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{{Short description|Indian New Year}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
There are numerous days throughout the year celebrated as '''New Year's Day''' in the different regions of India. The observance is determined by whether the [[lunar calendar|lunar]], [[solar calendar|solar]] or [[lunisolar calendar]] is being followed. For those regions which follow the solar calendar, the new year falls as Baisakhi in Punjab, [[Bohag Bihu]] in [[Assam]], Puthandu in Tamil Nadu, [[Vishu]] in Kerala, [[Pana Sankranti]] or Odia Nababarsa in Odisha and [[Pohela Boishakh|Poila Boishakh]] in Bengal in the month of the calendar, i.e., [[Vaisakha|Vaishakha]]. Generally, this day falls during 14th or 15th of the month of [[April]]. Those following the lunar calendar consider the month of [[Chaitra]] (corresponding to [[March]]-April) as the first month of the year, so the new year is celebrated on the first day of this month like [[Ugadi]] in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, [[Karnataka]] and [[Gudi Padwa]] in Maharashtra. Similarly, few regions in India consider the period between consecutive [[Sankranti|Sankarantis]] as one month and few others take the period between consecutive [[Purnima]]s as a month. In Gujarat the new year is celebrated as the day after [[Diwali]]. As per the Hindu Calendar, it falls on Shukla Paksha Pratipada in the Hindu month of Kartik. As per the Indian Calendar based on the lunar cycle, Kartik is the first month of the year and the New Year in Gujarat falls on the first bright day of Kartik (Ekam). In other parts of India, New Year celebrations begin in the spring.
There are numerous types of '''Indian New Year's days''' celebrated in various regions at various times of the year. Observance is determined by whether the lunar calendar is being following or the solar calendar.


==Calendar View==
==Details==
* Hindu religious festivals are based on [[Vikram Samvat]]. Not withstanding the Purnimanta scheme of months that is in use in North India, the New year in Vikram Samvat starts from the first day of Chaitra [[Shukla Paksha]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQ8iAVwA-yEC&q=purnimanta&pg=PA30|title = The Indian Calendar with Tables of the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan into A.D. Dates & Vice Versa|isbn = 9788120812079|last1 = Sewell|first1 = Robert|last2 = Dikshit|first2 = S. B.|date = 31 May 1995| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
* In [[Gujarat]], the fourth day of [[Diwali]] is celebrated as the first day of the Vikram Samvat calendar month of [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQ8iAVwA-yEC&q=gujarat&pg=PA32|title = The Indian Calendar with Tables of the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan into A.D. Dates & Vice Versa|isbn = 9788120812079|last1 = Sewell|first1 = Robert|last2 = Dikshit|first2 = S. B.|date = 31 May 1995| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher }}</ref>
* Other festivals which are celebrated as new year in India are [[Baha parab]] (among [[Ho people|Ho]], [[Santal people]] and [[Munda people|Munda]]) and [[Sarhul]] (in Jharkhand).

==Calendar view==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! Calendar !! Date !! Festival name !! Region / Communities / Religions<ref>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA136|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|pages=136–137}}</ref>
! Day / Month (Sanskrit/Tithi)
! Solar or Lunar calendar
! Typical Date (Gregorian)
! Indian Festival
! Regions
|-
|-
|| Solar || 1 Vaisakh (13/14 April) || [[Vaisakhi]]|| style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], Himachal Pradesh, [[Jammu]], and parts of [[Delhi]]
| || || Jan 1 || [[New Year]] || [[Christians]]
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Navaratri#Chaitra Navaratri|Chaitra Navaratri]]<br>(Hindu Lunar New Year) || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Bihar]] ([[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]], [[Magahi culture|Magadh]]), [[Uttar Pradesh]] ([[Awadh]], [[Braj]], [[Bagelkhand]], [[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]]-[[Purvanchal]], [[Bundelkhand]], [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]], [[Rohilkhand]]), [[Madhya Pradesh]] ([[Bagelkhand]], [[Bundelkhand]], [[Malwa]], [[Mahakoshal]], [[Gird, India|Gird]]), [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Jharkhand]], and parts of [[Delhi]]
| 1st Day of [[Chet (month)|Chet]] || Solar||March 14, 2017 || Sikh New Year|| The Sikh New Year as per the Sikh [[Nanakshahi]] is marked with revered celebrations throughout the Sikh community.
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Ugadi]]||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], parts of [[Goa]]


