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{{Short description|Sport's league}}
{{about|the International Basketball League formed in 2004|the original unrelated league formed in 1999|International Basketball League (1999–2001)}}
{{about|the league formed in 2004|the older unrelated league|International Basketball League (1999–2001)}}
{{Infobox sports league
{{Infobox sports league
| title = International Basketball League (IBL)
| title = International Basketball League (IBL)
| logo = International Basketball League logo.png
| logo = International Basketball League logo.png
| pixels = 100px
| pixels = 100px
| caption = International Basketball League Logo
| caption = International Basketball League logo
| sport = [[Basketball]]
| sport = [[Basketball]]
| founded = 2004
| founded = {{start date and age|2004|08|mf=yes}}
| folded =2014
| folded = 2014
| inaugural = 2005
| inaugural = [[2005 International Basketball League season|2005]]
| fame =
| fame =
| motto =
| motto =
Line 16: Line 17:
| champion = [[Bellingham Slam]] (2014)
| champion = [[Bellingham Slam]] (2014)
| most_champs = [[Bellingham Slam]] (4)
| most_champs = [[Bellingham Slam]] (4)
| website = [http://www.ibl.com/ IBL.com]
| website = {{URL|http://www.ibl.com/}}
}}
}}


The '''International Basketball League''' ('''IBL''') was a [[semi-professional]] men's [[basketball]] [[List of basketball leagues|league]] featuring teams from the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]]. In 2010 the [[Albany Legends]] became the first team in the Northeastern United States to join. The IBL have also featured teams from [[China]] and [[Japan]] which temporarily relocated to the [[United States]] for the IBL season. The IBL season typically ran from the end of March through July.
The '''International Basketball League''' ('''IBL''') was a [[semi-professional]] men's [[basketball]] [[List of basketball leagues|league]] featuring teams from the [[West Coast of the United States]]. In 2010 the [[Albany Legends]] became the first team in the Northeastern United States to join. The IBL also sometimes featured teams from [[China]] and [[Japan]] which temporarily relocated to the [[United States]] for the IBL season. The IBL season typically ran from the end of March through July.


== History ==
== History ==
Founded by [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] area sports promoter Mikal Duilio,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2004/08/16/daily25.html|title = Portlanders start pro hoops league|date = 17 August 2004|accessdate = |website = Portland Business Journal|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> the league features rules designed to create a fast-paced, high-scoring brand of [[basketball]]. Duilio first began planning for the league with a series of test games in Portland and [[Seattle]] in November 2003. These games featured a mixture of traditional college and [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] rules, plus two rules created specifically for the league:
Founded by [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] area sports promoter Mikal Duilio,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2004/08/16/daily25.html|title = Portlanders start pro hoops league|date = 17 August 2004|website = Portland Business Journal}}</ref> the league featured rules designed to create a fast-paced, high-scoring brand of [[basketball]]. Duilio first began planning for the league with a series of test games in Portland and [[Seattle]] in November 2003. These games featured a mixture of traditional college and [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] rules, plus two rules created specifically for the league:


* The "Immediate Inbound" Rule: After a made basket, the referee will throw the ball to a nearby player, instead of a player throwing in the ball from under the basket, to eliminate wasted time.
* The "Immediate Inbound" Rule: After a made basket, the referee threw the ball to a nearby player from the team which had been scored on, instead of a player throwing in the ball from under the basket, to eliminate wasted time.
* A 22-second shot clock is used instead of the NBA's 24. A defensive non-shooting foul or kicked ball reset it to 12.
* A 22-second shot clock was used instead of the NBA's 24-seconds. A defensive non-shooting foul or kicked ball reset it to 12.


The test games proved popular and resulted in the founding of the IBL in August 2004. Founded with eight teams, the league expanded to 17 by the start of the season in April 2005. Each team played approximately 20 regular season games, most of them centered on their home region, with the teams with the two best records playing in a championship game at the end of the season. The [[Battle Creek Knights]] won the inaugural title by going undefeated in the regular season and beating the [[Dayton Jets]] in the finals.
The test games proved popular and resulted in the founding of the IBL in August 2004. Founded with eight teams, the league expanded to 17 by the start of the season in April 2005. Each team played approximately 20 regular season games, most of them centered on their home region, with the teams with the two best records playing in a championship game at the end of the season. The [[Battle Creek Knights]] won the inaugural title by going undefeated in the regular season and beating the [[Dayton Jets]] in the finals.


