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{{short description|2002 film by Danny Boyle}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2011}}
{{about|the horror film|the comics|28 Days Later (comics){{!}}''28 Days Later'' (comics)|the romantic comedy film|28 Days (film){{!}}''28 Days'' (film)}}
{{use British English|date=July 2011}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name = 28 Days Later
| name = 28 Days Later
| image = 28 days later.jpg
| image = 28 days later.jpg
| alt = A monochrome black on red image, with a large biohazard warning symbol and underneath a man walking with London in the background
| image_size = 250px
| caption = UK release poster
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Danny Boyle]]
| director = [[Danny Boyle]]
| producer = [[Andrew Macdonald (producer)|Andrew Macdonald]]
| producer = {{unbulleted list|[[Andrew Macdonald (producer)|Andrew Macdonald]]|[[Jon Burton]]}}
| writer = [[Alex Garland]]
| writer = [[Alex Garland]]
| starring = <!-- film poster has no billing block -->
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Cillian Murphy]]
* [[Naomie Harris]]
* [[Christopher Eccleston]]
* [[Megan Burns]]
* [[Brendan Gleeson]]
}}
| music = [[John Murphy (composer)|John Murphy]]
| music = [[John Murphy (composer)|John Murphy]]
| cinematography = [[Anthony Dod Mantle]]
| cinematography = [[Anthony Dod Mantle]]
Line 16: Line 25:
* [[UK Film Council]]
* [[UK Film Council]]
}}
}}
| distributor = [[Fox Searchlight Pictures]]
| distributor = [[Fox Searchlight Pictures]]{{efn|name=Distributor|In February 2024, the film's distribution rights were transferred from [[Searchlight Pictures]] to [[Sony Pictures]].<ref name="puck" /><ref name="fangoria" />}}
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2002|11|1|United Kingdom}}
| released = {{film date|2002|11|1|df=yes}}
| runtime = 113 minutes<ref name=mojo>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=28dayslater.htm|title=28 Days Later|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref>
| runtime = 113 minutes<ref name=mojo>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1262585345/|title=28 Days Later|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=3 February 2015|archive-date=26 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226150326/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=28dayslater.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| country = United Kingdom
| country = United Kingdom
| language = English
| language = English
| budget = $8 million<ref name=mojo/>
| budget = $8&nbsp;million<ref name=mojo/>
| gross = {{US$|84.7&nbsp;million|long=no}}<ref name="mojo2"/>
| gross = $84.7 million<ref name=mojo/><ref name="mojo2">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=28dayslatersecretcinema.htm|title=28 Days Later (Secret Cinema)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''''28 Days Later''''' is a 2002 British [[apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|post-apocalyptic]] [[horror film]] directed by [[Danny Boyle]], written by [[Alex Garland]], and starring [[Cillian Murphy]], [[Naomie Harris]], [[Brendan Gleeson]], [[Megan Burns]], and [[Christopher Eccleston]]. The plot depicts the breakdown of society following the accidental release of a highly contagious virus and focuses upon the struggle of four survivors to cope with the destruction of the life they once knew.


'''''28 Days Later''''' is a 2002 British [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|post-apocalyptic]] [[horror film]] directed by [[Danny Boyle]] and written by [[Alex Garland]]. It stars [[Cillian Murphy]] as a bicycle courier who awakens from a [[coma]] to discover the accidental release of a highly contagious, aggression-inducing [[virus]] has caused the [[Societal collapse|breakdown of society]]. [[Naomie Harris]], [[Christopher Eccleston]], [[Megan Burns]], and [[Brendan Gleeson]] appear in supporting roles.
Successful both commercially and critically, the film is credited with reinvigorating the [[Zombie (fictional)|zombie]] genre of horror film.<ref name="Bloody-Disgusting" /> The film spawned a 2007 sequel, ''[[28 Weeks Later]]'', a graphic novel titled ''[[28 Days Later: The Aftermath]]'', which expands on the timeline of the outbreak, and a 2009 comic book series titled ''[[28 Days Later (comics)|28 Days Later]]''.


Garland took inspiration from [[George A. Romero]]'s [[Night of the Living Dead (film series)|''Night of the Living Dead'' film series]] and [[John Wyndham]]'s 1951 novel ''[[The Day of the Triffids]].'' Filming took place in various locations in the United Kingdom in 2001. The crew filmed for brief periods during early mornings and temporarily closed streets to capture recognisable and typically busy areas when they were deserted. [[John Murphy (composer)|John Murphy]] composed [[28 Days Later: The Soundtrack Album|an original soundtrack]] for the film, with other instrumental songs by [[Brian Eno]], [[Godspeed You! Black Emperor]] and other artists also being featured.
== Plot ==
In [[Cambridge]], three animal liberation activists break into a medical research laboratory. A scientist in the lab desperately warns them against releasing the captive chimpanzees, which are infected with a highly contagious rage-inducing [[virus]]. Ignoring his pleas, the activists release a chimp, which infects a female activist. She then attacks and infects everyone else present.


''28 Days Later'' was released on 1 November 2002 to critical acclaim and financial success. Grossing more than $82.7 million worldwide on its modest budget of $8 million, it became one of the most profitable horror films of 2002. Reviewers praised Boyle's direction, the cast's performances, Garland's screenplay, the atmosphere and soundtrack. Despite Boyle not considering it a [[zombie film]], ''28 Days Later'' is credited with reinvigorating the zombie genre of horror film and influencing a revival in the genre a decade after its release, with its fast-running infected and character-driven drama.<ref name="hollywoodreporter" /><ref name="Bloody-Disgusting" /> Since its release, it has been featured in several "best-of" film lists and maintained a following, particularly amid the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in the 2020s.
28 days later, in London, Jim, a bicycle courier, awakens from a coma in [[St Thomas' Hospital]]. He finds the entire hospital deserted. He wanders the streets of London, finding it deserted as well, with signs of catastrophe everywhere. Jim enters a church and finds a priest, who turns out to be infected. Jim flees, attracting attention of more infected, but Selena and Mark rescue him. At one of their safehouses, they explain to Jim that while he was in a coma, a virus spread among the populace, resulting in [[societal collapse]]. They claim the virus has been reported in Paris and New York City as well, suggesting the infection has spread worldwide.


The film's success launched its [[28 Days Later (film series)|titular film series]], including ''[[28 Weeks Later]]'' (2007), and ''[[28 Years Later]]'' which is scheduled for release in 2025. [[28 Days Later (film series)#Future|Additional sequels]] are currently in development, while a graphic novel titled ''[[28 Days Later: The Aftermath]]'', and the 2009—2011 comic book series ''[[28 Days Later (comics)|28 Days Later]]'' also expanded the series into other media.
The next day, Selena and Mark accompany Jim to his parents' house in [[Deptford]], where he discovers they committed suicide in bed together. That night, the three are attacked by more infected. Mark is bitten, and Selena kills him. She curtly explains that the virus spreads through blood and saliva and overwhelms its victims in 10 to 20 seconds. She warns that should Jim become infected, she will kill him "in a heartbeat". The two see some blinking [[Christmas]] lights from [[Balfron Tower]] and head there. They discover two more survivors – cab driver Frank and his daughter Hannah – who allow them to take shelter. The next day, Frank informs them that their supplies – particularly water – are dwindling. He plays them a pre-recorded radio broadcast from a military blockade near [[Manchester]], claiming they have "the answer to infection" and promises to protect any survivors who reach them.


== Plot ==
The group board Frank's cab and head to Manchester, bonding with one another during the trip. At the deserted blockade, Frank is infected when a drop of blood falls into his eye. He is killed by the arriving soldiers, who take the remaining survivors to a fortified mansion under the command of Major Henry West. West reveals to Jim that his "answer to infection" entails waiting for the infected to starve to death and luring female survivors into [[sexual slavery]] to repopulate the world. The group attempts to flee, but Jim is captured and chained next to Sergeant Farrell, a dissenting soldier. Farrell shares with Jim his speculation that the virus has not spread beyond [[Great Britain]] and that the country is being quarantined.
<!-- PER WP:FILMPLOT, PLOT SUMMARIES FOR FEATURE-LENGTH FILMS SHOULD BE BETWEEN 400 AND 700 WORDS!-->
A group of animal rights activists infiltrate a laboratory in [[Cambridge]]. One activist frees a chimpanzee, despite being warned by a scientist that it is infected with a highly contagious, aggression-inducing virus called the "Rage Virus." The enraged chimpanzee attacks the activist and within seconds of exposure, she succumbs to the virus and immediately attacks the others, becoming the [[index case|patient zero]] of the [[epidemic]]. The virus spreads rapidly across [[Great Britain]], resulting in total [[societal collapse]].


Twenty-eight days after the initial outbreak, bicycle courier Jim, who had an accident and fell into a [[coma]] before the outbreak, awakens in [[St Thomas' Hospital]] in London. Leaving the completely deserted hospital, Jim wanders the streets of London and eventually enters a church. There, he is chased by infected humans before being rescued by survivors Selena and Mark, who take Jim to their refuge in a streetside store.
The next day, the soldiers prepare the girls for [[gang rape]], while Mitchell ([[Ricci Harnett]]) and Jones ([[Leo Bill]]) lead Jim and Farrell to execution. Mitchell decides to bayonnet the two, prompting Jones to shoot Farrell to spare him a horrible death. When the two soldiers argue after killing Farrell, Jim escapes. Jim lures West and Davis to the blockade, where Jim kills the latter and leaves West stranded for arriving infected. He runs back to the mansion and releases Mailer, an infected soldier West kept for observation. Mailer quickly spreads the infection, infecting Clifton ([[Luke Mably]]) and killing Bedford (Ray Panthaki) and Bell (Junior Laniyan). Jim returns to the mansion and stabs Jones as he attempts to flee from Mailer and Clifton. In the confusion, Mitchell drags Selena upstairs to rape her, but Jim interrupts and kills him. The two reunite with Hannah and run to Frank's cab. Jim is shot by West, who has been waiting inside the cab. Mailer grabs West through the rear window of the cab and kills him. The trio finally leave the mansion.


At Jim's request, the group travel on foot to his parents' house in [[Deptford]]. There, he learns that they died by suicide, leaving a note in which they prayed he did not wake up. As it is too late to return to their hideout, the group decides to stay the night. While the others are asleep, Jim lights a candle and watches home videos to reminisce over memories of his family. The infected, attracted by the light and sound, break into the house. While fending them off, Mark is wounded. Before infection can take hold, Selena immediately hacks Mark to death in front of a horrified Jim.
Another 28 days later, Jim is recovering at a remote cottage. Downstairs, he finds Selena sewing large swaths of fabric when Hannah appears. The three rush outside and unfurl a huge cloth banner, adding the final letter to the word "HELLO" laid out on the meadow. A lone jet flies over the three survivors, the infected are shown dying of starvation, and the pilot calls in a rescue helicopter.


