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{{short description|Class of 282 Japanese 2-6-2T locomotives}}
{{Infobox locomotive
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = JNR Class C12<br/>Taiwan Railways Class CK120<br/>{{nowrap|North China Transport Class PureA (プレA)}}<br/>China Railways Class PL51<br/>Vietnam Railways Class 131<br/>Indonesian State Railways Class C32
| name = JNR C12
| image = JNR C12 66 20120319.jpg
| image = JNR C12 66 20120319.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Preserved C12 66, on the Mooka Railway, March 2012
| caption = Preserved C12 66, on the Mooka Railway, March 2012
| powertype = Steam
| powertype = Steam
| designer =
| designer =
| builder = {{ubl|[[Nippon Sharyo]] (110)|[[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company]] (56)|Kisha Seizō (44)|[[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]] (17)|[[Hitachi]] (55)}}
| builder = {{ubl|[[Nippon Sharyo]] (110)|[[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company|Kawasaki]] (56)|[[Kisha Seizo|Kisha Seizō]] (44)|[[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|Mitsubishi]] (17)|[[Hitachi]] (55)}}
| ordernumber =
| ordernumber =
| serialnumber =
| serialnumber =
| buildmodel =
| buildmodel =
| builddate = 1932–1947
| builddate = 1932–1947
| totalproduction = 282
| totalproduction = 282
| rebuilder =
| rebuilder =
| rebuilddate =
| rebuilddate =
| numberrebuilt =
| numberrebuilt =
| whytetype = [[2-6-2T]]
| whytetype = [[2-6-2T]]
| uicclass = 1′C1′ h2t
| uicclass = 1′C1′ h2t
| driver = <!-- e.g. 1st, 2nd or 3rd coupled axle -->
| driver = <!-- e.g. 1st, 2nd or 3rd coupled axle -->
| gauge = {{track gauge|1067mm}}
| gauge = {{Plainlist|
* {{Track gauge|1,067mm|lk=on}}
| leadingdiameter =
* {{Track gauge|1,000mm|allk=on}}<br> ([[Vietnam Railways]])
| driverdiameter = {{convert|1400|mm|in|frac=8|abbr=on}}
}}
| leadingdiameter =
| driverdiameter = {{convert|1400|mm|in|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter =
| trailingdiameter =
| tenderdiameter = <!-- tender wheel diameter -->
| tenderdiameter = <!-- tender wheel diameter -->
| minimumcurve =
| minimumcurve =
| wheelbase =
| wheelbase =
| engine total =
| engine total =
| leading =
| leading =
| drivers = <!-- USA terminology -->
| drivers = <!-- USA terminology -->
| coupled = <!-- British terminology -->
| coupled = <!-- British terminology -->
| trailing =
| trailing =
| tender total =
| tender total =
| tendertruck = <!-- USA terminology -->
| tendertruck = <!-- USA terminology -->
| tenderbogie = <!-- British terminology -->
| tenderbogie = <!-- British terminology -->
| pivotcentres = <!-- Garratts, diesels and electrics -->
| pivotcentres = <!-- Garratts, diesels and electrics -->
| wheelspacing = <!-- coupled wheels with asymmetrical wheel spacing -->
| wheelspacing = <!-- coupled wheels with asymmetrical wheel spacing -->
| length = {{convert|11350|mm|ftin|frac=4|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|11350|mm|ftin|frac=4|abbr=on}}
| over couplers =
| over couplers =
| over bufferbeams=
| over bufferbeams =
| width =
| width =
| height = {{convert|3900|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3900|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| frametype =
| frametype =
| axleload = {{convert|10.90|t}}
| axleload = {{convert|10.90|t}}
| leadingbogie/pony= <!-- load on leading bogie or pony wheel -->
| leadingbogie/pony = <!-- load on leading bogie or pony wheel -->
| coupled all = <!-- when the load on all coupled wheels are the same -->
| coupled all = <!-- when the load on all coupled wheels are the same -->
| coupled 1 = <!-- load on 1st coupled wheel -->
| coupled 1 = <!-- load on 1st coupled wheel -->
| coupled 2 = <!-- load on 2nd coupled wheel -->
| coupled 2 = <!-- load on 2nd coupled wheel -->
| coupled 3 = <!-- etc. -->
| coupled 3 = <!-- etc. -->
| trail bogie/pony= <!-- load on trailing bogie or pony wheel -->
| trail bogie/pony = <!-- load on trailing bogie or pony wheel -->
| weightondrivers = {{convert|32.00|t}}
| weightondrivers = {{convert|32.00|t}}
| locoweight = {{convert|50.05|t}}
| locoweight = {{convert|50.05|t}}
| fueltype =
| fueltype =
| fuelcap = {{convert|1.50|t}}
| fuelcap = {{convert|1.50|t}}
| watercap = {{convert|5500|l}}
| watercap = {{convert|5500|L}}
| sandcap =
| sandcap =
| fireboxtype = <!-- Round-top, Belpaire, combustion chamber, etc. -->
| fireboxtype = <!-- Round-top, Belpaire, combustion chamber, etc. -->
