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{{short description|Breton noble and Orthodox and Catholic saint}}
{{for|the commune in France|Josse, Landes}}
{{redirect|Saint Josse|places with the name|Josse (disambiguation)}}


{{copy edit|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
|name=Saint Judoc
|name=Saint Judoc
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|imagesize=
|imagesize=
|caption=A 16th-century portrayal of Saint Judoc by the [[Master of Meßkirch]].
|caption=A 16th-century portrayal of Saint Judoc by the [[Master of Meßkirch]].
|titles=875
|titles=
|birth_date=
|birth_date=
|birth_place=[[Brittany]]
|birth_place=[[Brittany]]
|death_date=668 AD
|death_date=668 AD
|death_place=[[Ponthieu]], [[France]]
|death_place=[[Ponthieu]], France
|feast_day=13 December<br>
|feast_day=13 December<br>9 January (translation)
9 January(translation)
|beatified_date=
|beatified_date=
|beatified_place=
|beatified_place=
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|canonized_place=
|canonized_place=
|canonized_by=
|canonized_by=
|major_shrine=Abbey of [[Saint-Josse]] (''original'')<br>[[New Minster, Winchester]] (''destroyed'')
|major_shrine=
|attributes=pilgrim's staff; a crown at his feet
|attributes=pilgrim's staff; a crown at his feet
|patronage=
|patronage=
|issues=
|issues=
|suppressed_date=
|suppressed_date=
|venerated_in=[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<br>[[Roman Catholic Church]]
|venerated_in=[[Catholic Church]],<br>[[Eastern Orthodox Church]] January 22 / January 9. <ref>[https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/ Holy Trinity Orthodox Church]</ref>
}}
}}


'''Saint Judoc''', '''Saint Joyce''', or '''Saint Josse''' ({{lang-la|Iudocus}}; traditionally {{circa}} 600 – 668 AD)<ref>Alban Butler, (Michael Walsh, ed.) ''Butler's Lives of the Saints'' (1991) ''s.v.'' "December 13: St Judoc, or Josse (AD 688)".</ref> was a seventh-century [[Breton people|Breton]] noble. Though he was never officially [[Canonization|canonized]], Saint Judoc is considered to be a [[saint]].<ref>The Breton [[genealogist]] Fr. Augustin du Paz, (du Paz, ''Histoire généalogique de plusieurs maisons illustres de Bretagne'', Paris, 1619) states that [[Conan I de Rennes, count of Brittany]] had a son Juthael; [[Alban Butler]], following the twelfth-century ''Ecclesiastical History'' (iii) of [[Orderic Vitalis]] ("Beatus Iudocus Iuthail regis Britonum filius et frater Iudicail regis"), states "Judoc was a son of Juthaël, King of [[Armorica]] (Brittany), and brother of that Judicaël who had a cult in the [[Diocese of Quimper]]", whom Orderic would make king of the "Britons" after his father.</ref> Judoc is believed to be the son of [[Saint Judicael|Saint Judicature]], [[Duchy of Brittany|King of Brittany]]. He renounced the crown to become a priest and live alone for the rest of his life<ref>Butler 1991 gives "Runiacum"</ref> in the coastal forest near the mouth of the [[Canche|River Cache]].
Saint '''Judoc''', otherwise known as '''Jodoc''', '''Joyce''' or '''Josse''' ({{langx|la|Iudocus}}; traditionally {{circa}} 600 – 668 AD)<ref name=butler>Alban Butler, (Michael Walsh, ed.) ''Butler's Lives of the Saints'' (1991) ''s.v.'' "December 13: St Judoc, or Josse (AD 688)".</ref> was a seventh-century [[Breton people|Breton]] noble considered to be a [[saint]].<ref>The Breton [[genealogist]] Fr. Augustin du Paz, (du Paz, ''Histoire généalogique de plusieurs maisons illustres de Bretagne'', Paris, 1619) states that Conan I de Rennes, count of Brittany had a son Juthael; [[Alban Butler]], following the twelfth-century ''Ecclesiastical History'' (iii) of [[Orderic Vitalis]] ("Beatus Iudocus Iuthail regis Britonum filius et frater Iudicail regis"), states "Judoc was a son of Juthaël, King of [[Armorica]] (Brittany), and brother of that Judicaël who had a cult in the [[Diocese of Quimper]]", whom Orderic would make king of the "Britons" after his father.</ref> Judoc was a son of [[Saint Judicael|Juthael]], [[Duchy of Brittany|King of Brittany]]. He renounced his wealth and position to become a priest and lived alone for the rest of his lifetime<ref>Butler 1991 gives "Runiacum"</ref> in the coastal forest near the mouth of the [[Canche|River Canche]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==


