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{{Short description|Iñupiaq variety of Canada}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Uummarmiutun
|name=Uummarmiutun
|states=[[Canada]]
|states=Canada
|region =
|region =
|ethnicity=[[Uummarmiut]]
|ethnicity=[[Uummarmiut]]
|speakers=?
|speakers=?
|familycolor=Eskimo-Aleut
|familycolor=eskaleut
|fam2=[[Eskimo language|Eskimo]]
|fam1=[[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]]
|fam3=[[Inuit languages|Inuit]]
|fam2=[[Inuit languages|Inuit]]
|fam4=[[Inupiat language|Inupiaq]]
|fam3=[[Iñupiaq language|Iñupiaq]] or [[Inuvialuktun]]<ref name=indi/>
|ancestor=[[Proto-Eskaleut language|Proto-Eskaleut]]
|ancestor2=[[Proto-Eskimoan language|Proto-Eskimoan]]
|ancestor3=[[Proto-Inuit language|Proto-Inuit]]
|isoexception=dialect
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=none
|glotto=none
Line 15: Line 19:
}}
}}


'''Uummarmiutun'''(pronounced /uːm.mar.mi.u.tun/) or '''Canadian Iñupiaq''' is the variant of [[Inupiat language|Iñupiatun]] (or [[Inuvialuktun]]) spoken by the [[Uummarmiut]], part of the [[Inuvialuit]], who live mainly in the communities of [[Inuvik]] and [[Aklavik]] in the [[Northwest Territories]] of [[Canada]].<ref>[http://www.irc.inuvialuit.com/culture/language.html Inuvaluit Region - Languages]</ref>
'''Uummarmiutun''' ({{IPA-ik|uːm.mɑʁ.mi.u.tun|lang}}), '''Uummaġmiutun''' or '''Canadian Iñupiaq''' is the variant of [[Inupiat language|Iñupiaq]] (or [[Inuvialuktun]]) spoken by the [[Uummarmiut]], part of the [[Inuvialuit]], who live mainly in the communities of [[Inuvik]] and [[Aklavik]] in the [[Northwest Territories]] of Canada.<ref name=indi>[https://irc.inuvialuit.com/about-irc/culture/language Inuvialuktun Dialects]</ref>


This dialect is essentially the same as that spoken by the [[Inupiat people|Inupiat]] of [[Alaska]], and is present in Canada because of migration from Alaska in the 1910s, reoccupying traditionally [[Siglit]] [[Inuit]] lands abandoned during the devastating disease outbreaks of the previous century.<ref>[http://www.canadianarchaeology.com/cmcc/pinuva.htm The Inuvialuit by David Morrison, Curator of N.W.T. Archaeology (District of Mackenzie), Canadian Museum of Civilization]</ref>
This dialect is essentially the same as that spoken by the [[Inupiat people|Inupiat]] of [[Alaska]], and is present in Canada because of migration from Alaska in the 1910s, reoccupying traditionally [[Siglit]] [[Inuit]] lands abandoned during the devastating disease outbreaks of the previous century.<ref>[http://www.canadianarchaeology.com/cmcc/pinuva.htm The Inuvialuit by David Morrison, Curator of N.W.T. Archaeology (District of Mackenzie), Canadian Museum of Civilization] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000229125642/http://www.canadianarchaeology.com/cmcc/pinuva.htm |date=2000-02-29 }}</ref>


Because Inuvik and Aklavik are ethnically mixed communities where English is the near exclusive language of communication, few young people speak Uummarmiutun and the language is very endangered.
Because Inuvik and Aklavik are ethnically mixed communities where English is the near-exclusive language of communication, few young people speak Uummarmiutun and the language is very endangered.


It is one of the three dialects, [[Kangiryuarmiutun]] and [[Siglitun]] are the other two, of the [[Inuit languages|Inuit language]] grouped together under the label ''Inuvialuktun''.
It is one of the three dialects – [[Kangiryuarmiutun]] and [[Siglitun]] are the other two – of the [[Inuit languages|Inuit language]] grouped together under the label ''Inuvialuktun''.