Spotting a makeshift signal from afar, Jim and Selena make their way up [[Balfron Tower]]. They encounter [[Hackney carriage|cab driver]] Frank and his daughter Hannah in one of the apartments. Frank shows them a military broadcast offering protection at a blockade in [[Manchester]]. With supplies dwindling, Frank plans to take Hannah to the blockade. Jim and Selena agree to accompany them.
== Alternative endings ==
The DVD extras include three alternative endings, all of which conclude with Jim dying. Two were filmed, while the third, a more radical departure, was presented only in storyboards. On 25 July 2003, cinemas started showing the alternative ending after the film's credits.<ref name="PlottingAlternativeEndings">{{cite web |accessdate=2 February 2008 |work=[[BBC]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3153077.stm |title=Plotting alternative film endings |date=15 August 2003}}</ref>


The group travels to Manchester in Frank's cab. Upon arriving, they find the blockade deserted. Frustrated, Frank kicks at a crow sitting on top of a handing dead body, resulting in a drop of blood from the dead body falling into Frank's eye, infecting him. Soldiers arrive on the scene and shoot Frank dead.
=== Jim dies at the hospital ===
In this ending, after Jim is shot, Selena and Hannah still rush him to the deserted hospital, but the scene is extended. Selena, with Hannah's assistance, attempts to perform life-saving procedures but cannot revive Jim. Selena is heartbroken and Hannah, distraught, looks to her for guidance. Selena tells Hannah they will go on; they pick up their guns and walk away from Jim's lifeless body. Selena and Hannah, still dressed in ballgowns and fully armed, leave the hospital.


The soldiers bring Jim, Selena, and Hannah to a fortified mansion under the command of Major Henry West. However, the safety promised by the soldiers turns out to be a ruse. West reveals to Jim that the broadcast was intended to lure female survivors into [[sexual slavery]]. Major West has Jim and Sergeant Farrell taken out to be shot after they refuse to go along with his plan, but Jim escapes after Farrell creates a distraction. While hiding in a pile of bodies, Jim sees a jet [[contrail]] in the sky, showing proof of outside survivors for the first time. After luring West away from the mansion, Jim sets off an alarm and releases Private Mailer, an infected soldier kept chained for observations. The remaining soldiers are all infected or killed. Private Mitchell attempts to abduct Selena but Jim surprises and kills him with such ferocity that Selena momentarily fears Jim must be infected. As the mansion is overrun Jim, Selena, and Hannah attempt to leave in Frank's cab, but West, hiding in the back seat, shoots Jim. Hannah retaliates by putting the cab in reverse, allowing Mailer to pull West through the rear window and kill him, while the three survivors drive off.
On the DVD commentary, Boyle and Garland explain that this was the original ending of the film's first cut, which was tested with preview audiences. It was rejected for seeming too bleak; the final exit from the hospital was intended to imply Selena and Hannah's survival, whereas test audiences felt the women were marching off to certain death. Boyle and Garland express a preference for this alternative ending, calling it the "true ending". They comment that this ending brought Jim full circle, as he starts and finishes the story in bed in a deserted hospital. This ending was added in the theatrical release of the film beginning on 25 July 2003, placed after the credits and prefaced with the words, "what if..."<ref name="PlottingAlternativeEndings" />


Another twenty-eight days later, Jim recovers at a remote cottage in [[Cumbria]], where the infected are shown lying openly on the roads, dying of starvation. As a [[Hawker Hunter]] jet flies overhead, Jim, Selena, and Hannah unfurl a huge cloth banner spelling the word "HELLO". The three survivors watch the jet as the pilot spots them.
==== "Hospital Dream" ====
The "Hospital Dream" ending is an extended version of the theatrical alternative ending, wherein Jim dies at the hospital. It is revealed by the director during the optional commentary that this was the full version of the original ending. Jim dreams while unconscious and remembers the final moments on his bicycle before the crash. The footage cuts back and forth between the scene with Selena and Hannah trying to save his life, and the dream sequence. As he gets hit by a car in his flashback, he simultaneously dies on the operating table.


== Cast ==
==== Rescue coda without Jim ====
{{main|List of characters in the 28 Days Later film series|l1=List of characters in the ''28 Days Later'' film series}}
This ending, for which only a rough edit was completed, is an alternative version of the potential rescue sequence shown at the very end of the released film. Here, the scenes are identical, except that this ending was intended to be placed after the first alternative ending wherein Jim dies, so he is absent. When Selena is sewing one of the banner letters in the cottage, she is seen facetiously talking to a chicken instead of Jim. Only Selena and Hannah are seen waving to the jet flying overhead in the final shots.
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Cillian Murphy-2014.jpg
| caption1 = [[Cillian Murphy]]
| image2 = Naomie Harris 2, 2012.jpg
| caption2 = [[Naomie Harris]]
| image3 = Brendan Gleeson.jpg
| total_width = 400
| caption3 = [[Brendan Gleeson]]
}}
* [[Cillian Murphy]] as Jim, a bicycle courier who was previously in a coma
* [[Naomie Harris]] as Selena, a chemist and battle-hardened survivor
* [[Brendan Gleeson]] as Frank, a taxi driver
* [[Megan Burns]] as Hannah, Frank's daughter
* [[Christopher Eccleston]] as Major Henry West, the leader of a group of renegade soldiers in Manchester
* [[Noah Huntley]] as Mark, a survivor and Selena's partner
* [[Stuart McQuarrie]] as Sergeant Farrell, the only one of the renegade soldiers to oppose West
* [[Ricci Harnett]] as Corporal Mitchell, a renegade soldier
* [[Leo Bill]] as Private Jones, a renegade soldier
* [[Luke Mably]] as Private Clifton, a renegade soldier
* Junior Laniyan as Private Bell, a renegade soldier
* [[Ray Panthaki]] as Private Bedford, a renegade soldier
* Sanjay Rambaruth as Private Davis, a renegade soldier
* Marvin Campbell as Private Mailer, a soldier who had been infected before Jim's arrival


Additionally, Alex Palmer, Bindu De Stoppani, and Jukka Hiltunen portray the animal liberation activists, while [[David Schneider (actor)|David Schneider]] portrays a scientist at the laboratory. Christopher Dunne and Emma Hitching appear as Jim's parents. [[Toby Sedgwick]] plays an infected priest encountered by Jim.
=== "Radical Alternative Ending" ===
The "Radical Alternative Ending", rather than a bare ending, is a radically different development of the movie from the midpoint; it was not filmed and is presented on the DVD as a series of illustrated [[storyboards]] with voiceovers by Boyle and Garland. When Frank is infected at the military blockade near Manchester, the soldiers do not enter the story. Instead, Jim, Selena, and Hannah are somehow able to restrain Frank, hoping they will find a cure for the virus nearby as suggested in the radio broadcast. They soon discover that the blockade had protected a large medical research complex, the same one featured in the first scene of the film where the virus was developed. Inside, the party is relieved to find a scientist barricaded inside a room with food and water. He will not open the door because he fears they will take his food, although he does admit that the "answer to infection is here". Unfortunately, he refuses to talk further because he does not want to create an emotional attachment to people who will soon be dead. After hours of failed attempts to break through the door or coax the man out, Jim eventually brings Hannah to the door and explains Frank's situation.


On the DVD commentary, Boyle explains that with the aim of preserving the [[suspension of disbelief]], relatively unknown actors were cast in the film. Cillian Murphy had starred primarily in small independent films, while Naomie Harris had acted on British television as a child, and Megan Burns had only one previous film credit. However, Christopher Eccleston and Brendan Gleeson were well-known [[character actor]]s.
The scientist reluctantly tells them Frank can only be cured with a complete blood transfusion and supplies them with the equipment. After learning that he is the only match with Frank's blood type, Jim sacrifices himself so Frank can survive with his daughter. Just as his journey began, Jim is left alone in the abandoned medical facility, and Selena, Hannah and Frank move into the room with the scientist, as a horde of the infected breaches the complex. The computer monitors show death and destruction come to life around a thrashing, infected Jim, who is strapped to the same table as the chimp had been, in the opening scene. Garland and Boyle explain that they conceived this ending to see what the film would be like if they did not expand the focus beyond the four survivors. They decided against it because the idea of a total blood replacement as a cure was not credible. Boyle said in the DVD commentary that it "didn't make much sense", since the film had already established that one drop of blood can infect a person. "What would we do? Drain him of blood and scrub his veins with bleach?"


== Cast ==
== Production ==
=== Development ===
{{Main|List of 28 Days Later characters}}
Early influences on Garland included the [[George A. Romero]] films ''[[Night of the Living Dead]]'' (1968) and ''[[Dawn of the Dead (1978 film)|Dawn of the Dead]]'' (1978), which he loved as a child but said that he had largely forgotten about the zombie genre until he played the video game ''[[Resident Evil (1996 video game)|Resident Evil]]'' (1996), which reminded him how much he loved zombies after "having not really encountered zombies for quite a while".<ref name="interview">{{cite news |last=Hasan |first=Zaki |title=INTERVIEW: Director Alex Garland on Ex Machina |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/zaki-hasan/interview-director-alex-g_b_7038618.html |work=HuffPost |date=10 April 2015 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=10 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410071357/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/zaki-hasan/interview-director-alex-g_b_7038618.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Ralph |date=2023-06-27 |title='28 Days Later': The Oral History of Danny Boyle's Genre-Redefining Zombie Masterpiece |url=https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/28-days-later-oral-history-danny-boyle-alex-garland |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=[[Inverse (website)|Inverse]] |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611123951/https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/28-days-later-oral-history-danny-boyle-alex-garland |url-status=live }}</ref> Boyle liked Garland's screenplay for a proposed zombie film, having directed the [[The Beach (film)|2000 film adaptation]] of Garland's novel ''[[The Beach (novel)|The Beach]]''.<ref name=":2" />
* [[Cillian Murphy]] as Jim
* [[Naomie Harris]] as Selena
* [[Brendan Gleeson]] as Frank
* [[Christopher Eccleston]] as Major Henry West
* [[Megan Burns]] as Hannah
* [[Noah Huntley]] as Mark
* [[Stuart McQuarrie]] as Sergeant Farrell
* [[Ricci Harnett]] as Corporal Mitchell
* [[Leo Bill]] as Private Jones
* [[Luke Mably]] as Private Clifton
* Junior Laniyan as Private Bell
* Ray Panthaki as Private Bedford
* Sanjay Rambaruth as Private Davis
* Marvin Campbell as Private Mailer
* [[David Schneider (actor)|David Schneider]] as Scientist


Producer [[Andrew Macdonald (producer)|Andrew Macdonald]] had access to funding from the [[National Lottery (United Kingdom)|National Lottery]], and pitched it to [[Universal Pictures]], who declined to support it. Budget constraints proved to be an issue, with [[Christopher Eccleston]] having to take an emergency pay cut.<ref name=":2" />
On the DVD commentary, Boyle explains that, with the aim of preserving the suspension of disbelief, relatively unknown actors were cast in the film. Cillian Murphy had starred primarily in small independent films, while Naomie Harris had acted on British television as a child, and Megan Burns had only one previous film credit. However, Christopher Eccleston and Brendan Gleeson were well-known [[character actor]]s.