The name Judoc, meaning "Lord", is the 14th century Breton version of ''Iudocus'' in [[Latin]], ''Josse'' in [[French language|French]], ''Jost,'' ''Joost,'' or ''Joos'' in [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and ''Joyce'' in English. The name Judoc was rarely used after the 14th century except in the [[Netherlands]].
The name Judoc, meaning "Lord", is the 14th century Breton version of ''Iudocus'' in [[Latin]], ''Josse'' in French, ''Jost,'' ''Joost,'' or ''Joos'' in [[Dutch language|Dutch]], and ''Joyce'' in English. The name Judoc was rarely used after the 14th century except in the Netherlands.

==Ancestors==

Saint Judoc's ancestors include Saint Patrick, Saint Cylinnus, Blessed Bran, and Anna of Arimathea. Anna of Arimathea was commonly referred to as the Daughter of Joseph the Israelite because her father was Saint Joseph of Arimathea from the line of Nathan, son of David King of Israel and Judah. King David’s ancestors include the Israelites, Zebulon, Levi, Joseph, and Judah. Her mother's line also goes through Simon, many high priests, and Judah the Israelite.


==Biography==
==Biography==


According to tradition, Judoc was the son of [[Saint Judicael]], [[Duchy of Brittany|King of Brittany]], and the brother of [[Alain II Hir]] and Saint [[Winnoc]]. In approximately 636, Judoc renounced his inheritance and wealth and embarked on a pilgrimage to [[Rome]]. He was ordained as a priest during this voyage and subsequently became a hermit in [[Ponthieu]], Saint-Josse-sur-Mer, where he resided until his death. According to ancient [[folklore]], his body was said to be [[Incorruptibility|incorruptible]],<ref>David Hugh Farmer, ''The Oxford Dictionary of Saints'', Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997, p.278.</ref> leaving his followers with the task of continually cutting his hair after death.<ref name=dictionary>{{cite book|last=Farmer|first=David Hugh|title=The Oxford dictionary of saints|year=1997|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=Oxford [u.a.]|isbn=9780192800589|pages=278|edition=4th}}</ref>
According to tradition, Judoc was the son of Juthael, [[Duchy of Brittany|King of Brittany]], and the brother of [[Saint Judicael]] and [[Winnoc|Saint Winnoc]].<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gBl2BwAAQBAJ&q=saint+juthael&pg=PT8235|chapter=5103|first=Alban|last=Butler|title=The Lives of the Saints: Complete Edition|publisher=Catholic Way Publishing|year=1996|isbn=9781783794102}}</ref> In approximately 636, Judoc renounced his inheritance and wealth and embarked on a pilgrimage to Rome. He was ordained as a priest during this journey and became chaplain to the lord of [[Ponthieu]]. After seven years, Judoc became a hermit at a place later called [[Saint-Josse|Saint-Josse-sur-Mer]], where he resided until his death.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Sw3WvtInT6QC&dq=Judoc&pg=PA477 Ordericus Vitalis. "The Legend of St. Judoc", ''The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy'', Vol. 1, H.G. Bohn, 1853, p. 472]</ref> According to ancient [[folklore]], his body was said to be [[Incorruptibility|incorruptible]], leaving his followers with the task of continually cutting his hair after death.<ref name=dictionary>{{cite book|last=Farmer|first=David Hugh|title=The Oxford dictionary of saints|year=1997|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=Oxford [u.a.]|isbn=9780192800589|pages=278|edition=4th}}</ref>


