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{{short description|American developer, manufacturer and supplier of industrial products}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2018}}
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{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=June 2014}}
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{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
|name = Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation
| name = Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation
|logo = [[File:Federal-Mogul Logo.svg|225px]]
| logo = Federal-Mogul Logo.svg
| logo_size = 225px
|type = [[Public company|Public]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| traded_as = {{NASDAQ|FDML}}
| traded_as = {{NASDAQ was|FDML}}
|foundation = {{start date and age|1899}}<br />as the Muzzy-Lyon Company
| foundation = {{start date and age|1899}} (as the Muzzy-Lyon Company)
|location = [[Southfield, Michigan]], United States
| location = [[Southfield, Michigan]], United States
|key_people = [[Carl Icahn]], Chairman of the Board<br> ''Rainer Jückstock'', CEO, Federal-Mogul Powertrain<br>''[[Daniel A. Ninivaggi]]'', CEO, Federal-Mogul Motorparts
| key_people = {{ubl
| num_employees = 48,600 (December 31, 2014)
|[[Carl Icahn]] ([[chairman]] of the board)
| industry = [[Auto parts|Automotive, Energy, Industrial and Transport powertrain and vehicle safety products]]
|Rainer Jückstock ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], Federal-Mogul Powertrain)
|products = Pistons, Rings, Pins, Liners, Valve Seats and Guides, Ignition, Bearings, Bushings, Heatshields, Sealing, Systems Protection, Transmission, Brake, Chassis, Wiper products
|Brad Norton (CEO, Federal-Mogul Motorparts)
|revenue = {{Increase}} US$7.317 billion (2014)<ref name=10k>{{cite web|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97066&p=irol-sec#9956401%7ctitle=FederalMogulCorporation_10K_20150227%7cpublisher=Federal-Mogul-Corporation|title=Federal-Mogul - Investors - SEC Filings|work=corporate-ir.net}}</ref>
}}
|net_income = {{Decrease}} US$168 million) (2014)<ref name=10k/>
| parent = [[Tenneco]]
|assets = {{Decrease}} US$7.067 billion (2014)<ref name=10k/>
| num_employees = 48,600 (December 31, 2014)
|equity = {{Decrease}} US$806 million (2014)<ref name=10k/>
| industry = [[Auto parts]]
|homepage = [http://www.federalmogul.com/ www.federalmogul.com]
| products = Pistons, rings, pins, liners, valve seats and guides, ignition, bearings, bushings, heat shields, sealing, systems protection, transmission, brake, chassis, wiper products
| revenue = {{Increase}} US$7.317&nbsp;billion (2014)<ref name=10k>{{cite web|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97066&p=irol-sec#9956401%7ctitle=FederalMogulCorporation_10K_20150227%7cpublisher=Federal-Mogul-Corporation|title=Federal-Mogul – Investors – SEC Filings|work=corporate-ir.net}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| net_income = {{Decrease}} US$168&nbsp;million) (2014)<ref name=10k/>
| assets = {{Decrease}} US$7.067&nbsp;billion (2014)<ref name=10k/>
| equity = {{Decrease}} US$806&nbsp;million (2014)<ref name=10k/>
| homepage = [http://www.federalmogul.com/ www.federalmogul.com]
}}
}}
'''Federal-Mogul Corporation''' is an American developer, manufacturer and supplier of powertrain components and vehicle safety products. The company’s products are used by [[original equipment manufacturer]]s around the globe, as well as servicers of automotive, commercial, aerospace, marine, rail and off-road vehicles; and industrial, agricultural and power-generation equipment.<ref name="reuters">{{cite web|title=FEDERAL-MOGUL TO PRESENT INNOVATIVE RANGE OF EFFICIENCY-ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES AT THE 2012 IAA COMMERCIAL VEHICLE SHOW IN SEPTEMBER|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/02/idUS180405+02-Aug-2012+HUG20120802|work=Reuters|accessdate=2 August 2012}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2014}}

Federal-Mogul operates two independent business divisions, each with a chief executive officer reporting to Federal-Mogul’s Board of Directors.


'''Federal-Mogul Corporation''' is an American developer, manufacturer, and supplier of products for automotive, commercial, aerospace, marine, rail, and off-road vehicles, as well as industrial, agricultural, and power-generation applications. It was acquired in February 2022 by [[Apollo Global Management]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tenneco.com/tenneco_announces_close_of_federal-mogul_acquisition/|title = 2017 - 2015 News Archive}}</ref>
Federal-Mogul Powertrain designs and manufacturers original equipment powertrain components and system protection products in the United States and internationally, its diversified production line consists of various products, ranging from [[powdered metal]] parts to [[space suit]]s, including [[Main bearing|engine bearings]], [[piston]]s, [[Gudgeon pin|piston pins]], [[piston ring]]s, [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder liners]], [[Poppet valve|valve seats and guides]], [[spark plug]]s, [[ignition coil]]s, [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission products]], [[technical textiles]] and [[connecting rod]]s.<ref name="klier">{{Cite book|title=Who really made your car? Restructuring and geographic change in the auto industry|first1=Thomas H|last1=Klier|first2=James N.|last2=Rubenstein|year=2008|pages=68–69|publisher=[[W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research|W. E. Upjohn Institute]]|location=Kalamazoo, MI|isbn=978-0-88099-333-3}}</ref> Bower Roller Bearing Division was a major supplier of bearings for [[guided missiles|missiles]] and [[aircraft]], and for many other industries — automotive, construction machinery, machine tool and farm equipment.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/Aviation_Week_1960-05-02#page/n7/mode/1up Searing heat, frigid cold torture missile bearings]. // ''Aviation Week & Space Technology'', May 2, 1960, v. 72, no. 18, p. 14.</ref>


Federal-Mogul operated two independent business divisions, '''Federal-Mogul Powertrain''' and '''Federal-Mogul Motor-Parts'''. The two divisions each had their own chief executive officer.
Federal-Mogul Motorparts sells and distributes products under more than 20 brands in the global vehicle aftermarket, including ANCO wiper blades; Bentley-Harris protection solutions; Champion spark plugs, wipers and filters, BERU glow plugs; AE, Fel-Pro, Goetze, Nural, Glyco and Payen engine products; MOOG steering and suspension parts; and Ferodo and Wagner brake products.<ref name=reuters/>