| 1st Day of [[Chaitra]] || ||March 29, 2017 || [[Chaitra Navratris]] || [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Jharkhand]]
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Gudi Padwa]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]] ([[Konkan]])

| 1st Day of [[Chaitra]] || Lunar||March 29, 2017 || [[Ugadi]] || [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]]
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Navreh]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Kashmir]]

| 1st Day of [[Chaitra]] ||Lunar ||March 29, 2017 || [[Gudhi Padwa]] || [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Konkan]]
|-
|-
| 1st Day of [[Chaitra]] ||Lunar || March 29, 2017 || [[Sajibu Nongma Panba/Cheiraoba|Sajibu nongma panba]] || [[Manipur]]
|| Lunar || varies, Jun/Jul || Ashadhi Bij || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Kutch]]
|-
|-
| 1st Day of [[Chaitra]] ||Lunar || March 29, 2017 || [[Navreh]] || [[Kashmir]]
|| Lunar || varies, Oct/Nov || [[Sal Mubarak|Nutan Varsh]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Gujarat]]
|-
|-
| 1st Day of [[Chaitra]] ||Lunar ||March 29, 2017 || [[Thapna]] || [[Rajasthan]], [[Marwar]]
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Cheti Chand]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Sindh]], [[Sindhi Hindus]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Mesha Sankranti]]<br>(Hindu Solar New Year) || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Uttarakhand]] ([[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]), [[Nepalis]] ([[Sikkim]], [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration|Darjeeling]])

| 1st Day of [[Chaitra]] || Lunar|| March 29, 2017 || [[Cheti Chand]] || [[Sindh]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Puthandu]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
| ||Solar|| April 15, 2017 || [[Bihu|Rongali Bihu]]
|[[Assam]]
|-
|-
| ||Solar|| April 14, 2017 || [[Puthandu]] || [[Tamil Nadu]]
| rowspan="2" |Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Vishu]]<br>(traditional) || rowspan="2" style="background: #ffad66;"| [[Kerala]]
|-
|-
| | fixed, 17/18 August || [[Kerala New Year (Kollam era)|1st Chingam]]<br>(Kollam era calendar)
| ||Solar|| April 14, 2017 || [[Chingam]] (also known as [[Vishu]]) || [[Kerala]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 14/15 April || [[Bisu Parba]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Tulu Nadu]]
| || Solar||April 14, 2016 || [[Pana Sankranti|Maha Bishuva Sankranti / Bishuva Sankranti]] || [[Odisha]]
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Sajibu Nongma Panba|Sajibu Cheiraoba]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=Arambam Noni|author2=Kangujam Sanatomba|title=Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzjbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA249|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-27066-9|page=249}}</ref> || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Manipur]]
| ||Solar|| April 14, 2016 || [[Baisakhi|Vaisakhi]] || [[Punjab region]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 14/15 Apr || [[Buisu]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Tripura]]
| 1st Day of Magh ||Solar||14 January 2017||[[Maghi]]||[[Punjab, India]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 Apr || [[Bwisagu]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Bodoland Territorial Region|Bodoland]], [[Assam]]
| 1st Day of Vaisakh ||Solar|| April 15, 2017 || [[Poila Boishakh]] || [[Bengal]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Bohag Bihu]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Assam]]
| || Lunar<ref>[https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/muslim/muharram-new-year New Year in Islam], Time and Date</ref> || September 21, 2017 || [[Hijri year]] || [[Muslims]]
|-
|-
| ||Lunar|| October 31, 2016|| [[The first day after Diwali]] || [[Gujarat]]
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 April || [[Pana Sankranti]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Odisha]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 14/15 April || [[Pahela Baishakh]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[West Bengal]] and the wider [[Bengal]] region