==Veneration==
==Veneration==
[[File:Ravensburg St Christina Hl Jodokus.jpg|thumb|left|St. Judoc, as depicted in the Church of St. Christina in [[Ravensburg]].]]
[[File:Ravensburg St Christina Hl Jodokus.jpg|thumb|left|St. Judoc, as depicted in the Church of St. Christina in [[Ravensburg]].]]
Saint Judoc developed a local ''[[cult (religious practice)|cultus]]''. Built in the eighth century at the place where Judoc's [[shrine]] was kept, the [[Saint-Josse|Abbey of Saint-Josse]] was a small [[monastery]] situated on the site of his retreat. In 903, some monks of the abbey fled the [[Normans|Norman raiders]] for England, where they bore Judoc's relics. Under the tradition of the [[New Minster, Winchester|New Minster of Hyde in Winchester]] (founded 901), the relics were translated by [[Saint Grimbald]]. In honor the event, feasts were held on the 9th of January,<ref>Butler 1991.</ref> and were reportedly organized according to [[cathedral]] rank.<ref name=dictionary />
Saint Judoc developed a local ''[[cult (religious practice)|cultus]]''. Built in the eighth century at the place where Judoc's [[shrine]] was kept, the [[Saint-Josse|Abbey of Saint-Josse]] was a small [[monastery]] situated on the site of his retreat. In 903, some monks of the abbey fled [[Normans|Norman raiders]] for England, where they bore Judoc's relics, which were enshrined in the newly built [[New Minster, Winchester|New Minster]] in [[Winchester]].<ref name=dictionary/> To honor the event, feasts were held on 9 January.<ref name=butler/>


The [[veneration]] of Saint-Josse spread from France through the [[Low Countries]], [[England]], [[Germany]], and [[Scandinavia]]. In these regions, variations of ''Josse, Joyce, Joos, [[Joost (name)|Joost]]'', and the diminutive ''Jocelyn'',<ref>[[Chaucer]]'s [[Wife of Bath]] swears "by God and by Saint Joce"</ref> became popular names for both men and women, and a number of chapels and churches were dedicated to him.<ref>{{Citation needed|date=June 2016}}</ref>
The [[veneration]] of Judoc spread from France through the [[Low Countries]], England, Germany, and Scandinavia. In these regions, variations of ''Josse, Joyce, Joos, [[Joost (name)|Joost]]'', and the diminutive ''Jocelyn'',<ref>[[Chaucer]]'s [[Wife of Bath]] swears "by God and by Saint Joce"</ref> became popular names for both men and women, and a number of chapels and churches were dedicated to him.