==History==
==History==
===Origins===
The company was founded in [[Detroit]] in 1899 by J. Howard Muzzy and Edward F. Lyon as the Muzzy Lyon Company.<ref name="turner">{{Cite book|title=Vault guide to the top manufacturing employers|first=Tyya N.|last=Turner|year=2005|publisher=Vault Inc|location=New York, NY|isbn=1-58131-324-1|pages=108–112}}</ref> Muzzy and Lyon went into business together producing mill supplies and rubber goods.<ref name="turner"/> In addition, the partners formed a subsidiary called Mogul Metal Company where they launched various bearing innovations.<ref name=klier/><ref name=turner/><ref name="fedmog1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/FoundedonInnovation/|title=1899-1940: Founded on Innovation|work=Federal-Mogul Corporation|year=2011|accessdate=2011-03-06}}</ref> To fit consumer needs, the pair began producing bearings made from their own [[Babbitt (metal)|Babbitt metal]] called "Mogul", an [[alloy]] of [[tin]], [[antimony]] and [[copper]].<ref name=klier/><ref name=turner/><ref name="fedmog1"/> The product was trademarked under “Mogul” and “Duro”.<ref name=klier/><ref name=turner/><ref name="fedmog1"/> In addition to [[Babbitt (metal)|Babbitt]] metal, Muzzy and Lyon were also known for inventing the process of custom die-casting bearings to suit proper size and shape.<ref name=fedmog1/>
Federal-Mogul was founded in 1899 in Detroit by J. Howard Muzzy and Edward F. Lyon as the '''Muzzy-Lyon Company'''.<ref name="turner">{{Cite book|title=Vault guide to the top manufacturing employers|first=Tyya N.|last=Turner|year=2005|publisher=Vault Inc|location=New York, NY|isbn=1-58131-324-1|pages=108–112}}</ref> Muzzy and Lyon went into business together, producing mill supplies and rubber goods.<ref name="turner"/> In addition, the partners formed a subsidiary called the '''Mogul Metal Company,''' where they launched bearing innovations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal mogule goetze training report - [DOCX Document] |url=https://vdocument.in/federal-mogule-goetze-training-report.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=vdocument.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-19 |title=Federal-Mogul Goetze |url=https://www.openbusinesscouncil.org/wiki/federal-mogul-goetze-india |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.openbusinesscouncil.org |language=en}}</ref> Muzzy Lyon began producing bearings made from their own [[Babbitt (metal)|Babbitt metal]] called ''Mogul'', an [[alloy]] of [[tin]], [[antimony]] and copper.<ref name=klier/><ref name=turner/><ref name="fedmog1">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=1899–1940: Founded on Innovation |url=http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/FoundedonInnovation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710233223/http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/FoundedonInnovation/ |archive-date=July 10, 2011 |access-date=2011-03-06 |work=Federal-Mogul Corporation |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The product was trademarked under the names "Mogul" and "Duro".<ref name=klier/><ref name=turner/><ref name="fedmog1"/> In addition to Babbitt metal, Muzzy and Lyon invented a process of custom die-casting bearings.<ref name=fedmog1/>


The Muzzy Lyon Company bearings business proved successful in the early 1900s and became the pair's main concern, with [[Buick]] as one of their earliest customers.<ref name=turner/> The Muzzy Lyon Company later merged with an engine bearings and bushings manufacturing company, Federal Bearings and Bushings Corporation.<ref name=fedmog1/> Federal Bearings & Bushings Co. was founded in 1915 by a group of Detroit businessmen.<ref name=klier/> The company initially consisted of Mogul Metal, and Federal and Bower Roller Bearing Co. but later merged in 1924 to form Federal-Mogul-Bower Bearings, Inc.<ref name=klier/> The combined company manufactured bronze bearings, a product the Muzzy Lyon Company did not supply.<ref name=klier/> To solidify their success, the entire Muzzy Lyon Company merged with Federal Bearings and Bushing in 1924 to become Federal-Mogul Corporation.<ref name=fedmog1/>
The Muzzy-Lyon Company's bearings business proved successful in the early 1900s and became the pair's main concern, with [[Buick]] as one of their earliest customers.<ref name=turner/> In 1924, the Muzzy-Lyon Company and Federal Bearings and Bushing, an engine bearings and bushings manufacturing company founded in 1915 by a group of Detroit businessmen,<ref name=klier/> merged to become the Federal-Mogul Corporation.<ref name=fedmog1/> The combined company also manufactured bronze bearings, a product the Muzzy-Lyon Company had not supplied previously.


The group established a research division with the help of Battelle Memorial Institute in 1929.<ref name=fedmog1/> During the depression, Federal-Mogul Corp. invested in the Equi-Poise propeller division.<ref name=fedmog1/> The company's continued advancements in the propeller industry were recognized in 1941, when Federal-Mogul was named{{by whom|date=April 2013}} the world’s largest manufacturer of motorboat propellers.<ref name=fedmog1/>
Federal Mogul established a research division in 1929, with the help of [[Battelle Memorial Institute]].<ref name=fedmog1/> In 1931, during the [[Great Depression]], Federal-Mogul started its Equi-Poise propeller division.<ref name=fedmog1/>


In 1932, the company developed a new alloy called C-100, the first new bearing material since the discovery of Babbitt metal.<ref name=fedmog1/> The Federal-Mogul Corp. research team revamped the C-100 in 1934 to create a C-50 alloy.<ref name=fedmog1/>
In 1932, the company developed a new alloy called C-100, one of the first new bearing materials since the discovery of Babbitt metal.<ref name=fedmog1/> The Federal-Mogul research team revamped the C-100 in 1934 to create a C-50 alloy.<ref name=fedmog1/>


