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{{Short description|A Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{for|the Hindustani raga of the same name|Amritvarshini (raga)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Infobox ragam
'''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi''' is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāgam, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes).
| name = Amritavarshini
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|G3|M2|P|N3|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N3|P|M2|G3|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}


It is a common [[pentatonic scale]] of Carnatic music and is believed to produce rain. It is said that the Carnatic composer [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] brought rain at [[Ettayapuram]], Tamil Nadu, India by singing his composition ''Aanandaamrutakarshini Amrutavarshini''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Rāganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>
'''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi''' is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music), created in the early nineteenth century by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]. It is an ''audava'' rāgam (meaning pentatonic scale) in which only five of the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) are used. It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale), fairly popular in Carnatic music. There is a belief that ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' causes rain ( The name of the [[rāga]]m is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] words Amrita: meaning Nectar and Varshini: meaning one who causes a shower or rain, and hence the association with rain ), and that the Carnatic composer Muthuswami Dikshitar brought rain at [[Ettayapuram]], Tamil Nadu, India by singing his composition, ''Aanandaamrutakarshini amrutavarshini''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Rāganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>


== Structure and Lakshana ==
== Structure and Lakshana ==
[[Image:Amritavarshini scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Amritavarshini'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]
[[Image:Amritavarshini scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Amritavarshini'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]


''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' is a rāgam that does not contain ''rishabham'' or ''dhaivatam''. It is a symmetric pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' ragam<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> in Carnatic music classification – ''audava'' meaning 'of 5'). Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):
''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' is a rāgam that does not contain ''rishabham'' and ''dhaivatam''. It is a symmetric pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' ragam<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> in Carnatic music classification). Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):


*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : S G3 M2 P N3 S
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|G3|M2|P|N3|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : S N3 P M2 G3 S
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N3|P|M2|G3|S|foot=yes}}


The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, panchamam, kakali nishādam'')
The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, panchamam'' and ''kakali nishādam'')


''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi '' is considered a ''janya'' rāgam of ''[[Chitrambari]]'', the 66th ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam, though it can be derived from other melakarta rāgams, ''[[Mechakalyani|Kalyani]]'', ''[[Gamanashrama]]'' or ''[[Vishwambari]]'', by dropping both ''rishabham'' and ''dhaivatam''.
''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi '' is considered a ''janya'' rāgam of ''[[Chitrambari]]'', the 66th ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam, although it can be derived from other melakarta rāgams, such as ''[[Mechakalyani|Kalyani]]'', ''[[Gamanashrama]]'' or ''[[Vishwambari]]'', by dropping both ''rishabham'' and ''dhaivatam''. There is another scale that has the same name but is less practiced in current performances. This scale is associated with the 39th melakarta [[Jhalavarali]].<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" />

There is another scale that has the same name but is less practiced in current performances. This scale is associated with the 39th melakarta [[Jhalavarali]].<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" />


[[File:Amritavarshini.wav|thumb|Arohanam and Arohanam for Amritavarshini with tambura]]
[[File:Amritavarshini.wav|thumb|Arohanam and Arohanam for Amritavarshini with tambura]]


==Popular compositions==
==Popular compositions==
''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' rāgam lends itself for extensive elaboration and exploration due to the symmetric and pentatonic scale. It has many compositions in both classical music and film music.Here are some popular ''[[kriti]]s'' and film music composed in ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi''.
''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' rāgam lends itself for extensive elaboration and exploration due to the symmetric and pentatonic scale. It has many compositions in both classical music and film music. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'' and film music composed in ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi''.
The most popular composition in Amritavarshini Ragam is the kriti [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n53TLiOYG0I Anandamrita Karshini ] by Dikshitar[[Muthuswami_Dikshitar]]
*''Sarasiruhanayane by Thyagaraja(usually said misattributed)
*''Ennai Nee Maravate'' of [[Dandapani Desikar]]
*''Sarasijaasani'' by Muthuswami Dikshitar
*''Sarasiruhanayane'' of Thyagaraja (usually said misattributed)
*''Aanandaamrutakarshini Amritavarshini'' by Muthuswami Dikshitar
*''Sarasijaasani'' of Muthuswami Dikshitar
*''Anni Mantramuli Inde Avahinchenu'' by [[Annamacharya]]
*''Sudhamayee sudhanidi'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Vani Parama Kalyani'' By [[Vadiraja Tirtha]]
*''Eesabeku Iddu'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Aanandaamrutakarshini amritavarshini'' of Muthuswami Dikshitar (The most popular song sung today in Amritavarshini)
*''Aadi Varuvai Guhane'' of Punitasri
*''Siddhi Nayakena'' of [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
*''Sthirata Nahi Nahi Re'' of [[Sadasiva Brahmendra|Sadashiva Brahmendra]]
*''Aadinateppadiyo Nadanam'', anonymous
*''Sudhamayee Sudhanidi'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]


