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{{Short description|Swiss theologian, ethnographer, anthropologist and naturalist (1863–1934)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
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'''Henri-Alexandre Junod''' (17 May 1863 [[Chézard-Saint-Martin|Saint-Martin]], [[Val-de-Ruz]] - 22 April 1934 [[Geneva]]) was a Swiss-born South African missionary, ethnographer, anthropologist, linguist and naturalist, stationed for much of his career at [[Shiluvane]] [[Mission Station]] outside [[Tzaneen]] in [[Limpopo Province]]. He received an early training in Protestant ministry at [[Neuchâtel]], [[Basel]] and [[Berlin]]. He was one of the founding members of the Lemana Training College at Nhjakanhjaka village near the Township of [[Waterval]] at Elim in 1906. Together with Reverend Creux of [[Valdezia]] [[Mission Station]], he codified the language of the [[Tsonga people]], which they called 'Thonga', but later renamed [[Xitsonga]]. Together with a group of Swiss Missionaries, such as [[Georges Liengme]], Arthur Grandjean, A.A Jaques and others, he helped in the establishment of Elim Hospital in 1899. <ref>http://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000047211</ref><ref>http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=22513</ref>
'''Henri-Alexandre Junod''' (17 June 1863 in [[Chézard-Saint-Martin|Saint-Martin]], [[Val-de-Ruz]] – 22 April 1934 in [[Geneva]]) was a Swiss-born South African missionary, ethnographer, anthropologist, linguist and naturalist, stationed for much of his career at [[Shiluvane]] [[mission station]] outside [[Tzaneen]] in [[Limpopo Province]]. He received an early training in Protestant ministry at [[Neuchâtel]], [[Basel]] and [[Berlin]]. He was one of the founding members of the Lemana Training College at {{Proper name|Njhakanjhaka}} village near the Township of [[Waterval]] at Elim in 1906. Together with Reverend Creux of [[Valdezia]] [[mission station]], he codified the language of the [[Tsonga people]], which they called 'Thonga', but later renamed [[Xitsonga]]. Together with a group of Swiss Missionaries, such as [[Georges Liengme]], he helped in the establishment of Elim Hospital in 1899.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Junod, Henri-Alexandre (1863-1934) on JSTOR|url=http://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000047211|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=22513|title=This website was recently revamped|website=www.unisa.ac.za|access-date=2017-11-14}}</ref>


He came from a family of clergy and missionaries and in 1885 received holy orders as a Protestant minister in the Independent Church of Neuchâtel. In 1887, after being accepted by the [[:de:Mission Romande|Mission Suisse Romande]], he was sent to [[Edinburgh]] to study English and medicine.
He came from a family of clergy and missionaries and in 1885 received holy orders as a Protestant minister in the Independent Church of Neuchâtel. In 1887, after being accepted by the [[:de:Mission Romande|Mission Suisse Romande]], he was sent to [[Edinburgh]] to study English and medicine.


Junod sailed for [[Mozambique]] in 1889 and was stationed at Rikatla Mission, some 30 km north of [[Lourenço Marques]]. In 1894 he was working from Lourenço Marques. Some of his early collections were from [[Pinetown]] and [[Howick, KwaZulu-Natal|Howick]]. He soon published a [[Ronga]] grammar, which was followed by essays on the lifestyle and language of the Ronga. In 1896 he returned to Switzerland and stayed until 1899 when he founded an evangelical school at Shiluvane, returning once again in 1906 to Switzerland. During his term at Shiluvane he escaped from the Lowveld heat and fevers by living in a hut on a nearby mountain called Mamotseeri or Mamotsuiri. In 1917 he founded another evangelical school at Rikatla. Junod returned to Switzerland in 1921 but maintained his work and interest in African ethnography. His ashes were interred at Rikatla.
Junod sailed for [[Mozambique]] in 1889 and was stationed at Rikatla Mission, some 30&nbsp;km north of [[Lourenço Marques]]. In 1894 he was working from Lourenço Marques. Some of his early collections were from [[Pinetown]] and [[Howick, KwaZulu-Natal|Howick]]. He soon published a [[Ronga]] grammar, which was followed by essays on the lifestyle and language of the Ronga. In 1896 he returned to Switzerland and stayed until 1899 when he founded an evangelical school at Shiluvane, returning once again in 1906 to Switzerland. During his term at Shiluvane he escaped from the Lowveld heat and fevers by living in a hut on a nearby mountain called Mamotseeri or Mamotsuiri. In 1917 he founded another evangelical school at Rikatla. Junod returned to Switzerland in 1921 but maintained his work and interest in African ethnography. His ashes were interred at Rikatla.