On the [[Audio commentary|DVD commentary]], Boyle and Garland frequently call it a [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|post-apocalyptic]] and [[horror film]], commenting on scenes that were quotation of [[George A. Romero]]'s [[Night of the Living Dead (film series)|''Dead'' trilogy]]. During the initial marketing of the film, Boyle tried to distance the film from such labels. Boyle identified [[John Wyndham (writer)|John Wyndham]]'s ''[[The Day of the Triffids]]'' as Garland's original inspiration for the story.<ref name="Guardian2">{{cite news |last=Kermode |first=Mark |date=6 May 2007 |title=A capital place for panic attacks |work=The Guardian|location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/may/06/features.review |url-status=live |access-date=12 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513170940/http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0%2C%2C2073292%2C00.html |archive-date=13 May 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Inglis |first=Becca |date=2022-11-19 |title=28 Days Later gutted the apocalyptic thriller – but is it a zombie movie? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/28-days-later-how-danny-boyle-reanimated-zombie-movie/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FILMMAKER MAGAZINE {{!}} Summer 2003: The Diseased World |url=https://www.filmmakermagazine.com/archives/issues/summer2003/features/diseased_world.html |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=www.filmmakermagazine.com}}</ref>
== Production ==
After director Danny Boyle and producer Andrew Macdonald filmed an adaptation of Alex Garland's novel ''[[The Beach (film)|The Beach]]'', Garland approached Macdonald about his concept for ''28 Days Later.'' In an interview with ''Creative Screenwriting'', Garland explained, "I said to him that I had an idea for a movie about running zombies. I wrote it and sent it to him and the two of us went backwards and forwards with it for a few drafts... At the point I was working on ''28 Days Later'' I had a lot of zombie movies as well as video games like ''Resident Evil'' turning round in my head."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://creativescreenwriting.com/alex-garland-on-screenwriting/|title=Alex Garland on Screenwriting|last=McKittrick|first=Christopher|date=6 January 2016|publisher=Creative Screenwriting|accessdate=6 January 2016}}</ref>


Five months after the film was released in Europe, video game publisher [[NovaLogic]] hosted a [[graffiti]] competition in a cross-promotion with the game ''[[Devastation (video game)|Devastation]]''. The connection was mainly due to the similar theme of a devastated world. The prizes consisted of signed screenplays and posters along with DVDs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.novalogic.com/press.asp?ID=74 |title=DEVASTATION GONE GOLD |date=14 April 2003 |access-date=1 October 2022 |website=[[NovaLogic]] |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611123959/http://www.novalogic.com/press.asp?ID=74 |url-status=live }}</ref> For the zombies, Boyle took inspiration from real-life diseases like Ebola along with aspects of rabies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/features/film-interviews/28-days-later-interview-anniversary-cillian-murphy-danny-boyle-3340282|title='28 Days Later' at 20: Danny Boyle and Cillian Murphy on why it wouldn't get made today|first=Dan|last=Seddon|website=[[NME]]|date=1 November 2022|access-date=11 February 2024|archive-date=11 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611124000/https://www.nme.com/features/film-interviews/28-days-later-interview-anniversary-cillian-murphy-danny-boyle-3340282|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James McAvoy]] auditioned for a role as a zombie.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2013-03/22/james-mcavoy-interview-trance-macbeth-x-men|title=James McAvoy interview on Trance & X:Men Days of Future Past – GQ.COM (UK)|date=26 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326222534/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2013-03/22/james-mcavoy-interview-trance-macbeth-x-men |access-date=11 February 2024|archive-date=26 March 2013}}</ref>
''28 Days Later'' features scenes set in normally bustling parts of London such as [[Westminster Bridge]], [[Piccadilly Circus]], [[Horse Guards Parade]] and [[Oxford Street]]. To depict these locations as desolate, the film crew closed off sections of street for minutes at a time, usually in early morning before sunrise on Sundays and would have typically around 45 minutes after dawn, to shoot the locations devoid of traffic and members of the public – to minimise disruption. Portions of the film were shot on a [[List of Canon camcorders#Canon XL-1s|Canon XL1]] [[digital video]] camera.<ref>{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Bankston |url=http://www.theasc.com/magazine/july03/sub/index.html |title=Anthony Dod Mantle, DFF injects the apocalyptic 28 Days Later with a strain of digital video |work=TheASC.com |date=1 July 2003 |accessdate=1 May 2007}}</ref> DV cameras are much smaller and more manoeuvrable than traditional film cameras, which would have been impractical on such brief shoots. The scenes of the [[M1 motorway]] devoid of traffic were also filmed within very limited time periods. A mobile police roadblock slowed traffic sufficiently, to leave a long section of carriageway empty while the scene was filmed. The section depicted in the film was filmed at [[Milton Keynes]], nowhere near Manchester.{{Citation needed|date=May 2007}} For the London scene where Jim walks by the overturned double-decker bus, the film crew placed the bus on its side and removed it when the shot was finished, all within 20 minutes.{{Citation needed|date=May 2007}} Much of the filming took place prior to the [[11 September attacks]] and in the audio commentary, Boyle notes the parallel between the "missing persons" flyers seen at the beginning of the film and similar flyers posted in New York City in the wake of the attacks. Boyle adds that his crew probably would not have been granted permission to close off [[Whitehall]] for filming after the terrorist attacks in New York. A clapperboard seen in one of the DVD extra features shows filming was still taking place on 8 October 2001.


=== Filming ===
The mansion used in the film was [[Trafalgar House (Wiltshire)|Trafalgar Park]] near [[Salisbury]]. Many rooms in the house, including the [[Giovanni Battista Cipriani|Cipriani]]-painted music room and the main hall, were filmed with minimal set decoration. The scenes occurring upstairs were filmed downstairs, as the mansion's owner resided upstairs.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} The old ruins used as the setting for an idyllic interlude in their journey to Manchester, were those of [[Waverley Abbey]], [[Surrey]]. The end scenes of the film where Jim, Selena and Hannah are living in a rural cottage were filmed around [[Ennerdale Water|Ennerdale]] in [[Cumbria]].<ref name="Cumbria">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/cumbria/content/articles/2006/03/31/cumbriaonfilm_others_feature.shtml |title=Cumbria live |work=[[BBC]] |accessdate=30 September 2010}}</ref> This reflects the motorway road signage in the film which indicates the trio heading north towards the [[Lake District|Lake District National Park]].
[[File:London, United Kingdom (Unsplash mfbEp8lS1hA).jpg|thumb|250x250px|Busy areas of [[Central London]], including [[Westminster Bridge]], had to be filmed early in the morning or while the crew briefly closed streets for the film's opening sequence.]]
The film features scenes set in normally bustling parts of London, such as [[Westminster Bridge]], [[Piccadilly Circus]], [[Horse Guards Parade]] and [[Oxford Street]]. To depict these locations as desolate, the film crew closed off sections of street for minutes at a time, usually in early morning before sunrise on Sundays. They typically had around 45 minutes after dawn to shoot the locations devoid of traffic and members of the public. Portions of the film were shot on a [[Canon XL1S|Canon XL1]] [[digital video]] (DV) camera.<ref>{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Bankston |url=https://theasc.com/magazine/july03/sub/index.html |title=Anthony Dod Mantle, DFF injects the apocalyptic 28 Days Later with a strain of digital video |work=TheASC.com |date=1 July 2003 |access-date=1 May 2007 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120182055/https://theasc.com/magazine/july03/sub/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> DV cameras are much smaller and more manoeuvrable than traditional film cameras, which would have been impractical on such brief shoots. The scenes of the [[M1 motorway]] devoid of traffic were also filmed within limited periods. A mobile police roadblock slowed traffic sufficiently to leave a long section of carriageway empty while the scene was filmed. The section of the motorway depicted in the film is near [[Milton Keynes]], Buckinghamshire, around 150 miles southeast of Manchester.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nigel|first=Freestone|title=The Ultimate British Roads and Motorways Quiz Book: 200 Questions on Road and Motorway History|publisher=Andrews UK|year=2013}}</ref>


For the London scene in which Jim walks by the overturned [[double-decker bus]], the film crew placed the bus on its side and removed it when the shot was finished, all within 20 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|title=28 Days Later : About The Shoot|url=https://www.cinema.com/articles/1468/28-days-later-about-the-shoot.phtml|access-date=22 March 2021|website=cinema.com|archive-date=11 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611123953/https://www.cinema.com/articles/1468/28-days-later-about-the-shoot.phtml|url-status=live}}</ref> The crew had asked permission to place the bus outside [[Downing Street]], but [[Westminster City Council]] ordered them to place it elsewhere. When they arrived at 4am and nobody from the council was present, they placed it outside Downing Street anyway.<ref name=":2" />
On the DVD commentary, Boyle and Garland frequently call it a [[post apocalyptic|post apocalypse]] and [[horror film]], commenting on scenes that were quotation of [[George A. Romero]]'s [[Living Dead#Romero's Dead series|Dead trilogy]]. During the initial marketing of the film Boyle did try to distance the film from such labels. Boyle identified [[John Wyndham (writer)|John Wyndham]]'s ''[[The Day of the Triffids]]'' as Garland's original inspiration for the story.<ref name="Guardian2">{{cite news |url=http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,2073292,00.html |title=A capital place for panic attacks |accessdate=12 May 2007 |work=Guardian News and Media Limited |author=Kermode, Mark |location=London |date=6 May 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513170940/http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,2073292,00.html |archivedate=13 May 2007 <!-- DASHBot --> |deadurl=no}}</ref>


The [[September 11 attacks]] took place during filming.<ref name=":2" /> Boyle notes the parallel between the "missing persons" flyers seen at the beginning of the film and similar flyers posted in New York City in the wake of the attacks. Boyle said his crew probably would not have been granted permission to close off [[Whitehall]] for filming after the terrorist attacks.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Trimble|first=Sarah|year=2010|title=(White) Rage: Affect, Neoliberalism, and the Family in 28 Days Later and 28 Weeks Later|journal=Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies|volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–322 |doi=10.1080/10714413.2010.495255|s2cid=146485661}}</ref> The production team hired an [[optometrist]] to supervise with the red [[contact lens]]es needed for cast members playing the infected.<ref name=":2" />
==Reception==
''28 Days Later'' was a considerable success at the box office and became highly profitable on a budget of about £5 million. In the UK, it took in £6.1 million, while in the US it became a surprise hit, taking over $45 million despite a limited release at fewer than 1,500 screens across the country. The film garnered around $84.7 million worldwide.