| firearea = {{convert|1.30|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| firearea = {{convert|1.30|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| boiler = <!-- Watson Standard no. x, etc -->
| boiler = <!-- Watson Standard no. x, etc -->
| boilertype = <!-- Domeless, etc -->
| boilertype = <!-- Domeless, etc -->
| pitch = <!-- height of boiler centreline above the railhead -->
| pitch = <!-- height of boiler centreline above the railhead -->
| diameterinside =
| diameterinside =
| lengthinside = {{convert|3200|mm|ftin|frac=4|abbr=on}}
| lengthinside = {{convert|3200|mm|ftin|frac=4|abbr=on}}
| smalltubediameter= {{convert|45|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}, 68 off
| smalltubediameter = {{convert|45|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}, 68 off
| largetubediameter= {{convert|127|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}, 16 off
| largetubediameter = {{convert|127|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}}, 16 off
| boilerpressure = {{convert|14.0|kg/cm2|MPa psi|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| boilerpressure = {{convert|14.0|kg/cm2|MPa psi|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}
| safetyvalvetype = <!-- Salter spring balance, Ramsbottom, Pop, etc. -->
| safetyvalvetype = <!-- Salter spring balance, Ramsbottom, Pop, etc. -->
| feedwaterheater =
| feedwaterheater =
| totalsurface = {{convert|53.5|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| totalsurface = {{convert|53.5|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| tubearea =
| tubearea =
| archarea =
| archarea =
| fluearea =
| fluearea =
| tubesandflues = {{convert|46.1|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| tubesandflues = {{convert|46.1|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| fireboxarea = {{convert|7.4|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| fireboxarea = {{convert|7.4|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| superheatertype =
| superheatertype =
| superheaterarea = {{convert|19.8|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| superheaterarea = {{convert|19.8|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
| cylindercount = Two, outside
| cylindercount = Two, outside
| cylindersize = {{convert|400|x|610|mm|in|frac=16}}
| cylindersize = {{convert|400|x|610|mm|in|frac=16}}
| valvegear = [[Walschaerts valve gear|Walschaerts]]
| valvegear = [[Walschaerts valve gear|Walschaerts]]
| valvetype =
| valvetype =
| valvetravel =
| valvetravel =
| valvelap =
| valvelap =
| valvelead =
| valvelead =
| transmission =
| transmission =
| trainheating =
| trainheating =
| locobrakes =
| locobrakes =
| locobrakeforce =
| locobrakeforce =
| trainbrakes =
| trainbrakes =
| safety =
| safety =
| coupling =
| coupling =
| maxspeed =
| maxspeed =
| poweroutput = {{convert|505|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput = {{convert|505|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|81.356|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|81.356|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
| factorofadhesion =
| factorofadhesion =
| operator = {{ubl|[[Japanese Government Railways]]|[[Japanese National Railways]]}}
| operator = {{ubl|[[Japanese Government Railways]]|[[Japanese National Railways]]|[[North China Transportation Company|North China Transport]]|[[China Railway]]|[[Taiwan Railways Administration|Taiwan Railways]]|[[Vietnam Railways]]|[[Kereta Api Indonesia|Indonesian State Railways]]}}
| operatorclass = C12
| operatorclass = {{ubl|JGR/JNR: C12|NCTC: プレA|CR: PL51|TRA: CK120|VR: 131|IR: C32}}
| powerclass =
| powerclass =
| numinclass =
| numinclass = {{ubl|JGR/JNR: 282|NCTC: 60|CR: 60|TRA: 7|IR: 2}}
| fleetnumbers = {{ubl|JGR/JNR: C12 1–C12 282|NCTC: プレA1501−プレA1560|TRA: CK121−CK127|IR: C3201-C3202}}
| fleetnumbers = C12 1 – C12 282
| officialname =
| officialname =
| nicknames =
| nicknames =
| axleloadclass =
| axleloadclass =
| locale =
| locale =
| deliverydate =
| deliverydate =
| firstrundate =
| firstrundate =
| lastrundate =
| lastrundate =
| retiredate = 1970 (Japan),<br/>1971-1976 (Vietnam),<br/>1975-1983 (China),<br/>1982-1989 (Taiwan),<br/>1980 (Indonesia)
| retiredate =
| withdrawndate =
| withdrawndate =
| preservedunits =
| preservedunits =
| restoredate =
| restoredate =
| scrapdate =
| scrapdate =
| currentowner =
| currentowner =
| disposition =
| disposition =
| notes =
| notes =
}}
}}