|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Jur Sital]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Dec || [[Losoong Festival|Losoong]]/[[Losoong Festival|Namsoong]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Bhutia]], [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]])
|-
|| Lunar ||varies, Feb || [[Losar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Ladakh]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]] ([[Monpa people|Monpa]])
|-
|| Lunar ||varies, Oct/Nov || [[Mha Puja]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Newar people|Newar]])
|-
|| Lunar ||varies, Feb/Mar || [[Gyalpo Lhosar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Sherpa people|Sherpa]])
|-
|| Lunar ||varies, Dec/Jan || [[Tamu Lhosar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Gurung people|Gurung]])
|-
|| Lunar ||varies, Jan/Feb || [[Sonam Lhosar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Tamang people|Tamang]])
|-
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 Apr || [[Sangken]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] ([[Khamti people|Khamti]], [[Jingpo people#Singpho|Singpho]], [[Khamyang people|Khamyang]], [[Tangsa people|Tangsa]]), [[Assam]] ([[Tai Phake people|Tai Phake]], [[Tai Aiton people|Tai Aiton]], [[Turung people|Turung]])
|-
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 Apr || [[Bizhu]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Chakma people|Chakma]]
|-
|| Solar || varies, 17, 18, 19 Aug<ref name="news">{{cite web |url=http://newsworldindia.in/lifestyle/navroz-special-6-fascinating-facts-about-the-festival/108852/ |title=Navroz Mubarak: 6 Fascinating Facts About Parsi New Year! |date=20 March 2017 |website=newsworldindia.in |publisher=News World India |access-date=30 March 2017 |archive-date=31 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331131103/http://newsworldindia.in/lifestyle/navroz-special-6-fascinating-facts-about-the-festival/108852/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> || [[Pateti]] || style="background:lightpink;"| [[Parsi]]s
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 21 March || [[Nowruz]]<ref name="ToI">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/irani-new-year-to-be-celebrated-today-and-tomorrow/articleshow/57719657.cms |title=Irani New Year to be celebrated today and tomorrow |last=Jaisinghani |first=Bella |date=19 March 2017 |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 March 2017 |archive-date=26 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326025407/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/irani-new-year-to-be-celebrated-today-and-tomorrow/articleshow/57719657.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|Mughal records state that Nowruz was celebrated in northwestern Indian subcontinent, but inconsistently. Some Mughal emperors favoring its celebration while others not participating because it was not sanctioned by [[Sharia]]. Aurangzeb banned its celebration in 1659, calling it "festival of fireworshippers" and the celebration as a "stupid act".<ref>{{cite book|author=Stephen P. Blake|title=Time in Early Modern Islam: Calendar, Ceremony, and Chronology in the Safavid, Mughal and Ottoman Empires|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUB-FEpPHsoC&pg=PA91 |year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03023-7|pages=89–91}}</ref>}} || style="background:lightpink;"| [[Zoroastrianism|Iranis/other Zoroastrians]]
|}
|}

==Holi==
{{main article|Holi}}
Holi is celebrated as New Year's Day in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Jharkhand]]. It is celebrated on the last day of the [[Hindu calendar|Hindu month]] [[Phalguna]] which marks the end of winter and start of spring and next day i.e., on the first day of month [[Chaitra]] new year begins. This day is also called as day of the colours. Thus next day of holi is celebrated as New Year in Hindu mythology.

==Ugadi==
{{main article|Ugadi}}
Ugadi and Gudi padwa is celebrated as New Year's Day in '''mid-southern''' states of India [[Andhra pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Konkan]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Telangana]] . The name Ugadi is derived from the name "Yuga Adi", which means 'the beginning of a new age'.<ref>[http://www.udupipages.com/home/festival/ugadi.html Ugadi at udipipages.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330020916/http://www.udupipages.com/home/festival/ugadi.html |date=30 March 2007 }}</ref> It is celebrated on the first day of the [[Hindu calendar|Hindu month]] ''Chaitra'', which marks the onset of spring. It is believed that Lord [[Brahma]], the creator according to [[Hindu tradition]], began creation on this day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://festivals.tajonline.com/ugadi.php |title=Ugadi at tajonline.com |publisher=Festivals.tajonline.com |date= |accessdate=2012-03-17}}</ref> Preparations begin well ahead of the festival. Houses are given a thorough cleaning, people don new clothes and special dishes are prepared, with six flavors.