===Post-WWII expansion===
In 1955, the company acquired National Motor Bearing Company, resulting in a company name change to Federal-Mogul Bower.<ref name="fedmog2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/DiversifyingforSuccess/|title=1941-1956: Diversifying for Success|work=Federal-Mogul Corporation|year=2011|accessdate=2011-03-06}}</ref> In addition to acquiring another company, Federal-Mogul Bower was listed as #350 on the [[Fortune 500]], with total sales of $100 million the following year.<ref name="fortune">{{Cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500_archive/full/1956/301.html|title=1956: Full List|year=2011|accessdate=2011-03-06|work=[[Fortune 500]]}}</ref> To further Federal-Mogul Bower expansion, the company opened business operations in Switzerland.<ref name=fedmog1/> Shortly after, the company opened established their first overseas service center in Antwerp, Belgium in 1962.<ref name="goingglobal">{{cite web|title=1957-1974 Going Global|url=http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/Goingglobal/|work=Federal-Mogul Corporation History|accessdate=13 July 2012}}</ref> Continuing the expansion of products, Federal-Mogul Bower’s Arrowhead division began to manufacture components for NASA’s Saturn launch vehicle in 1963.<ref name=goingglobal/>
In 1955, the company acquired National Motor Bearing Company, and the company name was changed to '''Federal-Mogul Bower'''.<ref name="fedmog2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/DiversifyingforSuccess/|title=1941–1956: Diversifying for Success|work=Federal-Mogul Corporation|year=2011|access-date=2011-03-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518094735/http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/DiversifyingforSuccess/|archive-date=May 18, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>


In the late 1950s, the company opened business operations in Switzerland,<ref name=fedmog1/> and in 1962, the company established an overseas service center in Antwerp, Belgium.<ref name="goingglobal">{{cite web|title=1957–1974 Going Global|url=http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/Goingglobal/|work=Federal-Mogul Corporation History|access-date=July 13, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130123000121/http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/Goingglobal/|archive-date=January 23, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 1963, Federal-Mogul Bower's Arrowhead division manufactured components for NASA's Saturn launch vehicle.<ref name=goingglobal/>
In April 1965, the company was renamed Federal-Mogul Corporation following a merger with Sterling Aluminum Products.<ref name=fedmog2/><ref name="morton">{{Cite book|title=Anti-friction Bearings|first=Hudson T.|last=Morton|year=1965|publisher=Hudson T. Morton|location=Ann Arbor, MI|page=465}}</ref>


In April 1965, Federal-Mogul Bower merged with Sterling Aluminum Products. The combined company was renamed the Federal-Mogul Corporation.<ref name=fedmog2/><ref name="morton">{{Cite book|title=Anti-friction Bearings|first=Hudson T.|last=Morton|year=1965|publisher=Hudson T. Morton|location=Ann Arbor, MI|page=465}}</ref>
In 1966, Federal-Mogul Corporation relocated from downtown Detroit, establishing its corporate headquarters in Southfield, Michigan.<ref name=goingglobal />


In 1966, Federal-Mogul Corporation relocated its corporate headquarters from downtown Detroit to [[Southfield, Michigan]].<ref name=goingglobal />
In 1981, Federal-Mogul Arrowhead parts were implemented in the NASA space shuttle launch.<ref name=goingglobal /> That same year, the company won a claim in the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] to [[patent]] a process for [[Curing (chemistry)|curing]] rubber based on [[Arrhenius equation|the mathematical equation]] written by [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[chemist]] [[Svante Arrhenius]] in 1889. The [[United States Patent and Trademark Office|US Patent Office]] had initially rejected Federal-Mogul's claim on the basis that neither a formula, as a law of nature, nor a computer program based on such a formula, could be patented.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[New Scientist]]|title=Computer-aided processes are patently confusing|page=678|date=12 March 2008|volume=89|issue=1244|issn=0262-4079}}</ref>


In 1981, Federal-Mogul Arrowhead parts were implemented in the [[NASA]] [[Space Shuttle]] launch.<ref name=goingglobal />
On Aug 18, 1997, Federal-Mogul Corporation restated the previously issued 1996, 1995 and 1994 financial statements for certain charges recorded in 1996. The restatement does not affect the company's balance sheet at December 31, 1996.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/federal-mogul-files-amended-1996-annual-report-on-form-10-k-75064002.html| title=Federal-Mogul Files Amended 1996 Annual Report on Form 10-K}}</ref>


In 1981, the company attempted to patent a process for [[Curing (chemistry)|curing]] rubber based on [[Arrhenius equation|the mathematical equation]] written by [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[chemist]] [[Svante Arrhenius]] in 1889. The [[United States Patent and Trademark Office|US Patent Office]] rejected Federal-Mogul's claim, on the basis that neither a formula, as a law of nature, nor a computer program based on such a formula, could be patented.<ref>{{Cite magazine|magazine=[[New Scientist]]|title=Computer-aided processes are patently confusing|page=678|date=March 12, 2008|volume=89|issue=1244|issn=0262-4079}}</ref> That same year, the company won a claim in the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] to the patent.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}
In 1998, the company acquired Cooper Industries and brands including Anco wiper blades, Champion ignition, MOOG chassis, Wagner and Abex friction, and Wagner and Blazer lighting.<ref name="TheLegend">{{cite book|last=Rodengen|first=Jeffery|title=The Legend of Federal-Mogul|year=1998|publisher=Write Stuff Enterprises, Inc.|location=Florida|isbn=0-945903-44-8|pages=151}}</ref> That same year, Federal-Mogul also acquired [[Turner & Newall]], a building materials company based in [[Manchester|Manchester, UK]]. Turner & Newall was one of the world's largest manufacturers of asbestos-related products, including those made with blue [[crocidolite]] asbestos mined in South Africa. Turner & Newall was responsible for the [[Armley asbestos disaster]] in [[Leeds|Leeds, UK]]. After the acquisition, Federal-Mogul set aside approximately $2.1 billion to cover asbestos-related claims but that amount provide insufficient.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asbestos.com/companies/federal-mogul-corporation.php|title=Federal-Mogul Corporation|date=2014-06-10}}</ref> The large number of products liability claims that came with this acquisition were largely responsible for Federal-Mogul's federal Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in 2002.<ref>[http://www.ewg.org/sites/asbestos/federalmogul.php Federal Mogul:" Wheeling & Dealing in Asbestos Liability, Environmental Working Group website]</ref>