The mansion used in the film was [[Trafalgar House (Wiltshire)|Trafalgar Park]] near [[Salisbury]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The History|url=http://trafalgarpark.com/history/|access-date=22 March 2021|website=Trafalgar Park|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302003706/http://trafalgarpark.com/history/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 April 2016|title=This glorious country house was gifted to Horatio Nelson's family after he died in battle. It's up for sale – take a look around.|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/trafalgar-park-sale-inside-12m-country-house-gifted-admiral-nelsons-grieving-family-1554498|access-date=22 March 2021|website=International Business Times UK|archive-date=25 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525013815/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/trafalgar-park-sale-inside-12m-country-house-gifted-admiral-nelsons-grieving-family-1554498|url-status=live}}</ref> Many rooms, including the [[Giovanni Battista Cipriani|Cipriani]]-painted music room and the main hall, were filmed with minimal set decoration. The scenes set upstairs were filmed downstairs, as the mansion's owner resided upstairs.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} The old ruins used as the setting for an idyllic interlude in their journey to Manchester were those of [[Waverley Abbey]], Surrey. The end scenes of the film with Jim, Selena and Hannah living in a rural cottage were filmed around [[Ennerdale Water|Ennerdale]] in Cumbria.<ref name="Cumbria">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cumbria/content/articles/2006/03/31/cumbriaonfilm_others_feature.shtml |title=Cumbria live |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=30 September 2010 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611123953/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cumbria/content/articles/2006/03/31/cumbriaonfilm_others_feature.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
Critical views of the film were very positive. Based on 215 reviews collected by the film review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 87% of critics gave ''28 Days Later'' a positive review.<ref>{{cite web |title=28 Days Later |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/28_days_later |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Flixter]] |accessdate=5 July 2012}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film received a rating of 73 (out of 100) based on 39 reviews.<ref>{{cite web |title=28 Days Later |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/28-days-later |work=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |accessdate=6 June 2010}}</ref>


At a certain point, Macdonald announced to the crew that the production had run out of money. Filming ceased without a closing sequence being shot. After pitching several different ideas for an ending and the original ending which featured Jim's death [[Test screening|tested]] badly with audiences, the studio granted more funding to film the ending scene that was eventually used. The crew organised for a real jet to fly overhead for them to film, as this was cheaper than approximately £70,000 for a [[Computer-generated imagery|computer-generated]] one.<ref name=":2" />
''[[Bravo (US TV channel)|Bravo]]'' awarded it the 100th spot on their list of The 100 Scariest Movie Moments with the commentators explaining that making the zombies move fast for the first time was a bright and effective idea.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 100 Scariest Movie Moments |url=http://www.bravotv.com/The_100_Scariest_Movie_Moments/index.shtml |work=BravoTV.com |accessdate=18 July 2012}}</ref>{{when|date=October 2012}} In 2007, ''[[Stylus Magazine]]'' named it the second best [[List of zombie films|zombie movie]] of all time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stylus Magazine's Top 10 Zombie Films of All Time |url=
http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/movie_review/stylus-magazines-top-10-zombie-films-of-all-time.htm |work=StylusMagazine.com |accessdate=18 July 2012}}</ref> The film also ranked at number 456 in ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]''{{'}}s 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.<ref>[http://www.empireonline.com/500/8.asp "Empire's 500 Greatest Movies of All Times"]. ''[[Empireonline.com]]''. Retrieved 18 July 2012.</ref> [[Bloody Disgusting]] ranked the film seventh in their list of the Top 20 Horror Films of the Decade, with the article saying "Zombie movie? Political allegory? Humanist drama? ''28 Days Later'' is all of those things and more – a genuine work of art by a director at the top of his game. What's so amazing about the film is the way it so expertly balances scenes of white-knuckled, hell-for-leather horror with moments of intimate beauty."<ref name="Bloody-Disgusting">{{cite web |url=http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/18425 |title=00's Retrospect: Bloody Disgusting's Top 20 Films of the Decade... Part 3 |work=[[Bloody Disgusting]] |accessdate=3 January 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224094428/http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/18425? |archivedate=24 December 2009 <!-- DASHBot --> |deadurl=no}}</ref>


=== Accolades ===
=== Alternative endings ===
The DVD extras include three alternative endings, all of which conclude with Jim dying. One of these was filmed, which involved Jim dying of his gunshot wounds.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=2021-06-12 |title=The Original Ending of 28 Days Later Was Far More Haunting |url=https://screenrant.com/28-days-later-movie-alternate-ending-darker/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=ScreenRant |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611124000/https://screenrant.com/28-days-later-movie-alternate-ending-darker/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In another, Jim dreams of the accident that left him in a coma while he dies from his gunshot wounds.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-02-22 |title=28 Days Later (2002) - All Alternate Endings |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOLXWcA5Y1E |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=Youtube}}</ref> The third, a more radical departure, was presented only in [[storyboard]]s; instead of Frank being killed by soldiers after being infected, the other survivors tie him up and discover a research laboratory at the blockade, where Jim undergoes a [[blood transfusion]] in order to save Frank.<ref name=":1" /> The U.S. cinematic release included one of the alternative endings after the film's credits in response to intense online debates over whether or not it was a more appropriate conclusion than the official ending.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2 February 2008 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3153077.stm |title=Plotting alternative film endings |date=15 August 2003 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611123953/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3153077.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Best Horror Film (2003 U.S. Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films&nbsp;— Saturn Award)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saturnawards.org/The-Saturn-Awards-Past-Winners.php?action=search#c|title=Past Saturn Award Recipients|publisher=}}</ref>
* Best British Film (Empire Award)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/empire-awards-2003/|title=The Empire Awards 2003|publisher=}}</ref>
* Danny Boyle (Grand Prize of European Fantasy Film in Silver){{citation needed|date=October 2012}}
* Best Director — Danny Boyle (International Fantasy Film Award)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fantasporto.com/premiados|title=Fantasporto|publisher=}}</ref>
* Best International Film — Danny Boyle ([[Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival|Narcisse Award]]){{citation needed|date=October 2012}}
* Best Breakthrough Performance — Naomie Harris (Black Reel){{citation needed|date=October 2012}}
* Best Cinematographer — Anthony Dod Mantle (European Film Award){{Citation needed|date=February 2009}}


== Music ==
== Music ==
{{Main|28 Days Later: The Soundtrack Album}}
{{main|28 Days Later: The Soundtrack Album}}
{{listen
{{listen
|filename=In The House - In A Heartbeat.ogg
|filename=In The House - In A Heartbeat.ogg
Line 113: Line 120:
|description=Music from the 2002 film ''28 Days Later''.}}
|description=Music from the 2002 film ''28 Days Later''.}}


The film's score was composed by [[John Murphy (composer)|John Murphy]] and was released in a score/song compilation in 2003. It also features notable tracks from [[Brian Eno]], [[Grandaddy]], and [[Blue States (band)|Blue States]].
The film's score was composed by [[John Murphy (composer)|John Murphy]] and was released in a score/song compilation in 2003. The score features [[electric guitar]] and atmospheric [[Electronic music|electronic]] production. It also features notable tracks from [[Brian Eno]], [[Grandaddy]] and [[Blue States (band)|Blue States]].<ref>{{Citation |title=28 Days Later (Enhanced) (Score)/O.S.T. – Original Soundtrack {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/28-days-later-enhanced-score-ost-mw0000033709 |access-date=2022-03-28 |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328093859/https://www.allmusic.com/album/28-days-later-enhanced-score-ost-mw0000033709 |url-status=live }}</ref>


A heavily edited version of the song "East Hastings" by the post-rock band [[Godspeed You! Black Emperor]] appears in the film, but the track is excluded from the soundtrack, because Boyle could only obtain the rights to use it in the film.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,6903,836839,00.html |title=Godspeed You! Black Emperor: Adjusting to Fame After '28 Days Later' |accessdate=26 November 2006 |work=Guardian News and Media Limited |author=[[Kitty Empire]] |location=London |date=10 November 2002 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209205941/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,6903,836839,00.html |archivedate=9 December 2006 <!-- DASHBot --> |deadurl=no}}</ref>
A heavily edited version of the track "[[East Hastings (song)|East Hastings]]" by the [[post-rock]] band [[Godspeed You! Black Emperor]] appears in the film, but the track is excluded from the soundtrack, because Boyle could only obtain the rights to use it in the film.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2002/nov/10/features.review27 |title=Godspeed You! Black Emperor: Adjusting to Fame After '28 Days Later' |access-date=26 November 2006 |work=The Guardian|location=London |author=Kitty Empire |author-link=Kitty Empire |date=10 November 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209205941/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0%2C6903%2C836839%2C00.html |archive-date=9 December 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref>


''28 Days Later: The Soundtrack Album'' was released on 17 June 2003. A modified version of the soundtrack "In The House – In A Heartbeat" was used as the character Big Daddy's theme in the 2010 film ''[[Kick-Ass (film)|Kick-Ass]]''. The same song was played in the latest advertisement campaign of [[Louis Vuitton]], L'Invitation au Voyage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kilic|first=Uygar|title=Louis Vuitton L’Invitation au Voyage Advertisement Campaign: Video and Collection|url=http://carsandlife.net/2012/11/louis-vuitton-linvitation-au-voyage.html|work=Cars & Life|accessdate=28 November 2012}}</ref>
''28 Days Later: The Soundtrack Album'' was released on 17 June 2003. A modified version of the soundtrack "In The House – In A Heartbeat" was used as the character Big Daddy's theme in the 2010 film ''[[Kick-Ass (film)|Kick-Ass]]''. The same song was played in the 2012 advertisement campaign of [[Louis Vuitton]], L'Invitation au Voyage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kilic|first=Uygar|title=Louis Vuitton L'Invitation au Voyage Advertisement Campaign: Video and Collection|url=http://carsandlife.net/2012/11/louis-vuitton-linvitation-au-voyage.html|work=Cars & Life|date=19 November 2012|access-date=28 November 2012|archive-date=6 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206191332/http://www.carsandlife.net/2012/11/louis-vuitton-linvitation-au-voyage.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, the song was remixed to include the theme of ''[[The Terminator]]'' by [[Brad Fiedel]] for the second trailer of ''[[Terminator: Dark Fate]]''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}, and also eventually again remixed and used in the 2019 video game ''[[Metro Exodus]]''.