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Uummartmiutun has thirty-one [[phoneme]]s, six of which are [[vowel]]s, three short and three long, five of which are [[diphthong]]s, the rest being [[consonant]]s:
Uummarmiutun has three [[vowel]]s:
*Vowels: {{IPA|/a, i, u, aː, iː, uː, ai, ui, iu, ua, ia/}}
*Short vowels: '''a i u '''
*Consonants: {{IPA|/p, t, k, g, q, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, f, v, ʁ, h, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, j, r, l, ɫ, j/}}
*Long vowels: '''aa ii uu'''
*Diphthongs: '''ai ui au iu ua ia'''

Uummarmiutun has 19 [[consonant]]s: '''ch, f, g, h, dj, k, l, ł, m, n, ñ, ng, p, q, r, ȓ, t, v, y'''.


== Vocabulary comparison ==
== Vocabulary comparison ==
The comparison of some animal names in the two dialects of Iñupiatun:
A comparison of some animal names in the two dialects of Iñupiatun.


The similarity in names is sometimes obscured by the different spelling conventions used in Alaska and Canada.
{| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"

|- bgcolor="#aaaaaa"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Alaskan Iñupiaq'''<ref>[http://www.alaskool.org/language/dictionaries/inupiaq/default.htm Interactive IñupiaQ Dictionary]</ref>
! Alaskan Iñupiaq<ref>[http://www.alaskool.org/language/dictionaries/inupiaq/default.htm Interactive IñupiaQ Dictionary]</ref>
|'''Canadian Iñupiaq'''<ref>[http://www.ngps.nt.ca/Upload/Letters%20of%20Comment/Inuvik%20Community%20Corporation/ICC-ISR_TK_Study/070402_ICC-ISR_TK_Study_FINAL%20_Aug18-06-2.pdf Inuvialuit Settlement Region – TK Study, August 2006]</ref>
! Canadian Iñupiaq<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071537/http://www.capekrusenstern.org/docs/icc_study_2006.pdf Inuvialuit Settlement Region – TK Study, August 2006]</ref>
|'''meaning'''
! meaning
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|-
|Uummaġmiutun
|Uummaġmiutun
|Uummarmiutun
|Uummarmiutun
|Uummarmiut dialect
|Uummarmiut dialect
|-
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|siksrik
|{{Lang|ik|siksrik}}
|{{Lang|ik|hikr̂ik/sikr̂ik}}
|hikřik
|[[ground squirrel]]
|[[ground squirrel]]
|-
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|qugruk
|{{Lang|ik|qugruk}}
|{{Lang|ik|qugr̂uk}}
|qugřuk
|[[tundra swan]]
|[[tundra swan]]
|-
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|aaġlu
|{{Lang|ik|aaġlu}}
|arlu
|{{Lang|ik|arlu}}
|[[killer whale]]
|[[killer whale]]
|-
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|amaġuq
|{{Lang|ik|amaġuq}}
|amaruq
|{{Lang|ik|amaruq}}
|[[gray wolf]]
|[[gray wolf]]
|-
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|isuŋŋaġluk
|{{Lang|ik|isuŋŋaġluk}}
|ihun’ngaq
|{{Lang|ik|ihun’ngaq}}
|[[Pomarine jaeger]]
|[[Pomarine jaeger]]
|-
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|kaŋuq
|{{Lang|ik|kaŋuq}}
|kanguq
|{{Lang|ik|kanguq}}
|[[snow goose]]
|[[snow goose]]
|-
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|qunŋiq
|{{Lang|ik|qunŋiq}}
|qun’ngiq
|{{Lang|ik|qun’ngiq}}
⚫
|[[reindeer]]{{efn|The name ''reindeer'' for semi-domesticated subspecies (''Rangifer tarandus tarandus''). The wild subspecies (''[[Porcupine {{Lang|ik|tuttu}}).}}
|[[reindeer]] (¹)
|-
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|tiġiganniaq
|{{Lang|ik|tiġiganniaq}}
|tiriganiaq
|{{Lang|ik|tiriganiaq}}
|[[Arctic fox]]
|[[Arctic fox]]
|-
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|umiŋmak
|{{Lang|ik|umiŋmak}}
|umingmak
|{{Lang|ik|umingmak}}
|[[muskox]]
|[[muskox]]
|}
|}
{{notelist}}
⚫
¹ The name ''reindeer'' for semi-domesticated subspecies (''Rangifer tarandus tarandus''). The wild subspecies (''[[Porcupine caribou|Rangifer tarandus granti]]'') is ''[[caribou]]'' (Iñupiaq name is ''tuttu'').