==Rongali Bihu==
{{main article|Bihu}}
Rongali Bihu or Bohag Bihu (mid-April), is celebrated as the [[Assamese Culture|Assamese]] New Year (around 14–15 April) and the arrival of Spring. This marks the first day of the Hindu solar calendar. The first day of the bihu <last day of the previous year> is called goru bihu or cow bihu, where the cows are washed,smeared with ground turmeric, patted with dighalati/makhiyati, worshipped and gets new ropes. This is followed by manuh (human in Assamese) bihu on 15 April,which is the Assamese New Year Day. People welcomes the spring with cleaned home, neighbourhood and dresses. The third day is Gosai (Gods) bihu when people worship statues of God, all households are cleaned and worshiped hoping for a prosperous and happy new year.

==Gudhi Padwa==
{{main article|Gudhi Padwa}}
[[Gudhi Padwa]] and [[Ugadi]] is celebrated as New Year's Day in '''mid-southern''' states [[Maharashtra]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]] and [[Karnataka]]. It is celebrated on the same day as Ugadi i.e., the first day of the month ''Chaitra''. Courtyards of rural houses are cleaned and plastered with fresh cowdung. Designs called [[Rangoli]]s are drawn on doorsteps. People wear new clothes and special dishes are prepared. Lord Brahma is worshiped on this day and the ''gudhi'', Brahma's flag (also called ''Brahmadhvaj''), is hoisted in every house as a symbolic representation of [[Rama]]'s victory over [[Vali (Ramayana)|Vali]]. ''Gudhi'' means flag and ''Padwa'' means first day of the month according to the lunar calendar in Marathi. So it literally means flag hoisting or to be specific Hoisting of (Brahma's) Flag.

==Puthandu==
{{main article|Puthandu}}
Puthandu, also known as ''Varuda pirappu'', is celebrated as New Year's Day in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is celebrated on the first day of the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] ''Chithirai'', which falls on 14 April. Women draw patterns called ''kolams''. A lamp called a ''kuttuvilaku'' is placed on the center of the ''kolam'', to eradicate darkness. A ritual called ''kanni'' takes place. ''Kanni'' means 'auspicious sight'. People watch jewellery, fruits, vegetables, flowers, nuts, rice etc., as it is a belief among [[Tamil people]] that it brings prosperity. People wear new clothes and special dishes are prepared for the occasion. A [[Temple car|car festival]] is held at Tiruvadamarudur, near Kumbakonam.

==Vishu==
{{main article|Vishu}}
Contrary to popular belief, Vishu ({{lang-ml|വിഷു}}) is celebrated as Malayalam New Year's Day{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} in [[Kerala]]. Vishu falls on the first day of the [[Malayalam calendar|Malayalam month]] of Medam (mid-April on the Gregorian calendar). The Malayalam New Year in Malabar used to be the 1st of Kanni (Bhadrapada–Asvina) and that in the Travancore region was on the 1st of Chingam (Shraavan-Bhadrapad). When the Government of Kerala adopted Kolla Varsham as the Regional Calendar the 1st of Chingam was accepted as the Malayalam New Year. Medom (Chaitra-Vaishakh) is the first month according to the astronomical calendar; it is identical with Chaitra of the Saka(Hindi) Calendar and Medom 1st (onnu) is celebrated as Medaponnu, also called as Vishu.

==Sajibu Nongma Panba/Cheiraoba==
{{main article|Sajibu nongma panba}}
Cheiraoba is celebrated as New Year's Day in [[Manipur]]. Sajibu Cheiraoba is an annual religious celebration in which certain rites and rituals are observed with a traditional devotion. The celebration marks the parting of the old year while welcoming the new year. The name 'Cheiraoba' is a combination of two words which have two different meanings – 'Chahi' (year) and 'laoba' (declaration). So, overall 'Cheirao-ba' means the announcement of the coming year.