==Legacy==
== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
''28 Days Later'' was a considerable success at the box office and became highly profitable on a budget of about £5&nbsp;million. In the UK, it took in £6.1&nbsp;million, while in the US, it became a surprise hit, taking over $45&nbsp;million despite a limited release at fewer than 1,500 screens across the country.<ref name=mojo/> The film garnered over {{US$|85.7&nbsp;million|long=no}} worldwide.<ref name="mojo2">{{cite web |title=28 Days Later... |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0289043/ |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=16 February 2021 |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811023732/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0289043/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


=== Critical reception ===
Critical views of the film were positive. On the film review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 87% of 235 critics' reviews gave ''28 Days Later'' a positive review, with an average rating of 7.40/10. The site's consensus reads: "Kinetically directed by Danny Boyle, ''28 Days Later'' is both a terrifying zombie movie and a sharp political allegory."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/28_days_later |title=28 Days Later (2003) |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=4 June 2023 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611130430/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/28_days_later |url-status=live }}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film received a rating of 73 out of 100 based on 39 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/28-days-later |title=28 Days Later... Reviews |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=6 June 2010 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611124956/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/28-days-later/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

''[[Bravo (American TV network)|Bravo]]'' awarded it the 100th spot on their list of 'The 100 Scariest Movie Moments' in a four-episode 2004 television series. The commentators explained that making the zombies move fast for the first time was a bright and effective idea.<ref>{{cite web|title=The 100 Scariest Movie Moments |url=https://www.bravotv.com/The_100_Scariest_Movie_Moments/index.shtml |work=BravoTV.com |access-date=18 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030070540/http://www.bravotv.com/The_100_Scariest_Movie_Moments/index.shtml |archive-date=30 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=The 100 Scariest Movie Moments (TV Mini-Series 2004) – IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0450892/|access-date=22 March 2021|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422111112/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0450892/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2007, ''[[Stylus Magazine]]'' named it the second-best [[List of zombie films|zombie movie]] of all time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stylus Magazine's Top 10 Zombie Films of All Time |url=http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/movie_review/stylus-magazines-top-10-zombie-films-of-all-time.htm |work=StylusMagazine.com |access-date=18 July 2012 |archive-date=31 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231170606/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/movie_review/stylus-magazines-top-10-zombie-films-of-all-time.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film also ranked at number 456 in [[Empire (film magazine)|''Empire'']]'s 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.<ref>[https://www.empireonline.com/500/8.asp "Empire's 500 Greatest Movies of All Times"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924011902/http://www.empireonline.com/500/8.asp |date=24 September 2015 }}. ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]''. Retrieved 18 July 2012.</ref> [[Bloody Disgusting]] ranked the film seventh in their list of the Top 20 Horror Films of the Decade, with the article saying "Zombie movie? Political allegory? Humanist drama? ''28 Days Later'' is all of those things and more—a genuine work of art by a director at the top of his game. What's so amazing about the film is the way it so expertly balances scenes of white-knuckled, hell-for-leather horror with moments of intimate beauty."<ref name="Bloody-Disgusting">{{cite web|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/18425 |title=00's Retrospect: Bloody Disgusting's Top 20 Films of the Decade... Part 3 |work=[[Bloody Disgusting]] |date=18 December 2009 |access-date=3 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224094428/https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/18425 |archive-date=24 December 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' magazine ranked it the [[Time Out 100 best British films|97th-best British film ever]].<ref>[https://www.timeout.com/london/film/100-best-british-films#tab_panel_4 "The 100 best British films"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208092408/http://www.timeout.com/london/film/100-best-british-films-the-full-list |date=8 February 2013 }}. ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]''. Retrieved 24 October 2017</ref>

=== Cultural impact ===
[[File:COVID-19 - Piccadilly Circus, London UK.jpg|thumb|During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], some media commentary compared images of deserted city streets (such as London, pictured) to scenes in ''28 Days Later''.]]
''28 Days Later'' had an impact on [[horror film]]s,<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{cite news |date=29 June 2018 |title=How '28 Days Later' Changed the Horror Genre |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/have-get-a-quiet-place-killed-zombie-genre-1121491 |access-date=31 May 2019 |archive-date=31 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531092014/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/have-get-a-quiet-place-killed-zombie-genre-1121491 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was credited with starting a revival for the [[Zombie film|zombie genre]],<ref name="interview" /><ref name="hollywoodreporter" /><ref name="revival">{{cite news |date=10 May 2013 |title=Is The Zombie Revival Dead? |work=[[HuffPost]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/planet-ivy/zombie-films-revival_b_3252303.html |access-date=31 May 2019}}{{dead link|date=June 2024}}</ref> along with the ''[[Resident Evil]]'' franchise.<ref name="interview" /><ref name="hollywoodreporter" /><ref name="bbc">{{cite news |date=2 August 2012 |title=Vertigo is named 'greatest film of all time' |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-19078948 |access-date=18 August 2012 |archive-date=15 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815153000/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-19078948 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Dawn of the Dead (2004 film)|2004 remake of ''Dawn of the Dead'']], for example, was influenced by ''28 Days Later''.<ref name="interview" /> ''28 Days Later'' was followed by other infection films such as ''[[Shaun of the Dead]]'' (2004), ''[[Black Sheep (2006 New Zealand film)|Black Sheep]]'' (2006),<ref name="revival" /> ''[[Planet Terror]]'' (2007), ''[[Dead Snow]]'' (2009) and ''[[Zombieland]]'' (2009), as well as books such as ''[[World War Z]]'' (2006), ''[[Pride and Prejudice and Zombies]]'' (2009) and ''[[Warm Bodies]]'' (2010),<ref name="hollywoodreporter" /> and zombie-themed graphic novels and television shows such as ''[[The Walking Dead (franchise)|The Walking Dead]]''.<ref name="revival" /> The zombie revival trend lasted for more than a decade after ''28 Days Later'', before eventually declining in popularity by the late 2010s.<ref name="hollywoodreporter" />

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], images of a [[COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom|national lockdown in the United Kingdom]] and [[COVID-19 lockdowns|stay-at-home orders elsewhere]] were compared to the opening sequence of ''28 Days Later''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dobraszczyk |first=Paul |title=Empty cities have long been a post-apocalyptic trope – now, they are a reality |url=https://theconversation.com/empty-cities-have-long-been-a-post-apocalyptic-trope-now-they-are-a-reality-153263 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=The Conversation |date=18 January 2021 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327234353/https://theconversation.com/empty-cities-have-long-been-a-post-apocalyptic-trope-now-they-are-a-reality-153263 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Lee |date=2021-01-26 |title=Video reveals eerily empty London amid strict COVID-19 lockdown |url=https://nypost.com/2021/01/26/deserted-london-streets-look-eerie-amid-covid-19-lockdown/ |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=New York Post |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328091806/https://nypost.com/2021/01/26/deserted-london-streets-look-eerie-amid-covid-19-lockdown/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reis Filho |first=Lúcio |date=2020-07-16 |title=No Safe Space: Zombie Film Tropes during the COVID-19 Pandemic |journal=Space and Culture |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=253–258 |doi=10.1177/1206331220938642 |bibcode=2020SpCul..23..253R |issn=1206-3312|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coronavirus: What can we learn from a Hollywood pandemic? The positives from four outbreak films |url=https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-can-pandemic-disaster-films-help-us-navigate-the-outbreak-11979655 |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=Sky News |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328091806/https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-can-pandemic-disaster-films-help-us-navigate-the-outbreak-11979655 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, Megan Burns said of the film, "When I joined the cast of ''28 Days Later'' I had no idea of how big a cultural impact it would have and what a game-changer it would be to the 'zombie' genre. Even now after all these years, (or perhaps especially now with the current situation) people want to talk about the film and that's incredible."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ewingpublished |first=Jerry |date=2021-10-31 |title=blanket release cover of in the House, In A Heartbeat from 28 Days Later |url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/blanket-release-cover-of-in-the-house-in-a-heartbeat-from-28-days-later |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=loudersound |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611124958/https://www.loudersound.com/news/blanket-release-cover-of-in-the-house-in-a-heartbeat-from-28-days-later |url-status=live }}</ref> Director [[Christopher Nolan]] said he cast Murphy as Scarecrow in ''[[Batman Begins]]'' (2005) after being impressed by his performance in ''28 Days Later''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/movies/oppenheimer-christopher-nolan-cillian-murphy-in-conversation/ |title=Christopher Nolan and Cillian Murphy discuss their epic movie partnership |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=9 June 2024 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509184730/https://ew.com/movies/oppenheimer-christopher-nolan-cillian-murphy-in-conversation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
* Best Horror Film (2003 U.S. Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films&nbsp;– Saturn Award)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saturnawards.org/The-Saturn-Awards-Past-Winners.php?action=search#c|title=Past Saturn Award Recipients|website=saturnawards.org|accessdate=11 February 2024|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225183728/http://www.saturnawards.org/The-Saturn-Awards-Past-Winners.php?action=search#c|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Best British Film (Empire Award)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/empire-awards-2003/|title=The Empire Awards 2003|date=2 May 2003|website=Empire|accessdate=11 February 2024|archive-date=14 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814154232/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/empire-awards-2003/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Danny Boyle (Grand Prize of European Fantasy Film in Silver)<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=28 Days Later...|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0289043/awards|access-date=24 February 2018|archive-date=11 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611125503/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0289043/awards/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Best Director – Danny Boyle (International Fantasy Film Award)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fantasporto.com/premiados|title=Fantasporto|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-date=15 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215201531/http://fantasporto.com/premiados|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Best International Film – Danny Boyle ([[Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival|Narcisse Award]])<ref name=":0"/>
* Best Breakthrough Performance – Naomie Harris (Black Reel)<ref name=":0"/>
* Best Cinematographer – Anthony Dod Mantle (European Film Award)<ref name=":0"/>

== Subsequent media ==
=== Sequels ===
=== Sequels ===
A sequel, ''[[28 Weeks Later]]'', was released on 11 May 2007.<ref>{{cite news|first=Michael |last=Gingold |url=http://www.fangoria.com/news_article.php?id=2322 |title=July 14: Fox sets HILLS II and more release dates |work=[[Fangoria (magazine)|Fangoria]] |date=14 July 2006 |accessdate=1 September 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831234938/http://www.fangoria.com/news_article.php?id=2322 |archivedate=31 August 2006 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> Danny Boyle and [[Alex Garland]] took producing roles alongside [[Andrew Macdonald (producer)|Andrew Macdonald]]. The plot revolves around the arrival of American troops about seven months after the incidents in the original film, attempting to revitalise a nearly desolate Britain. The cast for this sequel includes [[Robert Carlyle]], [[Rose Byrne]], [[Jeremy Renner]], [[Imogen Poots]], [[Harold Perrineau]], [[Catherine McCormack]], Mackintosh Muggleton, and [[Idris Elba]].
A sequel, ''[[28 Weeks Later]]'', was released on 11 May 2007.<ref>{{cite news|first=Michael |last=Gingold |url=https://www.fangoria.com/news_article.php?id=2322 |title=July 14: Fox sets HILLS II and more release dates |work=[[Fangoria (magazine)|Fangoria]] |date=14 July 2006 |access-date=1 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831234938/http://www.fangoria.com/news_article.php?id=2322 |archive-date=31 August 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Danny Boyle and [[Alex Garland]] took producing roles alongside [[Andrew Macdonald (producer)|Andrew Macdonald]]. The plot revolves around the arrival of American troops about seven months after the incidents in the original film, attempting to restore order and revitalise a nearly desolate Britain. The cast includes [[Robert Carlyle]], [[Rose Byrne]], [[Jeremy Renner]], [[Imogen Poots]], [[Harold Perrineau]], [[Catherine McCormack]], Mackintosh Muggleton and [[Idris Elba]].