The ''mal Saint-Josse'' was the term for an illness resulting from a [[snakebite]], against which the saint's name was invoked by the fifteenth-century French poet [[Eustache Deschamps]] in an [[Imprecatory Psalms|imprecatory]] [[ballade (forme fixe)|ballade]]:<ref>S.V. Spilsbury, "The imprecatory ballad: a fifteenth-century poetic genre", ''French Studies'' '''33'''.4 (1979:385-396).</ref> "...Du mau saint Leu, de l'esvertin, Du saint Josse et saint Matelin... soit maistre Mahieu confondus!".<ref>Among a host of ills wished upon Master Matthew, Eustache wishes "the ill of Saint Leu, a spell of madness, those of Saint Josse and Saint Matelin..." (Eustache Deschamps, ''Oeuvres complètes'' DCCCVI ((Paris 1884) vol. 4, p. 321).</ref> According to [[Alban Butler]], [[Charlemagne]] gave the abbey to [[Alcuin]] who turned it into a hostel for those crossing the [[English Channel]]. It later became a site of pilgrimage, especially popular with [[Flemish]] and Germans in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
The ''mal Saint-Josse'' was the term for an illness resulting from a snakebite, against which the saint's name was invoked by the fifteenth-century French poet [[Eustache Deschamps]] in an [[Imprecatory Psalms|imprecatory]] [[ballade (forme fixe)|ballade]]:<ref>S.V. Spilsbury, "The imprecatory ballad: a fifteenth-century poetic genre", ''French Studies'' '''33'''.4 (1979:385-396).</ref> "...Du mau saint Leu, de l'esvertin, Du saint Josse et saint Matelin... soit maistre Mahieu confondus!".<ref>Among a host of ills wished upon Master Matthew, Eustache wishes "the ill of Saint Leu, a spell of madness, those of Saint Josse and Saint Matelin..." (Eustache Deschamps, ''Oeuvres complètes'' DCCCVI ((Paris 1884) vol. 4, p. 321).</ref> According to [[Alban Butler]], [[Charlemagne]] gave the abbey to [[Alcuin]] who turned it into a hostel for those crossing the [[English Channel]]. It later became a site of pilgrimage, especially popular with [[Flemings]] and Germans in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.


''La vie de Saint Josse'' was written in [[Old French]] verses by the learned and competent poet and translator, Pierre de Beauvais, in the thirteenth century.<ref>Pierre de Beauvais, Nils-Olof Jönsson, tr. ''La vie de Saint Germer et la vie de Saint Josse de Pierre de Beauvais: Deux poèmes du XIIIe siècle'' (University of Lund) 1997. Jönsson's introductory notes offer good introductions both to Saint Judoc and Pierre de Beauvais.</ref>
''La vie de Saint Josse'' was written in [[Old French]] verses by the poet and translator Pierre de Beauvais in the thirteenth century.<ref>Pierre de Beauvais, Nils-Olof Jönsson, tr. ''La vie de Saint Germer et la vie de Saint Josse de Pierre de Beauvais: Deux poèmes du XIIIe siècle'' (University of Lund) 1997. Jönsson's introductory notes offer good introductions both to Saint Judoc and Pierre de Beauvais.</ref>


The [[Suaire de St-Josse]], or "Shroud of Saint Judoc," is a rich, silk [[samite]] saddle cloth woven in northeastern [[Iran]] prior to 961. When Saint Judoc was reinterred in 1134, the shroud was used to wrap his bones.<ref>M. Bernus, H. Marchal, and G. Vial, "Le Suaire de St-Josse", ''Bulletin de Liaison du Centre International d'Études des Textiles Anciens'' '''33''' (1971:1-57).</ref> Musée de Louvre currently houses his shroud.
The [[Suaire de St-Josse]], or "Shroud of Saint Judoc," is a rich, silk [[samite]] saddlecloth that was woven in northeastern [[Iran]] prior to 961. When Saint Judoc was reinterred in 1134, the shroud was used to wrap his bones.<ref>M. Bernus, H. Marchal, and G. Vial, "Le Suaire de St-Josse", ''Bulletin de Liaison du Centre International d'Études des Textiles Anciens'' '''33''' (1971:1-57).</ref> The [[Louvre|Louvre Museum]] currently houses his shroud.


The [[abbey]] was closed in 1772, and subsequently sold and dismantled in 1789, leaving no traces of the monumental buildings. The abbey church then became the parish church of the [[French commune]] of [[Saint-Josse]].
The [[abbey]] was closed in 1772, and subsequently sold and dismantled in 1789, leaving no traces of the buildings. The abbey church then became the parish church of the [[French commune]] of [[Saint-Josse]]. In the village church (dedicated to St. Peter) is the shrine of Saint Josse, containing his relics.