Cheiraoba falls on the same day as Ugadi or Gudi Padwa.

==Navreh==
Navreh is the lunar new year which is celebrated in [[Kashmir]]. This coincides with the first day of the Chaitra (spring) Navratras. This day finds mention in Rajtarangini and Nilamat Purana of Kashmir and is regarded as sacred in Kashmir as the [[Shivratri]]. The celebrated Arab scholar Alberuni has written that Kashmiris celebrate the second of [[Navaratra]]s to commemorate victory of their greatest and famous king – [[Lalitaditya]] – with great festivity and pomp. Navreh falls on the same day as Ugadi or Cheiraoba or Gudi Padwa.

==Maha vishuva Sankranti==
{{main article|Vishuva Sankranti}}
Mahavishuva Sankranti, is celebrated as the Odia New Year. On this day, religious people offer delicious [[Bel Pana|Pana]] – a sweet drink made of different types of fruits, water, milk, bela, curd and sugar or jaggery – to the [[Tulsi|Tulsi Plant]], [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] and [[Shalagram]] and their deities in various Temples of the state. People also drink Pana with great enjoyment. During the festival you will find water pots placed on the roadsides to help the thirsty souls. Water is as also offered to animals and birds with equal enthusiasm. This Sankraniti is also known as Pana Sankranit to Jala Sankranti.

This day is also a celebration of [[Hanuman Jayanti]]. Mahabishuda Sankranti is also significant for Jhamu Yatra and this month-long festival comes to an end. Patuas (those who observe it) keep fast and wander to various places to preach the religious significance the festival of the Lord Shiva, [[Parvati|Goddess Parvati]] and Goddess Mangala. On the concluding day, these Patuas discipline their senses for more penance and walk on fire and thorns to concentrate on spirituality for the dignity and propriety of life.

Mahabishuba Sankranti generally falls on 13 or 14 April. It is possible that it is celebrated on same day as [[Puthandu]] in Tamil Nadu.

==Bestu Varas==
Bestu Varas or Bestu Varsh is celebrated as the New Year's Day for Gujaratis and falls on the first day of Kartik, which is a day after Diwali. Traditional Gujaratis follow [[Bikram Samwat|Vikram Samwat]]. According to [[Hindu calendar]] systems, the Vikram calendar begins with the month of Kartik (October/November) in Gujarat and Chaitra (March/April) in north India.

Bestu Varas generally falls in month of October or November. On this day, people greet each other "Nutan Varshabhinandan" (નૂતન વર્ષાભિનંદન), i.e. Happy New Year, or "Saal Mubaarak", an Urdu saying but commonly used by [[Gujarati people]]. The day starts with the heavy fire works, to welcome New Year, in the early morning as Hindu day starts at sunrise. The local young boys sell raw salt (collected from [[Salt evaporation pond]]) calling it "sabras" means all taste, to make the locals' new year prosperous. Houses are decorated with torans (door hangings) made from leaves of the [[Polyalthia longifolia|asopalav tree]] or mango tree and marigold flowers and make [[rangoli]] near the entrance to the house. The people get dressed with new clothes and visit their friends and family to greet them. Home made snacks, "Farsaan" (ફરસાણ) and sweets are offered to the guests and neighbors who come to wish the new year.

==Thapna==
{{Main article|Thapna}}
'''Thapna''' is a [[New Year]] as per [[Marwar]]i calendar ([[Marwari people|Marwari]] Miti). Starting with 1st day of [[Chaitra]] Shudh. On 23 March 2012 Rajasthani new year of 2069 will start.In Rajasthani language people greet each other by saying "Nava baras ri badhaiyan".On this day people do homas([[Yajna]]).

==Cheti Chand==
{{main article|Cheti Chand}}
Cheti Chand is celebrated as New Year's Day by Sindhis, According to the Hindu calendar, Cheti Chand is celebrated on the second day of the Chaitra month known as Chet in Sindhi. Hence it is known as CHET-I-CHAND.