===Bankruptcy to the present===
During the company’s restructuring, Federal-Mogul Corporation acquired multiple companies including Robert G. Evans Co., Hanauer Machine Works, Inc., Metaltec, Inc., Mather Co. and Fel-Pro, Inc.<ref name="BrightFuture">{{cite web|title=1975-2011 A Bright Future|url=http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/ABrightFuture/|work=Federal-Mogul Corporation History|accessdate=13 July 2012}}</ref> The company emerged from Chapter 11 reorganization in January 2008 and in April 2008, the company listed Class A common stock on NASDAQ under the trading symbol FDML.<ref name=BrightFuture />
In 1998, the company acquired the Automotive Products division of [[Cooper Industries]], with brands including Anco wiper blades, [[Champion (spark plug)|Champion]] ignition, MOOG chassis, and [[Wagner Electric|Wagner]] and Blazer lighting.<ref name="TheLegend">{{cite book|last=Rodengen|first=Jeffery|title=The Legend of Federal-Mogul|year=1998|publisher=Write Stuff Enterprises, Inc.|location=Florida|isbn=0-945903-44-8|pages=151}}</ref> It also acquired Cooper's Abex Friction products business, which included [[asbestos]]-containing products.<ref name="abex1">{{cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070621006147/en/Cooper-Industries-Ltd.-Federal-Mogul-Bankruptcy-Confirmation-Hearing |title=Cooper Industries, Ltd.: Federal-Mogul Bankruptcy Confirmation Hearing Extended |publisher=Cooper Industries |agency=[[Business Wire]] |date=June 21, 2007 |access-date=February 13, 2018}}</ref> That same year, Federal-Mogul acquired [[Turner & Newall]], a building materials company based in [[Manchester|Manchester, UK]]. Turner & Newall was one of the world's largest manufacturers of [[asbestos]]-related products, including those made with blue [[crocidolite]] asbestos mined in South Africa. Turner & Newall was responsible for the [[Armley asbestos disaster]] in [[Leeds|Leeds, UK]]. After the acquisition, Federal-Mogul set aside approximately $2.1&nbsp;billion to cover asbestos-related claims but that amount proved insufficient.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asbestos.com/companies/federal-mogul-corporation.php|title=Federal-Mogul Corporation|date=June 10, 2014}}</ref> The large number of products liability claims that came with the Turner & Newall acquisition were largely responsible for Federal-Mogul's federal Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in 2002.<ref name="private"/>


During the company's restructuring, Federal-Mogul Corporation acquired multiple companies including Robert G. Evans Co., Hanauer Machine Works, Inc.metalic Inc., Mather Co. and Fel-Pro, Inc.<ref name="BrightFuture">{{cite web|title=1975–2011 A Bright Future|url=http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/ABrightFuture/|work=Federal-Mogul Corporation History|access-date=July 13, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507092935/http://www.federalmogul.com/en/OurCompany/CompanyOverview/History/ABrightFuture/|archive-date=May 7, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The company emerged from Chapter 11 reorganization in January 2008, and in April 2008, the company listed Class A common stock on NASDAQ under the trading symbol FDML.<ref name=BrightFuture />
In June 2010, Federal-Mogul expanded further into Asia by opening a headquarters and technical center in [[Shanghai]], China.<ref name="Shanghai">{{cite web|title=Federal-Mogul Opens Shanghai Headquarters and Technical Center|url=http://www.ebearing.com/news2010/0723-federal-mogul-opens-shanghai-headquarters.htm|work=eBearing News|accessdate=3 August 2012}}</ref> The Asia Pacific headquarters and technical center facility contains powertrain dynamometers and vehicle braking test cells among other processes.<ref name=Shanghai /> The location allows for increased technical support to powertrain and vehicle customers as well as technology development.<ref name=Shanghai />


In June 2010, Federal-Mogul expanded further into Asia by opening a headquarters and technical center in Shanghai, China.<ref name="Shanghai">{{cite web|title=Federal-Mogul Opens Shanghai Headquarters and Technical Center|url=http://www.ebearing.com/news2010/0723-federal-mogul-opens-shanghai-headquarters.htm|work=eBearing News|access-date=August 3, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424221807/http://www.ebearing.com/news2010/0723-federal-mogul-opens-shanghai-headquarters.htm|archive-date=April 24, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Asia Pacific headquarters and technical center facility contains powertrain dynamometers and vehicle braking test cells among other processes.<ref name=Shanghai /> The location allows for increased technical support to powertrain and vehicle customers as well as technology development.<ref name=Shanghai />
Federal-Mogul acquired Daros Group in June 2010, a privately owned supplier of pistons for large bore engines used in industrial energy generation and commercial shipping.<ref name="Daros">{{cite web|title=Federal-Mogul Buys Piston Ring Caster Daros|url=http://www.afsinc.org/news/news.cfm?ItemNumber=6362|work=American Foundry Society|accessdate=27 July 2012|date=25 June 2010}}</ref> The acquisition of the group included operations in China, Sweden and Germany.<ref name=Daros />

The purchase of Daros added two-stroke and four-stroke piston ring products to Federal-Mogul’s portfolio of industrial piston rings.<ref name=Daros />
Federal-Mogul acquired Daros Group in June 2010, a privately owned supplier of pistons for large bore engines used in industrial energy generation and commercial shipping.<ref name="Daros">{{cite web|title=Federal-Mogul Buys Piston Ring Caster Daros|url=http://www.afsinc.org/news/news.cfm?ItemNumber=6362|work=American Foundry Society|access-date=July 27, 2012|date=June 25, 2010|archive-date=May 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002037/http://www.afsinc.org/news/news.cfm?ItemNumber=6362|url-status=dead}}</ref> The acquisition of the group included operations in China, Sweden and Germany.<ref name=Daros />
The purchase of draco added two-stroke and four-stroke piston ring products to Federal-Mogul's portfolio of industrial piston rings.<ref name=Daros />


[[File:Federal Mogul Technical Center Ann Arbor.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Technical Center, [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]]]]
[[File:Federal Mogul Technical Center Ann Arbor.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Technical Center, [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]]]]
In December 2010 the company's [[Barcelona]] warehouse was shut down and moved to [[Madrid]].