==Cultural depictions==
==Cultural depictions==


Cultural depictions usually portray St. Judoc holding the pilgrim's staff. He is also shown with a crown at his feet, referring to his renunciation of his lands and fortune. In Austria, there is a depiction of St. Judoc on the [[mausoleum]] of Maximilian at [[Innsbruck]]. St. Judoc was most famously mentioned by [[Chaucer]]'s [[Wife of Bath]], who swears "by God and by Seint Joce [Saint Joyce]." This suggests that his name was often [[Invocation|invoked]] in oaths.<ref name=dictionary />
Cultural depictions usually portray Judoc holding the pilgrim's staff. He is also shown with a crown at his feet, referring to his renunciation of his lands and fortune. In Austria, there is a depiction of Judoc on the [[mausoleum]] of Maximilian in [[Innsbruck]]. Judoc was most famously mentioned by [[Chaucer]]'s [[Wife of Bath]], who swears "by God and by Seint Joce [Saint Joyce]." This suggests that his name was often [[Invocation|invoked]] in oaths.<ref name=dictionary />


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Saints}}
{{Portal|Saints}}
*[[List of Catholic saints]]
*[[Incorruptibility]]
*[[Joyce (name)]]
*[[Joyce (name)]]


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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Judoc}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Judoc}}
[[Category:600 births]]
[[Category:600 births]]
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[[Category:French Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:French Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:7th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:7th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:7th-century Breton people]]

Latest revision as of 09:37, 25 October 2024

"Saint Josse" redirects here. For places with the name, see Josse (disambiguation).
Saint Judoc
A 16th-century portrayal of Saint Judoc by the Master of Meßkirch.
BornBrittany
Died668 AD
Ponthieu, France
Venerated inCatholic Church,
Eastern Orthodox Church January 22 / January 9. [1]
Major shrineAbbey of Saint-Josse (original)
New Minster, Winchester (destroyed)
Feast13 December
9 January (translation)
Attributespilgrim's staff; a crown at his feet

Saint Judoc, otherwise known as Jodoc, Joyce or Josse (Latin: Iudocus; traditionally c. 600 – 668 AD)[2] was a seventh-century Breton noble considered to be a saint.[3] Judoc was a son of Juthael, King of Brittany. He renounced his wealth and position to become a priest and lived alone for the rest of his lifetime[4] in the coastal forest near the mouth of the River Canche.

Etymology

[edit]

The name Judoc, meaning "Lord", is the 14th century Breton version of Iudocus in Latin, Josse in French, Jost, Joost, or Joos in Dutch, and Joyce in English. The name Judoc was rarely used after the 14th century except in the Netherlands.

Biography

[edit]

According to tradition, Judoc was the son of Juthael, King of Brittany, and the brother of Saint Judicael and Saint Winnoc.[5] In approximately 636, Judoc renounced his inheritance and wealth and embarked on a pilgrimage to Rome. He was ordained as a priest during this journey and became chaplain to the lord of Ponthieu. After seven years, Judoc became a hermit at a place later called Saint-Josse-sur-Mer, where he resided until his death.[6] According to ancient folklore, his body was said to be incorruptible, leaving his followers with the task of continually cutting his hair after death.[7]

Veneration

[edit]
St. Judoc, as depicted in the Church of St. Christina in Ravensburg.

Saint Judoc developed a local cultus. Built in the eighth century at the place where Judoc's shrine was kept, the Abbey of Saint-Josse was a small monastery situated on the site of his retreat. In 903, some monks of the abbey fled Norman raiders for England, where they bore Judoc's relics, which were enshrined in the newly built New Minster in Winchester.[7] To honor the event, feasts were held on 9 January.[2]

The veneration of Judoc spread from France through the Low Countries, England, Germany, and Scandinavia. In these regions, variations of Josse, Joyce, Joos, Joost, and the diminutive Jocelyn,[8] became popular names for both men and women, and a number of chapels and churches were dedicated to him.