It is the second day of month chaitra i.e. a day after Ugadi and Gudi Padi.

==Chaitti and Basoa/Bishu==

The festivals of Chaitti and Basoa are celebrated as New Year festivals in the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

Chaitti is celebrated on the first day of month of Chaitra which according to the [[Bikram Samwat]] is the first day of year. The first day of this month (Mesha Sankranti or Solar New Year) is considered very important and is celebrated all over the state.

The festival of Basoa, also known as Bishu, is celebrated on the first day of the month of Baisakh. The aboriginal and the farming folk celebrate the Basoa festival. Three days before the festival, people make little cakes with Kodra (a [[Granularity|coarse grain]]) flour and wrap them up in leaves. After three days the cakes ferment, then on the morning of the festival day people invite the married daughters and other relatives and break and eat these cakes with honey and sweet water flavoured with jaggery. A ritual song is sung on this occasion.

==Baisakhi==
[[Baisakhi]], also called Vaisakhi, marks the Punjabi New Year (Sikh and Hindu) in India.<ref>Jain Chanchreek, K. L. Chanchreek, M. K. Jain (2007), [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TicTAQAAIAAJ Encyclopaedia of Great Festivals], Shree Publishers & Distributors, ISBN 978-8183291910 , pages 142-143</ref> Baisakhi is also the Hindu Solar New Year.<ref>Rangaswamy, Padma (2000), Penn State Press [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-UkINIiIuSkC&pg=PA253 Namasté America: Indian Immigrants in an American Metropolis]</ref> It falls on 13th or 14th April every year. Muslim Punjabis follow the Islamic calendar and celebrate Hijri new year, they do not follow the calendars followed by Sikh and Hindu Punjabis.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pakistan Labour Cases|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9NYAAAAYAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Malik Muhammad Saeed|pages=653–654}}</ref>

==Maghi==
According to older calendars which were in vogue prior to establishing [[Vaisakhi]] as the Punjabi new year, the year started with the month of Magh.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yGBaXO54-HwC&pg=PA88&dq=magha+new+yeara+veda&hl Nath, Samir (2002( Dictionary of Vedanta. Sarup & Sons]</ref> Accordingly, rural Punjabis regard [[Maghi]] as a new year too.<ref>Srinivasan Kalyanaraman (2003) Sarasvati: Bharati. Saraswati Sindhu Research Centre [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=M16gAAAAMAAJ&q=Maha_vrata&dq=inauthor:%22Srinivasan+Kalyanaraman%22&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4]</ref> Maghi fairs are held in many places.

==Poila Boishakh==

'''Poila Boishakh''' ({{lang-bn|পহেলা বৈশাখ}}, or '''Bengali New Year''' {{lang-bn|বাংলা নববর্ষ}}, ''Bangla Nôbobôrsho''), is the first day of the [[Bengali calendar]], celebrated on 14 April in the [[Bangladesh]] and 15 April in the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]] by the [[Bengali people]] and also by minor Bengali communities in other Indian states, including [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[Orrisa]]. It coincides with the New Year's days of numerous other calendars like Tamil new year [[Puthandu]]. The traditional greeting for Bengali New Year is {{lang|bn|শুভ নববর্ষ}} "Shubhô Nôbobôrsho" which is literally "Good (or auspicious) New Year".

== Jude-Sheetal ==
{{main article|Maithili New Year}}
Jude-Sheetal (জুড়ি শীতল / जुड़ि शीतल) also known as Pahil Baisakh or Baisakhi or Maithili New Year is the celebration of the first day of the Maithili new year. This day usually falls on 14 April on Gregorian calendar by the Maithils in Mithila region of India and Nepal. This is also called Nirayana Mesh Sankranti or Tirhuta new year in some regions of [[Mithila (ancient)|Mithila]].[1] The festive occasion is in keeping with the Hindu solar calendar. This day falls on the 13–14th or 14–15 April and coincides with the new years of other eastern states of India. Sweets and greetings are exchanged. This day is also called Hanumant Dhwajadanam, the day [[Hanuman]]'s flag (and hence [[Mithila (India)|Mithila]]'s flag) is to be flown. It is also the birthday of Raja Shailesh (Shailesh was the king of Himalayas region of Mithila who won area up to Tibet) whose garden is at the Mahisautha in Siraha district headquarters of Nepal.


== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar]]
*[[Diwali in Gujarat]]
*[[Hindu units of time]]
*[[Hindu units of time]]
*[[Hindu calendar]]
*[[Hindu calendar]]
*[[Indian national calendar]]
*[[Indian national calendar]]
*[[Diwali in Gujarat]]
*[[Lunar New Year]]
*[[Nyepi]], new year in [[Balinese Hinduism]]
*[[South and Southeast Asian solar New Year]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

*[http://www.north-east-india.com/assam/bihu-festival.html Bihu Festival]
==External links==
*[http://festivals.tajonline.com/ugadi.php Ugadi at tajonline.com]
*[http://www.north-east-india.com/assam/bihu-festival.html Bihu Festival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225024153/http://north-east-india.com/assam/bihu-festival.html |date=25 February 2020 }}
*[http://www.baisakhifestival.com/puthandu-in-tamil-nadu.html Puthandu at baisakhifestival.com]
*[http://www.baisakhifestival.com/puthandu-in-tamil-nadu.html Puthandu at baisakhifestival.com]
*[http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Festival_of_Manipur.The_concept_of_Sajibu_Cheiraoba Cheiraoba]
*[http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Festival_of_Manipur.The_concept_of_Sajibu_Cheiraoba Cheiraoba]
*[http://www.koausa.org/Festivals/Navreh/article1.html Navreh – The new year day in Kashmir]
*[http://www.koausa.org/Festivals/Navreh/article1.html Navreh – The new year day in Kashmir]
*[http://www.webindia123.com/Himachal/festivals/festivals1.htm#chai Chaitti and Basoa]


{{New Year by Calendar}}
{{HinduFestivals}}
{{HinduFestivals}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian New Year's Days}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian New Year's Days}}
[[Category:Lists of festivals in India]]
[[Category:Lists of festivals in India|New Year]]
[[Category:New Year in India| ]]
[[Category:New Year in India| ]]

Latest revision as of 16:34, 27 December 2024

There are numerous days throughout the year celebrated as New Year's Day in the different regions of India. The observance is determined by whether the lunar, solar or lunisolar calendar is being followed. For those regions which follow the solar calendar, the new year falls as Baisakhi in Punjab, Bohag Bihu in Assam, Puthandu in Tamil Nadu, Vishu in Kerala, Pana Sankranti or Odia Nababarsa in Odisha and Poila Boishakh in Bengal in the month of the calendar, i.e., Vaishakha. Generally, this day falls during 14th or 15th of the month of April. Those following the lunar calendar consider the month of Chaitra (corresponding to March-April) as the first month of the year, so the new year is celebrated on the first day of this month like Ugadi in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra. Similarly, few regions in India consider the period between consecutive Sankarantis as one month and few others take the period between consecutive Purnimas as a month. In Gujarat the new year is celebrated as the day after Diwali. As per the Hindu Calendar, it falls on Shukla Paksha Pratipada in the Hindu month of Kartik. As per the Indian Calendar based on the lunar cycle, Kartik is the first month of the year and the New Year in Gujarat falls on the first bright day of Kartik (Ekam). In other parts of India, New Year celebrations begin in the spring.

Details

[edit]
  • Hindu religious festivals are based on Vikram Samvat. Not withstanding the Purnimanta scheme of months that is in use in North India, the New year in Vikram Samvat starts from the first day of Chaitra Shukla Paksha.[1]
  • In Gujarat, the fourth day of Diwali is celebrated as the first day of the Vikram Samvat calendar month of Kartik.[2]
  • Other festivals which are celebrated as new year in India are Baha parab (among Ho, Santal people and Munda) and Sarhul (in Jharkhand).