In addition to these, ''Anni Mantramuli Inde Avahinchenu'' of [[Annamacharya]] has been set to music in the ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi''.


== Film Songs ==
The film song" 'Thoongadha Vizhigal Rendu' by [[Ilayaraja]] is set in Amritavarshini.
===Language: [[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
A popular Malayalam film song 'Oru Dalam Mathram' sung by [[K. J. Yesudas]], penned by [[O. N. V. Kurup]] and composed by [[M G Radhakrishnan]] is set in this raga.
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer(s)
|-
|Azhagiya Megangal
|[[Ganga Gowri (1973 film)|Ganga Gowri]]
|rowspan="2"|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Sivagami Ada Vandhaal
|[[Paattum Bharathamum]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Thoongadha Vizhigal Rendu
|[[Agni Natchathiram]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]

|-
|Kaathiruntha Malli Malli
|[[Mallu Vetti Minor]]
|[[P. Susheela]]

|-
|Mazhaikku Oru Devaney
|[[Sri Raghavendrar]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Ippothu Ena Thevai
|[[Makkal Aatchi]]
|Lekha
|-
|Vaanin Devi Varuga
|[[Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam]]
| rowspan="2" |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| Kuthuvilakkaga
| [[Cooliekkaran]]
|[[T. Rajendar]]
|-
|Puthiya Kalai
|[[Sasanam]]
|Balabarathi
|[[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Mella Sirithai
|[[Kalyana Samayal Saadham]]
|[[Navin (music director)|Arrora]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Chinmayi]]
|-
|Naanthana Naanthana
|[[Ninaithale]]
|[[Vijay Antony]]
|[[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Rahul Nambiar]]
|-
|Yennuyire
|[[Annaatthe]]
|rowspan=2|[[D. Imman]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]] (Female Version), [[Sid Sriram]] (Male Version)
|-
|Anney Yaaranney
|[[Udanpirappe]]
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Nee Nee
|[[Anandhapurathu Veedu]]
|Ramesh Krishna
|Vineeth, [[Shweta Mohan]], Rithika, Master Aryan
|}

=== Language: [[Malayalam]] ===

*''Oru dalam matram'' from [[Jaalakam|Jalakam]], composed by [[M G Radhakrishnan]], sung by K.J. Yesudas
*''Manam pon Manam'' from [[Idavelakku Sesham]], composed by [[Raveendran (Music Composer)|Raveendran]], sung by K.J. Yesudas
*''Aashadham padumbol'' from [[Mazha]], composed by Raveendran, sung by K.J. Yesudas
*''Neela lohita hitakarini'' from [[Kaveri (1986 film)|Kaveri]], composed by Ilayaraja, sung by M. Balamuralikrishna
*''Devi ni en pon veena nadam'' from [[Oru Mutham Manimutham|Oru Mutham Mani Mutham]], composed by Raveendran, sung by K.J. Yesudas
*Anupallavi of ''Vilikkatirunnalum virunninettum'' from Ishtamanu Pakshe, composed by [[G. Devarajan]], sung by K.J. Yesudas
*Pallavi of ''Sharatkala megham'' from [[Dhruvasangamam]], composed by Raveendran, sung by K.J. Yesudas
*Parts of charanam in ''Kasturi Gandhikal'' from [[Sethubandhanam (film)|Sethubandhanam]], composed by G. Devarajan, sung by [[Ayiroor Sadasivan]]
*Pallavi of ''Aadi parashakti'' from [[Ponnapuram Kotta]], composed by G. Devarajan, sung by [[P. B. Sreenivas|P.B. Sreenivas]] and [[P. Leela]]