The '''Class C12''' is a type of [[2-6-2T]] [[steam locomotive]] built by the [[Japanese Government Railways]] and the [[Japanese National Railways]] from 1932 to 1947. A total of 282 Class C12 locomotives were built.
The '''Class C12''' is a type of [[2-6-2T]] [[steam locomotive]] built by the [[Japanese Government Railways]] and the [[Japanese National Railways]] from 1932 to 1947. A total of 282 Class C12 locomotives were built and designed by [[Hideo Shima]].

== Service in outside of Japan ==
== Service outside Japan ==
=== China Railways PL51 and Vietnam Railways 131 ===
===North China Transport プレA, China Railways PL51, Vietnam Railways 131 ===
From 1938 to 1939, 60 C12s was converted to [[metre gauge]] and shipped to the North China Transport, where it operated primarily between [[Zhengding]] and [[Taiyuan]]. They were classified '''プレA'''. In 1939 [[Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan Railway]] was converted to standard gauge, these locomotives removed to [[Datong–Puzhou Railway]] north section. After the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]], they were taken over by the [[China Railway]], where they were classified '''ㄆㄌ51''' ('''PL51''') in 1951.<ref>[http://www.kurogane-rail.jp/osjnrsl/evt_c12.html ''C12 class in Vietnam'']_Kurogane No Michi</ref> In 1956 the Datong–Puzhou Railway north section was reconverted to [[standard gauge]], they were transferred to [[Vietnam]], and they were classified '''131'''.<ref>[http://railvn.byethost3.com/131.html ''131 Class_2-6-2 Tank Locomotive'']_Railways in Vietnam website</ref>
From 1938 to 1939, 60 C12s were converted to [[metre gauge]] and shipped to the [[North China Transportation Company]], where they operated primarily between [[Zhengding]] and [[Taiyuan]]. They were classified '''プレA''' (''Pure''A). In 1939 [[Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan Railway]] was converted to standard gauge, these locomotives removed to [[Datong–Puzhou Railway]] north section. After the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]], they were taken over by the [[China Railway]], where they were classified '''ㄆㄌ51''' in 1951, and '''PL51''' in 1959.<ref>[http://www.kurogane-rail.jp/osjnrsl/evt_c12.html ''C12 class in Vietnam''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913091550/http://kurogane-rail.jp/osjnrsl/evt_c12.html |date=2016-09-13 }} _Kurogane No Michi</ref> In 1956 the Datong–Puzhou Railway north section was reconverted to [[standard gauge]], they were transferred to [[Vietnam]], and they were classified '''131'''.<ref>[http://railvn.byethost3.com/131.html ''131 Class_2-6-2 Tank Locomotive''] _Railways in Vietnam website</ref>


