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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{about|the bird|the city|Chowchilla, California|other uses}}
{{about|the bird|the city|Chowchilla, California|other uses}}
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2020}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Chowchilla
| name = Chowchilla
| image = Chowchillapair.jpg
| image = Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.146838 1 - Orthonyx spaldingii Ramsay, 1868 - Turdidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg
| image_caption = Pair, Paluma, Queensland
| image_width =
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22704977 |title=''Orthonyx spaldingii'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Orthonyx spaldingii'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T22704977A118670720 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22704977A118670720.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| genus = Orthonyx
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| species = spaldingii
⚫
| authority = [[Edward Pierson Ramsay|Ramsay]], 1868
| classis = [[Aves]]
⚫
| synonyms =
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
}}
| familia = [[Orthonychidae]]
| genus = ''[[Orthonyx]]''
| species = '''''O. spaldingii'''''
| binomial = ''Orthonyx spaldingii''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Edward Pierson Ramsay|Ramsay]], 1868
⚫
| synonyms = }}


The '''chowchilla''' (''Orthonyx spaldingii'') is a [[passerine]] [[bird]] in the family [[Orthonychidae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Australia]].
The '''chowchilla''' ('''''Orthonyx spaldingii''''') is a [[passerine]] [[bird]] in the family [[Orthonychidae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Australia]].


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
In their 1999 study, [[Richard Schodde|Schodde]] and [[Ian J. Mason|Mason]] recognise two adjoining subspecies, ''O. s. spaldingii'' and ''O. s. melasmenus'' with a zone of intergradation.<ref name=Sch99>{{cite book |title=The Directory of Australian Birds : Passerines. A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Atlas of the Biodiversity of Birds in Australia and its Territories. |vauthors=Schodde R, Mason IJ|year=1999 |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |location=Collingwood, Australia |isbn= 0-643-06456-7|pages=x 851 pp.}}</ref>
In their 1999 study, [[Richard Schodde|Schodde]] and [[Ian J. Mason|Mason]] recognise two adjoining subspecies, ''O. s. spaldingii'' and ''O. s. melasmenus'' with a zone of intergradation.<ref name=Sch99>{{cite book |title=The Directory of Australian Birds : Passerines. A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Atlas of the Biodiversity of Birds in Australia and its Territories. |vauthors=Schodde R, Mason IJ|year=1999 |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |location=Collingwood, Australia |isbn= 0-643-06456-7|pages=x 851 pp}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==

Unmistakable thrush-like, ground-dwelling, birds. Males and females largely dark brown with white eye-ring, tail-feather shafts extend as spines beyond feather-vanes; males with white throat, breast and belly; females with bright rufous throat and upper breast, white lower breast and belly.
Unmistakable thrush-like, ground-dwelling, birds. Males and females largely dark brown with white eye-ring, tail-feather shafts extend as spines beyond feather-vanes; males with white throat, breast and belly; females with bright rufous throat and upper breast, white lower breast and belly.


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==Behaviour==
==Behaviour==
⚫
[[File:Chowchilla Orthonyx spaldingii (male).JPG|thumb|''Orthonyx spaldingii'' (male)]]


===Diet===
===Diet===
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===Breeding===
===Breeding===
Nests on or near ground, often on ferns, stumps or logs. Builds a bulky, dome-shaped stick-nest with a clutch of one, possibly sometimes two, white eggs.
Nests on or near ground, often on ferns, stumps or logs. Builds a bulky, dome-shaped stick-nest with a clutch of one, possibly sometimes two, white eggs.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Chowchilla.jpg|left|Near Mount Lewis – Australia
⚫
File:Chowchilla Orthonyx spaldingii (male left, female right).JPG|Male (left). female (right)
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* BirdLife International. (2007). Species factsheet: Orthonyx spaldingii. Downloaded from [http://www.birdlife.org] on 9 August 2007
* BirdLife International. (2007). Species factsheet: Orthonyx spaldingii. Downloaded from [https://web.archive.org/web/20130509230344/http://birdlife.org/] on 9 August 2007
* Higgins, P.J.; & Peter, J.M. (eds). (2003). ''Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 6: Pardalotes to Shrike-thrushes''. Oxford University Press: Melbourne. ISBN 0-19-553762-9
* Higgins, P.J.; & Peter, J.M. (eds). (2003). ''Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 6: Pardalotes to Shrike-thrushes''. Oxford University Press: Melbourne. {{ISBN|0-19-553762-9}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/grzimek_birds/Orthonychidae/orthonyx_spaldingii.jpg/view.html Image at ADW]
*[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/grzimek_birds/Orthonychidae/orthonyx_spaldingii.jpg/view.html Image at ADW] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616065053/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/grzimek_birds/Orthonychidae/orthonyx_spaldingii.jpg/view.html |date=16 June 2011 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1315452}}


[[Category:Orthonyx]]
[[Category:Orthonyx]]
[[Category:Birds of Queensland]]
[[Category:Birds of Cape York Peninsula]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of Australia]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of Australia]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1868]]

Latest revision as of 17:22, 25 December 2023

This article is about the bird. For the city, see Chowchilla, California. For other uses, see Chowchilla (disambiguation).

Chowchilla
Pair, Paluma, Queensland
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Orthonychidae
Genus: Orthonyx
Species:
O. spaldingii
Binomial name
Orthonyx spaldingii
Ramsay, 1868

The chowchilla (Orthonyx spaldingii) is a passerine bird in the family Orthonychidae. It is endemic to Australia.

Taxonomy

[edit]

In their 1999 study, Schodde and Mason recognise two adjoining subspecies, O. s. spaldingii and O. s. melasmenus with a zone of intergradation.[2]

Description

[edit]

Unmistakable thrush-like, ground-dwelling, birds. Males and females largely dark brown with white eye-ring, tail-feather shafts extend as spines beyond feather-vanes; males with white throat, breast and belly; females with bright rufous throat and upper breast, white lower breast and belly.

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

The chowchilla is restricted to upland and lowland tropical rainforests of north-eastern Queensland.

Behaviour

[edit]

Diet

[edit]

Mainly invertebrates, but also small vertebrates.

Voice

[edit]

Continuous chattering, singing and other complex vocalisations.

Breeding

[edit]

Nests on or near ground, often on ferns, stumps or logs. Builds a bulky, dome-shaped stick-nest with a clutch of one, possibly sometimes two, white eggs.

[edit]
  • Near Mount Lewis – Australia
    Near Mount Lewis – Australia
  • Male (left). female (right)
    Male (left). female (right)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Orthonyx spaldingii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22704977A118670720. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22704977A118670720.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ Schodde R, Mason IJ (1999). The Directory of Australian Birds : Passerines. A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Atlas of the Biodiversity of Birds in Australia and its Territories. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. pp. x 851 pp. ISBN 0-643-06456-7.
  • BirdLife International. (2007). Species factsheet: Orthonyx spaldingii. Downloaded from [1] on 9 August 2007
  • Higgins, P.J.; & Peter, J.M. (eds). (2003). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 6: Pardalotes to Shrike-thrushes. Oxford University Press: Melbourne. ISBN 0-19-553762-9
[edit]
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