In the league's first year, the up-tempo rules resulted in the average team scoring 126.9 points per game, nearly 30 points more than the NBA team average in 2004-05, and slightly higher than the NBA record for points per game by a team in a single season, set by the [[Denver Nuggets]] in 1981-82.
In the league's first year, the up-tempo rules resulted in the average team scoring 126.9 points per game, nearly 30 points more than the NBA team average in 2004–05, and slightly higher than the NBA record for points per game by a team in a single season, set by the [[Denver Nuggets]] in 1981–82.


In 2010, the league launched a winter season which saw nine different teams compete. Four teams played an entire schedule and thus made them eligible for the playoffs.<ref>[http://www.iblhoopsonline.com/gary_splash/ IBL 2010/11 Winter Division Championship Tournament]</ref>
In 2010, the league launched a winter season which saw nine different teams compete. Four teams played an entire schedule and thus made them eligible for the playoffs.<ref>[http://www.iblhoopsonline.com/gary_splash/ IBL 2010/11 Winter Division Championship Tournament]</ref>


In July 2011, Duilio sold the league to [[Vancouver, Washington|Vancouver]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], businessman Bryan Hunter.<ref>[http://www.columbian.com/news/2011/jul/10/ibl-ownership-fills-void-for-driven-hunter/ IBL ownership fills void for driven Hunter]</ref> Sharleen Graf was appointed as the league's new commissioner.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4257583|title = International Basketball League Names New Commissioner|date = 23 July 2011|accessdate = |website = Our Sports Central|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
In July 2011, Duilio sold the league to [[Vancouver, Washington|Vancouver]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], businessman Bryan Hunter.<ref>[http://www.columbian.com/news/2011/jul/10/ibl-ownership-fills-void-for-driven-hunter/ IBL ownership fills void for driven Hunter]</ref> Sharleen Graf was appointed as the league's new commissioner.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4257583|title = International Basketball League Names New Commissioner|date = 23 July 2011|website = Our Sports Central}}</ref>


In March 2014 the IBL ceased operation as an independent entity and combined with the [[West Coast Basketball League]] (WCBL).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4758021|title = WCBL joins IBL in vision for minor leagues|date = 28 March 2014|accessdate = |website = Our Sports Central|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> Teams were split into an 'International Conference' and 'Continental Conference' based on geography.
In March 2014 the IBL ceased operation as an independent entity and combined with the [[West Coast Basketball League]] (WCBL).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4758021|title = WCBL joins IBL in vision for minor leagues|date = 28 March 2014|website = Our Sports Central}}</ref> Teams were split into an 'International Conference' and 'Continental Conference' based on geography. The owner of the NBA over the past decade has actively been internationalizing the game by recruiting potential international players and expanding overseas markets.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kawashiri |first=Kyle |date=2020-09-02 |title=The Societal Influence of the NBA |url=https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/engl_176/54 |journal=Pop Culture Intersections}}</ref>