In March 2012, Federal-Mogul's board of directors modified the company's corporate structure to create separate Powertrain and Vehicle Components segments, each with its own CEO.<ref name="CEO">{{cite web|title=Federal-Mogul Says Rainer Jueckstock To Succeed Jose Maria Alapont As CEO|url=http://www.afsinc.org/news/news.cfm?ItemNumber=6362|work=RTT News|access-date=August 1, 2012|date=March 12, 2012|archive-date=May 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002037/http://www.afsinc.org/news/news.cfm?ItemNumber=6362|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rainer juckstock former senior vice president of the company's Powertrain Energy business, was named CEO for the Powertrain segment effective April 1, 2012.<ref name=CEO /> In February 2014, [[Daniel Ninivaggi|Daniel A. Ninivaggi]] was appointed CEO of the Federal-Mogul Vehicle Components segment (VCS).
In December 2010 Barcelona (Spain) warehouse was shut down and moved to Madrid.


In July 2012, Federal-Mogul announced a definitive agreement to purchase the BERU spark plug business from [[BorgWarner Inc.]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Walsh|first=Dustin|title=Federal-Mogul acquisition of BorgWarner's Beru spark plug unit expected to boost sales $80&nbsp;million|url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20120702/FREE/120709988/federal-mogul-acquisition-of-borgwarners-beru-spark-plug-unit-expected-to-boost-sales-80-million|work=Crains Detroit Business|access-date=August 1, 2012|date=July 3, 2012}}</ref>
In March 2012, Federal-Mogul’s board of directors announced its decision to modify the company’s corporate structure to create separate Powertrain and Vehicle Components segments, each with its own CEO.<ref name="CEO">{{cite web|title=Federal-Mogul Says Rainer Jueckstock To Succeed Jose Maria Alapont As CEO|url=http://www.afsinc.org/news/news.cfm?ItemNumber=6362|work=RTT News|accessdate=1 August 2012|date=12 March 2012}}</ref> Rainer Jueckstock, former senior vice president of the company's Powertrain Energy business, was named CEO for the Powertrain segment effective April 1, 2012.<ref name=CEO /> In February 2014, Daniel A. Ninivaggi was appointed CEO of the Federal-Mogul Vehicle Components segment (VCS).


In September 2014, the company formally announced the long-awaited modification to its corporate structure - a split into two separate companies: Federal-Mogul Powertrain and Federal-Mogul Motor-Parts. The Powertrain division will focus on manufacturing and selling OEM auto parts, while the Motor-Parts division will be responsible for selling aftermarket parts. Each company will have its own CEO and corporate-level staff, who will continue to report to the board of directors of Federal-Mogul Holding Corporation. The company expects the split to be completed in the first half of 2015, pending regulatory approval.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clothier|first=Mark|title=Icahn's Federal-Mogul to Split Motorparts, Powertrain|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/icahn-s-federal-mogul-to-split-motorparts-powertrain-units.html|work=Bloomberg|date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>
In July 2012, Federal-Mogul announced a definitive agreement to purchase the BERU spark-plug business from BorgWarner Inc.<ref>{{cite web|last=Walsh|first=Dustin|title=Federal-Mogul acquisition of BorgWarner's Beru spark plug unit expected to boost sales $80 million|url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20120702/FREE/120709988/federal-mogul-acquisition-of-borgwarners-beru-spark-plug-unit-expected-to-boost-sales-80-million|work=Crains Detroit Business|accessdate=1 August 2012|date=3 July 2012}}</ref>


In 2014, [[Honeywell]] completed a $155&nbsp;million sale of its friction materials business to Federal Mogul.
In September 2014, the company formally announced the long pending modification to the company's corporate structure would be a split into two separate companies, Federal-Mogul Powertrain, and Federal-Mogul Motorparts. The Powertrain division will focus on the manufacturing and selling of OEM auto parts while the Motorparts division focuses on selling aftermarket parts. Each individual company has their own CEO and corporate level staff that will continue to report to the board of directors of Federal-Mogul Holding Corporation. The company expects the split to be completed in the first half of 2015 pending regulatory approval.<ref>{{cite web|last=CLothier|first=Mark|title=Icahn’s Federal-Mogul to Split Motorparts, Powertrain|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/icahn-s-federal-mogul-to-split-motorparts-powertrain-units.html|work=Bloomberg|date=3 September 2014}}</ref>


In December 2016, Federal-Mogul completed the acquisition of the Beck/Arnley brand and certain associated assets. Based in [[Smyrna, Tennessee]], Beck/Arnley is a provider of parts and fluids for foreign nameplate vehicles in North America.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}
In 2014, Honeywell completed the $155 million sale of its friction materials business to Federal Mogul Corp.


In January 2017, majority shareholder [[Carl Icahn]] completed a $300&nbsp;million deal for all of Federal-Mogul's stock, after which he changed the company from a public company to a private company.<ref name="private">{{cite news |url=http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20170119/NEWS/170119812/icahn-to-take-full-ownership-of-federal-mogul-in-300-million-deal |title=Icahn to take full ownership of Federal-Mogul in $300&nbsp;million deal |last=Walsh |first=Dustin |date=January 19, 2017 |newspaper=[[Crain's Detroit Business]] |access-date=February 13, 2018}}</ref>
== Automotive News PACE Awards ==
Federal-Mogul has received a total of 16 Automotive News PACE (Premier Automotive Suppliers' Contributions to Excellence) Awards, honoring the company's technological advances<ref name="citations">{{cite web|url=http://www.autonews.com/assets/html/pace_award/past_winners.html|publisher=Crain Communications|accessdate=13 September 2016}}</ref> The Automotive News PACE Awards recognize superior innovation, technological advancement and business performance among automotive suppliers. <ref name="PACE">{{cite web|title=2013 Automotive News PACE Awards|url=http://www.autonews.com/assets/html/pace_award/default.htm|publisher=Crain Communications Inc.|accessdate=13 September 2016}}</ref>