In March 2007, Danny Boyle claimed to be interested in making a third film in the series, ''[[28 Weeks Later#Sequel|28 Months Later]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=28 Months Later? |url=http://www.moviehole.net/news/20070328_28_months_later.html |work=Moviehole.net |accessdate=18 July 2012}}</ref>
In March 2007, Danny Boyle said that he would be interested in making a third film in the series, ''[[28 Weeks Later#Potential sequel|28 Months Later]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=28 Months Later? |url=http://www.moviehole.net/news/20070328_28_months_later.html |work=Moviehole.net |access-date=18 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012031055/http://www.moviehole.net/news/20070328_28_months_later.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> In 2019, he said "Alex Garland and I have a wonderful idea for the third part".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stolworthy |first1=Jacob |title=28 Days Later: Danny Boyle reveals 'wonderful' idea for third film |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/28-days-later-3-danny-boyle-alex-garland-james-bond-interview-robert-pattinson-a8971776.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624130434/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/28-days-later-3-danny-boyle-alex-garland-james-bond-interview-robert-pattinson-a8971776.html |archive-date=2019-06-24 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |website=The Independent |date=24 June 2019 |access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref>

In January 2024, it was announced that a third film in the series, ''[[28 Years Later]]'', was in development. It is considered the first installment in a potential trilogy, with Boyle directing the first film and Garland writing all three. With a planned $75 million budget per installment, the duo will also produce the trilogy alongside the original producer Andrew Macdonald and former Fox Searchlight Pictures head [[Peter Rice (executive)|Peter Rice]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/28-years-later-in-the-works-1235783306/ |title=Danny Boyle, Alex Garland Teaming for Sequel to Their Zombie Hit '28 Days Later' (Exclusive) |last1=Kit |first1=Borys |last2=Galuppo |first2=Mia |date=10 January 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=11 January 2024 |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520013841/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/28-years-later-in-the-works-1235783306/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cillian Murphy will reprise his role as Jim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Screen Rant |date=17 May 2024 |title=Cillian Murphy Officially Returning For 28 Years Later |website=[[Screen Rant]] |url=https://screenrant.com/28-years-later-cast-cillian-murphy-returning-update/ |access-date=19 October 2024}}</ref>


=== Comic books ===
=== Comic books ===
[[Fox Atomic Comics]], in association with [[HarperCollins]], released a [[graphic novel]] bridging the time gap between ''28 Days Later'' and ''28 Weeks Later'', titled ''[[28 Days Later: The Aftermath]]'', written by [[Steve Niles]].
[[Fox Atomic Comics]], in association with [[HarperCollins]], released a [[graphic novel]] bridging the time gap between ''28 Days Later'' and ''28 Weeks Later'', titled ''[[28 Days Later: The Aftermath]]'', written by [[Steve Niles]].


''[[28 Days Later (comics)|28 Days Later]]'', a comic sequel also linking ''Days'' and ''Weeks'' and produced by Fox Atomic (until its demise) and [[Boom! Studios]], began production in 2009. The series focuses on Selena and answers questions about her in the film and her sequel whereabouts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=20690 |title=BOOM!, Fox Announce "28 Days Later" Comic Book Series |work=ComicBookResources.com |accessdate=18 July 2012}}</ref>
''[[28 Days Later (comics)|28 Days Later]]'', a comic sequel also linking ''Days'' and ''Weeks'' and produced by Fox Atomic (until its demise) and [[Boom! Studios]], began production in 2009. The series focuses on Selena and answers questions about her in the film and her sequel whereabouts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbr.com/?page=article&id=20690 |title=BOOM!, Fox Announce "28 Days Later" Comic Book Series |work=ComicBookResources.com |access-date=18 July 2012 |archive-date=17 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617002332/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=20690 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/jan/11/28-years-later-sequel-28-days-later-danny-boyle-alex-garland |title=28 Years Later: Danny Boyle and Alex Garland reportedly reuniting for third zombie film |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=11 January 2024 |access-date=12 January 2024 |last1=Sun |first1=Michael |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611125502/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/jan/11/28-years-later-sequel-28-days-later-danny-boyle-alex-garland |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Digital availability ==
By November 2022, ''28 Days Later'' had become unavailable on Disney-owned streaming services including its removal from [[Disney+]] Star internationally, hinting that Disney had lost rights to it; only its sequel, ''[[28 Weeks Later]]'' (still owned by Disney), was available on streaming sites.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frisky_Picker |date=2022-12-13 |title=Update: 28 Days Later is nearly unavailable to watch anywhere. |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/horror/comments/zkjff9/update_28_days_later_is_nearly_unavailable_to/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=r/horror |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611125503/https://www.reddit.com/r/horror/comments/zkjff9/update_28_days_later_is_nearly_unavailable_to/?rdt=38262 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=@jowrotethis |url=https://twitter.com/jowrotethis/status/1620463920904572928?lang=en |access-date=2023-07-30 |via=Twitter}}</ref>

In February 2024, it was revealed that producer [[Andrew MacDonald (producer)|Andrew MacDonald]] had bought back the rights to the film from [[Searchlight Pictures]], promptly selling it to [[Sony Pictures]] via [[Columbia Pictures]] along with the upcoming sequel ''[[28 Years Later]]''.<ref name="puck" >{{cite web | url=https://puck.news/ryan-cooglers-25-year-plan/ | title=Ryan Coogler's 25-Year Plan | date=9 February 2024 | access-date=10 February 2024 | archive-date=9 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209071014/https://puck.news/ryan-cooglers-25-year-plan/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="fangoria" >{{Cite web |last=T |first=Amber |date=2024-12-10 |title=Looks Like 28 DAYS LATER Is Finally Coming To Digital |url=https://www.fangoria.com/28-days-later-coming-to-digital/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.fangoria.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2024, following a largely favourable response from the public to the trailer for ''28 Years Later'', Sony announced that it would be making ''28 Days Later'' available for purchase on digital and rental platforms from December 18.<ref>{{cite web|title=’28 Years Later’ Is 2nd Most Watched Horror Trailer Ever; Sony Releasing ’28 Days Later’ On Digital Due To Fan Response|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|date=16 December 2024|access-date=16 December 2024|url=https://deadline.com/2024/12/28-years-later-record-28-days-later-digital-release-1236204600/}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[28 Days Later (film series)]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category|28 Days Later}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|0289043}}
* [http://www.facebook.com/28DaysLaterMovie 28 Days Later] at [[Facebook]]
* {{IMDb title|0289043|28 Days Later}}
* {{AllMovie title|276152}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
* {{Amg movie|276152|28 Days Later}}


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[[Category:28 Days Later (film series)]]
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[[Category:Zombie films]]

Latest revision as of 05:03, 18 December 2024

This article is about the horror film. For the comics, see 28 Days Later (comics). For the romantic comedy film, see 28 Days (film).

28 Days Later
A monochrome black on red image, with a large biohazard warning symbol and underneath a man walking with London in the background
Theatrical release poster
Directed byDanny Boyle
Written byAlex Garland
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyAnthony Dod Mantle
Edited byChris Gill
Music byJohn Murphy
Production
companies
Distributed byFox Searchlight Pictures[a]
Release date
  • 1 November 2002 (2002-11-01)
Running time
113 minutes[3]
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Budget$8 million[3]
Box office$84.7 million[4]

28 Days Later is a 2002 British post-apocalyptic horror film directed by Danny Boyle and written by Alex Garland. It stars Cillian Murphy as a bicycle courier who awakens from a coma to discover the accidental release of a highly contagious, aggression-inducing virus has caused the breakdown of society. Naomie Harris, Christopher Eccleston, Megan Burns, and Brendan Gleeson appear in supporting roles.

Garland took inspiration from George A. Romero's Night of the Living Dead film series and John Wyndham's 1951 novel The Day of the Triffids. Filming took place in various locations in the United Kingdom in 2001. The crew filmed for brief periods during early mornings and temporarily closed streets to capture recognisable and typically busy areas when they were deserted. John Murphy composed an original soundtrack for the film, with other instrumental songs by Brian Eno, Godspeed You! Black Emperor and other artists also being featured.

28 Days Later was released on 1 November 2002 to critical acclaim and financial success. Grossing more than $82.7 million worldwide on its modest budget of $8 million, it became one of the most profitable horror films of 2002. Reviewers praised Boyle's direction, the cast's performances, Garland's screenplay, the atmosphere and soundtrack. Despite Boyle not considering it a zombie film, 28 Days Later is credited with reinvigorating the zombie genre of horror film and influencing a revival in the genre a decade after its release, with its fast-running infected and character-driven drama.[5][6] Since its release, it has been featured in several "best-of" film lists and maintained a following, particularly amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2020s.

The film's success launched its titular film series, including 28 Weeks Later (2007), and 28 Years Later which is scheduled for release in 2025. Additional sequels are currently in development, while a graphic novel titled 28 Days Later: The Aftermath, and the 2009—2011 comic book series 28 Days Later also expanded the series into other media.

Plot

[edit]

A group of animal rights activists infiltrate a laboratory in Cambridge. One activist frees a chimpanzee, despite being warned by a scientist that it is infected with a highly contagious, aggression-inducing virus called the "Rage Virus." The enraged chimpanzee attacks the activist and within seconds of exposure, she succumbs to the virus and immediately attacks the others, becoming the patient zero of the epidemic. The virus spreads rapidly across Great Britain, resulting in total societal collapse.

Twenty-eight days after the initial outbreak, bicycle courier Jim, who had an accident and fell into a coma before the outbreak, awakens in St Thomas' Hospital in London. Leaving the completely deserted hospital, Jim wanders the streets of London and eventually enters a church. There, he is chased by infected humans before being rescued by survivors Selena and Mark, who take Jim to their refuge in a streetside store.