== Teams ==
== Teams ==
{| class="navbox wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:left"
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:left"
|-
|-
! style="background:white; width:20%" | International Conference Team
! style="background:white; width:20%" | International Conference Team
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*[[Battle Creek Knights]] (joined the [[Independent Basketball Association]])
*[[Battle Creek Knights]] (joined the [[Independent Basketball Association]])
*[[Dayton Air Strikers]] (rejoined the [[Premier Basketball League]])
*[[Dayton Air Strikers]] (rejoined the [[Premier Basketball League]])
*[[Gary Splash]] (joined the [[Independent Basketball Association]]<ref>[http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4270153 Weekly Sports and Franchise Report]</ref>
*Gary Splash (joined the [[Independent Basketball Association]]<ref>[http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4270153 Weekly Sports and Franchise Report]</ref>
*[[Holland Blast]] (joined the [[Independent Basketball Association]])
*[[Holland Blast]] (joined the [[Independent Basketball Association]])
* Lake County All-Stars (joined the [[Independent Basketball Association]])
* Lake County All-Stars (joined the [[Independent Basketball Association]])
Line 146: Line 147:
*[[Snohomish County Explosion]] (joined the [[National Athletic Basketball League]])
*[[Snohomish County Explosion]] (joined the [[National Athletic Basketball League]])
*[[Fresno-Washington Raptors|Washington Raptors]] (joined the [[American Basketball Association (2000–present)|American Basketball Association]])
*[[Fresno-Washington Raptors|Washington Raptors]] (joined the [[American Basketball Association (2000–present)|American Basketball Association]])
*[[West Virginia Wild]] (joined the [[National Professional Basketball League (2007-)|National Professional Basketball League]] then the [[American Basketball Association (2000–present)|American Basketball Association]])
*[[West Virginia Wild]] (joined the [[National Professional Basketball League (2007&ndash;2008)|National Professional Basketball League]], then the [[American Basketball Association (2000–present)|American Basketball Association]])


=== Teams history ===
=== Teams history ===
Line 160: Line 161:
*[[Aurora Cavalry]] (2006)
*[[Aurora Cavalry]] (2006)
*[[Battle Creek Knights]] (2005–08, 2010-11<ref>[http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4270153 Weekly Sports League and Franchise Report]</ref>)
*[[Battle Creek Knights]] (2005–08, 2010-11<ref>[http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4270153 Weekly Sports League and Franchise Report]</ref>)
*[[BC Titans]] (2010<ref>[http://www.bctitans.ca/ Titans Decline to Participate on 2011 IBL Season]</ref>), as ''Vancouver Titans'' (2008–09)
*[[BC Titans]] (2010<ref>[http://www.bctitans.ca/ Titans Decline to Participate on 2011 IBL Season] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317023037/http://www.bctitans.ca/ |date=2010-03-17 }}</ref>), as ''Vancouver Titans'' (2008–09)
*[[Bellingham Slam]] (2008–present)
*[[Bellingham Slam]] (2008–2014); migrated to Seattle Pro-Am
*[[Cedar Valley Jaguars]] (2005–06)
*[[Cedar Valley Jaguars]] (2005–06)
*[[Chicago Steam]] (2009)
*[[Chicago Steam]] (2009)
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*[[Elkhart Express]] (2006–08)
*[[Elkhart Express]] (2006–08)
*[[Eugene Chargers]] (2006–07)
*[[Eugene Chargers]] (2006–07)
*[[Gary Splash]] (2010-11<ref>[http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4270153 Weekly Sports League and Franchise Report]</ref>)
*Gary Splash (2010-11<ref>[http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4270153 Weekly Sports League and Franchise Report]</ref>)
*[[Gary Steelheads]] (2008)
*[[Gary Steelheads]] (2008)
*[[Grand Rapids Flight]] (2005–09)
*[[Grand Rapids Flight]] (2005–09)
*Great Lakes All-Stars (2010)
*Great Lakes All-Stars (2010)
*[[Holland Blast]] (2006–11)
*[[Holland Blast]] (2006–11)
*[[Hub City Hurricanes]] (2007)
*Hub City Hurricanes (2007)
*Jersey G-Force (2012–present), as ''New Jersey Titans'' (2011)
*Jersey G-Force (2012–2014), as ''New Jersey Titans'' (2011)
*[[Kankakee County Soldiers]] (2009–11<ref>[http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4270153 Weekly Sports League and Franchise Report]</ref>), as ''Windy City Soldiers'' (2008), as ''Chicago Heights Soldiers'' (2007)
*[[Kankakee County Soldiers]] (2009–11<ref>[http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=4270153 Weekly Sports League and Franchise Report]</ref>), as ''Windy City Soldiers'' (2008), as ''Chicago Heights Soldiers'' (2007)
|width="50%" valign="top"|
|width="50%" valign="top"|
Line 196: Line 197:
*[[Oakland Slammers]] (2005–06)
*[[Oakland Slammers]] (2005–06)
*Ohio Hidden Gems (2010)
*Ohio Hidden Gems (2010)
*[[Olympia Reign]] (2008–present)
*[[Olympia Reign]] (2008–2014)
*Orlando Venom (2012–present), as ''Florida Winning Ways'' (2011)
*Orlando Venom (2012–2014), as ''Florida Winning Ways'' (2011)
*[[Portland Chinooks]] (2005–08; 2011–present), as ''[[Oregon Waves]]'' (2009–11)
*[[Portland Chinooks]] (2005–08; 2011–2014), as ''[[Oregon Waves]]'' (2009–11)
*[[Salem Stampede]] (2006–07)
*[[Salem Stampede]] (2006–07)
*[[Salem Soldiers]] (2012–present)
*[[Salem Soldiers]] (2005&ndash;07; 2012)
*[[Santa Barbara Breakers]] (2007)
*[[Santa Barbara Breakers]] (2007)
*[[Seattle Mountaineers]] (2006–07, 2009)
*[[Seattle Mountaineers]] (2006–07, 2009)
Line 206: Line 207:
*[[Shanxi Zhongyu]] (2008–09)
*[[Shanxi Zhongyu]] (2008–09)
*[[Snohomish County Explosion]] (2008–09), as ''Everett Explosion'' (2007)
*[[Snohomish County Explosion]] (2008–09), as ''Everett Explosion'' (2007)
*[[Tacoma Tide (IBL)|Tacoma Tide]] (2009–10)
*Tacoma Tide (2009–10)
*[[Tacoma Jazz]] (2007–08)
*[[Tacoma Jazz]] (2007–08)
*[[Tacoma Jets]] (2007), as ''Tacoma Thunder'' (2005–06)
*[[Tacoma Jets]] (2007), as ''Tacoma Thunder'' (2005–06)
*[[Tri Valley Titans]] (2007), as ''Tri City Ballers'' (2006); as ''San Jose Ballers'' (2005)
*[[Tri Valley Titans]] (2007), as ''Tri City Ballers'' (2006); as ''San Jose Ballers'' (2005)
*[[USA All-Stars]] (2008–present)
*[[USA All-Stars]] (2008–2014)
*[[Vancouver Volcanoes]] (2005–present)
*[[Vancouver Volcanoes]] (2005–2014); migrated to [[The Basketball League]]
*[[Washington Raptors]] (2007)
*[[Washington Raptors]] (2007)
*West Coast High Flyers (2008)
*West Coast High Flyers (2008)
*[[West Coast Hotshots]] (2010–present), as ''Central Oregon Hotshots'' (2005–10)
*[[West Coast Hotshots]] (2005–2012), as ''Central Oregon Hotshots'' (2005–10)
*[[West Virginia Wild]] (2006)
*[[West Virginia Wild]] (2006)
*[[Yamhill High Flyers]] (2009–present)
*[[Yamhill High Flyers]] (2009–2012)
|}
|}


