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{{Short description|Spanish, Portuguese term to describe a smaller, higher-pitched version of another instrument}}
The term '''requinto''' is used in both [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] to mean a smaller, higher-pitched version of another instrument. Thus, there are ''requinto'' [[guitar]]s, [[drum]]s, and several [[wind instrument]]s.
The term '''requinto''' is used in both [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] to mean a smaller, higher-pitched version of another instrument. Thus, there are ''requinto'' [[guitar]]s, [[drum]]s, and several [[wind instrument]]s.


==Wind instruments==
==Wind instruments==


''Requinto'' was 19th century Spanish for "little clarinet".<ref>{{cite book|last=Wessely|first=J. E.|author2=Gironés |title=A new pocket dictionary of the English and Spanish languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V7wTAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA212|year=1888|publisher=Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington|page=212}}</ref> Today, the word ''requinto'', when used in relation to a clarinet, refers to the [[E-flat clarinet]], also known as ''requint'' in [[Valencian]] language.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Richard Scott|title=The musical society community bands of Valencia, Spain: a global study of their administration, instrumentation, repertoire and performance activities|series=Alta musica|volume=23|year=2002|publisher=Schneider|isbn=3-7952-1084-4|page=148}}</ref>
''Requinto'' was 19th-century Spanish for "little clarinet".<ref>{{cite book|last=Wessely|first=J. E.|author2=Gironés |title=A new pocket dictionary of the English and Spanish languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V7wTAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA212|year=1888|publisher=Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington|page=212}}</ref> Today, the word ''requinto'', when used in relation to a clarinet, refers to the [[E-flat clarinet]], also known as ''requint'' in [[Valencian language]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Richard Scott|title=The musical society community bands of Valencia, Spain: a global study of their administration, instrumentation, repertoire and performance activities|series=Alta musica|volume=23|year=2002|publisher=Schneider|isbn=3-7952-1084-4|page=148}}</ref>


''Requinto'' can also mean a high-pitched [[flute]] (akin to a [[piccolo]]), or the person who plays it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/requinto|title=meaning of requinto|work=SpanishDict|publisher=Curiosity Media, Inc.|accessdate=17 August 2010}}</ref> In [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], the word may refer to a wooden [[fife]]-like instrument held sideways.
''Requinto'' can also mean a high-pitched [[flute]] (akin to a [[piccolo]]), or the person who plays it.<ref>{{cite web |title=meaning of requinto |url=http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/requinto |access-date=17 August 2010 |work=[[SpanishDict]] |publisher=Curiosity Media, Inc.}}</ref> In [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], the word may refer to a wooden [[fife (instrument)|fife]]-like instrument held sideways.


==Small guitar==
==Small guitar==
[[Image:Tocar requinto.png|thumb|Someone playing a requinto guitar.]]
[[Image:Tocar requinto.png|thumb|A requinto guitar being played.]]
[[File:Guitar and requinto.jpg|thumb|A classical guitar (left) and a requinto guitar (right)]]


{{See also|Requinto Guitar}}
{{See also|Requinto guitar}}


The ''requinto'' guitar has six nylon strings with a scale length of {{convert|530|to|540|mm|in|1}}, which is about 18% smaller than a standard guitar scale.
The ''requinto'' guitar has six nylon strings with a scale length of {{convert|530|to|540|mm|in|1}}, which is about 18% smaller than a standard guitar scale.
''Requintos'' are tuned: A2-D3-G3-C4-E4-A4 (one fourth higher than the standard classical guitar).
''Requintos'' are tuned: A2-D3-G3-C4-E4-A4 (one fourth higher than the standard classical guitar).


It was first introduced in popular music in 1945 by Mexican guitarist/vocalist Alfredo Gil of romantic music trio "[[Los Panchos]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lospanchos.com/alfredo_gil.htm |title=Documento sin título |publisher=Lospanchos.com |date= |accessdate=2015-11-29}}</ref>
It was made popular throughout the 1940s by Mexican guitarist/vocalist Alfredo Gil of romantic music trio "[[Los Panchos]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lospanchos.com/alfredo_gil.htm |title=Documento sin título |publisher=Lospanchos.com |access-date=2015-11-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003324/http://www.lospanchos.com/alfredo_gil.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://desdepuebla.com/2019/09/30/bolero-de-mis-amores-domingo-6-de-octubre-1830-horas-auditorio-explanada/|title="Bolero de mis Amores": domingo 6 de octubre, 18:30 horas, Auditorio Explanada|date=October 1, 2019|language=es}}</ref>
''Requinto'' guitars are also used throughout [[Latin America]].
''Requinto'' guitars are also used throughout [[Latin America]].