==See also==
*[[Eskimo–Aleut languages|Eskimo–Aleut Languages]]
*[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]


==References==
==References==
Line 86: Line 92:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Lowe, Ronald. ''Uummarmiut Uqalungiha Mumikhitchirutingit = Basic Uummarmiut Eskimo Dictionary''. Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada: Committee for Original Peoples Entitlement, 1984. ISBN 0-9691597-1-4
* Lowe, Ronald. ''Uummarmiut Uqalungiha Mumikhitchirutingit = Basic Uummarmiut Eskimo Dictionary''. Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada: Committee for Original Peoples Entitlement, 1984. {{ISBN|0-9691597-1-4}}
* Lowe, Ronald. ''Basic Uummarmiut Eskimo Grammar = Uummarmiut Uqalungiha Ilihaur̂r̂utikr̂angit''. C.O.P.E, 5. Inuvik, N.W.T.: Committee for Original Peoples Entitlement, 1985. ISBN 0-9691597-4-9
* Lowe, Ronald. ''Basic Uummarmiut Eskimo Grammar = Uummarmiut Uqalungiha Ilihaur̂r̂utikr̂angit''. C.O.P.E, 5. Inuvik, N.W.T.: Committee for Original Peoples Entitlement, 1985. {{ISBN|0-9691597-4-9}}


{{Eskimo-Aleut languages}}
{{Eskimo-Aleut languages}}

Latest revision as of 12:40, 22 December 2023

Uummarmiutun
Native toCanada
EthnicityUummarmiut
Early forms
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone
Inuit dialects. Uummarmiut is the orange within Canada.

Uummarmiutun (Inupiaq: [uːm.mɑʁ.mi.u.tun]), Uummaġmiutun or Canadian Iñupiaq is the variant of Iñupiaq (or Inuvialuktun) spoken by the Uummarmiut, part of the Inuvialuit, who live mainly in the communities of Inuvik and Aklavik in the Northwest Territories of Canada.[1]

This dialect is essentially the same as that spoken by the Inupiat of Alaska, and is present in Canada because of migration from Alaska in the 1910s, reoccupying traditionally Siglit Inuit lands abandoned during the devastating disease outbreaks of the previous century.[2]

Because Inuvik and Aklavik are ethnically mixed communities where English is the near-exclusive language of communication, few young people speak Uummarmiutun and the language is very endangered.

It is one of the three dialects – Kangiryuarmiutun and Siglitun are the other two – of the Inuit language grouped together under the label Inuvialuktun.

Phonology

[edit]

Uummartmiutun has thirty-one phonemes, six of which are vowels, three short and three long, five of which are diphthongs, the rest being consonants:

  • Vowels: /a, i, u, aː, iː, uː, ai, ui, iu, ua, ia/
  • Consonants: /p, t, k, g, q, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, f, v, ʁ, h, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, j, r, l, ɫ, j/

Vocabulary comparison

[edit]

A comparison of some animal names in the two dialects of Iñupiatun.

The similarity in names is sometimes obscured by the different spelling conventions used in Alaska and Canada.

Alaskan Iñupiaq[3] Canadian Iñupiaq[4] meaning
Uummaġmiutun Uummarmiutun Uummarmiut dialect
siksrik hikr̂ik/sikr̂ik ground squirrel
qugruk qugr̂uk tundra swan
aaġlu arlu killer whale
amaġuq amaruq gray wolf
isuŋŋaġluk ihun’ngaq Pomarine jaeger
kaŋuq kanguq snow goose
qunŋiq qun’ngiq reindeer{{efn|The name reindeer for semi-domesticated subspecies (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). The wild subspecies ([[Porcupine tuttu).}}
tiġiganniaq tiriganiaq Arctic fox
umiŋmak umingmak muskox

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Inuvialuktun Dialects
  2. ^ The Inuvialuit by David Morrison, Curator of N.W.T. Archaeology (District of Mackenzie), Canadian Museum of Civilization Archived 2000-02-29 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Interactive IñupiaQ Dictionary
  4. ^ Inuvialuit Settlement Region – TK Study, August 2006

Further reading

[edit]
  • Lowe, Ronald. Uummarmiut Uqalungiha Mumikhitchirutingit = Basic Uummarmiut Eskimo Dictionary. Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada: Committee for Original Peoples Entitlement, 1984. ISBN 0-9691597-1-4
  • Lowe, Ronald. Basic Uummarmiut Eskimo Grammar = Uummarmiut Uqalungiha Ilihaur̂r̂utikr̂angit. C.O.P.E, 5. Inuvik, N.W.T.: Committee for Original Peoples Entitlement, 1985. ISBN 0-9691597-4-9


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