'The Life of a South African Tribe', which is about the life of [[Tsonga people]], was published in two volumes in 1912, an enlarged version being printed in 1926 and 1962. The work has been translated into several languages and is highly regarded.
'The Life of a South African Tribe', which is about the life of [[Tsonga people]], was published in two volumes in 1912, an enlarged version being printed in 1926 and 1962. The work has been translated into several languages and is highly regarded.


Henri Junod was an exceptional scholar, a member of many societies and with wide interests in the world of natural history, amassing extensive collections of beetles and butterflies. His ethnographer son, Henri-Philippe Junod (1897–1987), wrote a biography 'Henri-A. Junod, Missionaire et Savant, 1863-1934'. <ref>http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/29174/00dissertation.pdf?sequence=1</ref>
Junod was an exceptional scholar, a member of many societies and with wide interests in the world of natural history, amassing extensive collections of beetles and butterflies. His ethnographer son, [[Henri-Philippe Junod]] (1897–1987), wrote a biography 'Henri-A. Junod, Missionaire et Savant, 1863–1934'.<ref name="michler2003">http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/29174/00dissertation.pdf?sequence=1 {{Bare URL PDF|date=September 2022}}</ref> Additionally, several biographical dictionaries or encyclopaedias feature entries on Junod, including ''The international encyclopedia of the social sciences'' (1968), the ''Concise dictionary of the Christian world mission'' (1971), the ''Dictionary of South African biography'' (1972), and the ''Standard encyclopedia of Southern Africa'' (1974).<ref name="michler2003"/> Of these, the entry in ''The international encyclopedia of the social sciences'', by Junod's granddaughter [[Violaine Junod]], is the most detailed.<ref name="michler2003"/>

==References==
* Marcos Vinícius Santos Coelho, "A religião e as possibilidades para uma abordagem histórica sobre a visão de natureza entre os tsonga através do discurso de Henri Junod", ''Métis: história & cultura'', v. 10, n. 19, 2011
* Patrick Harries, ''Butterflies and Barbarians: Swiss Missionaries and Systems of Knowledge in South-East Africa'', Oxford: James Currey, 2007
* Patrick Harries, "Through the eyes of the beholder: HA Junod and the notion of primitive", [["Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies"|''Social Dynamics: A journal of African studies'']], Vol. 19, No.1, 1993
* Patrick Harries, "The anthropologist as historian and liberal: H‐A. Junod and the Thonga", ''Journal of Southern African Studies'', Vol.8, No.1, 1981
* Lorenzo Macagno, "Missionaries and the Ethnographic Imagination. Reflections on the Legacy of Henri-Alexandre Junod (1863–1934)", ''Social Sciences and Missions'' (Leiden: Brill), Volume 22, Number 1, 2009


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.mcsajohannesburg.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=291:with-great-sadness-&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50 Mountain Club of South Africa article]
* [http://www.mcsajohannesburg.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=291:with-great-sadness-&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50 Mountain Club of South Africa article]


==References==
==FOOTNOTES==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Junod, Henri-Alexandre}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Junod, Henri-Alexandre}}
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[[Category:South African Protestant missionaries]]
[[Category:South African Protestant missionaries]]
[[Category:South African naturalists]]
[[Category:South African naturalists]]
[[Category:South African linguists]]
[[Category:Linguists from South Africa]]
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1934 deaths]]
[[Category:1934 deaths]]