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==Other stringed instruments==
==Other stringed instruments==
⚫
===Portuguese violas===

⚫
===Portuguese Violas===

Many Portuguese violas, such as the [[Viola braguesa]], have smaller requinto versions also, called 'requinta'.
Many Portuguese violas, such as the [[Viola braguesa]], have smaller requinto versions also, called 'requinta'.
The Viola Braguesa Requinta is tuned: A4 A3, C5 C4, F5 F4, C#5 C#5, E5 E5. This tuning is a fifth above the standard Viola braguesa.<ref>http://www.guitarrasdeportugal.com/#requinta</ref>
The Viola Braguesa Requinta is tuned: A4 A3, C5 C4, F5 F4, C#5 C#5, E5 E5. This tuning is a fifth above the standard Viola braguesa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guitarrasdeportugal.com/#requinta|title=荆州水果批发有限公司|website=Guitarrasdeportugal.com|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>

⚫
===Puerto Rican Tiples===


⚫
===Puerto Rican tiples===
In Puerto Rico, there are many small instruments called Tiple Requinto. These usually have 3 or 4 strings. See [[Tiple (Puerto Rico)]].
In Puerto Rico, there are many small instruments called Tiple Requinto. These usually have 3 or 4 strings. See [[Tiple (Puerto Rico)]].


===Colombian Tiple Requinto===
===Colombian tiple requinto===

The Colombian Requinto Tiple (or Tiple Colombiano Requinto) is smaller than a standard Tiple Colombiano, and is sometimes shaped more like a violin or Puerto Rican [[Cuatro (Puerto Rico)|cuatro]], or sometimes like a small guitar (smaller than the standard Tiple). It also has 12 strings and is also triple-strung, but the higher pitch means that all of the strings in the courses are tuned to unison. It is tuned D4 D4 D4, G4 G4 G4, B4 B4 B4, E4 E4 E4.
The Colombian Requinto Tiple (or Tiple Colombiano Requinto) is smaller than a standard Tiple Colombiano, and is sometimes shaped more like a violin or Puerto Rican [[Cuatro (Puerto Rico)|cuatro]], or sometimes like a small guitar (smaller than the standard Tiple). It also has 12 strings and is also triple-strung, but the higher pitch means that all of the strings in the courses are tuned to unison. It is tuned D4 D4 D4, G4 G4 G4, B4 B4 B4, E4 E4 E4.


===Guitarro or Guitarrico Aragonés===
===Guitarro or guitarrico aragonés===
⚫
The Guitarro aragonés, from Aragón, Spain, looks like a small guitar. It has 4 or 5 strings and is usually tuned A-D-G-C-E-A . The 4 string is also usually tuned E-C#-A–D

⚫
The Guitarro aragonés, from Aragón, Spain, looks like a small guitar. It has 4 ó 5 strings and is usually tuned A-D-G-C-E-A . The 4 string is also usually tuned E-C#-A–D

⚫
===Requinto Jarocho===


⚫
===Requinto jarocho===
The '''requinto jarocho''' or '''guitarra de son''' is a [[plucked string instrument]], played usually with a special pick. It is a four- or five-stringed instrument that has originated from [[Veracruz]], Mexico.
The '''requinto jarocho''' or '''guitarra de son''' is a [[plucked string instrument]], played usually with a special pick. It is a four- or five-stringed instrument that has originated from [[Veracruz]], Mexico.


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==Small drum==
==Small drum==
⚫
The ''requinto'' drum is used in the [[music of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] folk genre ''[[plena]]'', wherein it is a small conical hand drum that improvises over the other drum rhythms.<ref>{{cite web|title=Puerto Rican Bomba and Plena |work=Smithsonian Global Sound |access-date=March 10, 2007 |url=http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/archives_03.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720162830/http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/archives_03.aspx |archive-date=July 20, 2006 }}</ref>

⚫
The ''requinto'' drum is used in the [[music of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] folk genre ''[[plena]]'', wherein it is a small conical hand drum that improvises over the other drum rhythms.<ref>{{cite web|title=Puerto Rican Bomba and Plena |work=Smithsonian Global Sound |accessdate=March 10, 2007 |url=http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/archives_03.aspx |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720162830/http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/archives_03.aspx |archivedate=July 20, 2006 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
* [[Cavaquinho]]
{{Portal|Guitar}}
⚫
*[[Cavaquinho]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}

<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|E-flat clarinets}}
{{Commons category|Requinto}}
*[http://www.roadtrip-online.com/voyage_mexique/paracho.php Requinto Guitars makers in Paracho, Mexico]
* [http://www.roadtrip-online.com/voyage_mexique/paracho.php Requinto Guitars makers in Paracho, Mexico]
*[http://www.hago.org.uk/guitars/requinto/ The requinto on Hampshire Guitar Orchestra website]
* [http://www.hago.org.uk/guitars/requinto/ The requinto on Hampshire Guitar Orchestra website]


{{guitars}}
{{guitars}}

Latest revision as of 16:58, 3 July 2024

The term requinto is used in both Spanish and Portuguese to mean a smaller, higher-pitched version of another instrument. Thus, there are requinto guitars, drums, and several wind instruments.