The mal Saint-Josse was the term for an illness resulting from a snakebite, against which the saint's name was invoked by the fifteenth-century French poet Eustache Deschamps in an imprecatory ballade:[9] "...Du mau saint Leu, de l'esvertin, Du saint Josse et saint Matelin... soit maistre Mahieu confondus!".[10] According to Alban Butler, Charlemagne gave the abbey to Alcuin who turned it into a hostel for those crossing the English Channel. It later became a site of pilgrimage, especially popular with Flemings and Germans in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

La vie de Saint Josse was written in Old French verses by the poet and translator Pierre de Beauvais in the thirteenth century.[11]

The Suaire de St-Josse, or "Shroud of Saint Judoc," is a rich, silk samite saddlecloth that was woven in northeastern Iran prior to 961. When Saint Judoc was reinterred in 1134, the shroud was used to wrap his bones.[12] The Louvre Museum currently houses his shroud.

The abbey was closed in 1772, and subsequently sold and dismantled in 1789, leaving no traces of the buildings. The abbey church then became the parish church of the French commune of Saint-Josse. In the village church (dedicated to St. Peter) is the shrine of Saint Josse, containing his relics.

Cultural depictions

[edit]

Cultural depictions usually portray Judoc holding the pilgrim's staff. He is also shown with a crown at his feet, referring to his renunciation of his lands and fortune. In Austria, there is a depiction of Judoc on the mausoleum of Maximilian in Innsbruck. Judoc was most famously mentioned by Chaucer's Wife of Bath, who swears "by God and by Seint Joce [Saint Joyce]." This suggests that his name was often invoked in oaths.[7]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Holy Trinity Orthodox Church
  2. ^ a b Alban Butler, (Michael Walsh, ed.) Butler's Lives of the Saints (1991) s.v. "December 13: St Judoc, or Josse (AD 688)".
  3. ^ The Breton genealogist Fr. Augustin du Paz, (du Paz, Histoire généalogique de plusieurs maisons illustres de Bretagne, Paris, 1619) states that Conan I de Rennes, count of Brittany had a son Juthael; Alban Butler, following the twelfth-century Ecclesiastical History (iii) of Orderic Vitalis ("Beatus Iudocus Iuthail regis Britonum filius et frater Iudicail regis"), states "Judoc was a son of Juthaël, King of Armorica (Brittany), and brother of that Judicaël who had a cult in the Diocese of Quimper", whom Orderic would make king of the "Britons" after his father.
  4. ^ Butler 1991 gives "Runiacum"
  5. ^ Butler, Alban (1996). "5103". The Lives of the Saints: Complete Edition. Catholic Way Publishing. ISBN 9781783794102.
  6. ^ Ordericus Vitalis. "The Legend of St. Judoc", The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Vol. 1, H.G. Bohn, 1853, p. 472
  7. ^ a b c Farmer, David Hugh (1997). The Oxford dictionary of saints (4th ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 278. ISBN 9780192800589.
  8. ^ Chaucer's Wife of Bath swears "by God and by Saint Joce"
  9. ^ S.V. Spilsbury, "The imprecatory ballad: a fifteenth-century poetic genre", French Studies 33.4 (1979:385-396).
  10. ^ Among a host of ills wished upon Master Matthew, Eustache wishes "the ill of Saint Leu, a spell of madness, those of Saint Josse and Saint Matelin..." (Eustache Deschamps, Oeuvres complètes DCCCVI ((Paris 1884) vol. 4, p. 321).
  11. ^ Pierre de Beauvais, Nils-Olof Jönsson, tr. La vie de Saint Germer et la vie de Saint Josse de Pierre de Beauvais: Deux poèmes du XIIIe siècle (University of Lund) 1997. Jönsson's introductory notes offer good introductions both to Saint Judoc and Pierre de Beauvais.
  12. ^ M. Bernus, H. Marchal, and G. Vial, "Le Suaire de St-Josse", Bulletin de Liaison du Centre International d'Études des Textiles Anciens 33 (1971:1-57).
[edit]
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