In April 2018, [[Tenneco]] announced that they had purchased Federal-Mogul in a deal worth approximately US$5.4 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/10/the-associated-press-tenneco-buys-icahns-federal-mogul-in-deal-worth-5-point-4b.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082249/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/10/the-associated-press-tenneco-buys-icahns-federal-mogul-in-deal-worth-5-point-4b.html |archive-date=April 12, 2018 |title=Tenneco buys Icahn's Federal-Mogul in deal worth $5.4B|website=[[CNBC]] }}</ref> On October 1, 2018, Tenneco Inc. completed its acquisition.<ref name=":0"/>
Federal-Mogul products that have received PACE Awards include:


== Company divisions ==
*'''2003''': Wagner ThermoQuiet Brake Pads and Shoes
===Federal-Mogul Powertrain===
*'''2006''': Monosteel Piston
Federal-Mogul Powertrain designs and manufacturers original equipment powertrain components and system protection products in the United States and internationally, its production line consists of different products, ranging from [[powdered metal]] parts to [[space suit]]s, including [[Main bearing|engine bearings]], [[piston]]s, [[Gudgeon pin|piston pins]], [[piston ring]]s, [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder liners]], [[Poppet valve|valve seats and guides]], [[spark plug]]s, [[ignition coil]]s, [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission products]], [[technical textiles]] and [[connecting rod]]s.<ref name="klier">{{Cite book|title=Who really made your car? Restructuring and geographic change in the auto industry|first1=Thomas H|last1=Klier|first2=James N.|last2=Rubenstein|year=2008|pages=68–69|publisher=[[W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research|W. E. Upjohn Institute]]|location=Kalamazoo, MI|isbn=978-0-88099-333-3}}</ref> Bower Roller Bearing Division was a major supplier of bearings for [[guided missiles|missiles]] and aircraft, and for many other industries – automotive, construction machinery, machine tool and farm equipment.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/Aviation_Week_1960-05-02#page/n7/mode/1up Searing heat, frigid cold torture missile bearings]. // ''Aviation Week & Space Technology'', May 2, 1960, v. 72, no. 18, p. 14.</ref>
*'''2007''': Goetze Diamond Coating (GDC)

::High Temperature Alloy (HTA) Exhaust Gaskets
===Federal-Mogul Motor-Parts===
*'''2010''': DuraBowl Piston Reinforcement Process
Federal-Mogul Motor-Parts sells and distributes products under more than 20 brands in the global vehicle aftermarket, including ANCO wiper blades; Bentley-Harris protection solutions; Champion spark plugs, wipers and filters, BERU glow plugs; AE, Fel-Pro, Goetze, Nural, Glyco and Payen engine products; MOOG steering and suspension parts; and Ferodo and Wagner brake products.<ref name="reuters">{{cite web|title=FEDERAL-MOGUL TO PRESENT INNOVATIVE RANGE OF EFFICIENCY-ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES AT THE 2012 IAA COMMERCIAL VEHICLE SHOW IN SEPTEMBER|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/02/idUS180405+02-Aug-2012+HUG20120802|work=Reuters|access-date=August 2, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803235113/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/02/idUS180405+02-Aug-2012+HUG20120802|archive-date=August 3, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
::High Precision Electro-Erosion Machining (HPEEM)

::Bayonet Connection System for Profile Wiper Blades
== Awards ==
*'''2011''': EcoTough-Coated Piston
Federal-Mogul has received 16 [[Automotive News]] [[PACE Award]]s.<ref name="citations">{{cite web|url=http://www.autonews.com/assets/html/pace_award/past_winners.html|publisher=Crain Communications|access-date=September 13, 2016|title=2017 Automotive News PACE Awards}}</ref> The awards are for automotive suppliers that show innovation, technological advancement and business performance.<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 Automotive News PACE Awards|url=http://www.autonews.com/assets/html/pace_award/default.htm|publisher=Crain Communications Inc.|access-date=September 13, 2016}}</ref> Federal-Mogul received their first PACE Award in 2003; their most recent PACE Award was awarded in 2016.
::Low Friction LKZ Oil Ring
*'''2012''': Two Dimensional (2D) Ultrasonic Testing for Raised Gallery Diesel Pistons
*'''2013''': IROX® - Highly Effective Coating for Engine Bearings
*'''2013''': Injection Molding of High Modulus Bonded Pistons Used in High Pressure Transmissions
*'''2014''': High Performance Bearings Without Lead
*'''2015''': Low Friction DuroGlide® Piston Ring Pack
*'''2015''': MicroTorq Seal
*'''2016''': Hybrid Induction Welding for Steel Pistons


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.federalmogul.com/ Federal-Mogul Website]
* [http://www.federalmogul.com/ Federal-Mogul Website]


{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}

[[Category:Companies that have filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy]]
[[Category:Companies based in Southfield, Michigan]]
[[Category:Companies based in Southfield, Michigan]]
[[Category:Automotive companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Auto parts suppliers of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1899]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Michigan]]
[[Category:Auto parts suppliers]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1899]]
[[Category:Companies listed on NASDAQ]]
[[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2002]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq]]
[[Category:Asbestos]]
[[Category:Asbestos]]
[[Category:1899 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:1899 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:2008 initial public offerings]]
[[Category:2017 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:2018 mergers and acquisitions]]

