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{{Short description|African-American Physician}}
{{orphan|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person | name =Clarence Sumner Janifer, Sr. | image =Clarence Sumner Janifer.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1886|3|13}} | birth_place =Virginia | death_date = {{Death date and age|1950|11|14|1886|3|13}} | death_place = [[Newark, New Jersey]]| death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = | education = [[New York Medical College|Homeopathic Medical College of the State of New York]] (1915) | employer = | occupation = | title = | salary = | networth = | height = | weight = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | religion =[[Methodist Episcopal Church]] | spouse = Una Marie | partner = | children =Clarence Janifer, Jr. | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }}
| name = Clarence Sumner Janifer Sr.
| image = Clarence Sumner Janifer.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1886|3|13}}
| birth_place = Virginia
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1950|11|14|1886|3|13}}
| death_place = [[Newark, New Jersey]]
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| education = [[New York Medical College|Homeopathic Medical College of the State of New York]] (1915)
| employer =
| occupation =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| boards =
| spouse = Una Marie
| partner =
| children = Clarence Janifer Jr.
| parents =
| relatives =
| signature =
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| footnotes =
}}


'''Clarence Sumner Janifer, Sr.''', [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] (March 13, 1886 &ndash; November 14, 1950) was a physician and the first [[African American]] member of the [[Medical Society of New Jersey]]. <!--married to Eva Marie Janifer-->
'''Clarence Sumner Janifer Sr.''' (March 13, 1886 &ndash; November 14, 1950) was a physician and the first [[African American]] member of the [[Medical Society of New Jersey]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Janifer was born on March 13, 1886, in [[Virginia]]. After his mother died, his father, George Sr. moved the family to [[Newark, New Jersey]]. George Sr. worked as a school janitor to support his two sons, George and Clarence. The small family were joined by the boys' uncle Joe and housekeeper and all lived in an upper unit of 190 Ridge Street, Newark. <ref name=doctors>{{cite book |last1=Buckley |first1=Joann H. |last2=Fisher |first2=W. Douglas |date=2016 |title=African American Doctors of World War I: The Lives of 104 Volunteers |location=Jefferson |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc. |pages=114–115 |isbn=9781476663159}}</ref>
Janifer was born on March 13, 1886, in [[Virginia]]. After his mother died, his father, George Sr. moved the family to [[Newark, New Jersey]]. George Sr. worked as a school janitor to support his two sons, George and Clarence. The small family were joined by the boys' uncle Joe and housekeeper and all lived in an upper unit of 190 Ridge Street, Newark.<ref name=doctors>{{cite book |last1=Buckley |first1=Joann H. |last2=Fisher |first2=W. Douglas |date=2016 |title=African American Doctors of World War I: The Lives of 104 Volunteers |location=Jefferson |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc. |pages=114–115 |isbn=9781476663159}}</ref>


In 1906, Clarence graduated with honors from [[Barringer High School|Newark High School]]. Afterwards, he attended [[Syracuse University]] in [[New York]]. He graduated from the [[New York Medical College|Homeopathic Medical College of the State of New York]] in 1915. Janifer passed the New Jersey [[United States Medical Licensing Examination|board]] on his first attempt. Janifer returned to Newark and passed the city's clinic physician examination with a 99.09%.<ref name=doctors />
In 1906, Clarence graduated with honors from [[Barringer High School|Newark High School]]. Afterwards, he attended [[Syracuse University]] in [[New York (state)|New York]]. He graduated from the [[New York Medical College|Homeopathic Medical College of the State of New York]] in 1915. Janifer passed the New Jersey [[United States Medical Licensing Examination|board]] on his first attempt. Janifer returned to Newark and passed the city's clinic physician examination with a 99.09%.<ref name=doctors />


==Military service==
⚫
==Career==
⚫
In 1917, Janifer volunteered for service in the army's Medical Reserve Corps. During [[World War I]] he was a medical officer, and was assigned to the Third Battalion, 372nd Infantry Regiment Medical Corps of the 93rd Division. It was one of the first American units to arrive in France following the declaration of war. [[John J. Pershing|General Pershing]] did not want to handle the African American troops and turned the unit over to the French, who had requested American reinforcements.
⚫
Dr. Janifer practiced in Newark as a pediatrician. In 1916, he joined the [[National Medical Association]], and he was the first African American member of the Medical Society of New Jersey.