Latest revision as of 21:13, 15 December 2024

Henri-Alexandre Junod
Born(1863-06-17)17 June 1863
Saint-Martin, Val-de-Ruz, Switzerland
Died22 April 1934(1934-04-22) (aged 70)
Scientific career
Fields

Henri-Alexandre Junod (17 June 1863 in Saint-Martin, Val-de-Ruz – 22 April 1934 in Geneva) was a Swiss-born South African missionary, ethnographer, anthropologist, linguist and naturalist, stationed for much of his career at Shiluvane mission station outside Tzaneen in Limpopo Province. He received an early training in Protestant ministry at Neuchâtel, Basel and Berlin. He was one of the founding members of the Lemana Training College at Njhakanjhaka village near the Township of Waterval at Elim in 1906. Together with Reverend Creux of Valdezia mission station, he codified the language of the Tsonga people, which they called 'Thonga', but later renamed Xitsonga. Together with a group of Swiss Missionaries, such as Georges Liengme, he helped in the establishment of Elim Hospital in 1899.[1][2]

He came from a family of clergy and missionaries and in 1885 received holy orders as a Protestant minister in the Independent Church of Neuchâtel. In 1887, after being accepted by the Mission Suisse Romande, he was sent to Edinburgh to study English and medicine.

Junod sailed for Mozambique in 1889 and was stationed at Rikatla Mission, some 30 km north of Lourenço Marques. In 1894 he was working from Lourenço Marques. Some of his early collections were from Pinetown and Howick. He soon published a Ronga grammar, which was followed by essays on the lifestyle and language of the Ronga. In 1896 he returned to Switzerland and stayed until 1899 when he founded an evangelical school at Shiluvane, returning once again in 1906 to Switzerland. During his term at Shiluvane he escaped from the Lowveld heat and fevers by living in a hut on a nearby mountain called Mamotseeri or Mamotsuiri. In 1917 he founded another evangelical school at Rikatla. Junod returned to Switzerland in 1921 but maintained his work and interest in African ethnography. His ashes were interred at Rikatla.

'The Life of a South African Tribe', which is about the life of Tsonga people, was published in two volumes in 1912, an enlarged version being printed in 1926 and 1962. The work has been translated into several languages and is highly regarded.

Junod was an exceptional scholar, a member of many societies and with wide interests in the world of natural history, amassing extensive collections of beetles and butterflies. His ethnographer son, Henri-Philippe Junod (1897–1987), wrote a biography 'Henri-A. Junod, Missionaire et Savant, 1863–1934'.[3] Additionally, several biographical dictionaries or encyclopaedias feature entries on Junod, including The international encyclopedia of the social sciences (1968), the Concise dictionary of the Christian world mission (1971), the Dictionary of South African biography (1972), and the Standard encyclopedia of Southern Africa (1974).[3] Of these, the entry in The international encyclopedia of the social sciences, by Junod's granddaughter Violaine Junod, is the most detailed.[3]

References

[edit]
  • Marcos Vinícius Santos Coelho, "A religião e as possibilidades para uma abordagem histórica sobre a visão de natureza entre os tsonga através do discurso de Henri Junod", Métis: história & cultura, v. 10, n. 19, 2011
  • Patrick Harries, Butterflies and Barbarians: Swiss Missionaries and Systems of Knowledge in South-East Africa, Oxford: James Currey, 2007
  • Patrick Harries, "Through the eyes of the beholder: HA Junod and the notion of primitive", Social Dynamics: A journal of African studies, Vol. 19, No.1, 1993
  • Patrick Harries, "The anthropologist as historian and liberal: H‐A. Junod and the Thonga", Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol.8, No.1, 1981
  • Lorenzo Macagno, "Missionaries and the Ethnographic Imagination. Reflections on the Legacy of Henri-Alexandre Junod (1863–1934)", Social Sciences and Missions (Leiden: Brill), Volume 22, Number 1, 2009
[edit]

FOOTNOTES

[edit]
  1. ^ "Junod, Henri-Alexandre (1863-1934) on JSTOR". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ "This website was recently revamped". www.unisa.ac.za. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  3. ^ a b c http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/29174/00dissertation.pdf?sequence=1 [bare URL PDF]
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