Latest revision as of 03:59, 11 September 2024

Federal-Mogul Holdings Corporation
Company typeSubsidiary
Nasdaq: FDML
IndustryAuto parts
Founded1899; 126 years ago (1899) (as the Muzzy-Lyon Company)
HeadquartersSouthfield, Michigan, United States
Key people
  • Carl Icahn (chairman of the board)
  • Rainer Jückstock (CEO, Federal-Mogul Powertrain)
  • Brad Norton (CEO, Federal-Mogul Motorparts)
ProductsPistons, rings, pins, liners, valve seats and guides, ignition, bearings, bushings, heat shields, sealing, systems protection, transmission, brake, chassis, wiper products
RevenueIncrease US$7.317 billion (2014)[1]
Decrease US$168 million) (2014)[1]
Total assetsDecrease US$7.067 billion (2014)[1]
Total equityDecrease US$806 million (2014)[1]
Number of employees
48,600 (December 31, 2014)
ParentTenneco
Websitewww.federalmogul.com

Federal-Mogul Corporation is an American developer, manufacturer, and supplier of products for automotive, commercial, aerospace, marine, rail, and off-road vehicles, as well as industrial, agricultural, and power-generation applications. It was acquired in February 2022 by Apollo Global Management.[2]

Federal-Mogul operated two independent business divisions, Federal-Mogul Powertrain and Federal-Mogul Motor-Parts. The two divisions each had their own chief executive officer.

History

[edit]

Origins

[edit]

Federal-Mogul was founded in 1899 in Detroit by J. Howard Muzzy and Edward F. Lyon as the Muzzy-Lyon Company.[3] Muzzy and Lyon went into business together, producing mill supplies and rubber goods.[3] In addition, the partners formed a subsidiary called the Mogul Metal Company, where they launched bearing innovations.[4][5] Muzzy Lyon began producing bearings made from their own Babbitt metal called Mogul, an alloy of tin, antimony and copper.[6][3][7] The product was trademarked under the names "Mogul" and "Duro".[6][3][7] In addition to Babbitt metal, Muzzy and Lyon invented a process of custom die-casting bearings.[7]

The Muzzy-Lyon Company's bearings business proved successful in the early 1900s and became the pair's main concern, with Buick as one of their earliest customers.[3] In 1924, the Muzzy-Lyon Company and Federal Bearings and Bushing, an engine bearings and bushings manufacturing company founded in 1915 by a group of Detroit businessmen,[6] merged to become the Federal-Mogul Corporation.[7] The combined company also manufactured bronze bearings, a product the Muzzy-Lyon Company had not supplied previously.

Federal Mogul established a research division in 1929, with the help of Battelle Memorial Institute.[7] In 1931, during the Great Depression, Federal-Mogul started its Equi-Poise propeller division.[7]

In 1932, the company developed a new alloy called C-100, one of the first new bearing materials since the discovery of Babbitt metal.[7] The Federal-Mogul research team revamped the C-100 in 1934 to create a C-50 alloy.[7]

Post-WWII expansion

[edit]

In 1955, the company acquired National Motor Bearing Company, and the company name was changed to Federal-Mogul Bower.[8]

In the late 1950s, the company opened business operations in Switzerland,[7] and in 1962, the company established an overseas service center in Antwerp, Belgium.[9] In 1963, Federal-Mogul Bower's Arrowhead division manufactured components for NASA's Saturn launch vehicle.[9]

In April 1965, Federal-Mogul Bower merged with Sterling Aluminum Products. The combined company was renamed the Federal-Mogul Corporation.[8][10]

In 1966, Federal-Mogul Corporation relocated its corporate headquarters from downtown Detroit to Southfield, Michigan.[9]

In 1981, Federal-Mogul Arrowhead parts were implemented in the NASA Space Shuttle launch.[9]

In 1981, the company attempted to patent a process for curing rubber based on the mathematical equation written by Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius in 1889. The US Patent Office rejected Federal-Mogul's claim, on the basis that neither a formula, as a law of nature, nor a computer program based on such a formula, could be patented.[11] That same year, the company won a claim in the Supreme Court to the patent.[citation needed]

Bankruptcy to the present

[edit]

In 1998, the company acquired the Automotive Products division of Cooper Industries, with brands including Anco wiper blades, Champion ignition, MOOG chassis, and Wagner and Blazer lighting.[12] It also acquired Cooper's Abex Friction products business, which included asbestos-containing products.[13] That same year, Federal-Mogul acquired Turner & Newall, a building materials company based in Manchester, UK. Turner & Newall was one of the world's largest manufacturers of asbestos-related products, including those made with blue crocidolite asbestos mined in South Africa. Turner & Newall was responsible for the Armley asbestos disaster in Leeds, UK. After the acquisition, Federal-Mogul set aside approximately $2.1 billion to cover asbestos-related claims but that amount proved insufficient.[14] The large number of products liability claims that came with the Turner & Newall acquisition were largely responsible for Federal-Mogul's federal Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in 2002.[15]

During the company's restructuring, Federal-Mogul Corporation acquired multiple companies including Robert G. Evans Co., Hanauer Machine Works, Inc.metalic Inc., Mather Co. and Fel-Pro, Inc.[16] The company emerged from Chapter 11 reorganization in January 2008, and in April 2008, the company listed Class A common stock on NASDAQ under the trading symbol FDML.[16]

In June 2010, Federal-Mogul expanded further into Asia by opening a headquarters and technical center in Shanghai, China.[17] The Asia Pacific headquarters and technical center facility contains powertrain dynamometers and vehicle braking test cells among other processes.[17] The location allows for increased technical support to powertrain and vehicle customers as well as technology development.[17]

Federal-Mogul acquired Daros Group in June 2010, a privately owned supplier of pistons for large bore engines used in industrial energy generation and commercial shipping.[18] The acquisition of the group included operations in China, Sweden and Germany.[18] The purchase of draco added two-stroke and four-stroke piston ring products to Federal-Mogul's portfolio of industrial piston rings.[18]

Technical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan

In December 2010 the company's Barcelona warehouse was shut down and moved to Madrid.

In March 2012, Federal-Mogul's board of directors modified the company's corporate structure to create separate Powertrain and Vehicle Components segments, each with its own CEO.[19] Rainer juckstock former senior vice president of the company's Powertrain Energy business, was named CEO for the Powertrain segment effective April 1, 2012.[19] In February 2014, Daniel A. Ninivaggi was appointed CEO of the Federal-Mogul Vehicle Components segment (VCS).