=== Taiwan Railways Administration CK120 ===
=== Taiwan Railways Administration CK120 ===
From 1936 to 1941, the Nippon-Sharyo was built in 7 C12s for [[Governor-General of Taiwan]] Railway. After [[World War II]], they were taken over by [[Taiwan Railways Administration]], and they were classified '''CK120'''.<ref>[http://www.kurogane-rail.jp/traloco/etrack120.html ''CK120 class'']_Kurogane No Michi</ref> CK124 is preserved at [[Changhua]] Locomotive Depot.
From 1936 to 1941, the Nippon-Sharyo was built in 7 C12s for [[Governor-General of Taiwan]] Railway. After [[World War II]], they were taken over by [[Taiwan Railways Administration]], and they were classified '''CK120'''.<ref>[http://www.kurogane-rail.jp/traloco/etrack120.html ''CK120 class''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330174339/http://www.kurogane-rail.jp/traloco/etrack120.html |date=2017-03-30 }} _Kurogane No Michi</ref> CK124 is preserved at [[Changhua]] Locomotive Depot.

===Indonesian State Railways Class C32===
In 1943, the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] sent two locomotives, C12 94 and C12 168, to [[Surabaya]], [[Java]] for a military transport with a 1067&nbsp;mm gauge. They were based at Sidotopo depot.<ref name="lokouap">Prayogo, Prabowo, Radityo 2017, p. 83</ref> The original [[knuckle coupler]] were replaced with [[Norwegian coupling|Norwegian coupler]].<ref name="JalanBaja">{{cite web|url=https://jalanbaja.medarrieworks.com/index.php/2020/02/26/lokomotif-uap-c32/|title=LOKOMOTIF UAP C32|website=jalanbaja.medarrieworks.com|date=26 February 2020|access-date=23 May 2021|language=id}}</ref> After the war, the two locomotives were received by the [[Kereta Api Indonesia|Indonesian Railways]] and were classed as C32. The Indonesian Railways only used them as [[shunter]]s for goods wagons in Surabaya as they were [[Loading gauge#Out of gauge 2|out of gauge]] for the Indonesian [[loading gauge]].<ref name="JalanBaja"/> Both of the locomotives were scrapped around 1980s.<ref name="lokouap"/>


==Preserved examples==
==Preserved examples==
A large number of Class C12 locomotives are preserved, as listed below, with some in working order.
At least 26 Class C12 locomotives are preserved, as listed below, with four in working order.


===Operational===
=== Japan ===
* '''C12 66''': [[Mooka Railway Mooka Line]], [[Mooka, Tochigi]] (operational)<ref name="sasada2012">{{cite book |script-title=ja:国鉄&JR保存車大全 |trans_title= JNR & JR Preserved Rolling Stock Complete Guide| last = Sasada| first = Masahiro| publisher = Ikaros Publications Ltd.| date = September 2012 | location = Tokyo, Japan| pages = 131–132| isbn = 978-4863206175}}</ref>
* '''C12 66''': [[Mooka Railway Mooka Line]], [[Mooka, Tochigi]] (operational)<ref name="sasada2012">{{cite book |last=Sasada |first=Masahiro |date=September 2012 |publisher=Ikaros Publications Ltd. |isbn=978-4863206175 |location=Tokyo, Japan |pages=131–132 |script-title=ja:国鉄&JR保存車大全 |trans-title=JNR & JR Preserved Rolling Stock Complete Guide}}</ref>
* '''C12 164''': [[Ōigawa Railway]], [[Shimada, Shizuoka]] (operational)<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 167''': [[Wakasa Railway]] (operational, runs on compressed air)<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 244''': [[Akechi Line]] (operational, runs on compressed air)<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 2''': [[Mikasa, Hokkaido]]<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 5'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 6'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 29'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 38'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 49'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 60'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 64'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 67''': Preserved in front of [[Chino Station]] in [[Chino, Nagano]].<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 69'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 74'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 85'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 88''': [[Itoigawa, Niigata]]<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 163'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 164''': Operated on the [[Ōigawa Railway]] until 2005.
* '''C12 171'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 187'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 199'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 208''': [[Ōigawa Railway]], [[Shimada, Shizuoka]] (used for spares)<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 222'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 230'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 231''': Preserved in front of [[Uchiko Station]] in [[Uchiko, Ehime]].<ref name="sasada2012" /> Built in 1939 and withdrawn in 1970, it was first preserved in the grounds of an elementary school before being moved to Uchiko Station in 1997.<ref name="railfan20141225">{{cite web |date=25 December 2014 |script-title=ja: 内子駅前のC12 231の修復工事が完成 |trans-title=Renovation of C12 231 preserved in front of Uchiko Station complete |url=http://railf.jp/news/2014/12/25/160000.html |access-date=25 December 2014 |work=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |publisher=Koyusha Co., Ltd. |language=ja |location=Japan}}</ref>
* '''C12 241'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 259'''<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 280''': Preserved in Komatsushima Station Park in [[Komatsushima, Tokushima]]<ref name="sasada2012" />
* '''C12 287'''<ref name="sasada2012" />