At Jim's request, the group travel on foot to his parents' house in Deptford. There, he learns that they died by suicide, leaving a note in which they prayed he did not wake up. As it is too late to return to their hideout, the group decides to stay the night. While the others are asleep, Jim lights a candle and watches home videos to reminisce over memories of his family. The infected, attracted by the light and sound, break into the house. While fending them off, Mark is wounded. Before infection can take hold, Selena immediately hacks Mark to death in front of a horrified Jim.

Spotting a makeshift signal from afar, Jim and Selena make their way up Balfron Tower. They encounter cab driver Frank and his daughter Hannah in one of the apartments. Frank shows them a military broadcast offering protection at a blockade in Manchester. With supplies dwindling, Frank plans to take Hannah to the blockade. Jim and Selena agree to accompany them.

The group travels to Manchester in Frank's cab. Upon arriving, they find the blockade deserted. Frustrated, Frank kicks at a crow sitting on top of a handing dead body, resulting in a drop of blood from the dead body falling into Frank's eye, infecting him. Soldiers arrive on the scene and shoot Frank dead.

The soldiers bring Jim, Selena, and Hannah to a fortified mansion under the command of Major Henry West. However, the safety promised by the soldiers turns out to be a ruse. West reveals to Jim that the broadcast was intended to lure female survivors into sexual slavery. Major West has Jim and Sergeant Farrell taken out to be shot after they refuse to go along with his plan, but Jim escapes after Farrell creates a distraction. While hiding in a pile of bodies, Jim sees a jet contrail in the sky, showing proof of outside survivors for the first time. After luring West away from the mansion, Jim sets off an alarm and releases Private Mailer, an infected soldier kept chained for observations. The remaining soldiers are all infected or killed. Private Mitchell attempts to abduct Selena but Jim surprises and kills him with such ferocity that Selena momentarily fears Jim must be infected. As the mansion is overrun Jim, Selena, and Hannah attempt to leave in Frank's cab, but West, hiding in the back seat, shoots Jim. Hannah retaliates by putting the cab in reverse, allowing Mailer to pull West through the rear window and kill him, while the three survivors drive off.

Another twenty-eight days later, Jim recovers at a remote cottage in Cumbria, where the infected are shown lying openly on the roads, dying of starvation. As a Hawker Hunter jet flies overhead, Jim, Selena, and Hannah unfurl a huge cloth banner spelling the word "HELLO". The three survivors watch the jet as the pilot spots them.

Cast

[edit]
Main article: List of characters in the 28 Days Later film series
Cillian Murphy
Naomie Harris
Brendan Gleeson
  • Cillian Murphy as Jim, a bicycle courier who was previously in a coma
  • Naomie Harris as Selena, a chemist and battle-hardened survivor
  • Brendan Gleeson as Frank, a taxi driver
  • Megan Burns as Hannah, Frank's daughter
  • Christopher Eccleston as Major Henry West, the leader of a group of renegade soldiers in Manchester
  • Noah Huntley as Mark, a survivor and Selena's partner
  • Stuart McQuarrie as Sergeant Farrell, the only one of the renegade soldiers to oppose West
  • Ricci Harnett as Corporal Mitchell, a renegade soldier
  • Leo Bill as Private Jones, a renegade soldier
  • Luke Mably as Private Clifton, a renegade soldier
  • Junior Laniyan as Private Bell, a renegade soldier
  • Ray Panthaki as Private Bedford, a renegade soldier
  • Sanjay Rambaruth as Private Davis, a renegade soldier
  • Marvin Campbell as Private Mailer, a soldier who had been infected before Jim's arrival

Additionally, Alex Palmer, Bindu De Stoppani, and Jukka Hiltunen portray the animal liberation activists, while David Schneider portrays a scientist at the laboratory. Christopher Dunne and Emma Hitching appear as Jim's parents. Toby Sedgwick plays an infected priest encountered by Jim.

On the DVD commentary, Boyle explains that with the aim of preserving the suspension of disbelief, relatively unknown actors were cast in the film. Cillian Murphy had starred primarily in small independent films, while Naomie Harris had acted on British television as a child, and Megan Burns had only one previous film credit. However, Christopher Eccleston and Brendan Gleeson were well-known character actors.

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]

Early influences on Garland included the George A. Romero films Night of the Living Dead (1968) and Dawn of the Dead (1978), which he loved as a child but said that he had largely forgotten about the zombie genre until he played the video game Resident Evil (1996), which reminded him how much he loved zombies after "having not really encountered zombies for quite a while".[7][8] Boyle liked Garland's screenplay for a proposed zombie film, having directed the 2000 film adaptation of Garland's novel The Beach.[8]

Producer Andrew Macdonald had access to funding from the National Lottery, and pitched it to Universal Pictures, who declined to support it. Budget constraints proved to be an issue, with Christopher Eccleston having to take an emergency pay cut.[8]

On the DVD commentary, Boyle and Garland frequently call it a post-apocalyptic and horror film, commenting on scenes that were quotation of George A. Romero's Dead trilogy. During the initial marketing of the film, Boyle tried to distance the film from such labels. Boyle identified John Wyndham's The Day of the Triffids as Garland's original inspiration for the story.[9][10][11]

Five months after the film was released in Europe, video game publisher NovaLogic hosted a graffiti competition in a cross-promotion with the game Devastation. The connection was mainly due to the similar theme of a devastated world. The prizes consisted of signed screenplays and posters along with DVDs.[12] For the zombies, Boyle took inspiration from real-life diseases like Ebola along with aspects of rabies.[13] James McAvoy auditioned for a role as a zombie.[14]

Filming

[edit]
Busy areas of Central London, including Westminster Bridge, had to be filmed early in the morning or while the crew briefly closed streets for the film's opening sequence.

The film features scenes set in normally bustling parts of London, such as Westminster Bridge, Piccadilly Circus, Horse Guards Parade and Oxford Street. To depict these locations as desolate, the film crew closed off sections of street for minutes at a time, usually in early morning before sunrise on Sundays. They typically had around 45 minutes after dawn to shoot the locations devoid of traffic and members of the public. Portions of the film were shot on a Canon XL1 digital video (DV) camera.[15][8] DV cameras are much smaller and more manoeuvrable than traditional film cameras, which would have been impractical on such brief shoots. The scenes of the M1 motorway devoid of traffic were also filmed within limited periods. A mobile police roadblock slowed traffic sufficiently to leave a long section of carriageway empty while the scene was filmed. The section of the motorway depicted in the film is near Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, around 150 miles southeast of Manchester.[16]

For the London scene in which Jim walks by the overturned double-decker bus, the film crew placed the bus on its side and removed it when the shot was finished, all within 20 minutes.[17] The crew had asked permission to place the bus outside Downing Street, but Westminster City Council ordered them to place it elsewhere. When they arrived at 4am and nobody from the council was present, they placed it outside Downing Street anyway.[8]

The September 11 attacks took place during filming.[8] Boyle notes the parallel between the "missing persons" flyers seen at the beginning of the film and similar flyers posted in New York City in the wake of the attacks. Boyle said his crew probably would not have been granted permission to close off Whitehall for filming after the terrorist attacks.[18] The production team hired an optometrist to supervise with the red contact lenses needed for cast members playing the infected.[8]

The mansion used in the film was Trafalgar Park near Salisbury.[19][20] Many rooms, including the Cipriani-painted music room and the main hall, were filmed with minimal set decoration. The scenes set upstairs were filmed downstairs, as the mansion's owner resided upstairs.[citation needed] The old ruins used as the setting for an idyllic interlude in their journey to Manchester were those of Waverley Abbey, Surrey. The end scenes of the film with Jim, Selena and Hannah living in a rural cottage were filmed around Ennerdale in Cumbria.[21]

At a certain point, Macdonald announced to the crew that the production had run out of money. Filming ceased without a closing sequence being shot. After pitching several different ideas for an ending and the original ending which featured Jim's death tested badly with audiences, the studio granted more funding to film the ending scene that was eventually used. The crew organised for a real jet to fly overhead for them to film, as this was cheaper than approximately £70,000 for a computer-generated one.[8]

Alternative endings

[edit]

The DVD extras include three alternative endings, all of which conclude with Jim dying. One of these was filmed, which involved Jim dying of his gunshot wounds.[22] In another, Jim dreams of the accident that left him in a coma while he dies from his gunshot wounds.[23] The third, a more radical departure, was presented only in storyboards; instead of Frank being killed by soldiers after being infected, the other survivors tie him up and discover a research laboratory at the blockade, where Jim undergoes a blood transfusion in order to save Frank.[22] The U.S. cinematic release included one of the alternative endings after the film's credits in response to intense online debates over whether or not it was a more appropriate conclusion than the official ending.[24]

Music

[edit]
Main article: 28 Days Later: The Soundtrack Album
John Murphy – "In The House – In A Heartbeat"
Music from the 2002 film 28 Days Later.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The film's score was composed by John Murphy and was released in a score/song compilation in 2003. The score features electric guitar and atmospheric electronic production. It also features notable tracks from Brian Eno, Grandaddy and Blue States.[25]

A heavily edited version of the track "East Hastings" by the post-rock band Godspeed You! Black Emperor appears in the film, but the track is excluded from the soundtrack, because Boyle could only obtain the rights to use it in the film.[26]

28 Days Later: The Soundtrack Album was released on 17 June 2003. A modified version of the soundtrack "In The House – In A Heartbeat" was used as the character Big Daddy's theme in the 2010 film Kick-Ass. The same song was played in the 2012 advertisement campaign of Louis Vuitton, L'Invitation au Voyage.[27] In 2019, the song was remixed to include the theme of The Terminator by Brad Fiedel for the second trailer of Terminator: Dark Fate.[citation needed], and also eventually again remixed and used in the 2019 video game Metro Exodus.

Reception

[edit]

Box office

[edit]

28 Days Later was a considerable success at the box office and became highly profitable on a budget of about £5 million. In the UK, it took in £6.1 million, while in the US, it became a surprise hit, taking over $45 million despite a limited release at fewer than 1,500 screens across the country.[3] The film garnered over $85.7 million worldwide.[4]

Critical reception

[edit]

Critical views of the film were positive. On the film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 87% of 235 critics' reviews gave 28 Days Later a positive review, with an average rating of 7.40/10. The site's consensus reads: "Kinetically directed by Danny Boyle, 28 Days Later is both a terrifying zombie movie and a sharp political allegory."[28] On Metacritic, the film received a rating of 73 out of 100 based on 39 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".[29]

Bravo awarded it the 100th spot on their list of 'The 100 Scariest Movie Moments' in a four-episode 2004 television series. The commentators explained that making the zombies move fast for the first time was a bright and effective idea.[30][31] In 2007, Stylus Magazine named it the second-best zombie movie of all time.[32] The film also ranked at number 456 in Empire's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[33] Bloody Disgusting ranked the film seventh in their list of the Top 20 Horror Films of the Decade, with the article saying "Zombie movie? Political allegory? Humanist drama? 28 Days Later is all of those things and more—a genuine work of art by a director at the top of his game. What's so amazing about the film is the way it so expertly balances scenes of white-knuckled, hell-for-leather horror with moments of intimate beauty."[6] In 2017, a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine ranked it the 97th-best British film ever.[34]

Cultural impact

[edit]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, some media commentary compared images of deserted city streets (such as London, pictured) to scenes in 28 Days Later.