Wind instruments

[edit]

Requinto was 19th-century Spanish for "little clarinet".[1] Today, the word requinto, when used in relation to a clarinet, refers to the E-flat clarinet, also known as requint in Valencian language.[2]

Requinto can also mean a high-pitched flute (akin to a piccolo), or the person who plays it.[3] In Galicia, the word may refer to a wooden fife-like instrument held sideways.

Small guitar

[edit]
A requinto guitar being played.
A classical guitar (left) and a requinto guitar (right)
See also: Requinto guitar

The requinto guitar has six nylon strings with a scale length of 530 to 540 millimetres (20.9 to 21.3 in), which is about 18% smaller than a standard guitar scale. Requintos are tuned: A2-D3-G3-C4-E4-A4 (one fourth higher than the standard classical guitar).

It was made popular throughout the 1940s by Mexican guitarist/vocalist Alfredo Gil of romantic music trio "Los Panchos."[4][5] Requinto guitars are also used throughout Latin America.

Requintos made in Mexico have a deeper body than a standard classical guitar (110 millimetres (4.3 in) as opposed to 105 millimetres (4.1 in)). Requintos made in Spain tend to be of the same depth as the standard classical.

Other stringed instruments

[edit]

Portuguese violas

[edit]

Many Portuguese violas, such as the Viola braguesa, have smaller requinto versions also, called 'requinta'. The Viola Braguesa Requinta is tuned: A4 A3, C5 C4, F5 F4, C#5 C#5, E5 E5. This tuning is a fifth above the standard Viola braguesa.[6]

Puerto Rican tiples

[edit]

In Puerto Rico, there are many small instruments called Tiple Requinto. These usually have 3 or 4 strings. See Tiple (Puerto Rico).

Colombian tiple requinto

[edit]

The Colombian Requinto Tiple (or Tiple Colombiano Requinto) is smaller than a standard Tiple Colombiano, and is sometimes shaped more like a violin or Puerto Rican cuatro, or sometimes like a small guitar (smaller than the standard Tiple). It also has 12 strings and is also triple-strung, but the higher pitch means that all of the strings in the courses are tuned to unison. It is tuned D4 D4 D4, G4 G4 G4, B4 B4 B4, E4 E4 E4.

Guitarro or guitarrico aragonés

[edit]

The Guitarro aragonés, from Aragón, Spain, looks like a small guitar. It has 4 or 5 strings and is usually tuned A-D-G-C-E-A . The 4 string is also usually tuned E-C#-A–D

Requinto jarocho

[edit]

The requinto jarocho or guitarra de son is a plucked string instrument, played usually with a special pick. It is a four- or five-stringed instrument that has originated from Veracruz, Mexico.

The requinto is used in conjunto jarocho ensembles. In the absence of the arpa, the requinto typically introduces the melodic theme of the son and then continues by providing a largely improvised counterpoint to the vocal line. See Requinto jarocho.

Small drum

[edit]

The requinto drum is used in the Puerto Rican folk genre plena, wherein it is a small conical hand drum that improvises over the other drum rhythms.[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Wessely, J. E.; Gironés (1888). A new pocket dictionary of the English and Spanish languages. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington. p. 212.
  2. ^ Cohen, Richard Scott (2002). The musical society community bands of Valencia, Spain: a global study of their administration, instrumentation, repertoire and performance activities. Alta musica. Vol. 23. Schneider. p. 148. ISBN 3-7952-1084-4.
  3. ^ "meaning of requinto". SpanishDict. Curiosity Media, Inc. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
  4. ^ "Documento sin título". Lospanchos.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
  5. ^ ""Bolero de mis Amores": domingo 6 de octubre, 18:30 horas, Auditorio Explanada" (in Spanish). October 1, 2019.
  6. ^ "荆州水果批发有限公司". Guitarrasdeportugal.com. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  7. ^ "Puerto Rican Bomba and Plena". Smithsonian Global Sound. Archived from the original on July 20, 2006. Retrieved March 10, 2007.
[edit]
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