-15}}</ref>
* ''The Adventures of Little Lord Fauntleroy'' was a 1982 TV movie, directed by [[Desmond Davis]] and starring [[Jerry Supiran]] (''Cedric''); [[John Mills]] (''The Earl''), and Caroline Smith (''Dearest'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6e897a9a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230023821/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6e897a9a|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 December 2018|title=The Adventures of Little Lord Fauntleroy (1982).|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Adventures of Little Lord Fauntleroy (1982) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6e897a9a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230023821/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6e897a9a |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 December 2018 |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref>
* ''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (TV series)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1988), a Japanese [[anime]] series, also known as ''Shōkōshi Cedie'' (小公子セディ Shōkōshi Sedi, trans. Little Prince Cedie), directed by Kōzō Kusuba, spanning 43 episodes (20–25-minute each per episode) based on the same novel. The anime has been translated in many languages, notably French, German, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Tagalog, Polish and Arabic. In this adaptation (and in the Filipino film adaptation based on it), Cedric's mother is named "Annie", and his father, "James" (in contrast to the novel's namesake), who was seen alive in the early episodes of the series until his untimely demise on episode five.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Lord Fauntleroy (TV) – Anime News Network |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=2077 |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=Anime News Network}}</ref>
* ''Il Piccolo Lord/Der kleine Lord'' (1994), an Italian and German co–production TV movie, aired on RAI and ARD, directed by Gianfranco Albano, starring Francesco De Pasquale (''Cedric'') and [[Mario Adorf]] (''The Earl'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zweitausendeins.de/filmlexikon/?sucheNach=titel&wert=68676 |title=Zweitausendeins. Filmlexikon FILME von A–Z – Der kleine Lord (1994 D/I) |publisher=Zweitausendeins.de |date=1996-12-18 |access-date=2014-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Der kleine Lord (Il piccolo lord) – 1994 |url=https://www.spielfilm.de/filme/2995047/der-kleine-lord |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=Spielfilm.de |language=de}}</ref>
* ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' (1995), a BBC TV mini-series adaptation by [[Julian Fellowes]], directed by Andrew Morgan, starring [[Michael Benz]] (''Cedric'') and [[George Baker (British actor)|George Baker]] (''The Earl'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Lord Fauntleroy (1995) |url=https://www.avclub.com/tv/reviews/little-lord-fauntleroy-1995 |access-date=2023-07-18 |publisher=The A.V. Club}}</ref>
* ''[[Cedie]]: Ang Munting Prinsipe'' (''Cedie: The Little Prince'') (1996), a Filipino film adaptation, directed by Romy Suzara, starring [[Tom Taus]].
* ''Radosti i pechali malenʹkogo lorda'' (''Little lord's joy and sorrow'') (''Радости и печали маленького лорда'') (2003), a Russian film, directed by Ivan Popov, starring Aleksey Vesyolkin (''Cedric'').
* ''{{Ill|Little Lady (2012 film)|de|3=Die kleine Lady|lt=Little Lady}}'' (2012), an Austrian TV movie aired on ZDF, directed by [[Gernot Roll]], starring Philippa Schöne in the role of a little Countess.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prisma.de/film.html?mid=2012_die_kleine_lady |title=Die kleine Lady |publisher=prisma.de |access-date=2014-02-15}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19781004&id=q700AAAAIBAJ&sjid=8qEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1002,1053263&hl=en


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
*{{citation |last=Horvath |first=Polly |title=Little Lord Fauntleroy|chapter=Foreword |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-689-86994-5|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tSRSHkaWpiAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s|ref = harv}}
* {{citation |last=Horvath |first=Polly |title=Little Lord Fauntleroy|chapter=Foreword |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-689-86994-5|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tSRSHkaWpiAC}}
*Rutherford, L.M. (1994), "British Children's Writers 1880–1914", in Laura M. Zaldman, ''Dictionary of Literary Biography'', Volume 141, Detroit: Gale Research Literature Resource Center
* Rutherford, L.M. (1994), "British Children's Writers 1880–1914", in Laura M. Zaldman, ''Dictionary of Literary Biography'', Volume 141, Detroit: Gale Research Literature Resource Center


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Little Lord Fauntleroy}}
* {{wikisource-inline|Little Lord Fauntleroy|''Little Lord Fauntleroy''|single=true}}
* {{Commonscat-inline}}
*{{gutenberg|no=479|name=Little Lord Fauntleroy}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/frances-hodgson-burnett/little-lord-fauntleroy}}
*{{librivox book | title=Little Lord Fauntleroy | author=Frances Hodgson Burnett}}
* {{Gutenberg|no=479|name=Little Lord Fauntleroy}}