<gallery>
<gallery widths="150" class="center">
File:Japanese-national-railways-C12-164-20120403.jpg|C12 164, April 2012
</gallery>

===Static===
{{Div col}}
* '''C12 2''': [[Mikasa, Hokkaido]]<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 5'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 6'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 29'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 38'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 49'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 60'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 64'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 67'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 69'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 74'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 85'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 88''': [[Itoigawa, Niigata]]<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 119(131-428)''': Preserved in [[Da Lat Railway Station]] in Dalat city, Lam Dong province, Vietnam{{cn|date=January 2017}}
* '''C12 163'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 167'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 171'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 187'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 199'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 208''': [[Ōigawa Railway]], [[Shimada, Shizuoka]] (used for spares)<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 222'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 230'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 231''': Preserved in front of [[Uchiko Station]] in [[Uchiko, Ehime]].<ref name="sasada2012"/> Built in 1939 and withdrawn in 1970, it was first preserved in the grounds of an elementary school before being moved to Uchiko Station in 1997.<ref name="railfan20141225">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2014/12/25/160000.html|script-title=ja: 内子駅前のC12 231の修復工事が完成|trans_title= Renovation of C12 231 preserved in front of Uchiko Station complete|date= 25 December 2014|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 25 December 2014}}</ref>
* '''C12 241'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 244'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 259'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 280''': Preserved in Komatsushima Station Park in [[Komatsushima, Tokushima]]<ref name="sasada2012"/>
* '''C12 287'''<ref name="sasada2012"/>
{{Div col end}}

<gallery>
File:JNR C12 6.JPG|C12 6 at Otaru Museum in July 2007
File:JNR C12 6.JPG|C12 6 at Otaru Museum in July 2007
File:C12 167.jpg|C12 167 in April 2013
File:C12 167.jpg|C12 167 in April 2013
Line 172: Line 171:
File:JNR-C12-241 in uchiko Takamori square.jpg|C12 241 in April 2013
File:JNR-C12-241 in uchiko Takamori square.jpg|C12 241 in April 2013
File:C12 259-1.JPG|C12 259, October 2011
File:C12 259-1.JPG|C12 259, October 2011
File:C12-280 in Komatsushima Station Park.jpg|C12 280 in Komatsushima Station Park in July 2016
File:C12 280 in Komatsushima Station Park.jpg|C12 280 in Komatsushima Station Park in July 2016
File:Japanese-national-railways-C12-164-20120403.jpg|C12 164, April 2012
</gallery>

=== Taiwan ===
* '''C12 4 (CK124)''': [[Taiwan Railways Administration|Taiwan Railways]], Changhua Railway Roundhouse (operational)<ref name="sasada2012"/>

<gallery widths="150" heights="150" class="center">
File:20170308TRA CK124.jpg|CK124
</gallery>