Janifer became an expert in leg amputations as many of the soldiers faced trench related injuries, such as [[trench foot]].
⚫
In 1917, Janifer volunteered for service in the army's [[Medical Reserve Corps]]. During [[World War I]] he was a medical officer, and was assigned to the Third Battalion, 372nd Infantry Regiment Medical Corps of the 93rd Division. On December 13, 1918, he was awarded the [[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de Guerre]] for providing first hand relief to wounded and dying soldiers on the battlefield.<ref name=doctors />


On December 13, 1918, he was awarded the [[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de Guerre]] for providing first hand relief to wounded and courage under fire.<ref name=doctors />
⚫
Following the war, he worked for the [[Newark Health Department]] in various part-time positions. For much of his career, Janifer worked in an extremely poor, segregated slum known as, the "old Third Ward in the Hill District." After some time, he was put in charge of Newark's "Well Baby Clinic for African Americans." In the mid 1920s, Janifer became a part of the surgical team at Philadelphia's Mercy Hospital.<ref name=doctors />


⚫
==Career==
Dr. Janifer published many articles in the National Medical Association Journal. The information he shared corresponded to his experiences in the Well Baby's Clinic. His intention was to educate African American mothers and care givers on the importance of child hygiene and nutrition. He hoped this would combat high mortality of African American children.<ref name=doctors />
⚫
Before the war, Dr. Janifer practiced in Newark as a pediatrician. In 1916, he joined the [[National Medical Association]], and he was the first African American member of the Medical Society of New Jersey.


⚫
Following the war, he worked for the [[Newark Health Department]] in various part-time positions. For much of his career, Janifer worked in an extremely poor, segregated slum known as, the "old Third Ward in the Hill District." After some time, he was put in charge of Newark's Well Baby Clinic for African Americans.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Clarence Sumner Janifer Sr., M.D. 1915 (1886 –1950)|url=http://www.nymc.edu/school-of-medicine-som/som-alumni-profiles/alumni-in-memorium/clarence-sumner-janifer/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-17|website=New York Medical College|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709180948/https://www.nymc.edu/school-of-medicine-som/som-alumni-profiles/alumni-in-memorium/clarence-sumner-janifer/ |archive-date=2019-07-09 }}</ref> In the mid-1920s, Janifer became a part of the surgical team at Philadelphia's Mercy Hospital.<ref name=doctors />
⚫
In 1946, he was asked to join the Newark City Hospital as a member of the pediatrics department. He was the second African American to be invited. In 1948, Dr. Janifer was one of the 42 distinguished citizens honored in the Hall of Fame of the ''New Jersey Herald Times''.<ref name=doctors />


Dr. Janifer published several articles in the Journal of the National Medical Association, based on his extensive clinical experience at the Well Baby Clinic.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Janifer|first=Clarence S.|date=November 1943|title=The Education of Mothers of Well Babies Through Teaching at the Baby-Keep-Well Stations|journal=Journal of the National Medical Association|volume=35|issue=6|pages=200–202|issn=0027-9684|pmc=2615892|pmid=20893187}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Janifer|first=Clarence S.|date=1931|title=The Negro Infant Mortality Rate and What the Well-Baby Clinics are doing to Lower It|journal=Journal of the National Medical Association|volume=23|issue=4|pages=168–169|issn=0027-9684|pmc=2625129|pmid=20892489}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Janifer|first=Clarence S.|date=1929|title=Some Objective Symptoms of Syphilis in Infants|journal=Journal of the National Medical Association|volume=21|issue=4|pages=156–157|issn=0027-9684|pmc=2624933|pmid=20892335}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Janifer|first=C. S.|date=1924|title=Summer Diarrhoea|journal=Journal of the National Medical Association|volume=16|issue=1|pages=10–13|issn=0027-9684|pmc=2622957|pmid=20892057}}</ref> His intention was to educate African American mothers and care givers on the importance of child hygiene and nutrition. He hoped this would combat high mortality of African American children.<ref name=doctors />
He went on to obtain two [[master's degree]]s in [[public health]].