== IBL Champions ==
== Champions ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Year !! Champion !! Score !! Runner-Up
! Year !! Champion !! Score !! Runner-up
|-
|-
! 2005
! 2005
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|-
|-
! 2010 Winter
! 2010 Winter
| align=center | [[Kankakee County Soldiers]] || align=center | 88-87 || align="center" | [[Gary Splash]]
| align=center | [[Kankakee County Soldiers]] || align=center | 88-87 || align="center" | Gary Splash
|-
|-
! 2011
! 2011
Line 258: Line 259:
|}
|}


=== Championships by club ===
=== Wins by club ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 279: Line 280:


== Notable people ==
== Notable people ==

=== Commissioners ===
=== Commissioners ===
* Mikal Duilio (2004–July 2011)
* Mikal Duilio (2004–July 2011)
* Sharleen Graf (July 2011–present)
* Sharleen Graf (July 2011 – 2014)


=== Players ===
=== Players ===
Line 293: Line 293:
* [[Bryon Russell]], former [[Utah Jazz]] star
* [[Bryon Russell]], former [[Utah Jazz]] star
* [[Fred Vinson (basketball)|Fred Vinson]], former [[Seattle SuperSonics]] player and current NBA Assistant Coach
* [[Fred Vinson (basketball)|Fred Vinson]], former [[Seattle SuperSonics]] player and current NBA Assistant Coach
* [[Grayson Boucher]] American street ball player