===Vietnam===
* '''C12 119 (131–428)''': Preserved in [[Da Lat Railway Station]] in Dalat city, Lam Dong province, Vietnam

<gallery widths="150" heights="150" class="center">
File:Old vietnamese steam locomotive.jpg|131-428 in Da Lat Station in July 2008
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
{{commons category|C12 steam locomotives}}

* [[Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification]]
* [[Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification]]
* [[List of operational steam locomotives in Japan]]
*[[JNR Class C58]]
*[[JNR Class C63]]


==References==
==References==
{{commons category|C12 steam locomotives}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


* {{cite book|last1=Prayogo|first=Yoga Bagus|last2=Prabowo|first2=Yohanes Sapto|last3=Radityo|first3=Diaz|title=Kereta Api di Indonesia: Sejarah Lokomotif Uap|language=Indonesian|year=2017|publisher=Jogja Bangkit Publisher|location=Yogyakarta|isbn=978-602-0818-55-9}}
{{Locomotives of China}}

{{Jgrsteam}}
{{Japanloco}}
{{Japanloco}}
{{Nctclocos}}
{{Locomotives of China}}
{{Taiwanloco}}
{{Locomotives of Vietnam}}


[[Category:1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Japan]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Japan]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of China]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Metre gauge steam locomotives]]
[[Category:2-6-2T locomotives]]
[[Category:2-6-2T locomotives]]
[[Category:Hitachi locomotives]]
[[Category:Hitachi locomotives]]
Line 192: Line 221:
[[Category:Preserved steam locomotives of Japan]]
[[Category:Preserved steam locomotives of Japan]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1932]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1932]]


{{steam-loco-stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:34, 30 December 2024

JNR Class C12
Taiwan Railways Class CK120
North China Transport Class PureA (プレA)
China Railways Class PL51
Vietnam Railways Class 131
Indonesian State Railways Class C32
Preserved C12 66, on the Mooka Railway, March 2012
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
Builder
Build date1932–1947
Total produced282
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte2-6-2T
 • UIC1′C1′ h2t
Gauge
  • 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
  • 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
    (Vietnam Railways)
Driver dia.1,400 mm (55+1⁄8 in)
Length11,350 mm (37 ft 2+3⁄4 in)
Height3,900 mm (12 ft 9+1⁄2 in)
Axle load10.90 tonnes (10.73 long tons; 12.02 short tons)
Adhesive weight32.00 tonnes (31.49 long tons; 35.27 short tons)
Loco weight50.05 tonnes (49.26 long tons; 55.17 short tons)
Fuel capacity1.50 tonnes (1.48 long tons; 1.65 short tons)
Water cap.5,500 litres (1,200 imp gal; 1,500 US gal)
Firebox:​
 • Grate area1.30 m2 (14.0 sq ft)
Boiler:
​
 • Tube plates3,200 mm (10 ft 6 in)
 • Small tubes45 mm (1+3⁄4 in), 68 off
 • Large tubes127 mm (5 in), 16 off
Boiler pressure14.0 kg/cm2 (1.37 MPa; 199 psi)
Heating surface:​
 • Firebox7.4 m2 (80 sq ft)
 • Tubes and flues46.1 m2 (496 sq ft)
 • Total surface53.5 m2 (576 sq ft)
Superheater:
​
 • Heating area19.8 m2 (213 sq ft)
CylindersTwo, outside
Cylinder size400 by 610 millimetres (15+3⁄4 in × 24 in)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Performance figures
Power output505 PS (371 kW; 498 hp)
Tractive effort81.356 kN (18,290 lbf)
Career
Operators
Class
  • JGR/JNR: C12
  • NCTC: プレA
  • CR: PL51
  • TRA: CK120
  • VR: 131
  • IR: C32
Number in class
  • JGR/JNR: 282
  • NCTC: 60
  • CR: 60
  • TRA: 7
  • IR: 2
Numbers
  • JGR/JNR: C12 1–C12 282
  • NCTC: プレA1501−プレA1560
  • TRA: CK121−CK127
  • IR: C3201-C3202
Retired1970 (Japan),
1971-1976 (Vietnam),
1975-1983 (China),
1982-1989 (Taiwan),
1980 (Indonesia)

The Class C12 is a type of 2-6-2T steam locomotive built by the Japanese Government Railways and the Japanese National Railways from 1932 to 1947. A total of 282 Class C12 locomotives were built and designed by Hideo Shima.