28 Days Later had an impact on horror films,[5] and was credited with starting a revival for the zombie genre,[7][5][35] along with the Resident Evil franchise.[7][5][36] The 2004 remake of Dawn of the Dead, for example, was influenced by 28 Days Later.[7] 28 Days Later was followed by other infection films such as Shaun of the Dead (2004), Black Sheep (2006),[35] Planet Terror (2007), Dead Snow (2009) and Zombieland (2009), as well as books such as World War Z (2006), Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (2009) and Warm Bodies (2010),[5] and zombie-themed graphic novels and television shows such as The Walking Dead.[35] The zombie revival trend lasted for more than a decade after 28 Days Later, before eventually declining in popularity by the late 2010s.[5]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, images of a national lockdown in the United Kingdom and stay-at-home orders elsewhere were compared to the opening sequence of 28 Days Later.[37][38][39][40] In 2021, Megan Burns said of the film, "When I joined the cast of 28 Days Later I had no idea of how big a cultural impact it would have and what a game-changer it would be to the 'zombie' genre. Even now after all these years, (or perhaps especially now with the current situation) people want to talk about the film and that's incredible."[41] Director Christopher Nolan said he cast Murphy as Scarecrow in Batman Begins (2005) after being impressed by his performance in 28 Days Later.[42]

Accolades

[edit]
  • Best Horror Film (2003 U.S. Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films – Saturn Award)[43]
  • Best British Film (Empire Award)[44]
  • Danny Boyle (Grand Prize of European Fantasy Film in Silver)[45]
  • Best Director – Danny Boyle (International Fantasy Film Award)[46]
  • Best International Film – Danny Boyle (Narcisse Award)[45]
  • Best Breakthrough Performance – Naomie Harris (Black Reel)[45]
  • Best Cinematographer – Anthony Dod Mantle (European Film Award)[45]

Subsequent media

[edit]

Sequels

[edit]

A sequel, 28 Weeks Later, was released on 11 May 2007.[47] Danny Boyle and Alex Garland took producing roles alongside Andrew Macdonald. The plot revolves around the arrival of American troops about seven months after the incidents in the original film, attempting to restore order and revitalise a nearly desolate Britain. The cast includes Robert Carlyle, Rose Byrne, Jeremy Renner, Imogen Poots, Harold Perrineau, Catherine McCormack, Mackintosh Muggleton and Idris Elba.

In March 2007, Danny Boyle said that he would be interested in making a third film in the series, 28 Months Later.[48] In 2019, he said "Alex Garland and I have a wonderful idea for the third part".[49]

In January 2024, it was announced that a third film in the series, 28 Years Later, was in development. It is considered the first installment in a potential trilogy, with Boyle directing the first film and Garland writing all three. With a planned $75 million budget per installment, the duo will also produce the trilogy alongside the original producer Andrew Macdonald and former Fox Searchlight Pictures head Peter Rice.[50] Cillian Murphy will reprise his role as Jim.[51]

Comic books

[edit]

Fox Atomic Comics, in association with HarperCollins, released a graphic novel bridging the time gap between 28 Days Later and 28 Weeks Later, titled 28 Days Later: The Aftermath, written by Steve Niles.

28 Days Later, a comic sequel also linking Days and Weeks and produced by Fox Atomic (until its demise) and Boom! Studios, began production in 2009. The series focuses on Selena and answers questions about her in the film and her sequel whereabouts.[52][53]

Digital availability

[edit]

By November 2022, 28 Days Later had become unavailable on Disney-owned streaming services including its removal from Disney+ Star internationally, hinting that Disney had lost rights to it; only its sequel, 28 Weeks Later (still owned by Disney), was available on streaming sites.[54][55]

In February 2024, it was revealed that producer Andrew MacDonald had bought back the rights to the film from Searchlight Pictures, promptly selling it to Sony Pictures via Columbia Pictures along with the upcoming sequel 28 Years Later.[1][2] In December 2024, following a largely favourable response from the public to the trailer for 28 Years Later, Sony announced that it would be making 28 Days Later available for purchase on digital and rental platforms from December 18.[56]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ In February 2024, the film's distribution rights were transferred from Searchlight Pictures to Sony Pictures.[1][2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Ryan Coogler's 25-Year Plan". 9 February 2024. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  2. ^ a b T, Amber (10 December 2024). "Looks Like 28 DAYS LATER Is Finally Coming To Digital". www.fangoria.com. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "28 Days Later". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  4. ^ a b "28 Days Later..." Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "How '28 Days Later' Changed the Horror Genre". The Hollywood Reporter. 29 June 2018. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  6. ^ a b "00's Retrospect: Bloody Disgusting's Top 20 Films of the Decade... Part 3". Bloody Disgusting. 18 December 2009. Archived from the original on 24 December 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  7. ^ a b c d Hasan, Zaki (10 April 2015). "INTERVIEW: Director Alex Garland on Ex Machina". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Jones, Ralph (27 June 2023). "'28 Days Later': The Oral History of Danny Boyle's Genre-Redefining Zombie Masterpiece". Inverse. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  9. ^ Kermode, Mark (6 May 2007). "A capital place for panic attacks". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 May 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
  10. ^ Inglis, Becca (19 November 2022). "28 Days Later gutted the apocalyptic thriller – but is it a zombie movie?". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  11. ^ "FILMMAKER MAGAZINE | Summer 2003: The Diseased World". www.filmmakermagazine.com. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  12. ^ "DEVASTATION GONE GOLD". NovaLogic. 14 April 2003. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  13. ^ Seddon, Dan (1 November 2022). "'28 Days Later' at 20: Danny Boyle and Cillian Murphy on why it wouldn't get made today". NME. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  14. ^ "James McAvoy interview on Trance & X:Men Days of Future Past – GQ.COM (UK)". 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  15. ^ Bankston, Douglas (1 July 2003). "Anthony Dod Mantle, DFF injects the apocalyptic 28 Days Later with a strain of digital video". TheASC.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2007.
  16. ^ Nigel, Freestone (2013). The Ultimate British Roads and Motorways Quiz Book: 200 Questions on Road and Motorway History. Andrews UK.
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  19. ^ "The History". Trafalgar Park. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  20. ^ "This glorious country house was gifted to Horatio Nelson's family after he died in battle. It's up for sale – take a look around". International Business Times UK. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  21. ^ "Cumbria live". BBC. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  22. ^ a b "The Original Ending of 28 Days Later Was Far More Haunting". ScreenRant. 12 June 2021. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
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  24. ^ "Plotting alternative film endings". BBC News. 15 August 2003. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
  25. ^ 28 Days Later (Enhanced) (Score)/O.S.T. – Original Soundtrack | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic, archived from the original on 28 March 2022, retrieved 28 March 2022
  26. ^ Kitty Empire (10 November 2002). "Godspeed You! Black Emperor: Adjusting to Fame After '28 Days Later'". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 9 December 2006. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
  27. ^ Kilic, Uygar (19 November 2012). "Louis Vuitton L'Invitation au Voyage Advertisement Campaign: Video and Collection". Cars & Life. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
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  29. ^ "28 Days Later... Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
  30. ^ "The 100 Scariest Movie Moments". BravoTV.com. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  31. ^ The 100 Scariest Movie Moments (TV Mini-Series 2004) – IMDb, archived from the original on 22 April 2021, retrieved 22 March 2021
  32. ^ "Stylus Magazine's Top 10 Zombie Films of All Time". StylusMagazine.com. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  33. ^ "Empire's 500 Greatest Movies of All Times" Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Empire. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  34. ^ "The 100 best British films" Archived 8 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Time Out. Retrieved 24 October 2017
  35. ^ a b c "Is The Zombie Revival Dead?". HuffPost. 10 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2019.[dead link‍]
  36. ^ "Vertigo is named 'greatest film of all time'". BBC News. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  37. ^ Dobraszczyk, Paul (18 January 2021). "Empty cities have long been a post-apocalyptic trope – now, they are a reality". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  38. ^ Brown, Lee (26 January 2021). "Video reveals eerily empty London amid strict COVID-19 lockdown". New York Post. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  39. ^ Reis Filho, Lúcio (16 July 2020). "No Safe Space: Zombie Film Tropes during the COVID-19 Pandemic". Space and Culture. 23 (3): 253–258. Bibcode:2020SpCul..23..253R. doi:10.1177/1206331220938642. ISSN 1206-3312.
  40. ^ "Coronavirus: What can we learn from a Hollywood pandemic? The positives from four outbreak films". Sky News. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  41. ^ Ewingpublished, Jerry (31 October 2021). "blanket release cover of in the House, In A Heartbeat from 28 Days Later". loudersound. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  42. ^ "Christopher Nolan and Cillian Murphy discuss their epic movie partnership". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  43. ^ "Past Saturn Award Recipients". saturnawards.org. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  44. ^ "The Empire Awards 2003". Empire. 2 May 2003. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  45. ^ a b c d 28 Days Later..., archived from the original on 11 June 2024, retrieved 24 February 2018
  46. ^ "Fantasporto". Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  47. ^ Gingold, Michael (14 July 2006). "July 14: Fox sets HILLS II and more release dates". Fangoria. Archived from the original on 31 August 2006. Retrieved 1 September 2006.
  48. ^ "28 Months Later?". Moviehole.net. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  49. ^ Stolworthy, Jacob (24 June 2019). "28 Days Later: Danny Boyle reveals 'wonderful' idea for third film". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  50. ^ Kit, Borys; Galuppo, Mia (10 January 2024). "Danny Boyle, Alex Garland Teaming for Sequel to Their Zombie Hit '28 Days Later' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  51. ^ Screen Rant (17 May 2024). "Cillian Murphy Officially Returning For 28 Years Later". Screen Rant. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  52. ^ "BOOM!, Fox Announce "28 Days Later" Comic Book Series". ComicBookResources.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  53. ^ Sun, Michael (11 January 2024). "28 Years Later: Danny Boyle and Alex Garland reportedly reuniting for third zombie film". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  54. ^ Frisky_Picker (13 December 2022). "Update: 28 Days Later is nearly unavailable to watch anywhere". r/horror. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  55. ^ "@jowrotethis". Retrieved 30 July 2023 – via Twitter.
  56. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (16 December 2024). "'28 Years Later' Is 2nd Most Watched Horror Trailer Ever; Sony Releasing '28 Days Later' On Digital Due To Fan Response". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
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