⚫
In 1946, he was asked to join the Newark City Hospital as a member of the pediatrics department. He was the second African American to be invited, the first being Dr. E. Mae McCarrol. In 1948, Dr. Janifer was one of the 42 distinguished citizens honored in the Hall of Fame of the ''New Jersey Herald Times''.<ref name=doctors /> He went on to obtain two [[master's degree]]s in [[public health]] and practiced medicine in Newark for 35 years until his death.<ref name=doctors />
Dr. Janifer practiced medicine in Newark for 35 years.<ref name=doctors />


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Janifer was married to Una Marie, a former teacher at [[Tuskegee University|Tuskegee Institute]]. They had one son named Clarence Jr., born in the early 1920s.<ref name=doctors />
Janifer was married to Una Marie, a former teacher at [[Tuskegee University|Tuskegee Institute]]. They had one son named Clarence Jr., born in the early 1920s.<ref name=doctors /> He became an oceanographer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cummings|first=Charles F.|date=February 18, 1999|title=Hallowed Names in the Fields of Business, Medicine and Law|url=https://knowingnewark.npl.org/hallowed-names-in-the-fields-of-business-medicine-and-law/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Knowing Newark|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511102426/https://knowingnewark.npl.org/hallowed-names-in-the-fields-of-business-medicine-and-law/ |archive-date=2021-05-11 }}</ref>
Clarence Sr. died of [[carcinoma]] of the prostate<ref name=doctors /> on November 14, 1950 in Newark, New Jersey.
Clarence Sr. died of [[carcinoma]] of the prostate<ref name=doctors /> on November 14, 1950, in Newark, New Jersey. His wife, Una, survived him by 13 years and continued her life as an activist. Before her death in 1963, Una had been credited with the Brotherhood Award from the Newark Human Rights Commission and given a citation from the [[Council Against Intolerance in America]].


==References==
==References==
{{Research help|Mil}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*''Encyclopedia of New Jersey''
*''Encyclopedia of New Jersey''

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Janifer, Clarence Sumner}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Janifer, Clarence Sumner}}
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:African-American military personnel]]
[[Category:African Americans in World War I]]
[[Category:African-American physicians]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American physicians]]
[[Category:American homeopaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American physicians]]
[[Category:American military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:American military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:American military physicians]]
[[Category:United States Army Medical Corps officers]]
[[Category:American pediatricians]]
[[Category:American pediatricians]]
[[Category:New York Medical College alumni]]
[[Category:New York Medical College alumni]]
[[Category:People from Newark, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Physicians from Newark, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)]]
[[Category:American recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)]]
[[Category:African-American United States Army personnel]]

Latest revision as of 07:36, 26 November 2024

Clarence Sumner Janifer Sr.
Born(1886-03-13)March 13, 1886
Virginia
DiedNovember 14, 1950(1950-11-14) (aged 64)
Newark, New Jersey
EducationHomeopathic Medical College of the State of New York (1915)
SpouseUna Marie
ChildrenClarence Janifer Jr.

Clarence Sumner Janifer Sr. (March 13, 1886 – November 14, 1950) was a physician and the first African American member of the Medical Society of New Jersey.