In July 2012, Federal-Mogul announced a definitive agreement to purchase the BERU spark plug business from BorgWarner Inc.[20]

In September 2014, the company formally announced the long-awaited modification to its corporate structure - a split into two separate companies: Federal-Mogul Powertrain and Federal-Mogul Motor-Parts. The Powertrain division will focus on manufacturing and selling OEM auto parts, while the Motor-Parts division will be responsible for selling aftermarket parts. Each company will have its own CEO and corporate-level staff, who will continue to report to the board of directors of Federal-Mogul Holding Corporation. The company expects the split to be completed in the first half of 2015, pending regulatory approval.[21]

In 2014, Honeywell completed a $155 million sale of its friction materials business to Federal Mogul.

In December 2016, Federal-Mogul completed the acquisition of the Beck/Arnley brand and certain associated assets. Based in Smyrna, Tennessee, Beck/Arnley is a provider of parts and fluids for foreign nameplate vehicles in North America.[citation needed]

In January 2017, majority shareholder Carl Icahn completed a $300 million deal for all of Federal-Mogul's stock, after which he changed the company from a public company to a private company.[15]

In April 2018, Tenneco announced that they had purchased Federal-Mogul in a deal worth approximately US$5.4 billion.[22] On October 1, 2018, Tenneco Inc. completed its acquisition.[2]

Company divisions

[edit]

Federal-Mogul Powertrain

[edit]

Federal-Mogul Powertrain designs and manufacturers original equipment powertrain components and system protection products in the United States and internationally, its production line consists of different products, ranging from powdered metal parts to space suits, including engine bearings, pistons, piston pins, piston rings, cylinder liners, valve seats and guides, spark plugs, ignition coils, transmission products, technical textiles and connecting rods.[6] Bower Roller Bearing Division was a major supplier of bearings for missiles and aircraft, and for many other industries – automotive, construction machinery, machine tool and farm equipment.[23]

Federal-Mogul Motor-Parts

[edit]

Federal-Mogul Motor-Parts sells and distributes products under more than 20 brands in the global vehicle aftermarket, including ANCO wiper blades; Bentley-Harris protection solutions; Champion spark plugs, wipers and filters, BERU glow plugs; AE, Fel-Pro, Goetze, Nural, Glyco and Payen engine products; MOOG steering and suspension parts; and Ferodo and Wagner brake products.[24]

Awards

[edit]

Federal-Mogul has received 16 Automotive News PACE Awards.[25] The awards are for automotive suppliers that show innovation, technological advancement and business performance.[26] Federal-Mogul received their first PACE Award in 2003; their most recent PACE Award was awarded in 2016.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Federal-Mogul – Investors – SEC Filings". corporate-ir.net.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ a b "2017 - 2015 News Archive".
  3. ^ a b c d e Turner, Tyya N. (2005). Vault guide to the top manufacturing employers. New York, NY: Vault Inc. pp. 108–112. ISBN 1-58131-324-1.
  4. ^ "Federal mogule goetze training report - [DOCX Document]". vdocument.in. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  5. ^ "Federal-Mogul Goetze". www.openbusinesscouncil.org. January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d Klier, Thomas H; Rubenstein, James N. (2008). Who really made your car? Restructuring and geographic change in the auto industry. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute. pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-0-88099-333-3.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "1899–1940: Founded on Innovation". Federal-Mogul Corporation. 2011. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
  8. ^ a b "1941–1956: Diversifying for Success". Federal-Mogul Corporation. 2011. Archived from the original on May 18, 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
  9. ^ a b c d "1957–1974 Going Global". Federal-Mogul Corporation History. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
  10. ^ Morton, Hudson T. (1965). Anti-friction Bearings. Ann Arbor, MI: Hudson T. Morton. p. 465.
  11. ^ "Computer-aided processes are patently confusing". New Scientist. Vol. 89, no. 1244. March 12, 2008. p. 678. ISSN 0262-4079.
  12. ^ Rodengen, Jeffery (1998). The Legend of Federal-Mogul. Florida: Write Stuff Enterprises, Inc. p. 151. ISBN 0-945903-44-8.
  13. ^ "Cooper Industries, Ltd.: Federal-Mogul Bankruptcy Confirmation Hearing Extended" (Press release). Cooper Industries. Business Wire. June 21, 2007. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  14. ^ "Federal-Mogul Corporation". June 10, 2014.
  15. ^ a b Walsh, Dustin (January 19, 2017). "Icahn to take full ownership of Federal-Mogul in $300 million deal". Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  16. ^ a b "1975–2011 A Bright Future". Federal-Mogul Corporation History. Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
  17. ^ a b c "Federal-Mogul Opens Shanghai Headquarters and Technical Center". eBearing News. Archived from the original on April 24, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2012.
  18. ^ a b c "Federal-Mogul Buys Piston Ring Caster Daros". American Foundry Society. June 25, 2010. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  19. ^ a b "Federal-Mogul Says Rainer Jueckstock To Succeed Jose Maria Alapont As CEO". RTT News. March 12, 2012. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  20. ^ Walsh, Dustin (July 3, 2012). "Federal-Mogul acquisition of BorgWarner's Beru spark plug unit expected to boost sales $80 million". Crains Detroit Business. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  21. ^ Clothier, Mark (September 3, 2014). "Icahn's Federal-Mogul to Split Motorparts, Powertrain". Bloomberg.
  22. ^ "Tenneco buys Icahn's Federal-Mogul in deal worth $5.4B". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018.
  23. ^ Searing heat, frigid cold torture missile bearings. // Aviation Week & Space Technology, May 2, 1960, v. 72, no. 18, p. 14.
  24. ^ "FEDERAL-MOGUL TO PRESENT INNOVATIVE RANGE OF EFFICIENCY-ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES AT THE 2012 IAA COMMERCIAL VEHICLE SHOW IN SEPTEMBER". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  25. ^ "2017 Automotive News PACE Awards". Crain Communications. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  26. ^ "2013 Automotive News PACE Awards". Crain Communications Inc. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
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