* {{librivox book | title=Little Lord Fauntleroy | author=Frances Hodgson Burnett}}
* [https://histclo.com/style/suit/faunt/faunt.html Little Lord Fauntleroy suits]
{{Little Lord Fauntleroy|state=expanded}}
{{Frances Hodgson Burnett}}
{{Frances Hodgson Burnett}}
{{portalbar|children's literature|novels|United Kingdom|United States}}
{{Little Lord Fauntleroy}}


[[Category:1886 novels]]
[[Category:Little Lord Fauntleroy| ]]
[[Category:American children's novels]] <!-- set largely in England -->
[[Category:Novels by Frances Hodgson Burnett]]
[[Category:Novels first published in serial form]]
[[Category:1880s fashion]]
[[Category:1880s fashion]]
[[Category:1886 British novels]]
[[Category:1886 American novels]]
[[Category:American children's novels]]
[[Category:American novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:American novels adapted into plays]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into plays]]
[[Category:Children's clothing]]
[[Category:Children's clothing]]
[[Category:Suits (clothing)]]
[[Category:English-language novels]]
[[Category:English-language novels]]
[[Category:American novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:Novels adapted into operas]]
[[Category:19th-century American novels]]
[[Category:American novels adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:Novels by Frances Hodgson Burnett]]
[[Category:Novels first published in serial form]]
[[Category:Works originally published in St. Nicholas Magazine]]
[[Category:Works originally published in St. Nicholas Magazine]]
[[Category:19th-century British novels]]
[[Category:1880s children's books]]

Latest revision as of 17:24, 5 November 2024

This article is about the novel. For the film, TV and opera adaptations, see Little Lord Fauntleroy (disambiguation).
"Fauntleroy" redirects here. For other uses, see Fauntleroy (disambiguation).

Little Lord Fauntleroy
First edition cover
AuthorFrances Hodgson Burnett
IllustratorReginald B. Birch[1]
LanguageEnglish
GenreChildren's novel
PublisherScribner's
Publication date
November 1885 – October 1886 (magazine)
1886 (novel)
Publication placeUnited Kingdom
United States
Pagesxi + 209 + [17][1]
LC ClassPZ7.B934 L[1]

Little Lord Fauntleroy is a children's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was published as a serial in St. Nicholas Magazine from November 1885 to October 1886, then as a book by Scribner's (the publisher of St. Nicholas) in 1886.[2] The illustrations by Reginald B. Birch set fashion trends and the novel set a precedent in copyright law when Burnett won a lawsuit in 1888 against E. V. Seebohm over the rights to theatrical adaptations of the work.[3]

Etymology

[edit]

The title surname Fauntleroy is an Anglo-French term ultimately derived from Le enfant le roy ("child of the king"), evoking the image of being pampered and spoiled. More proximally, it is from a Middle English variant faunt from enfaunt, meaning child or infant. It is attested as a real surname since the 13th century.[4]

Plot

[edit]

In a shabby New York City side street in the mid-1880s, young Cedric Errol lives with his mother (known to him as "Dearest") in genteel poverty after the death of his father, Captain Cedric Errol. One day, they are visited by a British lawyer named Liam with a message from young Cedric's paternal grandfather, the Earl of Dorincourt, a millionaire who despises the United States and was very disappointed when his youngest son married an American woman. With the deaths of his father's elder brothers, Cedric has now inherited the title Lord Fauntleroy and is the heir to the earldom and a vast estate. Cedric's grandfather wants him to live in the United Kingdom and be educated as a British aristocrat. He offers his son's widow a house and guaranteed income, but refuses to have anything else to do with her, even after she declines his money.

However, the Earl is impressed by the appearance and intelligence of his American grandson and is charmed by his innocent nature. Cedric believes his grandfather to be an honorable man and benefactor, and the Earl cannot disappoint him. The Earl therefore becomes a benefactor to his tenants, to their delight, though he takes care to let them know that their benefactor is the child, Lord Fauntleroy.

Meanwhile, back in New York, a homeless bootblack named Dick Tipton tells Cedric's old friend Mr. Hobbs, a New York City grocer, that a few years prior, after the death of his parents, Dick's older brother Benjamin married an awful woman who got rid of their only child together after he was born and then left. Benjamin moved to California to open a cattle ranch while Dick ended up in the streets. At the same time, a neglected pretender to Cedric's inheritance appears in the United Kingdom, the pretender's mother claiming that he is the offspring of the Earl's eldest son, Bevis. The claim is investigated by Dick and Benjamin, who come to the United Kingdom and recognize the woman as Benjamin's former wife. She flees, and the Tipton brothers and the pretender, Benjamin's son, do not see her again. Afterward, Benjamin goes back to his cattle ranch in California where he happily raises his son by himself. The Earl is reconciled to his American daughter-in-law, realizing that she is far superior to the impostor.