=== Language: [[Kannada]] ===

*''Cheluveya andada mogake'' from [[Devara Gudi]], composed by [[Rajan–Nagendra]], sung by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
*''Naguve snehada haadu'' from [[Mugdha Manava]], composed by [[Vijaya Bhaskar]], sung by S.P. Balasubrahmanyam
*''Chaitrada kusumanjali'' from [[Ananda Bhairavi (film)|Anandabhairavi]], composed by [[Ramesh Naidu]], sung by S.P. Balasubrahmanyam (anupallavi and charanam include other ragas too).
*Charanam of ''Devaru beseda premada hara'' from [[Muthina Haara|Muttina Hara]], composed by [[Hamsalekha]], sung by M. Balamuralikrishna
*''Virahe Thavarihe'' from [[Aavesha]], composed by [[Hamsalekha]], sung by [[S. Janaki]]

=== Language: Telugu ===

*''Aanati neeyara hara'' from [[Swathi Kiranam|Swati Kiranam]], composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan|K.V. Mahadevan]], sung by [[Vani Jairam|Vani Jayaram]]
*''Jeevana vahini'', a ragamalika from [[Gangotri (2003 film)|Gangotri]], composed by [[M. M. Keeravani|M.M. Keeravani]], sung by M.M. Keeravani, Ganga, Kalpana and Srivardhini
*''Kurisenu Virijallule'', from [[Agni Natchathiram|Gharshana (Old)]], composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], sung by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]


==Raga relationships==
==Raga relationships==
===''Graha bhēdham''===
===''Graha bhēdham''===
''Amritavarshini's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 1 popular pentatonic rāgam, [[Karnataka Shuddha Saveri]]. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Amritavarshini|Graha bhedam on Amr̥tavarṣiṇi ]]''.
''Amritavarshini's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 1 popular pentatonic rāgam, [[Karnataka Shuddha Saveri]]. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Amritavarshini|Graha bhedam on Amr̥tavarṣiṇi]]''.


===Scale similarities===
===Scale similarities===
Line 44: Line 165:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Rāgam !! ''Śruti''<br />Tonic !! C!! !! D!! !! E!! F!! !! G!! !! A!! !! B!! C
! Rāgam !! ''Śruti''<br />Tonic !! C!! !! D!! !! E!! F!! !! G !! !! A!! !! B!! C
|-
|-
| ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' || C || S || || || || G3 || || '''M2''' || P || || || || N3 || S'
| ''Amr̥tavarṣiṇi'' || C || {{svaraC|S}} || || || || {{svaraC|G3}} || || '''{{svaraC|M2}}''' || {{svaraC|P}} || || || || {{svaraC|N3}} || {{svaraC|S'}}
|-
|-
| ''[[Hamsadhvani]]'' || C || S || || '''R2''' || || G3 || || || P || || || || N3 || S'
| ''[[Hamsadhvani]]'' || C || {{svaraC|S}} || || '''{{svaraC|R2}}''' || || {{svaraC|G3}} || || || {{svaraC|P}} || || || || {{svaraC|N3}} || {{svaraC|S'}}
|-
|-
| ''[[Gambhiranata]]'' || C
| ''[[Gambhiranata]]'' || C
|width="25px"| S
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|S}}
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="25px"| G3
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|G3}}
|width="25px"| '''M1'''
|width="25px"| '''{{svaraC|M1}}'''
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="25px"| P
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|P}}
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="15px"|
|width="25px"| N3
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|N3}}
|width="25px"| S'
|width="25px"| {{svaraC|S'}}
|}
|}
</div>
</div>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Indian classical music}}
{{Portal|India|Music}}
* [[List of Film Songs based on Ragas]]
* [[List of film songs based on ragas]]

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 76: Line 200:
{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Janya Ragas]]
[[Category:Carnatic Ragas]]
[[Category:Janya ragas]]
[[Category:Carnatic ragas]]

Latest revision as of 14:11, 23 November 2024

For the Hindustani raga of the same name, see Amritvarshini (raga).

Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇā
Veṇu
Nādasvaraṃ
Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghaṭaṃ
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box
Amritavarshini
ArohanamS G₃ M₂ P N₃ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₃ P M₂ G₃ S

Amr̥tavarṣiṇi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music), created in the early nineteenth century by Muthuswami Dikshitar. It is an audava rāgam (meaning pentatonic scale) in which only five of the seven swaras (musical notes) are used. It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), fairly popular in Carnatic music. There is a belief that Amr̥tavarṣiṇi causes rain ( The name of the rāgam is derived from the Sanskrit words Amrita: meaning Nectar and Varshini: meaning one who causes a shower or rain, and hence the association with rain ), and that the Carnatic composer Muthuswami Dikshitar brought rain at Ettayapuram, Tamil Nadu, India by singing his composition, Aanandaamrutakarshini amrutavarshini.[1][2]

Structure and Lakshana

[edit]
Amritavarshini scale with shadjam at C

Amr̥tavarṣiṇi is a rāgam that does not contain rishabham and dhaivatam. It is a symmetric pentatonic scale (audava-audava ragam[1][2] in Carnatic music classification). Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, panchamam and kakali nishādam)

Amr̥tavarṣiṇi is considered a janya rāgam of Chitrambari, the 66th Melakarta rāgam, although it can be derived from other melakarta rāgams, such as Kalyani, Gamanashrama or Vishwambari, by dropping both rishabham and dhaivatam. There is another scale that has the same name but is less practiced in current performances. This scale is associated with the 39th melakarta Jhalavarali.[1][2]

Arohanam and Arohanam for Amritavarshini with tambura
[edit]

Amr̥tavarṣiṇi rāgam lends itself for extensive elaboration and exploration due to the symmetric and pentatonic scale. It has many compositions in both classical music and film music. Here are some popular kritis and film music composed in Amr̥tavarṣiṇi. The most popular composition in Amritavarshini Ragam is the kriti Anandamrita Karshini by DikshitarMuthuswami_Dikshitar

In addition to these, Anni Mantramuli Inde Avahinchenu of Annamacharya has been set to music in the Amr̥tavarṣiṇi.

Film Songs

[edit]

Language: Tamil

[edit]
Song Movie Composer Singer(s)
Azhagiya Megangal Ganga Gowri M. S. Viswanathan S. Janaki
Sivagami Ada Vandhaal Paattum Bharathamum T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Thoongadha Vizhigal Rendu Agni Natchathiram Ilaiyaraaja K.J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Kaathiruntha Malli Malli Mallu Vetti Minor P. Susheela
Mazhaikku Oru Devaney Sri Raghavendrar K. J. Yesudas
Ippothu Ena Thevai Makkal Aatchi Lekha
Vaanin Devi Varuga Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Kuthuvilakkaga Cooliekkaran T. Rajendar
Puthiya Kalai Sasanam Balabarathi K.S. Chitra
Mella Sirithai Kalyana Samayal Saadham Arrora Haricharan, Chinmayi
Naanthana Naanthana Ninaithale Vijay Antony Sadhana Sargam, Rahul Nambiar
Yennuyire Annaatthe D. Imman K. S. Chithra (Female Version), Sid Sriram (Male Version)
Anney Yaaranney Udanpirappe Shreya Ghoshal
Nee Nee Anandhapurathu Veedu Ramesh Krishna Vineeth, Shweta Mohan, Rithika, Master Aryan

Language: Malayalam

[edit]

Language: Kannada

[edit]

Language: Telugu

[edit]

Raga relationships

[edit]

Graha bhēdham

[edit]

Amritavarshini's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 1 popular pentatonic rāgam, Karnataka Shuddha Saveri. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer Graha bhedam on Amr̥tavarṣiṇi.

Scale similarities

[edit]
  • Hamsadhvani is a rāgam which has chatushruti rishabham in place of the prati madhyamam. See table below for more details
  • Gambhiranata is a rāgam which has shuddha madhyamam in place of the prati madhyamam. See table below for more details
Rāgam Śruti
Tonic		 C D E F G A B C
Amr̥tavarṣiṇi C S G₃ M₂ P N₃ Ṡ
Hamsadhvani C S R₂ G₃ P N₃ Ṡ
Gambhiranata C S G₃ M₁ P N₃ Ṡ

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S G M̄ P N Ṡ
    • Western: C E F♯ G B C
  2. ^ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ N P M̄ G S
    • Western: C B G F♯ E C

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  2. ^ a b c Rāganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
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