Calendar view

[edit]
Calendar Date Festival name Region / Communities / Religions[3]
Solar 1 Vaisakh (13/14 April) Vaisakhi Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, and parts of Delhi
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Chaitra Navaratri
(Hindu Lunar New Year)		 Bihar (Bhojpur, Magadh), Uttar Pradesh (Awadh, Braj, Bagelkhand, Bhojpur-Purvanchal, Bundelkhand, Kannauj, Rohilkhand), Madhya Pradesh (Bagelkhand, Bundelkhand, Malwa, Mahakoshal, Gird), Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and parts of Delhi
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Ugadi Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, parts of Goa
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Gudi Padwa Maharashtra, Goa (Konkan)
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Navreh Kashmir
Lunar varies, Jun/Jul Ashadhi Bij Kutch
Lunar varies, Oct/Nov Nutan Varsh Gujarat
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Cheti Chand Sindh, Sindhi Hindus
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Mesha Sankranti
(Hindu Solar New Year)		 Uttarakhand (Garhwal and Kumaon), Nepalis (Sikkim, Darjeeling)
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Puthandu Tamil Nadu
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Vishu
(traditional)		 Kerala
fixed, 17/18 August 1st Chingam
(Kollam era calendar)
Solar fixed, 14/15 April Bisu Parba Tulu Nadu
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Sajibu Cheiraoba[4] Manipur
Solar fixed, 14/15 Apr Buisu Tripura
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 Apr Bwisagu Bodoland, Assam
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Bohag Bihu Assam
Solar fixed, 13/14 April Pana Sankranti Odisha
Solar fixed, 14/15 April Pahela Baishakh West Bengal and the wider Bengal region
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Jur Sital Mithila
Lunar varies, Dec Losoong/Namsoong Sikkim (Bhutia, Lepcha)
Lunar varies, Feb Losar Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh (Monpa)
Lunar varies, Oct/Nov Mha Puja Sikkim (Newar)
Lunar varies, Feb/Mar Gyalpo Lhosar Sikkim (Sherpa)
Lunar varies, Dec/Jan Tamu Lhosar Sikkim (Gurung)
Lunar varies, Jan/Feb Sonam Lhosar Sikkim (Tamang)
Solar fixed, 13/14 Apr Sangken Arunachal Pradesh (Khamti, Singpho, Khamyang, Tangsa), Assam (Tai Phake, Tai Aiton, Turung)
Solar fixed, 13/14 Apr Bizhu Chakma
Solar varies, 17, 18, 19 Aug[5] Pateti Parsis
Solar fixed, 21 March Nowruz[6][note 1] Iranis/other Zoroastrians

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Mughal records state that Nowruz was celebrated in northwestern Indian subcontinent, but inconsistently. Some Mughal emperors favoring its celebration while others not participating because it was not sanctioned by Sharia. Aurangzeb banned its celebration in 1659, calling it "festival of fireworshippers" and the celebration as a "stupid act".[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sewell, Robert; Dikshit, S. B. (31 May 1995). The Indian Calendar with Tables of the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan into A.D. Dates & Vice Versa. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. ISBN 9788120812079.
  2. ^ Sewell, Robert; Dikshit, S. B. (31 May 1995). The Indian Calendar with Tables of the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan into A.D. Dates & Vice Versa. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. ISBN 9788120812079.
  3. ^ Roshen Dalal (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. pp. 136–137. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  4. ^ Arambam Noni; Kangujam Sanatomba (2015). Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur. Routledge. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-317-27066-9.
  5. ^ "Navroz Mubarak: 6 Fascinating Facts About Parsi New Year!". newsworldindia.in. News World India. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  6. ^ Jaisinghani, Bella (19 March 2017). "Irani New Year to be celebrated today and tomorrow". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  7. ^ Stephen P. Blake (2013). Time in Early Modern Islam: Calendar, Ceremony, and Chronology in the Safavid, Mughal and Ottoman Empires. Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–91. ISBN 978-1-107-03023-7.
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