The Earl had planned to teach his grandson how to be an aristocrat. Instead, Cedric teaches his grandfather that an aristocrat should practice compassion towards those dependent on him. The Earl becomes the man Cedric always innocently believed him to be. Cedric is happily reunited with his mother and with Mr. Hobbs, who decides to stay to help look after Cedric.

Impact on fashion

[edit]
An illustration by Birch from 1886
Lobby card from the 1921 film adaptation starring Mary Pickford

The Fauntleroy suit[5] (see also Buster Brown suit), so well described by Burnett and realised in Reginald Birch's detailed pen-and-ink drawings, created a fad for formal dress for American middle-class children:

What the Earl saw was a graceful, childish figure in a black velvet suit, with a lace collar, and with lovelocks waving about the handsome, manly little face, whose eyes met his with a look of innocent good-fellowship.

— Little Lord Fauntleroy

The Fauntleroy suit appeared in Europe as well but nowhere was it as popular as in America. The classic Fauntleroy suit was a velvet cut-away jacket and matching knee pants, worn with a fancy blouse and a large lace or ruffled collar. These suits appeared right after the publication of Burnett's story (1885) and were a major fashion for boys until after the turn of the 20th century. Many boys who did not wear an actual Fauntleroy suit wore suits with Fauntleroy elements, such as a fancy blouse or floppy bow. Only a minority of boys wore ringlet curls with these suits, but the photographic record confirms that many boys did.[further explanation needed]

It was most popular for boys about 3–8 years of age, but some older boys wore them as well. It has been speculated that the popularity of the style encouraged many mothers to breech their boys earlier than before, and it was a factor in the decline of the fashion for dressing small boys in dresses and other skirted garments.[6] Clothing that Burnett popularised was modelled on the costumes which she tailored herself for her two sons, Vivian and Lionel.[3]

Reception

[edit]

Polly Hovarth writes that Little Lord Fauntleroy "was the Harry Potter of his time and Frances Hodgson Burnett was as celebrated for creating him as J. K. Rowling is for Potter". During the serialisation in St. Nicholas magazine, readers looked forward to new installments. The fashions in the book became popular with velvet Lord Fauntleroy suits being sold, as well as other Fauntleroy merchandise such as velvet collars, playing cards, and chocolates. During a period when sentimental fiction was the norm, and in the United States the "rags to riches" story popular, Little Lord Fauntleroy was a hit.[7]

Edith Nesbit included in her own children's book The Enchanted Castle (1907) a rather unflattering reference:

Gerald could always make himself look interesting at a moment's notice (...) by opening his grey eyes rather wide, allowing the corners of his mouth to droop, and assuming a gentle, pleading expression, resembling that of the late little Lord Fauntleroy who must, by the way, be quite old now, and an awful prig.

Adaptations

[edit]

Stage

[edit]
Elsie Leslie in the Broadway production of Little Lord Fauntleroy (1888).
Broadway cast listed in The Theatre.

The first stage adaptation of Hodgson's novel, titled simply Little Lord Fauntleroy, opened at the Prince of Wales' Theatre in London on 23 Feb 1888.[8] Written by E.V. Seebohm, the piece in three acts was "suggested by Mrs F. H, Burnett's story",[9] starred Annie Hughes as Cedric and played only a short season of matinees. After discovering her novel had been plagiarized for the stage, Burnett successfully sued and then wrote her own theatrical adaptation titled The Real Little Lord Fauntleroy. Opening on 14 May, at Terry's Theatre in London it played for 57 matinees[10] and was subsequently presented in the English provinces, France, Boston and New York City.[11]

The Broadway production of Burnett's play opened on 10 December 1888, at the Broadway Theatre, New York City.[12][13] The original cast follows:

  • Earl of Dorincourt – J. H. Gilmour
  • Cedric Errol (Lord Fauntleroy) – Elsie Leslie and Tommy Russell
  • Mr. Havisham, a Solicitor – F. F. Mackay
  • Mr. Hobbs, a Grocer – George A. Parkhurst
  • Dick, a Bootblack – Frank E. Lamb
  • Higgins, a Farmer – John Swinburne
  • Wilkins, a Groom – Alfred Klein
  • Thomas, a Footman – John Sutherland
  • James, a Servant – T. J. Plunkett
  • Mrs. Errol ("Dearest") – Kathryn Kidder
  • Minna – Alice Fischer
  • Mary – Effie Germon