Service outside Japan

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North China Transport プレA, China Railways PL51, Vietnam Railways 131

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From 1938 to 1939, 60 C12s were converted to metre gauge and shipped to the North China Transportation Company, where they operated primarily between Zhengding and Taiyuan. They were classified プレA (PureA). In 1939 Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan Railway was converted to standard gauge, these locomotives removed to Datong–Puzhou Railway north section. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, they were taken over by the China Railway, where they were classified ㄆㄌ51 in 1951, and PL51 in 1959.[1] In 1956 the Datong–Puzhou Railway north section was reconverted to standard gauge, they were transferred to Vietnam, and they were classified 131.[2]

Taiwan Railways Administration CK120

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From 1936 to 1941, the Nippon-Sharyo was built in 7 C12s for Governor-General of Taiwan Railway. After World War II, they were taken over by Taiwan Railways Administration, and they were classified CK120.[3] CK124 is preserved at Changhua Locomotive Depot.

Indonesian State Railways Class C32

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In 1943, the Imperial Japanese Army sent two locomotives, C12 94 and C12 168, to Surabaya, Java for a military transport with a 1067 mm gauge. They were based at Sidotopo depot.[4] The original knuckle coupler were replaced with Norwegian coupler.[5] After the war, the two locomotives were received by the Indonesian Railways and were classed as C32. The Indonesian Railways only used them as shunters for goods wagons in Surabaya as they were out of gauge for the Indonesian loading gauge.[5] Both of the locomotives were scrapped around 1980s.[4]

Preserved examples

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At least 26 Class C12 locomotives are preserved, as listed below, with four in working order.

Japan

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  • C12 6 at Otaru Museum in July 2007
    C12 6 at Otaru Museum in July 2007
  • C12 167 in April 2013
    C12 167 in April 2013
  • C12 187 at Hitachi-Daigo Station in November 2010
    C12 187 at Hitachi-Daigo Station in November 2010
  • C12 231 in front of Uchiko Station in May 2010
    C12 231 in front of Uchiko Station in May 2010
  • C12 241 in April 2013
    C12 241 in April 2013
  • C12 259, October 2011
    C12 259, October 2011
  • C12 280 in Komatsushima Station Park in July 2016
    C12 280 in Komatsushima Station Park in July 2016
  • C12 164, April 2012
    C12 164, April 2012

Taiwan

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  • CK124
    CK124

Vietnam

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  • 131-428 in Da Lat Station in July 2008
    131-428 in Da Lat Station in July 2008

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to C12 steam locomotives.

References

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  1. ^ C12 class in Vietnam Archived 2016-09-13 at the Wayback Machine _Kurogane No Michi
  2. ^ 131 Class_2-6-2 Tank Locomotive _Railways in Vietnam website
  3. ^ CK120 class Archived 2017-03-30 at the Wayback Machine _Kurogane No Michi
  4. ^ a b Prayogo, Prabowo, Radityo 2017, p. 83
  5. ^ a b "LOKOMOTIF UAP C32". jalanbaja.medarrieworks.com (in Indonesian). 26 February 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Sasada, Masahiro (September 2012). 国鉄&JR保存車大全 [JNR & JR Preserved Rolling Stock Complete Guide]. Tokyo, Japan: Ikaros Publications Ltd. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-4863206175.
  7. ^ 内子駅前のC12 231の修復工事が完成 [Renovation of C12 231 preserved in front of Uchiko Station complete]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 25 December 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  • Prayogo, Yoga Bagus; Prabowo, Yohanes Sapto; Radityo, Diaz (2017). Kereta Api di Indonesia: Sejarah Lokomotif Uap (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Jogja Bangkit Publisher. ISBN 978-602-0818-55-9.
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