Early life

[edit]

Janifer was born on March 13, 1886, in Virginia. After his mother died, his father, George Sr. moved the family to Newark, New Jersey. George Sr. worked as a school janitor to support his two sons, George and Clarence. The small family were joined by the boys' uncle Joe and housekeeper and all lived in an upper unit of 190 Ridge Street, Newark.[1]

In 1906, Clarence graduated with honors from Newark High School. Afterwards, he attended Syracuse University in New York. He graduated from the Homeopathic Medical College of the State of New York in 1915. Janifer passed the New Jersey board on his first attempt. Janifer returned to Newark and passed the city's clinic physician examination with a 99.09%.[1]

Military service

[edit]

In 1917, Janifer volunteered for service in the army's Medical Reserve Corps. During World War I he was a medical officer, and was assigned to the Third Battalion, 372nd Infantry Regiment Medical Corps of the 93rd Division. It was one of the first American units to arrive in France following the declaration of war. General Pershing did not want to handle the African American troops and turned the unit over to the French, who had requested American reinforcements.

Janifer became an expert in leg amputations as many of the soldiers faced trench related injuries, such as trench foot.

On December 13, 1918, he was awarded the Croix de Guerre for providing first hand relief to wounded and courage under fire.[1]

Career

[edit]

Before the war, Dr. Janifer practiced in Newark as a pediatrician. In 1916, he joined the National Medical Association, and he was the first African American member of the Medical Society of New Jersey.

Following the war, he worked for the Newark Health Department in various part-time positions. For much of his career, Janifer worked in an extremely poor, segregated slum known as, the "old Third Ward in the Hill District." After some time, he was put in charge of Newark's Well Baby Clinic for African Americans.[2] In the mid-1920s, Janifer became a part of the surgical team at Philadelphia's Mercy Hospital.[1]

Dr. Janifer published several articles in the Journal of the National Medical Association, based on his extensive clinical experience at the Well Baby Clinic.[3][4][5][6] His intention was to educate African American mothers and care givers on the importance of child hygiene and nutrition. He hoped this would combat high mortality of African American children.[1]

In 1946, he was asked to join the Newark City Hospital as a member of the pediatrics department. He was the second African American to be invited, the first being Dr. E. Mae McCarrol. In 1948, Dr. Janifer was one of the 42 distinguished citizens honored in the Hall of Fame of the New Jersey Herald Times.[1] He went on to obtain two master's degrees in public health and practiced medicine in Newark for 35 years until his death.[1]

Personal life

[edit]

Janifer was married to Una Marie, a former teacher at Tuskegee Institute. They had one son named Clarence Jr., born in the early 1920s.[1] He became an oceanographer.[7]

Clarence Sr. died of carcinoma of the prostate[1] on November 14, 1950, in Newark, New Jersey. His wife, Una, survived him by 13 years and continued her life as an activist. Before her death in 1963, Una had been credited with the Brotherhood Award from the Newark Human Rights Commission and given a citation from the Council Against Intolerance in America.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Buckley, Joann H.; Fisher, W. Douglas (2016). African American Doctors of World War I: The Lives of 104 Volunteers. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 114–115. ISBN 9781476663159.
  2. ^ "Clarence Sumner Janifer Sr., M.D. 1915 (1886 –1950)". New York Medical College. Archived from the original on 2019-07-09. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  3. ^ Janifer, Clarence S. (November 1943). "The Education of Mothers of Well Babies Through Teaching at the Baby-Keep-Well Stations". Journal of the National Medical Association. 35 (6): 200–202. ISSN 0027-9684. PMC 2615892. PMID 20893187.
  4. ^ Janifer, Clarence S. (1931). "The Negro Infant Mortality Rate and What the Well-Baby Clinics are doing to Lower It". Journal of the National Medical Association. 23 (4): 168–169. ISSN 0027-9684. PMC 2625129. PMID 20892489.
  5. ^ Janifer, Clarence S. (1929). "Some Objective Symptoms of Syphilis in Infants". Journal of the National Medical Association. 21 (4): 156–157. ISSN 0027-9684. PMC 2624933. PMID 20892335.
  6. ^ Janifer, C. S. (1924). "Summer Diarrhoea". Journal of the National Medical Association. 16 (1): 10–13. ISSN 0027-9684. PMC 2622957. PMID 20892057.
  7. ^ Cummings, Charles F. (February 18, 1999). "Hallowed Names in the Fields of Business, Medicine and Law". Knowing Newark. Archived from the original on 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  • Encyclopedia of New Jersey
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