=== Coaches ===
=== Coaches ===
* Rob Ridnour, head coach of the [[Bellingham Slam]] and father of [[Charlotte Hornets]] guard [[Luke Ridnour]]
* Rob Ridnour, head coach of the [[Bellingham Slam]] and father of [[Seattle SuperSonics]] guard [[Luke Ridnour]]
* [[Logan Vander Velden]], head coach of the [[Battle Creek Knights]] and former [[Los Angeles Clippers]] player<ref>"[http://www.iblhoopsonline.com/documents/MicrosoftWord-VanderVeldentakesthehelminBattleCreek.pdf Vander Velden takes the helm in Battle Creek]", IBLHoopsOnline.com, 24 October 2006, International Basketball League, retrieved 27 December 2007</ref>
* [[Logan Vander Velden]], head coach of the [[Battle Creek Knights]] and former [[Los Angeles Clippers]] player<ref>"[http://www.iblhoopsonline.com/documents/MicrosoftWord-VanderVeldentakesthehelminBattleCreek.pdf Vander Velden takes the helm in Battle Creek]", IBLHoopsOnline.com, 24 October 2006, International Basketball League, retrieved 27 December 2007</ref>


== Final regular season standings ==
== Final regular season standings ==
Line 308: Line 309:


{{IBL Teams|state=expanded}}
{{IBL Teams|state=expanded}}
{{Men's professional basketball leagues}}


[[Category:International Basketball League]]
[[Category:International Basketball League| ]]
[[Category:Basketball leagues in the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct basketball leagues in the United States]]
[[Category:Sports leagues established in 2004]]
[[Category:Sports leagues established in 2004]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:2014 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Sports leagues disestablished in 2014]]

Latest revision as of 17:05, 1 January 2024

This article is about the league formed in 2004. For the older unrelated league, see International Basketball League (1999–2001).
International Basketball League (IBL)
International Basketball League logo
SportBasketball
FoundedAugust 2004; 20 years ago (2004-08)
First season2005
Ceased2014
No. of teams13
Countries United States
ContinentFIBA Americas (Americas)
Last
champion(s)		Bellingham Slam (2014)
Most titlesBellingham Slam (4)
Official websitewww.ibl.com

The International Basketball League (IBL) was a semi-professional men's basketball league featuring teams from the West Coast of the United States. In 2010 the Albany Legends became the first team in the Northeastern United States to join. The IBL also sometimes featured teams from China and Japan which temporarily relocated to the United States for the IBL season. The IBL season typically ran from the end of March through July.

History

[edit]

Founded by Portland area sports promoter Mikal Duilio,[1] the league featured rules designed to create a fast-paced, high-scoring brand of basketball. Duilio first began planning for the league with a series of test games in Portland and Seattle in November 2003. These games featured a mixture of traditional college and NBA rules, plus two rules created specifically for the league:

  • The "Immediate Inbound" Rule: After a made basket, the referee threw the ball to a nearby player from the team which had been scored on, instead of a player throwing in the ball from under the basket, to eliminate wasted time.
  • A 22-second shot clock was used instead of the NBA's 24-seconds. A defensive non-shooting foul or kicked ball reset it to 12.

The test games proved popular and resulted in the founding of the IBL in August 2004. Founded with eight teams, the league expanded to 17 by the start of the season in April 2005. Each team played approximately 20 regular season games, most of them centered on their home region, with the teams with the two best records playing in a championship game at the end of the season. The Battle Creek Knights won the inaugural title by going undefeated in the regular season and beating the Dayton Jets in the finals.

In the league's first year, the up-tempo rules resulted in the average team scoring 126.9 points per game, nearly 30 points more than the NBA team average in 2004–05, and slightly higher than the NBA record for points per game by a team in a single season, set by the Denver Nuggets in 1981–82.