Touring versions of the play were common in the late 19th and early 20th century. A 1906 version cast 11-year-old Buster Keaton in the role of Lord Fauntleroy.[14]

In 1994, an Australian open-air/site specific theatre production of Little Lord Fauntleroy, adapted by Julia Britton and directed by Robert Chuter, was presented in the historical gardens of the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) property Rippon Lea.[citation needed]

Film and television

[edit]
Dolores Costello and Freddie Bartholomew in Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Little Lord Fauntleroy". LC Online Catalog. Library of Congress (lccn.loc.gov). Retrieved 2016-02-29.
  2. ^ Joanne Shattock, ed. The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 4 1800–1900. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, 1475.
  3. ^ a b Rutherford
  4. ^ Harper, Douglas. "Etymology of fauntleroy". etymonline.com.
  5. ^ "Children wearing velvet suits inspired by Little Lord Fauntleroy style (c. 1909–1932) National Photo Company Collection; Library of Congress". Library of Congress. 1909.
  6. ^ "Historical boys Clothing site section on Fauntleroy suits". Histclo.com. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  7. ^ Hovarth, (2004), xi–xiv
  8. ^ Clarence, Reginald (1909). "The Stage" Cyclopaedia – A Bibliography of Plays. New York: Burt Franklin. p. 253.
  9. ^ Theatre programme: Little Lord Fauntleroy, Prince of Wales' Theatre.
  10. ^ Clarence, Reginald (1909). "The Stage" Cyclopaedia – A Bibliography of Plays. New York: Burt Franklin. p. 377.
  11. ^ McCarthy, Tom (November 1970). "The Real Little Lord Fauntleroy". American Heritage. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  12. ^ Burnett, Frances Hodgson (1913). Burnett, Frances Hodgson Little Lord Fauntleroy: A Drama in Three Acts, 1889/1913. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  13. ^ Little Lord Fauntleroy – Internet Broadway Database accessed 6.7.13
  14. ^ O’Brien, Geoffrey (20 October 2022). "Keep Your Eye on the Kid". New York Review of Books. 69 (16).
  15. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy" (1914) in Internet Movie Database
  16. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy (1914)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  17. ^ "A kis lord" (1918) in Internet Movie Database.
  18. ^ "A Kis lord". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy" (1921) in Internet Movie Database.
  20. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  21. ^ L'ultimo lord (1932) in Internet Movie Database.
  22. ^ "L'ultimo lord (1926)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  23. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy" in Internet Movie Database.
  24. ^ Nugent, Frank S. (3 April 1936). "' Little Lord Fauntleroy,' a Pleasant Film Version of the Familiar Novel, at the Music Hall". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  25. ^ "Il ventesimo duca" in Internet Movie Database.
  26. ^ "Il ventesimo duca (1945) – Cast & Crew on MUBI". mubi.com. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  27. ^ "Richard O'Sullivan" in Internet Movie Database.
  28. ^ "BBC Programme Index". genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. 17 September 1957. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  29. ^ "Il piccolo lord (1960)" in Internet Movie Database.
  30. ^ "Il piccolo lord (1960)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  31. ^ "Manfred Kunst" in Internet Movie Database.
  32. ^ "Gøsta Hagenlund" in Internet Movie Database.
  33. ^ "Der kleine Lord (1962)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  34. ^ "Il piccolo lord (1971)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  35. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy (1976)" in Internet Movie Database.
  36. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy (1976)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  37. ^ "The Hour". google.com. Retrieved 1 February 2017 – via Google News Archive Search.
  38. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy (1980)" in Internet Movie Database.
  39. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  40. ^ "Umfrage: Die beliebtesten Weihnachtsfilme". Moviepilot.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  41. ^ "The Adventures of Little Lord Fauntleroy (1982)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  42. ^ "The Adventures of Little Lord Fauntleroy (1982)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  43. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy (TV) – Anime News Network". Anime News Network. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  44. ^ "Zweitausendeins. Filmlexikon FILME von A–Z – Der kleine Lord (1994 D/I)". Zweitausendeins.de. 18 December 1996. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  45. ^ "Der kleine Lord (Il piccolo lord) – 1994". Spielfilm.de (in German). Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  46. ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy (1995)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  47. ^ "Die kleine Lady". prisma.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

Sources

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  • Horvath, Polly (2004), "Foreword", Little Lord Fauntleroy, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 978-0-689-86994-5
  • Rutherford, L.M. (1994), "British Children's Writers 1880–1914", in Laura M. Zaldman, Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 141, Detroit: Gale Research Literature Resource Center
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