In 2010, the league launched a winter season which saw nine different teams compete. Four teams played an entire schedule and thus made them eligible for the playoffs.[2]

In July 2011, Duilio sold the league to Vancouver, Washington, businessman Bryan Hunter.[3] Sharleen Graf was appointed as the league's new commissioner.[4]

In March 2014 the IBL ceased operation as an independent entity and combined with the West Coast Basketball League (WCBL).[5] Teams were split into an 'International Conference' and 'Continental Conference' based on geography. The owner of the NBA over the past decade has actively been internationalizing the game by recruiting potential international players and expanding overseas markets.[6]

Teams

[edit]
International Conference Team City, State Arena Founded Joined
Bellingham Slam Bellingham, WA Whatcom Pavilion 2005 2007
Lone Star Strikers Conroe, TX Oak Ridge High School 2013
Olympia Reign Olympia, WA Little Creek Casino 2008
Portland Chinooks Beaverton, OR Eastmoreland Courts 2009
Salem Sabres Salem, OR Chemeketa Community College 2013
Seattle Flight Seattle, WA North Seattle Community College Wellness Center 2013
Vancouver Volcanoes Vancouver, WA O'Connell Sports Center 2005
Continental Conference Team City, State Arena Founded Joined
Hollywood Shooting Stars Hollywood, California 2012 2014
Los Angeles Team Macleem Los Angeles, California Mt. Carmel Recreation Center 2014 2014
Malibu Beachdogs Mailibu, California 2014 2014
Santa Barbara Breakers Santa Barbara, California Santa Barbara City College 2006 2014
Santa Monica Jump Santa Monica, California 2012 2014
Venice Beach Warriors Venice Beach, California 2013 2014

Joined other leagues

[edit]

Teams history

[edit]

Champions

[edit]
Year Champion Score Runner-up
2005 Battle Creek Knights 124-121 Dayton Jets
2006 Elkhart Express 119-108 (OT) Columbus Cyclones
2007 Elkhart Express 113-109 Portland Chinooks
2008 Bellingham Slam 118-111 Elkhart Express
2009 Los Angeles Lightning 2-1 (best-of 3) Oregon Waves
2010 Summer Albany Legends 126-111 Bellingham Slam
2010 Winter Kankakee County Soldiers 88-87 Gary Splash
2011 Vancouver Volcanoes 124-116 Edmonton Energy
2012 Bellingham Slam 142-109 Portland Chinooks
2013 Bellingham Slam 117-114 Vancouver Volcanoes
2014 Bellingham Slam 143-126 Vancouver Volcanoes

Wins by club

[edit]
Team Championships Summer Seasons Winter Seasons
Bellingham Slam 4 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014
Elkhart Express 2 2006, 2007
Battle Creek Knights 1 2005
Los Angeles Lightning 1 2009
Albany Legends 1 2010
Kankakee County Soldiers 1 2010
Vancouver Volcanoes 1 2011

Notable people

[edit]

Commissioners

[edit]
  • Mikal Duilio (2004–July 2011)
  • Sharleen Graf (July 2011 – 2014)

Players

[edit]

Coaches

[edit]

Final regular season standings

[edit]
Further information: International Basketball League Regular Season Standings

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Portlanders start pro hoops league". Portland Business Journal. 17 August 2004.
  2. ^ IBL 2010/11 Winter Division Championship Tournament
  3. ^ IBL ownership fills void for driven Hunter
  4. ^ "International Basketball League Names New Commissioner". Our Sports Central. 23 July 2011.
  5. ^ "WCBL joins IBL in vision for minor leagues". Our Sports Central. 28 March 2014.
  6. ^ Kawashiri, Kyle (2020-09-02). "The Societal Influence of the NBA". Pop Culture Intersections.
  7. ^ Weekly Sports and Franchise Report
  8. ^ Weekly Sports and Franchise Report
  9. ^ Weekly Sports League and Franchise Report
  10. ^ Titans Decline to Participate on 2011 IBL Season Archived 2010-03-17 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Weekly Sports League and Franchise Report
  12. ^ Weekly Sports League and Franchise Report
  13. ^ "Vander Velden takes the helm in Battle Creek", IBLHoopsOnline.com, 24 October 2006, International Basketball League, retrieved 27 December 2007
[edit]
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